20 results on '"Seebregts, Chris"'
Search Results
2. Brief Report: Methods for Collecting Sexual Behaviour Information from South African Adolescents--A Comparison of Paper versus Personal Digital Assistant Questionnaires
- Author
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Jaspan, Heather B., Flisher, Alan J., Myer, Landon, Mathews, Catherine, Seebregts, Chris, Berwick, Jessica R., Wood, Robin, and Bekker, Linda-Gail
- Abstract
Reporting bias in adolescent behavioural research may be overcome with the use of personal digital assistants (PDA) or other computer based technologies. However, there is little insight into the use of these tools among adolescents in low resource settings. We compared self-administered paper questionnaires with PDA questionnaires to collect sexual behaviour data from a sample of 11-19 year olds living in a periurban, Xhosa-speaking community in South Africa. There was a high level of agreement between sexual risk behaviour data collected via each method (kappas greater than or equal to 0.50). Data collected from the PDA questionnaires were more complete. Subjectively, adolescents found the use of PDA to be simple and confidential. PDA may be a useful method to collect sensitive, self-reported information from adolescents in resource-limited settings.
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
3. Microbial Translocation: A Marker of Advanced HIV-1 Infection and a Predictor of Treatment Failure?
- Author
-
Cassol, Edana, Rossouw, Theresa, Seebregts, Chris, and Cassol, Sharon
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Persistent Microbial Translocation and Immune Activation in HIV-1—Infected South Africans Receiving Combination Antiretroviral Therapy
- Author
-
Cassol, Edana, Malfeld, Susan, Mahasha, Phetole, van der Merwe, Schalk, Cassol, Sharon, Seebregts, Chris, Alfano, Massimo, Poli, Guido, and Rossouw, Theresa
- Published
- 2010
5. Effectiveness of Antiretroviral Treatment in a South African Program: A Cohort Study
- Author
-
Fairall, Lara R., Bachmann, Max O., Louwagie, Goedele M. C., van Vuuren, Cloete, Chikobvu, Perpetual, Steyn, Dewald, Staniland, Gillian H., Timmerman, Venessa, Msimanga, Mpumelelo, Seebregts, Chris J., Boulle, Andrew, Nhiwatiwa, Ralph, Bateman, Eric D., Zwarenstein, Merrick F., and Chapman, Ronald D.
- Published
- 2008
6. An automated genotyping system for analysis of HIV-1 and other microbial sequences
- Author
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de Oliveira, Tulio, Deforche, Koen, Cassol, Sharon, Salminen, Mika, Paraskevis, Dimitris, Seebregts, Chris, Snoeck, Joe, van Rensburg, Estrelita Janse, Wensing, Annemarie M. J., van de Vijver, David A., Boucher, Charles A., Camacho, Ricardo, and Vandamme, Anne-Mieke
- Published
- 2005
7. Classification of Digital Health Interventions v 1.0
- Author
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Mehl, Garrett, Tigest Tamrat, Labrique, Alain B., Maeghan Orton, Baker, Elaine, Blaschke, Sean, BonTempo, James, DeBorma, Nicolas, Eskandar, Hani, Falzon, Dennis, Fogwill, Thomas, Frost, Michael, Gilbert, Skye, Goertz, Hallie, Grevendonk, Jan, Surabhi Joshi, Kumar, Manish, Landry, Mark, Leitner, Carl, L'Engle, Kelly, Marcelo, Alvin, Medeiros, Donna, Muneene, Derek, Mwanyika, Henry, Novillo, David, Ollis, Steve, Payne, Jonathan, Peloso, Liz, Ritz, Derek, Merrick Schaefer, Schmider, Anneke, Seebregts, Chris, Dykki Settle, Chaitali Sinha, Stahl, Michael, Timimi, Hazim, Uggowitzer, Steven, Lavanya Vasudevan, Waugaman, Adele, Weiss, William, Kelley, Ed, Zandi, Diana, and Say, Lale
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. BioAfrica's HIV-1 Proteomics Resource: Combining protein data with bioinformatics tools
- Author
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Gordon Michelle, Danaviah Sivapragashini, Seebregts Chris, De Oliveira Tulio, Doherty Ryan S, and Cassol Sharon
- Subjects
Immunologic diseases. Allergy ,RC581-607 - Abstract
Abstract Most Internet online resources for investigating HIV biology contain either bioinformatics tools, protein information or sequence data. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive online proteomics resource that integrates bioinformatics with the latest information on HIV-1 protein structure, gene expression, post-transcriptional/post-translational modification, functional activity, and protein-macromolecule interactions. The BioAfrica HIV-1 Proteomics Resource http://bioafrica.mrc.ac.za/proteomics/index.html is a website that contains detailed information about the HIV-1 proteome and protease cleavage sites, as well as data-mining tools that can be used to manipulate and query protein sequence data, a BLAST tool for initiating structural analyses of HIV-1 proteins, and a proteomics tools directory. The Proteome section contains extensive data on each of 19 HIV-1 proteins, including their functional properties, a sample analysis of HIV-1HXB2, structural models and links to other online resources. The HIV-1 Protease Cleavage Sites section provides information on the position, subtype variation and genetic evolution of Gag, Gag-Pol and Nef cleavage sites. The HIV-1 Protein Data-mining Tool includes a set of 27 group M (subtypes A through K) reference sequences that can be used to assess the influence of genetic variation on immunological and functional domains of the protein. The BLAST Structure Tool identifies proteins with similar, experimentally determined topologies, and the Tools Directory provides a categorized list of websites and relevant software programs. This combined database and software repository is designed to facilitate the capture, retrieval and analysis of HIV-1 protein data, and to convert it into clinically useful information relating to the pathogenesis, transmission and therapeutic response of different HIV-1 variants. The HIV-1 Proteomics Resource is readily accessible through the BioAfrica website at: http://bioafrica.mrc.ac.za/proteomics/index.html
- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. Self-enrolment antenatal health promotion data as an adjunct to maternal clinical information systems in the Western Cape Province of South Africa
- Author
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Heekes, Alexa, primary, Tiffin, Nicki, additional, Dane, Pierre, additional, Mutemaringa, Themba, additional, Smith, Mariette, additional, Zinyakatira, Nesbert, additional, Barron, Peter, additional, Seebregts, Chris, additional, and Boulle, Andrew, additional
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. CD14+ macrophages that accumulate in the colon of African AIDS patients express pro-inflammatory cytokines and are responsive to lipopolysaccharide
- Author
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Cassol, Edana, primary, Rossouw, Theresa, additional, Malfeld, Susan, additional, Mahasha, Phetole, additional, Slavik, Tomas, additional, Seebregts, Chris, additional, Bond, Robert, additional, du Plessis, Johannie, additional, Janssen, Carl, additional, Roskams, Tania, additional, Nevens, Frederik, additional, Alfano, Massimo, additional, Poli, Guido, additional, and van der Merwe, Schalk W., additional
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. CD14+ macrophages that accumulate in the colon of African AIDS patients express pro-inflammatory cytokines and are responsive to lipopolysaccharide.
- Author
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Cassol, Edana, Rossouw, Theresa, Malfeld, Susan, Mahasha, Phetole, Slavik, Tomas, Seebregts, Chris, Bond, Robert, du Plessis, Johannie, Janssen, Carl, Roskams, Tania, Nevens, Frederik, Alfano, Massimo, Poli, Guido, and van der Merwe, Schalk W.
- Abstract
Background: Intestinal macrophages are key regulators of inflammatory responses to the gut microbiome and play a central role in maintaining tissue homeostasis and epithelial integrity. However, little is known about the role of these cells in HIV infection, a disease fuelled by intestinal inflammation, a loss of epithelial barrier function and increased microbial translocation (MT). Methods: Phenotypic and functional characterization of intestinal macrophages was performed for 23 African AIDS patients with chronic diarrhea and/or weight loss and 11 HIV-negative Africans with and without inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). AIDS patients were treated with cotrimoxazole for the prevention of opportunistic infections (OIs). Macrophage phenotype was assessed by flow cytometry and immuno-histochemistry (IHC); production of proinflammatory mediators by IHC and Qiagen PCR Arrays; in vitro secretion of cytokines by the Bio-Plex Suspension Array System. Statistical analyses were performed using Spearman's correlation and Wilcoxon matched-pair tests. Results between groups were analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis with Dunn's post-test and the Mann-Whitney U tests. Results: None of the study participants had evidence of enteric co-infections as assessed by stool analysis and histology. Compared to healthy HIV-negative controls, the colon of AIDS patients was highly inflamed with increased infiltration of inflammatory cells and increased mRNA expression of proinflammatory cytokine (tumour necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IFN-γ, and IL-18), chemokines (chemokine (C-C motif) ligand (CCL)2 and chemokine (C-X-C) motif ligand (CXCL)10) and transcription factors (TNF receptor-associated factor (TRAF)6 and T-box (TXB)21). IHC revealed significant co-localization of TNF-α and IL-1β with CD68
+ cells. As in IBD, HIV was associated with a marked increase in macrophages expressing innate response receptors including CD14, the co-receptor for lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The frequency of CD14+ macrophages correlated positively with plasma LPS, a marker of MT. Total unfractionated mucosal mononuclear cells (MMC) isolated from the colon of AIDS patients, but not MMC depleted of CD14+ cells, secreted increased levels of proinflammatory cytokines ex vivo in response to LPS. Conclusions: Intestinal macrophages, in the absence of overt OIs, play an important role in driving persistent inflammation in HIV patients with late-stage disease and diarrhea. These results suggest intensified treatment strategies that target inflammatory processes in intestinal macrophages may be highly beneficial in restoring the epithelial barrier and limiting MT in HIV-infected patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Brief report: Methods for collecting sexual behaviour information from South African adolescents—a comparison of paper versus personal digital assistant questionnaires
- Author
-
Jaspan, Heather B., Flisher, Alan J., Myer, Landon, Mathews, Catherine, Seebregts, Chris, Berwick, Jessica R., Wood, Robin, and Bekker, Linda-Gail
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Brief report: Methods for collecting sexual behaviour information from South African adolescents—a comparison of paper versus personal digital assistant questionnaires
- Author
-
Jaspan, Heather B., primary, Flisher, Alan J., additional, Myer, Landon, additional, Mathews, Catherine, additional, Seebregts, Chris, additional, Berwick, Jessica R., additional, Wood, Robin, additional, and Bekker, Linda‐Gail, additional
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Modeling HIV-1 Drug Resistance as Episodic Directional Selection.
- Author
-
Murrell, Ben, de Oliveira, Tulio, Seebregts, Chris, Pond, Sergei L. Kosakovsky, and Scheffler, Konrad
- Subjects
DRUG resistance ,HIV ,ANTIRETROVIRAL agents ,A priori ,AMINO acid sequence ,NULL hypothesis - Abstract
The evolution of substitutions conferring drug resistance to HIV-1 is both episodic, occurring when patients are on antiretroviral therapy, and strongly directional, with site-specific resistant residues increasing in frequency over time. While methods exist to detect episodic diversifying selection and continuous directional selection, no evolutionary model combining these two properties has been proposed. We present two models of episodic directional selection (MEDS and EDEPS) which allow the a priori specification of lineages expected to have undergone directional selection. The models infer the sites and target residues that were likely subject to directional selection, using either codon or protein sequences. Compared to its null model of episodic diversifying selection, MEDS provides a superior fit to most sites known to be involved in drug resistance, and neither one test for episodic diversifying selection nor another for constant directional selection are able to detect as many true positives as MEDS and EDEPS while maintaining acceptable levels of false positives. This suggests that episodic directional selection is a better description of the process driving the evolution of drug resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
15. Progression to AIDS in South Africa Is Associated with both Reverting and Compensatory Viral Mutations.
- Author
-
van Vuuren, Cloete, Frater, John, Kuan-Hsiang Gary Huang, Goedhals, Dominique, Carlson, Jonathan M., Brockman, Mark A., Mishra, Swati, Brumme, Zabrina L., Hickling, Stephen, Tang, Christopher S. W., Miura, Toshiyuki, Seebregts, Chris, Heckerman, David, Ndung'u, Thumbi, Walker, Bruce, Klenerman, Paul, Steyn, Dewald, Goulder, Philip, and Phillips, Rodney
- Subjects
MEDICAL research ,HIV-positive persons ,IMMUNITY ,T cells ,PROTEOLYTIC enzymes ,GROWTH rate ,RECOMBINANT viruses ,AMINO acids - Abstract
We lack the understanding of why HIV-infected individuals in South Africa progress to AIDS. We hypothesised that in endstage disease there is a shifting dynamic between T cell imposed immunity and viral immune escape, which, through both compensatory and reverting viral mutations, results in increased viral fitness, elevated plasma viral loads and disease progression. We explored how T cell responses, viral adaptation and viral fitness inter-relate in South African cohorts recruited from Bloemfontein, the Free State (n = 278) and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal (n = 775). Immune responses were measured by γ-interferon ELISPOT assays. HLA-associated viral polymorphisms were determined using phylogenetically corrected techniques, and viral replication capacity (VRC) was measured by comparing the growth rate of gag-protease recombinant viruses against recombinant NL4-3 viruses. We report that in advanced disease (CD4 counts ,100 cells/ml), T cell responses narrow, with a relative decline in Gag-directed responses (p<0.0001). This is associated with preserved selection pressure at specific viral amino acids (e.g., the T242N polymorphism within the HLA-B*57/5801 restricted TW10 epitope), but with reversion at other sites (e.g., the T186S polymorphism within the HLA-B*8101 restricted TL9 epitope), most notably in Gag and suggestive of ''immune relaxation''. The median VRC from patients with CD4 counts ,100 cells/μl was higher than from patients with CD4 counts ⩾500 cells/μl (91.15% versus 85.19%, p = 0.0004), potentially explaining the rise in viral load associated with disease progression. Mutations at HIV Gag T186S and T242N reduced VRC, however, in advanced disease only the T242N mutants demonstrated increasing VRC, and were associated with compensatory mutations (p = 0.013). These data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of HIV disease progression in South Africa. Restoration of fitness correlates with loss of viral control in late disease, with evidence for both preserved and relaxed selection pressure across the HIV genome. Interventions that maintain viral fitness costs could potentially slow progression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Experience in Implementing the OpenMRS Medical Record System to Support HIV Treatment in Rwanda.
- Author
-
Kuhn, Klaus A., Warren, James R., Leong, Tze-Yun, Allen, Christian, Jazayeri, Darius, Miranda, Justin, Biondich, Paul G., Mamlin, Burke W., Wolfe, Ben A., Seebregts, Chris, Lesh, Neal, Tierney, William M., and Fraser, Hamish S.F.
- Abstract
The challenge of scaling up HIV treatment in Africa has led to a new emphasis on improving health systems in impoverished areas. One aspect of this is the development and deployment of electronic medical record systems to support HIV and TB treatment. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a new medical record architecture to support an HIV treatment program in rural Rwanda. The architecture is called OpenMRS and it has been developed to address the problem of configuring EMR systems to suit new sites, languages and diseases. OpenMRS uses a data dictionary called the concept dictionary to represent all the possible data items that can be collected. This allows new items to be added to the system by non-programmers. In addition, there are form creation tools that use drag and drop web technologies to simplify form construction. The OpenMRS system was first implemented in Kenya in February 2006 and then in Rwanda in August 2006. The system is now functioning well and we are developing extensions to improve the support for the clinic. hese include improved, easy to use reporting tools, support for additional clinical problems including nutrition and child health, better database synchronization tools, and modules to collect laboratory data and support the pharmacy. The system is also in use in South Africa and Lesotho and is being deployed in Tanzania and Uganda. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2007
17. BioAfrica's HIV-1 Proteomics Resource: Combining protein data with bioinformatics tools.
- Author
-
Doherty, Ryan S., De Oliveira, Tulio, Seebregts, Chris, Danaviah, Sivapragashini, Gordon, Michelle, and Cassol, Sharon
- Subjects
HIV infections ,BIOINFORMATICS ,HIV ,PROTEOMICS ,MOLECULAR biology ,GENE expression - Abstract
Most Internet online resources for investigating HIV biology contain either bioinformatics tools, protein information or sequence data. The objective of this study was to develop a comprehensive online proteomics resource that integrates bioinformatics with the latest information on HIV-1 protein structure, gene expression, post-transcriptional/post-translational modification, functional activity, and protein-macromolecule interactions. The BioAfrica HIV-1 Proteomics Resource http://bioafrica.mrc.ac.za/proteomics/index.html is a website that contains detailed information about the HIV-1 proteome and protease cleavage sites, as well as data-mining tools that can be used to manipulate and query protein sequence data, a BLAST tool for initiating structural analyses of HIV-1 proteins, and a proteomics tools directory. The Proteome section contains extensive data on each of 19 HIV-1 proteins, including their functional properties, a sample analysis of HIV-1
HXB2 , structural models and links to other online resources. The HIV-1 Protease Cleavage Sites section provides information on the position, subtype variation and genetic evolution of Gag, Gag-Pol and Nef cleavage sites. The HIV-1 Protein Data-mining Tool includes a set of 27 group M (subtypes A through K) reference sequences that can be used to assess the influence of genetic variation on immunological and functional domains of the protein. The BLAST Structure Tool identifies proteins with similar, experimentally determined topologies, and the Tools Directory provides a categorized list of websites and relevant software programs. This combined database and software repository is designed to facilitate the capture, retrieval and analysis of HIV-1 protein data, and to convert it into clinically useful information relating to the pathogenesis, transmission and therapeutic response of different HIV-1 variants. The HIV-1 Proteomics Resource is readily accessible through the BioAfrica website at: http://bioafrica.mrc.ac.za/proteomics/index.html [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2005
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Prevalence of HIV type-1 drug-associated mutations in pre-therapy patients in the Free State, South Africa
- Author
-
Huang, Kuan-Hsiang Gary, Goedhals, Dominique, Fryer, Helen, van Vuuren, Cloete, Katzourakis, Aris, Oliveira, Tulio De, Brown, Helen, Cassol, Sharon, Seebregts, Chris, McLean, Angela, Klenerman, Paul, Phillips, Rodney, and Frater, John
- Abstract
Background We aimed to characterize the molecular epidemiology of HIV type-1 (HIV-1) and the prevalence of drug- associated mutations prior to initiating highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) in the Free State province, South Africa. The Free State has a population of 3 million, an antenatal HIV prevalence of approximately 34% and a well established infrastucture for antiretroviral (ARV) provision.Methods HIV-1 polymerase genes were sequenced from 425 HAART-naive HIV-1-positive patients at voluntary primary healthcare HIV testing centres, who were subsequently attending district centres for assessment for commencing ARVs. Patients (>18 years) were sampled randomly with no exclusion for gender or clinical criteria. Sequences were analysed according to phylogeny and drug resistance.Results Phylogenetic clustering within the cohort was suggestive of multiple introductions of subtype C virus into the region. Drug resistance mutations (according to the International AIDS Society-USA classification) were distributed randomly across the cohort phylogeny with an overall prevalence of 2.3% in the sampled patients. When stratified according to CD4+T-cell count, the prevalence of resistance was 3.6%, 0.9% and 1.2% for CD4+T-cell counts <100, 200-350 and >500 cells/µ l, respectively, and was most common for non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor resistance (3.1% in patients with CD4+T-cell count <100 cells/µ l). We surveyed all drug-selected mutations and found further significant clustering among patients with low CD4+T-cell counts (P=0.003), suggesting unrecognized exposure to ARVs.Conclusions In the Free State population, there was a statistical association between low CD4+T-cell counts and drug-associated viral polymorphisms. Our data advocate the benefit of detailed history taking from patients starting HAART at low CD4+T-cell counts with close follow-up of the virological response.
- Published
- 2009
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. Progression to AIDS in South Africa is associated with both reverting and compensatory viral mutations.
- Author
-
Huang KH, Goedhals D, Carlson JM, Brockman MA, Mishra S, Brumme ZL, Hickling S, Tang CS, Miura T, Seebregts C, Heckerman D, Ndung'u T, Walker B, Klenerman P, Steyn D, Goulder P, Phillips R, van Vuuren C, and Frater J
- Subjects
- CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Disease Progression, Enzyme-Linked Immunospot Assay, Histocompatibility Antigens Class I genetics, Humans, Mutation genetics, Polymorphism, Genetic genetics, South Africa, gag Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus genetics, nef Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus genetics, pol Gene Products, Human Immunodeficiency Virus genetics, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome genetics, Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome virology
- Abstract
We lack the understanding of why HIV-infected individuals in South Africa progress to AIDS. We hypothesised that in end-stage disease there is a shifting dynamic between T cell imposed immunity and viral immune escape, which, through both compensatory and reverting viral mutations, results in increased viral fitness, elevated plasma viral loads and disease progression. We explored how T cell responses, viral adaptation and viral fitness inter-relate in South African cohorts recruited from Bloemfontein, the Free State (n = 278) and Durban, KwaZulu-Natal (n = 775). Immune responses were measured by γ-interferon ELISPOT assays. HLA-associated viral polymorphisms were determined using phylogenetically corrected techniques, and viral replication capacity (VRC) was measured by comparing the growth rate of gag-protease recombinant viruses against recombinant NL4-3 viruses. We report that in advanced disease (CD4 counts <100 cells/µl), T cell responses narrow, with a relative decline in Gag-directed responses (p<0.0001). This is associated with preserved selection pressure at specific viral amino acids (e.g., the T242N polymorphism within the HLA-B*57/5801 restricted TW10 epitope), but with reversion at other sites (e.g., the T186S polymorphism within the HLA-B*8101 restricted TL9 epitope), most notably in Gag and suggestive of "immune relaxation". The median VRC from patients with CD4 counts <100 cells/µl was higher than from patients with CD4 counts ≥ 500 cells/µl (91.15% versus 85.19%, p = 0.0004), potentially explaining the rise in viral load associated with disease progression. Mutations at HIV Gag T186S and T242N reduced VRC, however, in advanced disease only the T242N mutants demonstrated increasing VRC, and were associated with compensatory mutations (p = 0.013). These data provide novel insights into the mechanisms of HIV disease progression in South Africa. Restoration of fitness correlates with loss of viral control in late disease, with evidence for both preserved and relaxed selection pressure across the HIV genome. Interventions that maintain viral fitness costs could potentially slow progression.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Experience in implementing the OpenMRS medical record system to support HIV treatment in Rwanda.
- Author
-
Allen C, Jazayeri D, Miranda J, Biondich PG, Mamlin BW, Wolfe BA, Seebregts C, Lesh N, Tierney WM, and Fraser HS
- Subjects
- Developing Countries, HIV Infections drug therapy, Humans, Information Management, Internet, Kenya, Rwanda, Software, HIV Infections therapy, Medical Records Systems, Computerized
- Abstract
The challenge of scaling up HIV treatment in Africa has led to a new emphasis on improving health systems in impoverished areas. One aspect of this is the development and deployment of electronic medical record systems to support HIV and TB treatment. In this paper we describe the design and implementation of a new medical record architecture to support an HIV treatment program in rural Rwanda. The architecture is called OpenMRS and it has been developed to address the problem of configuring EMR systems to suit new sites, languages and diseases. OpenMRS uses a data dictionary called the concept dictionary to represent all the possible data items that can be collected. This allows new items to be added to the system by non-programmers. In addition, there are form creation tools that use drag and drop web technologies to simplify form construction. The OpenMRS system was first implemented in Kenya in February 2006 and then in Rwanda in August 2006. The system is now functioning well and we are developing extensions to improve the support for the clinic. These include improved, easy to use reporting tools, support for additional clinical problems including nutrition and child health, better database synchronization tools, and modules to collect laboratory data and support the pharmacy. The system is also in use in South Africa and Lesotho and is being deployed in Tanzania and Uganda.
- Published
- 2007
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