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The Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) method is an additive technology that is used for the creation of prototypes within Rapid Prototyping (RP) as well as for the creation of final components in piece or small-series production. The possibility of using FFF technology in the creation of final products requires knowledge of the properties of the material and, at the same time, how these properties change due to degradation effects. In this study, the mechanical properties of the selected materials (PLA, PETG, ABS, and ASA) were tested in their non-degenerate state and after exposure of the samples to the selected degradation factors. For the analysis, which was carried out by the tensile test and the Shore D hardness test, samples of normalized shape were prepared. The effects of UV radiation, high temperature environments, high humidity environments, temperature cycles, and exposure to weather conditions were monitored. The parameters obtained from the tests (tensile strength and Shore D hardness) were statistically evaluated, and the influence of degradation factors on the properties of individual materials was assessed. The results showed that even between individual manufacturers of the same filament there are differences, both in the mechanical properties and in the behavior of the material after exposure to degradation effects., Metoda Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF) je aditivní technologie, která se používá pro tvorbu prototypů v rámci Rapid Prototyping (RP) i pro tvorbu finálních komponent v kusové nebo malosériové výrobě. Možnost využití technologie FFF při tvorbě finálních výrobků vyžaduje znalost vlastností materiálu a současně i toho, jak se tyto vlastnosti mění v důsledku degradačních účinků. V této studii byly testovány mechanické vlastnosti vybraných materiálů (PLA, PETG, ABS a ASA) v nedegenerovaném stavu a po vystavení vzorků vybraným degradačním faktorům. Pro analýzu, která byla provedena tahovou zkouškou a zkouškou tvrdosti podle Shorea D, byly připraveny vzorky normalizovaného tvaru. Byl sledován vliv UV záření, prostředí s vysokou teplotou, prostředí s vysokou vlhkostí, teplotních cyklů a vystavení povětrnostním podmínkám. Parametry získané ze zkoušek (pevnost v tahu a tvrdost Shore D) byly statisticky vyhodnoceny a byl posouzen vliv degradačních faktorů na vlastnosti jednotlivých materiálů. Výsledky ukázaly, že i mezi jednotlivými výrobci stejného vlákna existují rozdíly, a to jak v mechanických vlastnostech, tak v chování materiálu po vystavení degradačním vlivům.

Drilling into the solid material is one of the basic technological operations, which creates a cylindrical hole in an appropriate time with required quality. Drilling operation demands a favourable removal of chips from the cutting area because a creation of an undesirable shape of chips can impart a lower quality of the drilled hole corresponding with the generation of excess heat due to the intense contact of the chip with drill. The solution for a proper machining is a suitable modification of the drill geometry i.e., point and clearance angles as presented in current study. The tested drills are made of M35 high-speed steel characterized by a very thin core at the point of the drill. An interesting feature of the drills is the use of cutting speed higher than 30 m min(-1), with the feed of 0.2 mm per revolution. The surface roughness (Ra and Rz lower than 1 mu m and 6 mu m respectively), cylindricity (0.045 mm), roundness (0.025 mm), perpendicularity of the hole axis (0.025 mm), diameters and position of the individual holes were achieved for a drill with point angle 138.32 degrees and clearance angle 6.92 respectively. The increase of the drill point angle by 6 degrees resulted in the decrease in the feed force of more than 150 N. In addition, an increase of the clearance angle by 1 degrees resulted with a decrease in the feed force of 70 N. The results of the experiment showed that with the correct geometry of the tool the effective machining without using internal cooling can be realised.

This paper deals with the study of high-strength M300 maraging steel produced using the selective laser melting method. Heat treatment consists of solution annealing and subsequent aging; the influence of the selected aging temperatures on the final mechanical properties-microhardness and compressive yield strength-and the structure of the maraging steel are described in detail. The microstructure of the samples is examined using optical and electron microscopy. The compressive test results show that the compressive yield strength increased after heat treatment up to a treatment temperature of 480 degrees C and then gradually decreased. The sample aged at 480 degrees C also exhibited the highest observed microhardness of 562 HV. The structure of this sample changed from the original melt pools to a relatively fine-grained structure with a high fraction of high-angle grain boundaries (72%).

Incineration is currently the standard way of disposing of municipal waste. It uses components protected by high-temperature-resistant layers of materials, such as Inconel alloys. Therefore, the objective of the current paper is to study the mechanical properties and structure of a bimetallic Inconel 625-16Mo3 steel tube. The Inconel 625 layer was 3.5 mm thick and was applied to the surface of the tube with a wall thickness of 7 mm via the cold metal transfer method. The bimetallic tube was bent using a supercritical bend (d <= 0.7D). This paper is focused on the investigation of the material changes in the Inconel 625 layer areas influenced by the maximum tensile and compressive stresses after the bend. The change in layer thickness after the bend was evaluated and compared to the non-deformed tube. In addition, the local mechanical properties (nanohardness, Young modulus) across the indicated interfacial areas using quasistatic nanoindentation were investigated. Subsequently, a thorough microstructure observation was carried out in areas with maximum tensile and compressive stresses to determine changes in the morphology and size of dendrites related to the effect of tensile or compressive stresses induced by bending. It was found that the grain featured a stretched secondary dendrite axis in the area of tensile stress, but compressive stress imparted a prolongation of the primary dendrite axis.

Within the herein presented research, we studied the applicability of flax fabrics for composite parts in personal watercrafts in order to enhance damping of vibrations from the engine and noise reduction (which is relatively high for contemporary carbon constructions). Since the composite parts are intended to be exposed to humid environments requiring high levels of mechanical properties, a carbon–flax composite was selected. Samples of carbon, fiberglass, flax, and hybrid carbon–flax twill and biax fabrics were subjected to tensile and three-point bending tests. The mechanical properties were also tested after exposure of the samples to a humid environment. Damping was assessed by vibration and noise measurements directly on the complete float for samples as well as real parts. The hybrid carbon–flax material exhibited lower values of tensile strength than the carbon material (760 MPa compared to 463 MPa), but, at the same time, significantly higher than the other tested materials, or flax itself (115 MPa for a twill fabric). A similar trend in the results was observed for the three-point bending tests. Vibration tests and noise measurements showed reductions in vibration amplitude and frequency when using the carbon–flax hybrid material; the frequency response function for the watercraft part assembled from the hybrid material was 50% lower than for that made of carbon. Testing of samples located in a humid environment showed the necessity of surface treatment to prevent moisture absorption (mechanical properties were reduced at minimum by 28%). The tests confirmed that the hybrid material is satisfactory in terms of strength and its contribution to noise and vibration damping.

The article is a result of investigations which deals with the phase transformations of tool steel X155CrMoV12. The experimental data obtained was used to evaluate the resulting Continuous Cooling Transform (CCT) diagram, which consists of seven dilation curves. All experimental samples from dilatometric analyzes were then subjected to microstructural analyzes and hardness measurements to characterize the microstructure and hardness for each heat treatment mode tested. Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) microscopy was also used to study the carbides present in steels and their size and shape for all selected cooling modes., Příspěvek je výsledkem výzkumu, který se zabývá fázovými přeměnami nástrojové oceli X155CrMoV12. Získaná experimentální data byla použita k vyhodnocení výsledného diagramu kontinuální chladicí transformace (CCT), který se skládá ze sedmi dilatačních křivek. Všechny experimentální vzorky z dilatometrických analýz byly následně podrobeny mikrostrukturním analýzám a měřením tvrdosti s cílem charakterizovat mikrostrukturu a tvrdost pro každý testovaný způsob tepelného zpracování. Mikroskopie atomárních sil (AFM) byla rovněž použita ke studiu karbidů přítomných v ocelích a jejich velikosti a tvaru pro všechny vybrané režimy chlazení.

The article deals with phase transformations and austenitizing behavior of the X155CrMoV12 tool steel. Dilatation analyses of a series of samples were performed at various cooling rates, chosen in the range from 10 °C/s to 0,1° C/s. Acquired experimental data were used for evaluation of dilatometric curves in order to map the temperature ranges of phase transformations of the austenite to pearlite, bainite or martensite. All experimental samples from dilatometric analyses were then subjected to microstructural analyses and hardness measurements to characterize the microstructure and hardness for each tested heat treatment regime., Příspěvek se zabývá fázovými přeměnami a austenitizačním chováním nástrojové oceli X155CrMoV12. Byly provedeny dilatační analýzy řady vzorků při různých rychlostech ochlazování, zvolených v rozmezí od 10 °C/s do 0,1 °C/s. Získaná experimentální data byla použita pro vyhodnocení dilatometrických křivek s cílem zmapovat teplotní rozsahy fázových přeměn austenitu na perlit, bainit nebo martenzit. Všechny experimentální vzorky z dilatometrických analýz byly následně podrobeny mikrostrukturním analýzám a měřením tvrdosti, aby se charakterizovala mikrostruktura a tvrdost pro každý testovaný režim tepelného zpracování.

The influence of plasma nitriding and gas nitriding processes on the change of surface roughness and dimensional accuracy of 42CrMo4 steel was investigated in this paper. Both processes almost always led to changes in the surface texture. After plasma nitriding, clusters of nitride ions were formed on the surface of steel, while gas nitriding very often led to the new creation of a formation of a “plate-like” surface texture. In both cases of these processes, a compound layer in specific thickness was formed, although the parameters of the processes were chosen with the aim of suppressing it. After the optimizing of nitriding parameters during nitriding processes, it was found that there were no changes in the surface roughness evaluated using the Ra parameter. However, it turned out that when using a multi-parameter evaluation of roughness (the parameters Rz, Rsk and Rku were used), there were presented some changes in roughness due to nitriding processes, which affect the functional behavior of the components. Roughness changes were also detected by evaluating surface roughness profiles, where nitriding led to changes in peak heights and valley depths. Nitriding processes further led to changes in dimensions in the form of an increase of 0.032 mm on average. However, the magnitude of the change has some context on chemical composition of material. A larger increase in dimensions was found with gas nitriding. The change in the degree of IT accuracy is closely related to the change in dimension. For both processes, there was a change of one degree of IT accuracy compared to the ground part (from IT8 to IT9). On the basis of the achieved dimensional accuracy results, a coefficient of change in the degree of accuracy IT was created, which can be used to predict changes in the dimensional accuracy of ground surfaces after nitriding processes in degrees of accuracy IT3–IT10. In this study, a tool for predicting changes in degrees of accuracy of ground parts after nitrid

The presented article deals with the determination of selected mechanical properties of additive materials used for 3D printing (PETG, PLA, ABS, ABS +, PLA ESD, ASA, PC / ABS). Due to the fact that 3D printing has exploded over recent years and additive manufacturing has become popular in some industries, the quality of input materials and their mechanical properties is extremely important. We used 3D printer Original Prusa MK3 to prepare samples for testing. Individual samples printed from all above mentioned materials were analyzed using selected mechanical tests (static tensile test, hardness tests). In the static tensile test, selected parameters (tensile strength limit, tensile modulus, elongation) were determined for all additive samples, which were statistically processed. The parameters for two methods of measuring hardness were also statistically evaluated, namely Shore and ball indentation. All tested additive materials were compared with the aim of obtaining the final ranking (point evaluation of tested materials with quantification of price costs). The best properties after the performed tests were achieved by the additive material PLA Filament Plasty Mladec.

The surface created by machining significantly affects the service life and functional reliability of the component. As part of this study, four different chip machining technologies were evaluated on the surface texture of the polymer material Ertacetal C. The samples were processed by turning, milling, grinding and polishing technologies, 5 samples for each technology. Within the given technology, different cutting conditions were chosen to compare the effect of cutting conditions on the resulting surface roughness. The machined surfaces were comprehensively evaluated on the basis of 16 profile and surface roughness parameters due to the practical use of the tested material. Surface texture measurements were performed on a Talysurf CCI Lite device. A non-contact method using a coherence correlation interferometer was used for the measurement. The obtained data were evaluated using TalyMap Platinum software. Graphical documentation of the machined surfaces was made using an Olympus DSX500 optodigital metallographic microscope.

Vertical graphene, which belongs to nanomaterials, is a very promising tool for improving the useful properties of long-used and proven materials. Since the growth of vertical graphene is different on each base material and has specific deposition setting parameters, it is necessary to examine each base material separately. For this reason, a full factor design of experiment was performed with 2(6) = 64 rounds, which contained additional 5 central points, i.e., a total of 69 rounds of individual experiments, which was to examine the effect of input factors Temperature, Pressure, Flow, CH4, Plasma Power, and Annealing in H-2 on the growth of vertical graphene on aluminum alloy AlCu4Mg. The deposition was performed using plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (PECVD) technology. Mainly, the occurrence of graphene was analyzed, which was confirmed by Raman spectroscopy, as well as its thickness. The characterization was performed using electron and transmission microscopy, including an atomic force microscope. It was found that the growth of graphene occurred in 7 cases and its thickness is affected only by the interaction flow (sccm) x pretreatment H-2 (sccm)., Vertikální grafen patřící mezi nanomateriály, je velmi slibným nástrojem pro zlepšení užitných vlastností dlouhodobě používaných a praxí ověřených materiálů. Vzhledem k tomu, že růst vertikálního grafenu je na každém základním materiálu odlišný a má specifické parametry nastavení depozice, je nezbytné zkoumat každý základní materiál zvlášť. Z toho důvodu byl proveden plný faktorový plánovaný experiment s 26= 64 koly, který obsahoval navíc 5 centrálních bodů, tedy celkem 69 kol jednotlivých experimentů, který měl zkoumat vliv vstupních faktorů Teplota, Tlak, Průtok, CH4, Výkon plasmatu a Žíhání v H2 na růst vertikálního grafenu na hliníkové slitině AlCu4Mg. Depozice byla prováděna užitím technologie plazmou zesílená depozice z plynné fáze (PECVD). Analyzován byl především výskyt grafenu, který byl potvrzen pomocí Ramanovy spektroskopie a také jeho tloušťka. Charakterizace byla provedena užitím elektronové a transmisní mikroskopie včetně mikroskopu atomárních sil. Bylo zjištěno, že na růst grafenu nastal v 7mi případech a jeho tloušťku ovlivňuje pouze interakce Flow (sccm)*Pretreatment H2 (sccm).

This study investigated the possibility of nitride NiTi instruments using low-temperature plasma nitriding technology in a standard industrial device. Changes in the properties and fatigue life of used NiTi instruments before and after low-temperature nitriding application were investigated and compared. Nontreated and two series of plasma-nitrided NiTi instruments, designed by Mtwo company with tip sizes of 10/.04 taper, 15/.05 taper, and 20/.06 taper, were experimentally tested in this study. All these instruments were used and discarded from clinical use. The instruments were tested in an artificial canal made of stainless steel with an inner diameter of 1.5 mm, a 60° angle of curvature, and a radius of curvature of 3 mm. A low-temperature plasma nitriding process was used for the surface treatment of dental files using two different processes: 550 °C for 20 h, and 470 °C for 4 h. The results proved that it is possible to nitride dental instruments made of NiTi with a low-temperature plasma nitriding process. Promising results were achieved in trial testing by NiTi instruments nitrided at a higher temperature. Plasma-nitrided files were found to have, in some cases, significantly higher values than nontreated files in terms of fatigue life. The results showed that the nitriding process offers promising possibilities for suitably modified surface properties and quality of surface layer of NiTi instruments. Within the limitations of the present study, the cyclic fatigue life of plasma-nitrided NiTi dental files can be increased using this surface technology., Tato studie zkoumala možnost nitridových NiTi nástrojů využívajících nízkoteplotní plazmovou nitridační technologii ve standardním průmyslovém zařízení. Byly zkoumány a porovnávány změny vlastností a únavové životnosti použitých NiTi nástrojů před a po aplikaci nitridace při nízkých teplotách.

This paper deals with material and dimensional bending analysis of bimetallic pipes with defined bending radii. Basic characteristics of selected nickel superalloys with analysis of Inconel 625 and 16Mo3 steel in terms of primary mechanical properties and chemical composition are presented. The practical part where the bimetallic tube is analyzed in terms of material properties is also performed geometric dimensional analysis, for which test specimens with different bending radii are made., Předložený příspěvek se zabývá materiálovou a rozměrovou analýzou bimetalového trubkového oblouku s definovanými poloměry ohybu. Teoretická část příspěvku byla zaměřena na základní charakteristiku vybraných niklových superslitin s rozborem materiálu Inconel 625 a oceli 16Mo3 z pohledu primárních mechanických vlastností a chemického složení. Praktická část příspěvku charakterizuje bimetalový trubkový oblouk s prodlouženými konci s ohybem 1D z hlediska materiálových analýz, zejména analýzy chemického složení, struktury materiálů, mikrotvrdosti a přítomnosti trhlin.

One of the key components in making Industry 4.0 a reality includes machines that are able to produce re-quired products and components faster, more precisely and more flexibly than ever before based on so-called reverse engineering technology. Reverse engineering is a technology which enables rapid acquisition of data for CAD, CAM, CAE, thereby greatly shortening the development, design and fabrication of parts. In general, analog data is converted to digital data, which is further processed. The paper deals with the analysis of prototype models of disc milling cutters with different blade profiles. The inspection of the shape of the disc-type prototypes is based on the reading of the digitized reference CAD model (workpiece with machined grooves), the subsequent positioning of the digitized protrusions of the disc mill cutters (milling cutter with edge profile 1, milling cutter with edge profile 8) with respect to this reference CAD model, creating a colour map of the deviations at the selected points. The aim of the paper was to analyse the resulting wear (deviation of the dimensions at selected points) on the prototype of the disc milling cutters with the profiles of the blades 1 and 8, which was simplified on the workpiece with the machined profiles of the grooves 1 to 4. © 2021 Manufacturing Technology. All Rights Reserved.

Cutting tools have long been coated with an AlCrN hard coating system that has good mechanical and tribological qualities. Boron (B) and vanadium (V) additions to AlCrN coatings were studied for their mechanical and tribological properties. Cathodic multi-arc evaporation was used to successfully manufacture the AlCrBN and AlCrVN coatings. These multicomponent coatings were applied to the untreated and plasma-nitrided surfaces of HS6-5-2 and H13 steels, respectively. Nanoindentation and Vickers micro-hardness tests were used to assess the mechanical properties of the materials. Ball-on-flat wear tests with WC-Co balls as counterparts were used to assess the friction-wear capabilities. Nanoindentation tests demonstrated that AlCrBN coating has a higher hardness (HIT 40.9 GPa) than AlCrVN coating (39.3 GPa). Steels’ wear resistance was significantly increased by a hybrid treatment that included plasma nitriding and hard coatings. The wear volume was 3% better for the AlCrBN coating than for the AlCrVN coating on H13 nitrided steel, decreasing by 89% compared to the untreated material. For HS6-5-2 steel, the wear volume was almost the same for both coatings but decreased by 77% compared to the untreated material. Boron addition significantly improved the mechanical, tribological, and adhesive capabilities of the AlCrN coating. © 2021 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

The presented paper deals with the influence of coloring additives and the setting of process parameters of 3D printing on the mechanical and surface properties of samples made of PLA material. The paper characterizes the process of filament production, as well as the printing of normalized samples on a 3D printer using the additive method Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF). The effect of 3 types of coloring additives is evaluated on the basis of tensile test, hardness test and surface analysis. The evaluated quantities are especially loading force, yield stress, hardness, surface texture, roughness and waviness. The influence of the percentage of sample filling with respect to the mechanical properties of the material is also evaluated. The paper is completed assessing achievements of the results achieved and an overall recommendation for filament manufacturers and users of 3D printers. © 2021, MM publishing Ltd.. All rights reserved.

In this work, the influence of material type and sample fill density was evaluated. One PLA material was tested. Test specimens having different fill structure and density were printed from this material. Full honeycomb and gyroid shapes were used for the fill structure. The specimens had four different fill percentages for each structure: 10%, 25%, 50% and 75%. These bodies were compared to samples that were printed with 100% fill. Tensile test was performed on printed test pieces. The Zwick / Roell Z100 was used for testing and the surface hardness of the test specimens was measured by the Shore D method on a DIGI-Test II hardness tester. Fracture surfaces were evaluated on an Olympus DSX 500 optodigital microscope. The results showed that the shape of the fill did not signifi-cantly affect the values obtained by the tensile test. The hardness measurement results showed a different hardness on the bottom surface that was in contact with the printing pad and the top printing surface. Fractographic analysis revealed different types of fracture surfaces related to the printed fill structure. © 2021 Manufacturing Technology. All rights reserved.

The presented paper deals with the design of a knee simulator that uses pin-on-ball configuration, ie cartilage and CoCrMo head. The translational motion consists of the cartilage and the rotating head when the load of the articulating pair is derived. The simulator meets the predetermined kinematic conditions according to the ISO 14243-3 standard, including dynamic loading., Předložený příspěvek se zabývá návrhem kolenního simulátoru, který využívá konfigutaci pin-on-ball, tedy chrupavku a CoCrMo hlavici. Translační pohyb tvoří chrupavka a rotační hlavice při vyvození zatížení artikulující dvojice. Simulátor splňuje předem stanovené kinematické podmínky dle normy ISO 14243-3 včetně dynamického zatěžování.

Nowadays, a fused deposition modelling (also called “FDM”) belongs to one of the most widespread additive methods of 3D print. It allows producing both models for functional verification or casts and functional components. The main advantage of this technology is an option to produce complex components of a difficult shape independent of their outer and inner surfaces. Moreover, this mentioned technology brings the decreasing of production costs in comparison with the other well-known additive methods. The final quality of a product depends on the used material and on technological conditions at the same time. The number of parameters and limits of the complete printing process is enormous. The choice of the individual parameters by a trial-and-error procedure is very time-consuming. Therefore, a use of linear optimization for finding of optimal values of chosen print parameters can be offered. For forming of the required procedures, it seems to be necessary to choose structural variables, find an appropriate objective function and deduce properly limiting conditions in a linear shape, which relates to a linear measurement. The final solution enables, on the basis of the selected initial conditions, to choose optimal parameters of the 3D print for a given material and production equipment in a relatively short period.

This paper describes changes observed in bearing steel due to roller burnishing. Hydrostatic roller burnishing was selected as the most suitable method for performing roller burnishing on hardened bearing steel. The hydrostatic roller burnishing operation was applied as an additional operation after standard finishing operations. All tests were performed on samples of 100Cr6 material (EN 10132-4), and changes in the surface layer of the workpiece were then evaluated. Several simulations using finite element methods were used to obtain the best possible default parameters for the tests. The residual stress and the plastic deformation during roller burnishing were major parameters that were tested., Tento článek popisuje změny pozorované v ložiskové oceli po aplikaci válečkování. Jako nejvhodnější metoda bylo vybráno Hydrostatické válečkování aplikované na kalené ložiskové oceli. Operace válečkování byla použita jako další operace po standardní dokončovací operaci. Všechny testy byly provedeny na vzorcích 100Cr6 materiálu (EN 10132-4), následně byly v povrchové vrstvě obrobku vyhodnoceny změny vlastností. Několik simulaci využívající metod konečných prvků bylo použito k získání co nejlepší výchozích parametrů pro testy. Zbytkové napětí a plastická deformace po válečkování byly hlavními parametry, které byly testovány.

Unconventional methods of modern materials preparation include additive technologies which involve the sintering of powders of different chemical composition, granularity, physical, chemical and other utility properties. The technology called Rapid Prototyping, which uses different technological principles of producing components, belongs to this type of material preparation. The Rapid Prototyping technology facilities use photopolymers, thermoplastics, specially treated paper or metal powders. The advantage is the direct production of metal parts from input data and the fact that there is no need for the production of special tools (moulds, press tools, etc.). Unused powder from sintering technologies is re-used for production 98% of the time, which means that the process is economical, as well as ecological., K nekonvenčním moderním metodám přípravy materiálů patří zejména tzv. aditivní technologie, které zahrnují slinování prášků různého chemického složení, zrnitosti, fyzikálních, chemických i jiných užitných vlastností. Do této oblasti přípravy materiálů se řadí tzv. technologie Rapid Prototyping (RP), které využívají různých technologických principů ke zhotovení součástí. Podle použité technologie se v zařízeních Rapid Prototyping používají fotopolymery, termoplasty, speciálně upravený papír nebo kovové prášky. Jejich velkou výhodou je přímá výroba kovových dílů ze vstupních dat a dále fakt, že odpadá potřeba výrobního nářadí (forem, lisovacích nástrojů, atd.). U technologie práškového spékání je nespotřebovaný prášek z 98% znovu využíván pro výrobu, tzn. že proces je ekonomický a zároveň ekologický.

Bakalářská práce se zabývá verifikací vybraných zkušebních metod. V úvodu popisuje třídy požáru, poté se zabývá jednotlivými hasebními prostředky, stručně představí Technický ústav požární ochrany. Dále popisuje zkoušky hasiv. Pro jednotlivé metody byly navrženy měření k ověření metody pro danou zkoušku. Na základě výsledků těchto měření bude učiněn závěr, zda je uvedená metoda pro danou zkoušku vyhotovující., This bachelor thesis is focused on verification of selected test methods. The introduction describes the classes of fire, then deals with various extinguishing agents, introduces Technical Institute of Fire Protection. It also describes the tests extinguishing. For each method were designed to verify the measurement methods for the test. The results of these measurements will be concluding, whether this method is suitable for the test., Import 26/06/2013

Projekt vypracovaný v rámci inženýrského studia, řeší problematiku výroby prototypu automobilu pomocí moderní technologie reverzního inženýrství a aplikace CAD/CAM. Na základě literární studie dané problematiky, byl navržen postup digitalizace fyzického modelu automobilu, včetně jeho úpravy a zpracování získaných dat. Navazujícím krokem bylo ověření výroby modelu aditivní technologií rapid prototyping – metodou FDM. Verifikace dosažených výsledků byla provedena na konzolové vertikální frézce FV 25 CNC, s řídicím systémem Heidenhain iTNC 530 s využitím obráběcích strategií pomocí CAM software PowerMILL. Na závěr byly vzniklé modely dle potřeby upraveny., The project developed under the engineering studies, solves the problem of production of a prototype car using modern technology, reverse engineering and CAD / CAM. Based on the literary study of the issue, was designed process of digitization of the physical model of car, including the treatment and processing of data. Follow-up step was to verify the production of the additive rapid prototyping technology - FDM method. Verification of the results was performed on a vertical milling cantilever FV 25 CNC with control system Heidenhain iTNC 530 using a cutting strategies by PowerMILL CAM software. At the end of the resulting models edit as necessary.

Cílem této bakalářské práce je návrh a výroba prototypu dvoudílného univerzálního držáku na vysoušeče vlasů značky ETA. Držák je navrhnut ve 3D CAD systému Autodesk Inventor a vyroben pomocí technologie Rapid Prototyping, metodou Fused Deposition Modeling. Z vyrobeného prototypu většího vzhledového dílu je vytvořena silikonová forma a odlitek z pryskyřice. V závěru práce je zhodnocení obou metod při výrobě prototypů po technicko-ekonomické stránce. Postup návrhu a výroby prototypu oběma metodami je zdokumentován a popsán. Práce obsahuje historii firmy ETA, a.s., stručnou charakteristiku metody Fused Deposition Modeling a technologie odlitku ze silikonové formy. Prototypy budou využity v dalším vývoji držáků pro vysoušeče vlasů značky ETA., Aim of this bachelor work is to design and produce two-part universal holder of ETA hair dryers. Holder is designed in 3D CAD system Autodesk Inventor and is produced by Rapid Prototyping technology using Fused Deposition method. From existing Fused Deposition Modeling prototype of bigger visual part is made silicon mold and cast from resin. There is evaluation of both methods considering technical-economical aspects in the end of my work. Process of design and production using both methods is documented and described. My work includes history of ETA, a.s. company, characteristics of Fused Deposition Modeling method and technology of casting to silicon mold. Prototypes will be used for further development of holders for ETA´s hair dryers.

Diplomová práce se zabývá strojírenskou technologií protahování. První část zahrnuje pojednání o protahování, nástrojích k protahování a strojích. Dále je přiblížen nový protahovací stroj, na kterém je proces prováděn. Druhá část zahrnuje sběr, analýzu a porovnání dat, které byly získány z protahovacího stroje od firmy Stenhoj Hydraulik a/s a stávajícího stroje od firmy Arpini S.r.l., během protahování nebo v jeho důsledku. Měření ukazují, že se vzrůstajícím počtem obrobených kusů roste řezná síla a zhoršuje se kvalita povrchu vlivem opotřebení nástroje, které bylo rovněž sledováno. Dále byl sledován rozměr přes kuličku, který je požadován od zákazníka, výsledky jsou téměř konstantní. Na závěr bylo zhodnoceno ekonomické stanovisko procesu., This master's thesis deals with the broaching technology. Theoretical part includes the essay about the technology, tools and machines used for broaching. Theoretical part also describes the analysis of the broaching machine testing. Practical part is focused on the collecting, comparing and analysis of the data. These data have been collected during and after the broaching process. The supplier of the new analysed broaching machine is Stenhoj Hydraulik and the older machine has been made by Arpini. The measurements show that the increased number of broached pieces influence the cutting force and the quality of the surface due to wear of the tool which has been also monitored. The measuring dimension through the ball is almost constant. In the conclusion we evaluated the economical aspect of the results.

Diplomová práce se zabývá návrhem konstrukce zubní náhrady s využitím CAD programu a následnou výrobou pomocí pětiosého obráběcího stroje. V teoretické části práce je uvedena charakteristika a rozbor materiálů pro výrobu konstrukcí zubních náhrad. Praktická část práce se mimo jiné zabývá digitalizací části ústní dutiny pacienta s použitím moderní technologie skenování intraorálním skenerem Trios. Získaná data sloužila pro návrh příslušné konstrukce zubní náhrady pomocí programu 3shape dental system – DentalDesigner 2015. Práce se dále zabývá výrobou konstrukce zubní náhrady pomocí pětiosého obráběcího stroje a dokončovacími operacemi, které vedly k finální podobě zubní náhrady. Práce je ukončena diskusí, která obsahuje souhrn výsledků z praktické části od samotného zavedení dentálního implantátu po aplikaci zhotovené konstrukce zubní náhrady do ústní dutiny pacienta., This thesis deals with a CAD programmed construction design of dental prosthetics and its subsequent production by means of a five axis machine tool. In the theoretical part of the thesis one can find characteristics and analysis of materials designed for a production of dental prosthetics constructions. Among other things, the practical part of the thesis follows up digitization of a patient´s oral cavity part with the use of Trios intraoral scanner representing the latest scanning technology. The obtained data created a basis for a design of the respective dental prosthetics construction using the shape dental system programme called DentalDesigner 2015. Furthermore, the paper deals with a production of a dental prosthetics construction by means of a five axis machine tool and pursues completion works which resulted in the prosthetics final shape. The paper is concluded with discussion comprising a summary of results acquired in the practical part beginning from dental implant introduction to insertion of the made prosthetics construction into the patient´s oral cavity.

Cieľom bakalárskej práce bol návrh, výroba a montáž prototypu skenovacieho prípravku. Každý diel prípravku bol skonštruovaný v 3D modelovacom prostredí Autodesk Inventor. K výrobe plastových častí bola použitá aditívna technológia Fused Deposition Modeling, s tlačiarňou uPrint. Súčasťou práce bolo teoretické oboznámenie sa s poznatkami z oblastí prípravkov a aditívnej technológie Rapid Prototyping. V experimentálnej časti bola postupne rozoberaná problematika konštrukcie, modelovania, výroby a montáže. Práca bola ukončená diskusiou., The object of the bachelor thesis was the design, manufacture and construction in progress of a prototype scanning appliance. Each part of appliance was manufactured in 3D modelling environs Autodesk Inventor. For plastic parts construction was used additive technology Fused Deposition Modeling, with a printer uPrint. A part of thesis was teoretical familiarization of knowledge from the appliances and additive technology Rapid Prototyping area. A part of experimentation was consecutive solving mechanical design, modelling, manufacturing and construction issues. The ending of the thesis was consisted of discussion.

Cílem této práce je provést simulaci průběhu řezných sil při frézování válcovou frézou. Úvodní část práce je věnována technologii frézování, nástrojům pro frézování a řezným materiálům. Další část práce je zaměřena na kinematiku řezného procesu, teoretický rozbor silových poměrů, možnosti měření silových účinků. Obecné informace o programovacím softwaru, teoretický model simulace, grafické prostředí vytvořené aplikace, jsou dalšími body této práce. Součástí práce je také vyhodnocení experimentálně naměřených hodnot a porovnání s hodnotami získanými z vytvořené aplikace., To make a simulation of cutting force during milling process with cilindrical cutter is the aim of this diploma thesis. Preliminary part is devoted to technology of milling, milling cutters and cutting materials. The next section is aimed at kinematics of the cutting process, a theoretical analysis of power proportion, the possibility of measurement of force actions. General information about the programming software, a theoretical simulation model, graphical environment of created application, are the other points of this diploma thesis. The work also includes evaluation of the experimentally measured values and compared with values obtained from the created application.