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Background: Nasal septum deviation might disrupt the integrity of nasal septum components, resulting in deformity. Such changes might affect the morphology of adjacent structures. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the dimensions of the palate in subjects with and without nasal septum deviation on cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in an Iranian population. Methods: In the present cross-sectional study, the CBCT images of subjects with and without nasal septum deviation were evaluated in two groups (n=107) referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Tabriz Faculty of Dentistry in 2017. The presence or absence of nasal septum deviation and its severity were evaluated in association with palatal dimensions. Data were analyzed by SPSS. Independent samples t test was used to compare the dimensions of the palate. Finally, the Mann-Whitney U test was employed to compare palatal arch depth (PAD)/palatal interalveolar length (PIL) ratios. Results: There were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of the palatal depth (P=0.967), palatal width (P=0.223), and palatal depth/palatal width ratio (P=0.644). However, the results demonstrated significant differences in palatal depth (P

Aim: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between clinical findings and some factors such as age, gender, and remaining teeth on the anatomy of the temporomandibular joint in order to diagnose normal variations from abnormal cases. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images of 144 patients referring to Tabriz Dental School for various reasons were selected and evaluated. The different aspects of the clinical parameters and the morphology of the condyle were evaluated on coronal, axial, and sagittal views. The CBCT prepared using the axial cross-sections had been 0.5 mm in thickness. The sagittal cross-sections had been evaluated perpendicular to the lengthy axis of the condyle at a thickness of 1 mm and the coronal cross-sections had been evaluated parallel to the lengthy axis of the condyle at a thickness of 1 mm. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistical methods and t-test, chi-squared test, using SPSS 20. The significance level of the study was p < 0.05. Results: There was a significant relationship between the condyle morphology, number of the teeth, and mastication side (p = 0.040). There were significant relationships between the condyle morphology, age between 20-40, and occlusion class I on the all the three views (coronal, axial, sagittal) (p = 0.04), (p = 0.006), (p = 0.006). Also, significant relationships were found in the condyle morphology and location of pain according to age, the number of remaining teeth, and gender. (p = 0.046) (p = 0.027) (p = 0.035). Conclusion: There are significant relationships between the clinical symptoms and condyle morphology based on age, gender, and the number of remaining teeth. The clinical finding that has the most significant relationship between the condyle morphology, remaining teeth (9-16 teeth), all of the age range (20-80 year), and gender was mastication side.

Objectives: One of the most important problems of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) imaging technique is the presence of dense objects, such as implants, amalgam fillings, and metal veneers, which result in beam-hardening artifacts. With an increase in the application of CBCT images and considering the problems in relation to cupping artifacts, some algorithms have been presented to reduce these artifacts. The aim was to present an algorithm to eliminate cupping artifacts from axial and other reconstructed CBCT images. Materials and Methods: We used CBCT images of NewTom VG imaging system (Verona, Italy, at Dentistry Faculty, Medical Sciences University, Tabriz, Iran) in which every image has a resolution of 366 × 320 in DICOM format. 50 images of patients with cupping artifacts were selected. Using Sobel edge detector and nonlinear gamma correction coefficient, the difference was calculated between the density of axial images in the main image and the image resulting from nonlinear gamma correction at the exact location of the radiopaque dental materials detected by Sobel. The points at which this density difference was out of a definite limit were treated as image artifacts and were eliminated from the main image by the inpainting method. Results: The resultant axial images, for producing reconstructed cross-sectional, panoramic images without cupping artifacts, were imported into NTT viewer V5.6 and utilized. Conclusions: With comparison, acquired images observed that the offering algorithm is practical and effective for reducing the cupping artifacts and preserving the quality of the reconstructed images. This algorithm does not need any additional equipment.

Background Various factors such as aging, sex hormones and the distribution pattern of occlusal forces affect the morphology and osseous components of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Recognition of the effects of these factors on the anatomy of the area results in the differentiation of normal variations from abnormal cases. Objectives The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relationship between the condyle and other hard components of TMJ, and age, gender and the number of remaining teeth. Material and methods In the present descriptive-analytical study, a total of 145 cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images were evaluated. The condyle morphology, the thickness of the glenoid fossa roof, and the height and slope of the eminence were evaluated. Results There were significant differences between the right and left sides only in terms of the height of the articular eminence (p = 0.008 and p ≤ 0.001 on the right and left side, respectively). There were significant differences between both sides in the slope of articular eminence depending on the number of teeth (p = 0.01 and p = 0.008 on the right and left side, respectively). The height of the articular eminence on the left side differed significantly depending on age (p = 0.005) and the number of remaining teeth (p = 0.02). There were no significant differences in any other cases. Conclusions No significant relationship was found between the thickness of the glenoid fossa roof and the articular eminence, and the condyle morphology in all 3 cross-sections regarding gender, age and the number of remaining teeth.

Background. The present study was undertaken to compare the Hounsfield Unit (HU) in computed tomography (CT) with the gray level in CBCT in human tissues. Methods. In this study, 25 different soft and hard tissues were evaluated in 21 patients. CBCT images were taken with Newtom VGi machine (Verona, Italy) and CT images were prepared with Somatom Sensation unit (Siemens, Germany). The HU values of soft and hard tissues were compared with the gray level values of CBCT images. Results. There was a strong correlation between the HU in CT and the gray level in CBCT in soft tissues (P

Introduction One of the critical factors in identifying individuals is the relationship between the size of different parts of the body and the body height, which has been considered by forensic medicine investigators in the past two decades. Considering that canine teeth show the most important gender dimorphism among the teeth, this study aimed to determine the relationship between the body height and the length of canine teeth in terms of the jaw and gender using the cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and methods In this cross-sectional study, CBCT images of 133 patients referring to Tabriz Dental School for various reasons were selected and evaluated. The demographic characteristics of individuals, including age and gender, were recorded. Then the height of the subjects was measured in the standing position with the Frankfort plane parallel to the floor. Then the canine teeth were measured on the CBCT images. Data were analyzed with SPSS 17. The significance level of the study was P Results The mean length of canine teeth in the maxilla of males was 28.18 mm, with 25.84, 25.39 and 24.03 mm in the mandible of males, the maxilla of females and the mandible of females, respectively. The results of statistical analyses showed a significant difference between the mean length of canine in both genders and both the maxilla and mandible (P Conclusion In both genders, maxillary canines were longer than the mandibular canines. There was a correlation between the maxillary canine length and the height of the female subjects.

Background Excessive gingival display ≥4 mm is commonly referred to as a "gummy smile", which is caused by several different etiologies and can be corrected using various techniques. Therefore, the etiology of a gummy smile dictates the most appropriate treatment approach. Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the surgical lip repositioning technique (a full-thickness flap with a myotomy of the elevator muscles) in the management of a gummy smile in the range of 4-6 mm, caused by soft tissue disorders (short upper lip, hyperactive lip elevator muscles). Material and methods A prospective study was conducted between April 2016 and May 2017. Fourteen adult patients, aged 18-38 years, with a gummy smile of 4-6 mm, caused by soft tissue disorders were included in the study. All patients were treated by the surgical lip repositioning technique (a full-thickness flap with a myotomy of the elevator muscles) in the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery at Damascus University, Syria. The amount of gingival display in a full smile and complications after surgery were evaluated in the current study. Results The results were as follows: the mean amount of gingival display in a full smile was 6.36 mm preoperatively, after 1 month postoperatively - 0.91 mm, after 3 months - 2.27 mm, after 6 months - 2.45 mm. The post-surgery complications were as follows: the infection did not appear in any patient, flap dehiscence appeared in 2 patients (14.2%), numbness appeared in 9 patients (64.2%). Pain recurrences varied between mild pain in 5 patients (35.7%) and moderate pain in 3 patients (21.4%). Conclusions The proposed surgical lip repositioning technique showed effectiveness in reducing the amount of gingival display in a full smile through postoperative follow-up periods. All the postoperative complications are temporary and fade within a short period after the surgical procedure, making lip repositioning a safe surgical technique.