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The growth and development of urbanization and irregular migration have caused many problems in cities. These issues arose as a result of an imbalanced demand and supply in traffic facilities, resulting in congestion and fuel waste. This problem has explicitly emerged in Iran and is more explicit in Tehran, as its developing capital. One of the main traffic facilities that shows the demand and supply functions is the petrol station. This unbalance is more visible, particularly in Tehran's north, due to high residential density and high land prices. It means it is not possible or cost-effective to construct new stations. Thus, most of the time, long petrol queues waste energy and negatively affect the people in the line. Increasing prices is one of the proper solutions for managing demand to solve this problem, which has been suggested by traffic engineers in recent years. The current study collects data from users of petrol stations in the north of Tehran randomly via questionnaires using the stated preference method to show the sensitivity of price for them. This data is analyzed using SPSS, and the influence of gender, age, residence, education, occupation, car's value, users' threshold of tolerance, and time is investigated. Results show that in all these indices, time has great importance and it makes exceptions. When time is important to the user, he or she is willing to pay more. This is true regardless of the user's wealth, education, job, or place of residence.

Mosaddegh Sedghi, M. Upplevelser av att vårda cancerpatienter palliativt i hemmet: Sjukvårdspersonalens upplevelser. Examensarbete i omvårdnad 15 högskolepoäng. Malmö Universitet: Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle, institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2020. Bakgrund: Sjukvårdpersonalen har många olika arbetsuppgifter och ansvarsområden, ett av dessa är att vårda patienter palliativt. Det är fler och fler av de patienter som behöver palliativ vård som väljer att vårdas i sitt hem. Syfte: Syftet med litteraturstudien är att belysa hur sjukvårdpersonalen som vårdar palliativa cancerpatienter under hela palliativa fasen i patientens hem upplever detta. Metod: Systematiska sökningar gjordes där titlar, abstrakt och artiklar lästes i fulltext, innan tio kvalitativa empiriska studier valdes ut. Artiklarna som valts ut svarar mot syftet och stämmer med inklusionskriterierna. Inklusionskriterierna är sjukvårdpersonal som arbetar inom palliativ hemsjukvård, empiriska studier från hela världen samt artiklar i kvalitativ metod. Fri fulltext av artiklarna skulle finnas tillgänglig på MAU. De utvalda artiklarna är på engelska. 9 artiklar utvaldes från Pubmed och en arikel valdes ut från Cinahl. Av 9 artiklar var 6 dubbletter på cinahl. Därefter sammanställdes data från artiklarna för att besvara syftet. Artiklarna som hittades på Cinahl och Pubmed ansågs vara relevanta som svarade mot syftet. Alla artiklar är kvalitetsgranskade med hjälp av en mall från Statens Beredning för Svensk Medicinsk Utvärdering (SBU). Resultat: Resultatet utgörs av en sammanställning av 10 kvalitativa empiriska studier om sjukvårdspersonal som beskriver sin arbetssituation. Två olika teman identifierades utifrån utvalda artiklar: Engagemang samt frustration och stress. Konklusion: Sjukvårdspersonal behöver öka sina kunskaper inom palliativ vård genom olika kurser och utbildningar för att kunna ge en tillfredsställande vård till patienter. Mosaddegh Sedghi, M. Experiences of caring cancer patients at home: The experiences of the healthcare professionals. A qualitative literature review. Degree project in nursing science 15 credits. Malmö University: Faculty of Health and Society, Department of care sciences, 2020. Background: Healthcare professionals have many different duties and responsibilities, one of which is to nurse dying patients. More and more of the patients who need palliative care choose to be cared for in their homes.Purpose: The purpose of the review study was to illustrate the experiences of healthcare professionals who provided home care to cancer patients during the entire palliative phase. Method: Systematic searches were made where titles, abstracts and articles were read in full, before ten qualitative empirical studies were selected. The selected articles correspond to the purpose and comply with the inclusion criteria. The inclusion criteria applied are: healthcare professionals working in palliative home care, empirical studies from around the world, articles in a qualitative method. Free full text of the articles had to be available at MAU. The selected articles are in English. 9 articles were selected from Pubmed och one article was selected from Cinahl. Out of 9 articles on Cinahl, 6 were duplicates . Subsequently data from the articles were complied to answer the purpose. The articles found on Cinahl and Pubmed were considered relevant which corresponded to the purpose. All articles are assessed for quality with the help of a template from the Swedish Public Evaluation Board (SBU). Result: The result is a compilation of 10 qualitative empirical studies on healthcare professionals describing their work situation. Two different themes were identified based on the selected articles: Engagement and frustration/stress. Conclusion: Healthcare professionals need to increase their knowledge of palliative care through various courses in order to provide satisfactory care to patients.

Objectives Rett syndrome is an X linked dominant neurodevelopmental disorder which almost exclusively affects females. The syndrome is usually caused by mutations in MECP2 gene, which is a nuclear protein that selectively binds CpG dinucleotides in the genome. Materials & Methods To provide further insights into the distribution of mutations in MECP2 gene, we investigated 24 females with clinical characters of Rett syndrome referred to Alzahra University Hospital in Isfahan, Iran during 2015-2017. We sequenced the entire MECP2 coding region and splice sites for detection of point mutations in this gene. Freely available programs including JALVIEW, SIFT, and PolyPhen were used to find out the damaging effects of unknown mutations. Results Direct sequencing revealed MECP2 mutations in 13 of the 24 patients. We identified in 13 patients, 10 different mutations in MECP2 gene. Three of these mutations have not been reported elsewhere and are most likely pathogenic. Conclusion Defects in MECP2 gene play an important role in pathogenesis of Rett syndrome. Mutations in MECP2 gene can be found in the majority of Iranian RTT patients. We failed to identify mutations in MECP2 gene in 46% of our patients. For these patients, further molecular analysis might be necessary.

Objective Treatment of intractable seizures other than spasms is difficult and controversial. There are few studies on efficacy of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in treatment of patients with intractable seizure. Materials & Methods Twenty-five patients with intractable seizure other than spasm including 14 boys and 11 girls with median age of 58 months referred to university clinics of Pediatric Neurology in Isfahan, Iran, during 2014-2015 were prospectively investigated. ACTH was administrated according to our protocol. All cases were followed regularly and assessed for response to treatment and probable side effects, 3 wk after beginning of ACTH therapy and three months after the ACTH therapy. EEG finding were recorded before and three months after the end of ACTH therapy. Statistical analysis using Freidman test and Wilcoxon signed – rank test were performed in order to compare seizure frequency and EEG changes, respectively. Results Mean A significant reduction (>80%) in seizure frequency in 11 cases (44%) and moderate reduction (50%-80%) in 7 (28%) after 3 wk of ACTH therapy. Despite initial positive response, recurrence of seizure was observed in 7 out of 18 cases with favorable initial response within 3 months after ACTH therapy cessation. The comparison of EEG finding before and 3 months after ACTH therapy using Wilcoxon signed – rank test showed significant differences. Conclusion ACTH therapy may be useful in treatment of children with intractable seizures who are resistant to usual antiepileptic drugs. However further studies should be performed to determine the long-term efficacy of ACTH in treatment of intractable seizure.

This study aimed to determine the Emotional processing in theprediction of adjustment in female students with symptoms of OppositionalDefiant Disorder. In this descriptive-correlational study, the populationconsisted of all female high school students with symptoms of OppositionalDefiant Disorder in the city of Ardabil. The sample was a group of 180 femalehigh school students with high scores on the Oppositional Defiant DisorderChecklist. Data were collected through the Emotional processing - Short Form,the Adjustment Inventory for School Students and the Oppositional DefiantDisorder Checklist and analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient andmultiple regression analysis. The results indicated a significant relationshipbetween Emotional processing and the adjustment level of students withOppositional Defiant Disorder (r=-0.32, p>0.001). Furthermore, the resultsof multiple regression analysis showed that %7.7 of variances in the students’adjustment level could be predicted by their Emotional processing indicatingthe low predictive power of Emotional processing for the determination of theadjustment level of students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder., This study aimed to determine the Emotional processing in the prediction of adjustment in female students with symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder. In this descriptive-correlational study, the population consisted of all female high school students with symptoms of Oppositional Defiant Disorder in the city of Ardabil. The sample was a group of 180 female high school students with high scores on the Oppositional Defiant Disorder Checklist. Data were collected through the Emotional processing - Short Form, the Adjustment Inventory for School Students and the Oppositional Defiant Disorder Checklist and analyzed via Pearson correlation coefficient and multiple regression analysis. The results indicated a significant relationship between Emotional processing and the adjustment level of students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder (r=-0.32, p>0.001). Furthermore, the results of multiple regression analysis showed that %7.7 of variances in the students’ adjustment level could be predicted by their Emotional processing indicating the low predictive power of Emotional processing for the determination of the adjustment level of students with Oppositional Defiant Disorder.

Ataxia with oculomotor apraxia type 1 (AOA1) shows early onset with autosomal recessive inheritance and is caused by a mutation in the aprataxin (APTX) gene encoding for the APTX protein.In this study, a 7-year-old girl born of a first-cousin consanguineous marriage was described with early-onset progressive ataxia and AOA, with increased cholesterol concentration and decreased albumin concentration in serum. PCR and direct DNA sequencing was performed after DNA extraction.Sequencing analysis revealed a novel homozygous deletion in c.643 and AT single nucleotide polymorphism in c.641 in exon 6 of the APTX gene [ENST00000379825].It seems that this region of exon 6 is probably a hot spot; however, no deletions have been reported in exon 6 yet.