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The article describes the case of a cat with idiopathic CD4+ T lymphocytopenia infected with chronic disseminated Mycobacterium xenopi. Condition of the cat upon examination is described. The diagnosis was made based on the finding of acid-fast bacilli in multiple organs. A background on disseminated mycobcteriosis is offered. In this case, a survival time of approximately 7 years was achieved through the use of enrofloxacin or ciprofloxacin, rifampin, clofazimine and clarithromycin.

SARS-CoV-2 virus is a single-stranded enveloped RNA virus, which causes coronavirus disease. Most of the immunocompetent patients with SARS-CoV-2 infection do have mild to moderate respiratory illness; however, in immunocompromised patients, the course of infection is unpredictable with high rates of infectivity and mortality. So, it is important to identify the immunocompromised patients early and establish the course of treatment accordingly. Here, we describe a 25-year-old male with background of B cell ALL, post-BMT and CAR-T therapy who received treatment with remdesivir and vaccination and was followed up for six months from the onset of symptoms to post vaccination, which showed resolution of symptoms and improvement of immunological markers. Here, we review the literature concerning the course and treatment of SARS-CoV-2 infection aimed at achieving cure in this patient., (© 2023. Crown.)

Background: In the UK there is limited coverage of antimicrobial stewardship across postgraduate curricula and evidence that final year medical students have insufficient and inconsistent antimicrobial stewardship teaching. A national undergraduate curriculum for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship is required to standardize an adequate level of understanding for all future doctors., Objectives: To provide a UK national consensus on competencies for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship for undergraduate medical education., Methods: Using the modified Delphi method over two online survey rounds, an expert panel comprising leads for infection teaching from 25 UK medical schools reviewed competency descriptors for antimicrobial resistance and stewardship education., Results: There was a response rate of 100% with all 28 experts who agreed to take part completing both survey rounds. Following the first-round survey, of the initial 55 descriptors, 43 reached consensus (78%). The second-round survey included the 12 descriptors from the first round in which agreement had not been reached, four amended descriptors and 12 new descriptors following qualitative feedback from the panel members. Following the second-round survey, a total of 58 consensus-based competency descriptors within six overarching domains were identified., Conclusions: The consensus-based competency descriptors defined here can be used to inform standards, design curricula, develop assessment tools and direct UK undergraduate medical education., (© The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the British Society for Antimicrobial Chemotherapy.)

A 54-year-old female patient presented to her local district general hospital with a painful, swollen left arm. Imaging revealed an ulnar artery aneurysm. The aetiology was embolic, with an echocardiogram revealing vegetations on the aortic valve. The patient was treated empirically for 6 weeks with amoxicillin and gentamicin for endocarditis. Eight months later, she had an elective aortic valve replacement for symptomatic aortic regurgitation. The valve was culture negative but analysis by 16S rDNA PCR was positive for Tropheryma whipplei In retrospect, the ulnar artery aneurysm and a history of arthralgia were attributed to an underlying diagnosis of Whipple's endocarditis. She continues on antibiotic treatment with resolution of her arthralgia and no clinical signs of infection. Once thought to be rare entity, molecular assays have revolutionised the diagnosis of Whipple's endocarditis, but this case highlights the difficulties and pitfalls in diagnosis., Competing Interests: Competing interests: None declared., (© BMJ Publishing Group Ltd (unless otherwise stated in the text of the article) 2017. All rights reserved. No commercial use is permitted unless otherwise expressly granted.)

Background and Aim of the Study: Q fever, caused by the rickettsia Coxiella burnetii, is a worldwide zoonotic disease with both acute and chronic manifestations. Endocarditis is the principal chronic manifestation. Q fever can easily be mistaken for degenerative valve disease due to its indolent presentation, the fastidious nature of the organism (routine cultures are negative), and the absence of a typical echocardiographic and macroscopic appearance for endocarditis. Prosthetic valve failure, with associated morbidity and mortality, have been described following unrecognized infections., Methods: Previous studies have documented the value of screening strategies in areas of high prevalence. Hence, a pilot study was conducted in a low-prevalence setting, in which 139 patients at two tertiary cardiac centers attending for elective valve replacement for degenerative valvular disease underwent testing for chronic Q fever infection by serological and molecular methods on blood and valve tissue., Results: Five patients (3.7%) had serological evidence of past exposure to Q fever (consistent with rates in the literature). None had evidence of chronic Q fever endocarditis. The cost of adopting a universal screening strategy is around £40,000 per case (if serology is used to screen patients prior to surgery)., Conclusions: Alternative and more cost-effective methods for identifying clinically quiet cases of chronic Q fever endocarditis are required.

Polyarteritis nodosa (PAN) is a rare, severe form of vasculitis affecting medium-sized vessels. It manifests as a multisystem syndrome, and may be associated with hepatitis B virus-associated PAN (HBV-PAN) although the incidence of this is declining with better vaccination strategies and awareness of bloodborne virus screening. We report a case in which a patient displayed many classical features of the disease, occurring separately over a period of months and leading to contact with various medical specialties. Managing each symptom in isolation led to a number of misdiagnoses (including testicular cancer) and the patient experienced considerable psychological stress and morbidity as a result. The case was complicated by acute pancreatitis developing after an initial treatment response. This may have been iatrogenic (as a consequence of either entecavir or steroids) or secondary to PAN. For our patient, this led to a protracted clinical course but eventual complete resolution of both pathologies., (2016 BMJ Publishing Group Ltd.)