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This paper discusses key findings of the Detailed Assessment of Observance of International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation for France. The assessment reveals that France exhibits a high level of implementation of the IOSCO principles. The legal framework is robust and provides the Autorité de Marchés Financiers (AMF) and the Autorité du Contrôle Prudentiel (ACP) with broad licensing, supervisory, investigative, and enforcement powers within their respective competences. There are robust arrangements for cooperation between the two authorities.

An assessment of the level of implementation of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Principles in Nigeria was conducted as part of the International Monetary Fund (IMF)-World Bank Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP). The ongoing global financial crisis has reinforced the need for assessors to make a judgment about supervisory practices and to determine whether they are sufficiently effective. The assessment methodology provides a set of assessment criteria to be met in respect of each principle to achieve the designated benchmarks.

This assessment finds that Argentina has made significant progress to improve its securities regulatory system within the existing legal framework. This assessment finds areas that need to be improved. The reinforcement of supervision powers in accordance to international standards represents an immediate task. The assessment included a review of the main securities laws, executive decrees, and general and trading of securities. The government acknowledges that important challenges remain, and the assessments were noteworthy to identify many of them.

This paper discusses implementation of the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) objectives and principles of securities regulation in Indonesia. The Capital Markets and Financial Institutions Supervisory Agency (BAPEPAM-LK) has taken impressive steps to increase the transparency of regulation and to institute a comprehensive operational program that meets international norms and Indonesia’s understanding of best practices. This paper reveals that the regulatory framework, regulatory powers, and requirements pertaining to the securities regulator are highly transparent. The roles of the regulators and supervisors are also clearly defined.

This paper discusses a detailed assessment report on the observance of China’s compliance with the International Organization of Securities Commission's objectives and principles of securities regulation. The reform of nontradable shares introduced a market-based pricing system for so-called nontradable shares in listed companies closely held by government and semigovernment authorities. The China Securities Regulatory Commission has the ability to share public and nonpublic information with both domestic and foreign counterparts without other external process, for the purpose of performing regulatory and supervisory functions.

This assessment reviews the regulatory framework in place for the oversight of the capital markets of the Russian Federation as of June 2011. The Russian securities markets, in particular, have been volatile, reflecting the inflow and outflow of money and the crisis. Foreign investment banks report that US$20 billion of foreign investment exited the markets during the first quarter of 2011. This volatility is continuing, and is reflected in the changes in market capitalization in relation to GDP.

As part of the 2011 Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP) update for Germany, this Technical Note reviews recent developments of mortgage-covered bond (Pfandbrief) and mortgage securitization markets in Germany, and explores future prospects for each against the background of ongoing regulatory changes. It examines the characteristics of the two markets and their performance through the crisis, and analyzes some of the policy reactions that are currently tending to favor covered bonds over securitization. Some of the systemic vulnerabilities associated with covered bonds are also discussed.

Germany has a comprehensive legislative and institutional framework for the effective supervision of the securities markets. The overall level of compliance with the IOSCO principles is high. There are significant industry concerns about the implementation costs resulting from a rapidly changing legislative framework. The German Federal Financial Supervisory Authority (BaFin’s) overall approach to supervision relies very heavily on the flow of information, auditors’ reports, and compliance with legislative obligations. Regulators at both the federal and state levels work with a clear legal framework and clearly defined powers and responsibilities.

This study reviews the structure of the Trust and Corporate Service Providers (TCSP) sector in the British Virgin Islands (BVI), focusing on their role in the offshore financial sector, and seeks to assess the legislative framework in place as well as effectiveness of implementation and enforcement of this framework. Structure of the TCSP industry and the key features of legislative framework are also discussed. The global financial crisis has also resulted in a significant decline in asset values. The Financial Services Commission Act (FSCA) provides a strong framework for the supervision of other financial services in the jurisdiction.

This paper presents Detailed Assessment of the United States’s implementation of the International Organization of Securities Commissions’ Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation. The general preconditions for effective securities regulation in the United States are present. The legal and accounting system supports the implementation of requirements and effective regulation of market participants. The legislation regarding bankruptcy, insolvency, and winding up in the jurisdiction and the professionals associated with those matters are sophisticated.

The name of the thesis is Valuation and Presenting of Securities in Accounting of the Czech Republic and its goal is to bring an insight to the field of accounting regarding long-term and short-term financial assets. This thesis should provide basic information on sorting securities by the term length and types of securities. Furthermore this thesis will dissert on the main part of the accounting -- the valuation methods of securities and its accounting according to the valid Czech legislation. For each case the correct method must be chosen in order to provide appropriate and truthful image of the accounting. Whole thesis concentrates on stocks and obligations and in the end the whole topic is demonstrated on specific examples.

Weaknesses in the enforcement of regulation have been targeted by the G-20 as a priority concern for reform. But enforcement efforts in securities markets have proven difficult and uneven. The recent scandal in the United States, wherein a Ponzi scheme orchestrated by Bernard Madoff went undetected by the U.S. authorities for more than two decades, has once again highlighted the importance of effective enforcement of securities regulation, as well as the challenges that securities regulators around the world face in implementing credible enforcement programs. While in many instances it is individuals who bear the losses, we show that noncompliance with securities law can have serious system-wide impact and that the credibility of the system as a whole rests on the existence of effective discipline-the probability of real consequences for failure to obey the law. This paper explores the elements of enforcement, why it is so challenging, why it is important, and whether its effects can be measured. Through an analysis of the data gathered in the World Bank/IMF Financial Sector Assessment Program (FSAP), the paper examines how enforcement is being carried out around the world and draws conclusions regarding how countries are meeting the challenge of effective enforcement.

The objective of this Legal and Judicial Enforcement Assessment is to identify the main judicial, legal, legislative, and institutional constraints on the enforcement of contract, creditor, and property rights in Macedonia, and to integrate the Macedonian Government's Judicial Reform Strategy with ongoing donor work. This Assessment makes recommendations on how to overcome the major obstacles to reform and move the Government's focus towards effective implementation. Additionally, the Assessment examines the current and future donor activity in this area, and suggests where additional donor assistance may be needed.

This paper discusses the findings of the Detailed Assessment of Implementation on the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Objectives and Principles of Securities Regulation on Singapore. Overall compliance with IOSCO principles is generally high, although the assessors identified some vulnerabilities that need to be resolved. The Monetary Authority of Singapore’s (MAS) enforcement philosophy as regards securities markets and the financial intermediaries active therein is cogent, with outcomes focused and well developed. The Securities and Futures Act (Cap. 289) provides an effective framework to enable the sharing of information and cooperation between MAS and foreign regulators on supervisory and enforcement matters.

The Australian legal and regulatory framework for securities markets exhibits a high level of compliance with the International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) Principles. A few remaining concerns need to be resolved, including some identified in the 2006 assessment. Australian Securities and Investments Commission’s (ASIC) operational independence and sufficiency of resources are overarching concerns which impair its ability to discharge its supervisory functions adequately and effectively across the entire regulated population.

In recent years, the IMF has released a growing number of reports and other documents covering economic and financial developments and trends in member countries. Each report, prepared by a staff team after discussions with government officials, is published at the option of the member country.

In a previous assessment, it was concluded that the British Virgin Islands (BVI) regulatory system governing securities markets functioned well overall, but required improvement in certain areas. Those areas are implemented with regulatory code, Securities and Investment Business Act (SIBA), related regulations, and the public funds code. The standards and eligibility of those who wish to manage or administer a mutual fund are determined by the Financial Services Commission (FSC) under the authority granted by statute. A mutual fund can be organized as a corporation, unit trust, or partnership.

This technical note presents factual update of International Organization of Securities Commissions Core Principles of Securities Regulation for Cyprus. There is provision in the law allowing for the sharing of information and cooperation with both domestic and foreign regulators. The Cyprus law transposing the European Union Prospectus and Transparency Directives, together with the company law and stock exchange law, provide accurate and timely disclosure of financial results and adequate safeguards in the fair and equitable treatment of shareholders.

This paper discusses the assessment of observance of Thailand Securities Depository (TSD) of the Committee of Payments and Settlement Systems (CPSS)/International Organization of Securities Commissions (IOSCO) recommendations for securities settlement systems for Thailand. On the basis of the assessment, it is recommended that securities settlement systems should have a well-founded, clear, and transparent legal basis in the relevant jurisdiction. Confirmation of trades between market participants should occur as soon as possible after trade execution, but no later than the trade date (T+0).

The Detailed Assessments of the Observance of Standards and Codes on France reviews compliance with Basel Core Principles for effective banking supervision. The French insurance market is notable for its broad range of distribution channels, which include tied agents, insurance brokers, salaried sales forces, direct writing mutuals, and financial institutions. France fulfills all prerequisites for effective payment clearing and settlement systems. Capital markets are large and sophisticated, with a range of equity, debt, derivative, and mutual fund products available to investors.