Search

This study examines the glass ceiling and sticky floor phenomena within the contexts of both the public and private sectors in Türkiye, while exploring sector‐specific differences. To do this, we use a recentered influence function‐based decomposition method to analyze data from the Household Labor Force Statistics spanning from 2014 to 2021. Our findings suggest that the sticky floor effect emerges as more prominent in the private sector, contrasting with the public sector where the glass ceiling effect holds greater sway. Additionally, our analysis reveals that gender discrimination appears to be more prevalent in the private sector, although it exhibits an increasing trend in the public sector. The evidence suggests a need for further research on the gender wage gap in Türkiye, especially within the context of the glass ceiling and sticky floor effects. This study contributes to the existing literature by offering a comprehensive examination of these phenomena in both public and private sectors, leveraging the availability of recent data and advancements in methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Supportive policy is an important component of a whole-systems approach to increasing physical activity and reducing inequalities. There is a growing body of literature surrounding the design and effectiveness of national policy approaches to physical activity, but evidence related to local-level approaches is lacking. The aim of this study was to examine 'what works', and identify factors underpinning change, focused on work to embed physical activity in local policy and practice in Bradford, UK. Methods: A mixed-methods case study approach involved collecting data from cross-sectoral stakeholders directly or indirectly engaged in the physical activity agenda in Bradford over a period of three years (2021–2024). Data collection included focus groups, semi-structured interviews, researcher observations of key workshops and meetings, and surveys at two time-points (December 2021 and January 2024). Qualitative data were analysed using reflexive thematic analysis. Quantitative data were analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics. Results: Four themes were identified which embody conditions that appear to be critical for working towards physical activity being embedded in local policy & practice within the Bradford District. These included: collaboration and sector integration, co-productive working, governance and leadership, and cultivating a learning culture. The process of co-producing a district-wide strategy for physical activity was key to facilitating shared ownership of the physical activity agenda across different levels of the system, and for supporting and maintaining cross-sectoral collaboration. On average, survey respondents connected with four more local organisations in relation to the physical activity agenda in January 2024 than in December 2021. Conclusion: Taking a partnership approach, and fostering a culture of evidence-informed decision making, is key to embedding physical activity into policy and practice at a local level. Investing time to understand the aims and values of each partner, and potential synergies and tensions between them, can support the development of a positive and productive collaboration and, subsequently, more effective whole-system delivery and population-level increases in physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Algerian poultry industry has had the biggest growth in the country. The purpose of this study is to demonstrate that the modernization of the poultry industry, driven by the policies pertaining to poultry that Algeria enacted between 2000 and 2020, did not result in the creation of governance structures that were in line with the demands of improving the performance of these industries. This theory is supported by the "Turkey" sector example. Methods: In order to explain Algeria's poor governance of the poultry industry, the new institutional economy (NIE) invests within the framework of the "Sector" approach. The 1,288 units of turkey farms dispersed among 38 wilayas, or 80% of all the wilayats in the nation representing all possible production regions, were the subject of surveys conducted on turkey farms between 2015 and 2017. Result: The "atomized" breeding structures, the importance of "independent" breeding, the lack of economies of scale, the low level of development of integrated production and the absence of hybrid institutional arrangements are what set the "Turkey" sector apart, according to an analysis of its organizational structures. All of these things contribute to high production and transaction costs. Nonetheless, the "turkey" sector's lack of coordination mechanisms continues to be a serious problem that causes abrupt changes and volatility in producer pricing, which in turn causes cyclical crises. These crises are a source of uncertainty and dangerous hazards, especially for small farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study is to analyse whether differences exist in the value relevance of intangible assets (IA) and intellectual capital (IC) between firms in the financial sector and other industries. A quantitative approach was adopted. Drawing on the work of Ohlson (1995), an original price model is constructed in the form of a specified panel data model with fixed effects. Data from to 2009-2018, directly collected from primary sources, were used. The sample comprises 52 firms listed on the Argentine capital market without interruption throughout the period. The results show that the value relevance of IA and IC differs between non-financial and financial firms. Among the former, only the human and structural dimensions of IC were of interest to investors. In contrast, both identifiable intangible assets and the three dimensions of IC influence bank valuation, thereby confirming the importance of intangibles in this industry. The study contributes to knowledge of the impact of industry on market valuations of intangibles, which is a somewhat unexplored line of research and, likewise, to knowledge of the banking industry, a sector that has been less well studied in previous research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explored water demand planning within the context of neoliberal policy in South Africa spanning from 2004 to 2024. Water demand planning in South Africa is shaped by the country's transition from apartheid-era policies to democratic governance, aiming to ensure equitable access to water for all citizens amidst challenges posed by neoliberal policy frameworks and water privatisation. The objective of this article was to critically evaluate the evolution of water demand planning, examining its historical development, current state, and the factors driving changes. This research is based on a qualitative research design, including both primary and secondary data. Primary data include interviews with five managers. Secondary data were gathered through a systematic literature review across four databases - Academic Search Ultimate, PAIS Index + Archive, Scopus, and Greenfile. The study highlighted the impacts of water privatisation, which has often led to higher costs and reduced accountability, disproportionately affecting low-income communities. This paper holds relevance for public administration practitioners globally. However, there remains a dearth of empirical research on the evolution of neoliberal policy in water demand planning in developing countries, underscoring the need for further exploration in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a cointegration-based method for evaluating the long-term independence of sectoral Real Estate Investment Trusts (REITs) within a portfolio. We employ this innovative approach to construct diversified portfolios. Our argument is that sectors contributing less to cointegration provide greater risk reduction benefits to the portfolio. To gauge the level of independence, we use the reciprocal of the aggregate likelihood ratio (RAL) statistics. Based on these statistics, we introduce a novel allocation strategy that assigns a higher weight to a sector with a larger RAL. Using CRSP/Ziman REIT sector data, we demonstrate that this new strategy outperforms traditional methods and the real estate market benchmark. Our paper introduces a fresh framework for REIT portfolio management and provides guidance on sector allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the paper entitled Comparative analysis of employed population and the gross domestic product in Romania and the RomanianWestern Region, by sectors of activity, the dynamics of employed population and gross domestic product before and during the pandemic, respectively the period 2016-2021 has been analysed. Based on the comparative analysis of the employed population in Romania and in the Western Region of the same country, for the period 2016-2018, a dynamic in the primary sector was found, a decrease in the secondary sector and an increase in the tertiary sector. In the period 2019-2021, the employed population,by sector of activity,decreased in the primary sector, was dynamic in the secondary sector and increasedin the tertiary sector. There are significant differences between the average percentages calculated for the WesternRegion compared to Romania, which shows a decrease in the employed population in the primary and tertiary sectors and an increase in the secondary. In terms of gross domestic product in current prices, over the entire period 2016-2021, Romania’s gross domestic product by sectors of activity recorded an increase in the primary and tertiary sectors and a dynamic in the secondary sector. At the level of the Western Region, in the period 2016-2019, in all sectors of activity, the gross domestic product in current prices increased. Due to the emergence of the pandemic in 2020, there are decreases in GDP in current prices in all sectors of activity, but from 2021 onwards the economy recovers, so that its values increased both in Romania and in the Western Region.

Employee training is one of the most important areas of human resources management and is key to the career development of employees. The aim is to determine how the sector and size of small and medium enterprises (SMEs) influence the corporate education of employees. Data were collected using a questionnaire distributed among 610 SMEs in the Czech Republic; valid answers were obtained from 581 enterprises. The respondents mainly include managers responsible for employee education or other representatives with relevant experience. This database was tested using statistical methods, including Pearson’s chi-squared test of independence, Kolmogorov-Smirnov normality test, and Kruskal-Wallis test. The results indicate that enterprises with 150-250 employees try to provide them with training that would correspond to the so-called work-life balance. Enterprises with 50-149 employees often have a larger budget and resources to invest in corporate training. The results show that in terms of SME size, employee training is most commonly applied by medium-sized enterprises. It is confirmed that the bigger the enterprise, the more frequently its employees are trained. On the other hand, the sector does not significantly influence employee training. Slightly above-average use of employee training is observed in the transport and logistics sectors, but the difference is not substantial. AcknowledgmentThis paper was supported by the project IVSUPS2303 “Current topics of the social pillar of CSR related to acquiring and developing human resources.”

In the paper entitled Comparative analysis of employed population and the gross domestic product in Romania and the RomanianWestern Region, by sectors of activity, the dynamics of employed population and gross domestic product before and during the pandemic, respectively the period 2016-2021 has been analysed. Based on the comparative analysis of the employed population in Romania and in the Western Region of the same country, for the period 2016-2018, a dynamic in the primary sector was found, a decrease in the secondary sector and an increase in the tertiary sector. In the period 2019-2021, the employed population, by sector of activity, decreased in the primary sector, was dynamic in the secondary sector and increasedin the tertiary sector. There are significant differences between the average percentages calculated for the WesternRegion compared to Romania, which shows a decrease in the employed population in the primary and tertiary sectors and an increase in the secondary. In terms of gross domestic product in current prices, over the entire period 2016-2021, Romania's gross domestic product by sectors of activity recorded an increase in the primary and tertiary sectors and a dynamic in the secondary sector. At the level of the Western Region, in the period 2016-2019, in all sectors of activity, the gross domestic product in current prices increased. Due to the emergence of the pandemic in 2020, there are decreases in GDP in current prices in all sectors of activity, but from 2021 onwards the economy recovers, so that its values increased both in Romania and in the Western Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We analyze sectoral resilience for wage increase by constructing a multi-ratio composite index using the 2023 CPS ASEC data. The Unemployment Ratio measures labor market slack, with a 3% unemployment rate as a baseline. Sectors meeting this rate are assigned a ratio of 1, while sectors with higher or lower unemployment rates are adjusted proportionally. The Wage Ratio evaluates sectors based on their median wage levels, using the national median wage as a baseline, with adjustments made for sectors with above or below median wages. Further breakdowns include the Educational Wage Ratio and the Regional Wage Ratio, which assess how education and regional differences influence wage dynamics across sectors and within the same sector. A formula that combines the Unemployment Ratio, the Educational Wage Ratio, and the Regional Wage Ratio produces the multi-ratio composite index to assess sectoral resilience in a more granular fashion. Scores above 1 indicate a sector's capacity to manage wage increases effectively, while scores below 1 highlight potential pressure points that may require cost-saving measures. The multi-ratio composite index provides business leaders with valuable insights into strategic decision-making in a rapidly changing economic landscape. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors of the present article pose and consider in detail the highly relevant issue of whether capitalism has a future or whether it will be replaced by some new system. And if it does have a future, then what future will it be? These questions are nothing new, but in the recent few years, just like a hundred years ago, they have acquired exceptional importance, since not only the Left but also the representatives of the largest financial capital started speaking about the end of capitalism. The present article considers the following aspects: what is capitalism as an economic sector and as an economic system? How did capitalism evolve? What are its potentialities? The authors also make some forecasts for the next 50–100 years. Various scenarios for the future of capitalism are considered: from maintaining its leading role to its reduction to a sector. It is assumed that in the coming decades, the development of capitalism may proceed in different ways in developed and developing countries, which may result in a complex continuum of types, transitions, combinations, and forms of capitalism. In some countries, the development of capitalism has reached a level when it has already exhausted itself and needs transformations; meanwhile, there are countries where full-fledged market relations have not yet emerged. The authors analyze two main types of capitalism. The developed countries are likely to experience a shift toward strengthening of distributive institutions. In their turn, the developing countries that continue the processes of economic and socio-political modernization are likely to proceed toward strengthening of capitalist market institutions, though with some important restrictions preventing exploitation and environmental degradation. The authors believe that capitalism will be inevitably transformed in one way or another, but such transformations can vary greatly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution studies the role of two urban planning tools in sustainable urban development in Quebec. The analysis of a corpus of specific urban planning programs (PPU - which became specific urban planning plans in June 2023), comprehensive development plans (PAE) and interviews conducted in 2021-2022 with Quebec practitioners demonstrates a political desire to regain control over real estate development and highlights its main limitations: lack of precision of the prescriptions, poor transcription of these in the enforceable regulations, complexity of operational and legal implementation and lack of anticipation of land dynamics. PPU and PAE remain the tools of negotiated sustainable urban planning, which is certainly formalizing, but never really binding. This contribution examines the role of two regulatory urban planning tools in the sustainable urban development sector in Quebec (Canada). The analysis of a corpus of PPU and PAE and interviews conducted in 2021-2022 with Quebec practitioners demonstrate a political will to regain control over real estate development and highlights its main limitations: lack of precision in their prescriptions, poor transposition into enforceable regulations, complexity of operational and legal implementation, and lack of anticipation of land dynamics. PPU and PAE remain the tools of a negotiated sustainable urbanism, admittedly coercive, but never really restrictive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Management Academy is the property of Uluslararasi Yonetim Akademisi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Studies - Economics, Finance, Politics is the property of Electronic Turkish Studies and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The goal of this paper is to derive closed-form approximation formulas for the spread option value and Greeks by using double integration and investigating the exercise boundary. We have found that the straight-line approximation suggested in previous research does not perform well for curved exercise boundaries. We propose a novel approach: to integrate in a sector and find a closed-form formula expressed in terms of the bivariate normal CDF. We call it the sector formula. Numerical tests show the good accuracy of our sector formula. We demonstrate applications of the formula to the market data of calendar spread options for three major commodities, WTI, Natural Gas, and Corn, listed on the CME site as of May, April, and June 2024. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this paper is to derive closed-form approximation formulas for the spread option value and Greeks by using double integration and investigating the exercise boundary. We have found that the straight-line approximation suggested in previous research does not perform well for curved exercise boundaries. We propose a novel approach: to integrate in a sector and find a closed-form formula expressed in terms of the bivariate normal CDF. We call it the sector formula. Numerical tests show the good accuracy of our sector formula. We demonstrate applications of the formula to the market data of calendar spread options for three major commodities, WTI, Natural Gas, and Corn, listed on the CME site as of May, April, and June 2024.

The study’s relevance is due to the need to identify the scale and channels of the spread of crises in the economy based on the use of the financial contagion methodology. Understanding the mechanism of spreading financial contagion from one industry to another can help develop anti-crisis measures and ensure stable economic indicators. The purpose of the study is to assess the intersectoral financial contagion in the Russian economy during the spread of the coronacrisis, as well as to correlate the estimates obtained with the actual incidence of COVID‑19 in the Russian Federation. The novelty of the research lies in the development of the methodology of financial contagion and its use in relation to sectors of the Russian economy, where they are considered transmitters and/or receivers of financial contagion. The methodology of advanced correlation analysis was used — the Forbes-Rigobon sliding test was implemented, which made it possible to assess the scale and intensity of financial contagion in the Russian economy. We used high-frequency data on 8 MICEX industry indices and on the incidence of COVID‑19 in the period 2020–2021. The result was quantitative assessments of financial contagion, which showed that such industries as metallurgy, oil and gas sector, consumer sector, electric power industry had the highest susceptibility to financial contagion. Telecommunications, the financial sector, chemicals and petrochemicals, and transport have demonstrated resistance to the pandemic shock. The most powerful transmitters of financial contagion were the electric power industry, metallurgy, transport, and the financial sector. In general, the financial contagion in 2020–2021 between the sectors of the Russian economy spread unevenly, in some cases and in certain periods, the ups and downs of financial infectivity went in parallel with the ups and downs of the real incidence of COVID‑19. The main conclusion was that during the pandemic, financial contagion spread with varying intensity, and individual industries manifested themselves either as receivers or transmitters of financial contagion. At the same time, there was no large-scale financial infection of the sectors of the Russian economy.

According to the International Air Transport Association (IATA), Vietnam is among the countries with the rapid development of civil aviation (CA). This development is a positive sign to enhance the role and position of Vietnam civil aviation in the civil aviation community. But at the same time, the increase in flight operations poses challenges to flight safety, increases the load on airspace and airports, and pollutes the environment. The Ho Chi Minh City (HCM) airspace is one of the largest and busiest airspace in Southeast Asia. Every year, thousands of flights depart, arrive, and cross the HCM (VVTS) airspace. In addition, aviation operations in the HCM airspace are becoming increasingly complex (they include activity of state aviation, civil and general aviation), which requires the continuous improvement of airspace management. Airspace management, in turn, requires a certain flexibility and a quick response to difficulties arising in the airspace. One of the important components of the HCM airspace is the airspace of the HCM Area Control Centre (ACC1 airspace). At present, the structure of the HCM ACC airspace, which is divided into 6 sectors, shows signs of congestion, which leads to an increase in the workload of air traffic controllers (ATC). Therefore, the HCM ACC airspace redesign is imperative. In this regard, the authors of the article consider the issue of dividing the HCM ACC airspace into 8 sectors and the proposals which are necessary for its implementation. According to the authors, the HCM airspace redesign will contribute to improving air traffic management (ATM) quality, increasing airspace capacity, and reducing ATC workload.

Regular distribution of several trace elements in spodumene crystals of the Pashki pegmatite Li deposits in Afghanistan (Nuristan province) is analyzed using secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS). Twenty seven local analyses of 19 elements were carried out in spodumene samples of different generations taken from pegmatites during field works of 2023. We studied an early generation spodumene crystal from blocky spodumene-quartz-albite pegmatite and two late generation spodumene crystals including an euhedral crystal from a quartz core of pegmatite and a crystal extracted from a mineralized cavity together with quartz crystal, albite, and muscovite. It is found that the Fe, B, and Be content is significantly higher in the growth pyramid of the pinacoid face (010) than in the growth pyramid of the prism face (021). From early to late growth zones, the Be, B, Fe, and Mn content increases and the K, Rb and Ti content decreases. The heterogeneity of trace element composition of spodumene crystals thus mostly depends on their sectoriality, which is caused by different crystal chemical conditions of the incorporation of isomorphic trace elements into the mineral structure on faces parallel and perpendicular to the direction of pyroxene chains of Si–O tetrahedra along axis [001] rather than by their zonation. From early to late generations of spodumene, the content of most analyzed trace elements significantly decreases corresponding to the ideas about the change in the crystallization fractionation of elements during the evolution of the pegmatite process transiting from the closed to open physicochemical system.

Abstract The involvement of the private sector in fostering sustainable development is propelled by significant advancements in commercial and industrial spheres. However, despite these advancements, there is a noticeable decline in corporate social responsibility, attributed to various factors such as scepticism among owners or board members regarding sustainability concepts and the perceived high costs associated with adopting sustainable technologies. This paper endeavours to investigate the relationship between community responsiveness and the extent of businesses’ commitment to sustainability in the context of Jordan. Utilizing a mixed methods approach comprising interviews and a comprehensive questionnaire, data was collected from a sample of two hundred and ten members of the Jordan community through an online platform. The collected data underwent rigorous analysis including descriptive and regression analyses as well as relevant correlations. Encouragingly, the findings of this study reveal a robust association between individuals’ social consciousness and their support for businesses and organizations operating within the Jordan community. Future research endeavours could further explore additional influential factors. The conclusions drawn from this research hold potential significance as they may provide valuable insights for incentivizing businesses to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency in cultivating a genuine societal commitment to sustainability, thereby contributing to scholarly discourse on the subject.

Work related quality of life is an important parameter in an individual's life. The degree of satisfaction in this regard linked with on the job and off the job implications. A good amount of quality of work life keeps the employees happy and the organization also get benefits from an employees' positive mood and well being. But we have a general perception that government job is better than private sector. As with time, women participation has also increased at work, their quality of work life compared to their male counterparts is also a matter of great interest. In order to explore work related quality of life with respect to sector (government and private) and gender (male and female), a sample survey was conducted with a 2x2 factorial design on 100 individuals of Kolkata. The data were collected and analyzed with SPSS version 20. Two-way ANOVA calculated to see if there is any effect of sector and gender on employees' work-related quality of life and its components. The results show that there is no mean difference of work-related quality of life with respect to sector and gender. When the components were analyzed, no significant mean difference was found except in one component that is working conditions. The working conditions differ both in sector and in gender. Private sector working condition is significantly better from government sector. The female gender has better working conditions than male counterparts across the sectors. In view of the above findings, it is recommended that, though male employees in government sectors have to work in challenging conditions, still the government authorities should consider avenues to increase better working conditions for them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry has a major impact on the growth of any country due to its contributions to economic activity and development.Up until thirty-three years ago, Albania was perceived as a nation with a closed society that had undergone rapid development. By contemporary standards, the settlement was tiny. She observed the change from a stable economy to one that is reliant on markets. Particularly in recent years, the area primarily the city of Tirana recorded a significant building boom. This research endeavor aimed to examine the correlation between the building industry and the overall economy. Regression analysis and the correlation between the variables are the fundamental techniques that will guide the creation of this kind of evaluation study. Starting with the quarter of 2008 and ending with the first quarter of 2023, the data is quarterly.In Albania, buildings make up a fairly large portion of the country's total built environment—roughly 15.20%. Before 1990, they constructed 165 new subway buildings a year on average. Currently, the city's market economy is made up of approximately 4.28% of the construction industry. He lists 1,143 building companies around the nation. The data was obtained from the Institute of Statistics (INSTAT). The growth of the construction industry raised demand during economic booms, spurred by both public and private sources of funding. During these times, public spending on the building industry is higher and depends on outside funding sources (Grebler and Burns, 1982). GDP is assumed to have a greater influence on the building industry in developing nations; yet, the influence of GDP may decline or even turn negative when a country's degree of development rises (Crosthwaite, 2000). One of the largest sectors of the global economy and a significant contributor to GDPs is construction. The aim of this paper is to analyze whether the value of construction permits affects economic growth in the Albanian case, for the time period of 2008-2023, based on quarterly data. The database is collected from the National Statistics Office (INSTAT). The results of the study have revealed that cities may plan their spaces compactly to maximize public transportation use and maintain environmental and economic sustainability. They should create and update their regulatory plans, known as the land use plan in compliance with the national objectives and local vision in order to save the environment or other public interests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poultry in agriculture segment is one of the fastest growing sectors in India. While agricultural production has been rising at the rate around 2 per cent per annum over the past two decades, poultry production has been rising at the rate of around 8 per cent per annum, with an annual turnover of US$ 7 500 million. India - Third largest producer of eggs in the world next only to China and USA. Andhra Pradesh, Maharashtra, Haryana and Tamil Nadu are major egg producing states in India. India ranks fifth in the world in respect of poultry meat production with the highest production recorded for USA. In India, Andhra Pradesh is leading state in broiler production; other major broiler producing states are Tamil Nadu, Maharashtra, Punjab, West Bengal and Karnataka. Poultry's contribution to food production and food security and its special role in alleviation of poverty and employment and empowerment of rural women is commendable. Rural poultry farming involved in raising of improved chicken varieties under free range, semi intensive and intensive condition. Our poultry farm is going to be standard commercial poultry farm hence will be involved in raising, processing and marketing chicken and eggs, poultry farm and egg production line of business because we want to leverage on the vas opportunities available in the poultry industry and make high profit. There are numerous potential pathways for sustainable development of poultry production. Poultry is living, sentient animals that can be well integrated in to many different types of urban and rural farming system, where they benefit from and contribute to such system and to the livelihood of households around the globe with special emphasis on women. Among the terrestrial animals poultry has the best conversion rate of feed to human food and the smallest environmental footprint in terms of energy and water use per kg meat or eggs produced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Comparative Education / Revista Española de Educación Comparada is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The involvement of the private sector in fostering sustainable development is propelled by significant advancements in commercial and industrial spheres. However, despite these advancements, there is a noticeable decline in corporate social responsibility, attributed to various factors such as scepticism among owners or board members regarding sustainability concepts and the perceived high costs associated with adopting sustainable technologies. This paper endeavours to investigate the relationship between community responsiveness and the extent of businesses' commitment to sustainability in the context of Jordan. Utilizing a mixed methods approach comprising interviews and a comprehensive questionnaire, data was collected from a sample of two hundred and ten members of the Jordan community through an online platform. The collected data underwent rigorous analysis including descriptive and regression analyses as well as relevant correlations. Encouragingly, the findings of this study reveal a robust association between individuals' social consciousness and their support for businesses and organizations operating within the Jordan community. Future research endeavours could further explore additional influential factors. The conclusions drawn from this research hold potential significance as they may provide valuable insights for incentivizing businesses to enhance their effectiveness and efficiency in cultivating a genuine societal commitment to sustainability, thereby contributing to scholarly discourse on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to analyze the Economic Policy Uncertainty impact on Small and Medium Enterprises’ financial performance, considering the role that sector plays and firm characteristics. Thus, a data sample of 80,620 Spanish SMEs was selected for 2012–2020. Using system Generalized Method of Moments estimators, the results show a negative impact, especially in the service sector. Industrial Spanish SMEs that are larger, younger, more indebted, with more growth opportunities and with higher asset turnover are the most resilient to EPU. The findings can help SMEs design better management strategies to deal with this uncertainty.

South Konawe Regency has vast potential agricultural land, It can support the regional economy by supplying the food needs of the community and being a major player in trade across districts. In addition to providing food, the agricultural sector also serves as a market for goods produced by the industrial sector in rural communities and urban areas, a source of labor for industry, a source of capital for modern economic growth, particularly in its early stages, and a source of foreign exchange. Policy support is needed from the government in developing the agricultural sector considering the importance of synergy between the agricultural and mining sectors to minimize negative impacts in order to achieve economic balance so that it becomes the basis for local governments in taking appropriate policies to support the agricultural sector amidst mining activities. The purpose of this study is to examine lowland rice farming's technical effectiveness and production characteristics in the vicinity of South Konawe Regency's nickel mine. The data collected used primary and secondary data, with a total of 20 farmers as respondents. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) was utilized to analyze the data. The findings of the study indicate that lowland rice farming is technically efficient when it is conducted near nickel mining and that the production elements that actually affect lowland rice farming include land area, labour force, urea and NPK fertilisers, and insecticides.

Laili Rahayuwati,1 Syahmida S Arsyad,2,* Rindang Ekawati,2,* Muhammad Dawam,2,* Rahmadewi Rahmadewi,2,* Septi Nurhayati,2,* Ikhsan Fahmi,3,* Sherllina Rizqi Fauziah4 1Department of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia; 2Research Centre for Population, National Research and Innovation Agency, South Jakarta, Indonesia; 3Directorate of Population and Labour Statistics, BPS Statistics Indonesia, Central Jakarta, Indonesia; 4Nursing Science Study Program, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Laili Rahayuwati, Department of Community Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung Sumedang, KM. 21., Jatinangor, Kabupaten Sumedang, West Java, 45363, Indonesia, Tel +62 812 213 8385, Fax +62 22 779 5596, Email laili.rahayuwati@unpad.ac.idAim: As individuals age, they are expected to experience a natural progression that usually involves a slight and permanent decrease in bodily functions and physical abilities. Despite this, many older people remain active in the workforce.Purpose: This study seeks to explore the correlation between the health conditions, disabilities, social factors, and demographic circumstances of elderly individuals engaged in both formal and informal employment sectors.Methods: This study utilizes an observational analytical method with a cross-sectional structure. The participants in the research involved all individuals aged 60 years and above who met the outlined criteria, totaling 15,034,946 respondents. The data analysis was conducted using multivariate logistic regression in Model II.Results: Overall, most older adults are working in informal jobs. Moreover, most respondents are 60– 69 years old, married, have a primary school certificate, own health insurance and a house, and live with family. In addition, the multivariate analysis shows the relationship between each variable and the informal sector working elderly. It is known that older women have a 1.45 times higher limited educational background, not having savings is 1.21 times, rural areas living 1.93 times, not being the head of the family is linked 1.34 times, poor health conditions are 1.01 times, and having a disability has a 1.20 times higher likelihood of informal-sector employment.Conclusion: Several variables are assigned as the determinants that increase the number of elderly working in informal sectors, including gender, education level, savings ownership, living areas, head of the family role, health status, and disability.Keywords: determinants, elderly, informal, sector, work

Previous studies developed models to predict final construction cost (FCC) values based on many inputs, which makes them difficult to use. However, relying on models with relatively few inputs will reduce the accuracy of the prediction results. This paper aims to develop an artificial neural network (ANN) model to predict the FCC based on contract cost (CC), contract duration, and project sector at an early stage of a project. The data collected and used for the ANN model was 135 Saudi Arabian construction projects. The Zavadskas and Turskis logarithmic approaches, and the Pasini method were utilized to overcome the limited data. Then, the ANN model was developed through two stages. The purpose of the first stage was to enhance the data by identifying the abnormal data using absolute percentage errors (APE). The enhanced data was used to develop the ANN in the second stage. The finding showed that the ANN model provided an average MAPE (mean absolute percentage error) of 18.7%. The MAPE of the ANN model is decreased to 8.7% on average by deleting data with an APE higher than 35%. The model allows stakeholders to evaluate the financial importance of potential risks and develop appropriate risk management strategies.

The article highlights the growing frequency of using bank cards and analyzes the difference in their use subject to the region. According to statistics, in 2022 on Russian market 88% fell on payment cards. A steady growth in the number of bank cards was observed for 10 years both with individuals and legal entities. Individuals prevail among bank card users, their share in 2022 reached 98.2%. As technologies develop and new technical solutions turn up bank cards become more accessible for customers and today there are various types of payment cards meeting different needs and preferences of users. Regional distribution of bank cards in Russia was not equal. The leading position by payment card issuance is taken by the Central Federal Region, where 136.9m cards (34.5%) were issued in 2022. The second position is taken by the Volga Federal Region – 71.4m cards or 18.0%, the third position – by the Siberian Federal Region with 43.1m cards or 10.9%. The author showed that the number and the volume of transactions made by cards during the last decade demonstrate steady growing trend both in the country and in federal regions.

The purpose of the study is to investigate the market reaction to COVID-19 and the policy response in the ASEAN stock market. The subjects of this study are companies located in ASEAN countries (Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, the Philippines, and Vietnam) as many as 2349 companies. The basic methodology of this research uses the event study method using CAR (Cumulative Abnormal Return) as a measure of market reaction. We also regressed the effect of firm characteristics (SIZE, ROA, LEV, CASH, AGE) on market reaction. According to the paper’s results, the ASEAN stock market reacted negatively to the announcement of COVID-19 cases and deaths. In this condition, the markets in Malaysia, the Philippines, and Vietnam had the worst reactions to the pandemic outbreak. Moreover, the market negatively reacted to the policy response emphasizing the spread of this disease. We also find that several sectors also provided a negative reaction to COVID-19 and the policy response in the ASEAN stock market. In addition, the company’s characteristics significantly influenced the encouragement of market reactions to the pandemic and regulations. Practical implications were provided for policymakers regarding the need to consider market conditions in interventions in the spread of the health crisis. Investors should also consider the characteristics involved in handling the COVID-19 pandemic.

The article examines the herd behaviour at sector level in the National Stock Exchange of India. The novel objective of the paper is to analyse the presence of herd behaviour during the whole, pre- and post-coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic outbreak period. The popular model proposed by Chang et al. (2000) has been deployed to examine herd formation in each sector. Five major sectors namely auto, bank, fast moving consumer goods, information technology and pharma have been considered along with NIFTY50 consisting daily closing prices of 106 companies comprising 58 from five sectoral indices and 48 from NIFTY50 for the period from 2011 to 2021 considering 1 January 2011–29 January 2020 as before COVID-19 outbreak period and 30 January 2020–31 December 2021 as after COVID-19 outbreak period. Results revealed significant evidence of anti-herd behaviour before COVID19 outbreak. At the same time, significant evidence of the existence of herd behaviour in FMCG, auto and pharma sectors have been detected after the outbreak of COVID-19 pandemic which assumes that investors tend to imitate the investment decisions of other market participants during such adverse macro events around the globe. The study tried to enhance the knowledge of investors to develop their trading strategies in the volatile market conditions by investing vigilantly and keeping such phenomenon in concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban agglomerations are the centers of carbon emissions. However, research on sector-specific carbon emissions in different urban agglomerations is still limited. Drawing on the data of China's six urban agglomerations in 2005, 2010, and 2015, this study investigates the spatio-temporal patterns, regional inequalities, and driving forces of total, industrial, transportation, and residential carbon emissions. The study found that Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei was the total and sectoral emission center among the studied urban agglomerations. Additionally, regional carbon inequalities gradually decreased, implying a growing regional synergistic carbon pattern. The driving forces of carbon emissions, including population, GDP, energy intensity, secondary industry, tertiary industry, foreign investment, urbanization, and green coverage, varied across sectors and regions. Notably, foreign investment could lead to lower carbon emissions in less developed agglomerations like Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei, the Central Plains, and the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, whereas more developed agglomerations like the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta benefited less from foreign investment. Besides, ChengYu has good ecological conditions and sustainable development modes, which linked urbanization and green space to reduced carbon emissions in the industrial sector. The findings can help formulate differentiated carbon policy and support sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Covid-19 pandemic changed the employees' perception about the organization and above all the organization's perception about the employee. Traditionally, the employee has been seen as closely related to the physical workplaces, while today employees are increasingly getting used to the idea that they can work independently from their traditional office. The purpose of this paper is to analyse whether important managerial factors such as the sector in which an organization operates or its size play a role or not in employees' preference for remote work. After collecting 459 questionnaires in different public and private organizations in Albania and carrying out empirical analyses, it turns out that in the Albanian context, neither the sector nor the size of the organization has a statistically significant impact on employee's preference for remote work. In conclusion, this paper proposes a hybrid combination of office and remote work to have more motivated employees at work, making them more goal oriented, rather than simply being physically present in the office. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of VertigO is the property of La Revue Electronique en Sciences de l'Environnement VertigO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Pakistan established the Punjab healthcare commission to improve patient care catering to professional accountability in the public and private sectors. As per the World Health Organization, quality of care comprises of six dimensions where the care must be effective, efficient, accessible, patient-centered, equitable, and safe. Objectives: The objectives are to determine if patients are satisfied with the quality of services in public and private sectors, or if any neglect was present. Methods: The literature on patient care and satisfaction was compiled using a scoping review methodology. PubMed, CINAHL Plus, and Scopus were used to collate information. Duplicates were removed using Endnote X9. Results: Of the 467 abstracts and titles that were screened for relevance, 74 were considered for full-text review and potential inclusion in the scoping review. Out of 16 included studies, 7 (43.8%) of the included studies originated from Pakistan. The characteristics of included studies such as quality of care and patient satisfaction are tabulated. Conclusion: Current literature does not provide quality- and satisfaction- focused studies, and has methodological discrepancies. It is required that the medical profession adopt a sense of self-monitoring. Gaps in service provision must be addressed by healthcare managers, policymakers, and physicians in Pakistan.

The objectives of the study were to explore the employment factors associated with long working hours, known as a risk factor for various health outcomes. The study relied on the national representative data of the 2013 French working conditions survey and a study sample of 23,378 full-time employees. Long working hours were defined by the threshold of 48 hours a week following the European Working Time Directive. The prevalence of long working hours was higher among men (13.5%) than among women (8.5%). Employees of the private sector, with permanent work contract, in small companies, and men in the services had a higher prevalence of exposure. This prevalence increased with educational and occupational levels. Our findings may help decision-makers to define preventive strategies. More research is needed to improve our knowledge of the employment factors associated with long working hours, as there may be strong differences between countries.

Introduction. The article considers the issue of integral approach towards the study of a new form of discourse – voice message (VM), which possesses its social and communicative features. The topic is of particular interest to linguists and humanity studies’ scientists, since an efficient interdisciplinary approach in research is an actual issue. The nature of voice messaging is at the intersection of the interests of sociology, cognitive science, axiology and linguistics, so the use of the integral approach allows us to fully study this discursive phenomenon. The scientific novelty of the work lies in the fact that the integral approach in discourse studies has been poorly studied, and in the absence of deep studies of the voice messaging.Methodology and sources. To study the voice messaging in line with integral approach, a linguistic modeling method is used to create the integral model based on K. Wilber’s idea of AQAL (all quadrants all levels). Discursive analysis and the sociological survey method are used to describe the nature of the voice message. Using the categorical method of “formal- logical definition of the concept”, a definition of a voice message is given.Results and discussion. The use of the integral approach made it possible to create an integral model of voice communication, consisting of 4 sectors: social, cognitive, cultural and linguistic. Each sector presents a series of qualitative findings that help determine the place and role of this communicative phenomenon in the modern paradigm.Conclusion. The social sector presents the VM as a popular form of communication among people of different ages, genders and occupations, compensating for the shortcomings of modern live communication due to the dynamism of life. From the point of view of cultural studies, the communication of the VM suggests that the modern Russian person treats time as an exhaustible valuable resource; Russian-speaking culture becomes individualistic and focuses on the speaker; society values spirituality and the ability to reflect. The daily communication via VM consists of the genre repertoire, which has a high degree of emotionality: explanation, story, heart-to-heart conversation, expression of empathy, request, apology and gratitude. The cognitive sector has given knowledge about the most common emotions in the VM – joy, sadness and surprise.

This contribution examines the role of two regulatory urban planning tools in the sustainable urban development sector in Quebec (Canada). The analysis of a corpus of PPU and PAE and interviews conducted in 2021-2022 with Quebec practitioners demonstrate a political will to regain control over real estate development and highlights its main limitations: lack of precision in their prescriptions, poor transposition into enforceable regulations, complexity of operational and legal implementation, and lack of anticipation of land dynamics. PPU and PAE remain the tools of a negotiated sustainable urbanism, admittedly coercive, but never really restrictive.

Background: Job crafting is a proactive behavior displayed by workers to modify the boundaries of their roles, adapting them to their own needs, which is positively associated with motivational processes and negatively associated with mechanisms that compromise well-being. Methods: Starting from this framework, the objective of this study is to assess the strategic role of job crafting in the relationship between job insecurity and work engagement, psychological well-being and emotional exhaustion, and also to specifically investigate how much age impacts these behaviors and the relationship between job crafting and employability. The hypotheses were explored using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) and validated using 5000 bootstrap re-samples, differentiating the models by the type of contract and organization of origin. Results: The results confirm the crucial role of job crafting in improving individual well-being and increasing processes of higher expendability in the job market and its protective role against stress mechanisms. Conclusions: Therefore, the results highlight the potentially beneficial effects of job crafting interventions, which are capable of providing tools to facilitate individual and cultural growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The primary aim of this article is to demonstrate that using the average of ratios as a representative value for measuring the health of a sector does not constitute a valid procedure. After mathematically demonstrating this objective, the article will then focus on introducing a new index for estimating the potential debt return value for a sector or group of companies. Next, the article details the start of the process for creating a new index to improve investors' understanding of the risk associated with a sector or a group of companies meeting short-term obligations based on assigned probabilities of future sales. Given that said value is intended to represent an indicator of expected liquid solvency, its construction will take treasury tensions into account. An Ordered Weighted Average type of aggregation function is used to aggregate the magnitudes in this scenario. Consequently, the second objective of the present work is the creation of this index, which provides an initial estimate of how much money can be recovered from a sector's debt. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Academic and industry experts build their careers on accurate and precise definitions and meanings of domain-specific terminology, whereas novice practitioners and lay-persons often conflate similar or similar-sounding terms to describe concepts in the same domain of interest. This is common in the space sector when individuals of different academic or practitioner backgrounds discuss "commercial" topics. In English, as in other languages, the word "space" is often followed by words such as "industry," "industry segment," "industrial base," "market," "ecosystem" and others. The practice of casually using words with ambiguous meanings may often be appropriate for informal discussion if it facilitates the communication and exchange of ideas and all parties generally understand the implications of the casual usage. This practice, however, is problematic for detailed and analytical applications requiring precision and order of thought. Grounded in contemporary organization theory and economic practice, this paper provides background discussions of different levels of analysis that characterize embedded hierarchical social systems of organizations as they pertain to space. This paper then recommends a hierarchical taxonomy for defining specific terms that describe organizations and activities within the space domain for use by practitioners, analysts and academics requiring more precise language to communicate their market analysis ideas. This taxonomy places specific terms within each level of analysis discussed and provides definitions of each, with the intention of stimulating critical discussion and potential modifications or improvements. • Using phrases like "space industry" can be vague and problematic for precise analytical tasks. • For accurate space terminology, understanding analysis levels in organizational systems is key. • This paper offers a taxonomy for clearer language in space market analysis communication. • Proper terminology aids in strategic decisions for everyone in the space sector. • Feedback on this proposed taxonomy is encouraged for potential enhancements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to examine innovation and entrepreneurship in the sports sector. The study group of our research consisted of 151 participants including coaches, sports managers, sports experts and club managers. In the first part of the data collection process, the personal information form created by the researchers was used. In the second part, innovation and entrepreneurship scales created by Tekin, M., Etlioğlu, M., and Tekin, E. (2018) were used. The data obtained in our research were evaluated at a 0.05 significance level using SPSS.25.00 package program at a 95% confidence interval. Descriptive statistics related to gender, age, specialization in the sports sector, graduation status, Professional experience, province of residence, and marital status were calculated. Skewness and kurtosis values were calculated to determine whether the data showed normality distribution. Statistically, t-test, Pearson correlation analysis, ANOVA analysis, percentage and reliability coefficient calculations, and frequency calculations were performed. As a result, while there was no statistically significant difference in the variables of gender, graduation status, province of residence, age, and Professional experience, a statistically significant difference was detected in the field of innovation and entrepreneurship in the sports sector according to the marital status, specialization in the sports sector, and the obtained general analysis results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The past few years have witnessed a proliferation of corporate net zero emission targets. Despite their growing prominence, little is known about firms' motives for, strategies towards and response pathways of net zero. This paper seeks to narrow the current gap in understanding through an analysis of 30 interview responses. We find evidence that net zero targets have been propelled by a combination of institutional and competitive pressures. Yet firms' response to these pressures, in terms of the substantivity of their commitments and strategic positioning in relation to net zero, has varied significantly. Whilst identifying a role for firm‐specific factors, we also draw attention to the importance of sectors in understanding variations in corporate responses. A further contribution of the paper is to map out different temporal trajectories of strategic positioning and offer insights into the factors that lead firms to remain static or change their position towards net zero over time. We conclude by discussing the implications of these findings for both future scholarship and the contribution of net zero commitments to public climate goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]