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The research carried out was to synthesize two material nanocomposites. The two nanoscale materials are magnetite (Fe3O4) and zinc oxide (ZnO). Synthesis was carried out using the hydtrothermal method. Then the results of the synthesis were characterized using XRD and SEM. Besides being very easy to obtain and cheap, Fe3O4 is an iron oxide which is easy to synthesize on a laboratory scale. Fe3O4 is a nanomaterial that can be applied on a wide scale. hrough this research, Fe3O4−ZnO nanocomposite powder material has been successfully obtained through the hydrothermal method. XRD analysis shows that the crystal structure formed is trigonal (Hexagonal axes), lattice parameters a = 5.63270 Å, c = 5.22090 Å. The maximum peak is at an angle of 2θ = 36.210 with a spacing of 2.4787 Å and a grain size of 49.20 nm. The results of this study are expected to be used as application materials needed in everyday life. With Fe3O4 material that is easily available, low cost and easy to synthesize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, simple and low-cost hydrothermal synthesis of Cu2O/ZnO nanocomposites with good photocatalytic activity under visible light irradiation was fully investigated. The effect of various molar ratio of copper nitrate and zinc acetate (1:1, 1:2 and 2:1) as precursor on the morphology, crystallinity and functional group were studied. Scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffraction (XRD) and UV-Vis spectrophotometer were used for characterizations. FESEM results indicate that the nanoflake-like structure with thickness of 130, 115 and 133 nm for 1:1, 1:2 and 2:1 samples. FTIR revealed that the formation of Cu was incorporated into ZnO and XRD analysis described the higher crystallinity of 1:2 samples without any other impurities. Accordingly, photocatalytic degradation of MB was achieved at 96% with 1:2 photocatalyst sample under 120 min of visible light irradiation. Our finding demonstrate that Cu2O/ZnO (1:2) can be potentially used as photocatalyst for effective degradation of methylene blue dye. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study on the performance of banana peel-activated carbon to remediate polluted water from heavy metal lead (Pb) has been done successfully. This research is quite urgent to do considering the importance of water for human life. Water pollution in Indonesia and even the world is a problem that requires attention. The high industrial activity causes lead (Pb) to become a pollutant. An adsorbent was made from banana peel used as activated carbon for removing heavy metals Pb. Banana peel is a post-harvest waste abundant, and the potential banana peel's used as an adsorbent material. The novelty of the method used is to combine physical activation with a carbonization process at a high temperature of 700°C and chemical activation with HCl solution. It found that banana peel-activated carbon had a performance % removal of heavy metals (Pb) was 98.07% at a mass of 2 grams and with an optimum stirring speed of 250 rpm. It is supported by the surface morphology formed from evenly distributed banana peel-activated carbon with open pores with a crystal structure size of 4.93 – 10.9 nm nanometers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study and characterizations of NiCo2O4/rGO as candidate of supercapacitor electrodes material performance with co-precipitation method. The compositions such as NiO pure, Co2O pure and NiCo2O4/rGO using co-precipitation methods. The measurement that have been done for both samples were XRD (X-ray diffraction), SEM (Scanning electron microscopy), CV-Meter (Current Voltage-Meter) for analysis of microstructure and electrical properties. The results showed that all samples were having one phases. XRD results confirmed that the cyrstalline phase of NiCo2O4/rGO confirmed 2θ=16.24°, 26.47°, 27.38°, 29.69°, 31.62°, 39.44°, 45.55°, 56.42°, 66.24°, 75.38°. SEM image of neat NiO, CoO, and NiCo2O4/rGO displays aggregates of an average between 1 µm with 20.000 times magnification. The conductivity decreased with addition rGO. In range 30000 Hz, conductivity of all samples is 7x10-4 S/cm, whereas the measured conductivities in all samples were around 2x10-4 S/cm to 9x10-4 S/cm. This conditions affect of the crystal defects on the bulk samples as the effect of Ni and Co2 ions subtitutions to graphene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of Fe3O4/SiO2 with the addition of TiO2 has been successfully carried out using the coprecipitation method. The effect of the addition of TiO2 on Fe3O4/SiO2 shows that affected the magnetic properties, morphology, band gap energy, and photocatalytic properties of the catalyst that affect the process photocatalysis in degrading organic compounds (methylene blue) and reducing inorganic compounds more effectively and optimally. The results of sample identification using X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) showed that the sample crystallized well with main peaks in the 2ϴ region around 32.72ᵒ and 32.45ᵒ with plane peaks (220). The result of sample characterization using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) showed that the sample was not homogeneous which was indicated by the presence of gaps and clumping of particles on the sample surface. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The synthesis of Fe3O4 – ZnO nanocomposite results is an interesting research currently which its application can be used in many ways such as gas sensor application. This research aimed to analyze the structure of magnetite (Fe3O4) - Zink Oxide (ZnO) nano composite through hydrothermal method. The procedures of Fe3O4 – ZnO nanocomposites synthesis started when Fe3O4 nanoparticles were decorated and added with ZnO. The proses of hydrothermal conducted at 180 °C for 12 hours then the synthesis results were cleaned by using water and etanol. The next step was calcined for 2 hours at 500°C and Fe3O4 – ZnO nanocomposites as the results. The sample of Fe3O4 – ZnO nanocomposites then characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD) and the pattern indicated the cubic structure index. The nanocomposites structure showed several peaks which were tapered up and the width narrowed. The results of XRD also described nanocomposite sample material has crystalline phase structure for 73.9% and of which 26.1% was amorphous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to evaluate the effect of mass and volume Shrinkage of Porous Ceramics on Volcanic Ash based on the characteristic the material and mechanical properties of Porous Ceramics Based on Volcanic Ash. The main case of the presented study is on the effect of soil development in conjunction with the weathering of volcanic ash soils on the shrinkage properties. In this case, we use linear shrinkage method. Porous ceramics are a unique class of materials with low mass density and high surface area that make them desirable for various application. The valid results have been gained that they only correspond to the mass and volume shrinkage with the composition of volcanic ash from Mount Sinabung. The high density depends on variance bentonite, volcanic ash, and active carbon. Changes in porous ceramic mass and volume after the combustion process because activated carbon evaporates during the sintering process from the density of mass shrinkage of porous ceramic and composition of Volcanic Ash. The value of mass loss and shrinkage has decreased in the composition of 0% - 15%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]