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3. Weed suppression greatly increased by plant diversity in intensively managed grasslands: A continental-scale experiment

Author

Connolly, John, Helgadóttir, Áslaug, Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Kirwan, Laura, Finn, John Anthony, Baadshaug, Ole H., Bélanger, Gilles, Black, Alistair, Delgado, Ignacio, Llurba, Rosa, Suter, Matthias, Collins, Rosemary P., Porqueddu, Claudio, Brophy, Caroline, Čop, Jure, Dalmannsdóttir, Sigridur, Elgersma, Anjo, Fothergill, Michael, Frankow-Lindberg, Bodil E., Ghesquiere, An, Golinski, Piotr, Grieu, Philippe, Gustavsson, Anne-Maj, Höglind, Mats, Huguenin-Elie, Olivier, Jørgensen, Marit, Kadziuliene, Zydre, Lunnan, Tor, Nykanen-Kurki, Paivi, Ribas, Angela, Taube, Friedhelm, Thumm, Ulrich, De Vliegher, Alex, and Lüscher, Andreas

Published
2018

7. Major shifts in species' relative abundance in grassland mixtures alongside positive effects of species diversity in yield: a continental-scale experiment

Author

Brophy, Caroline, Finn, John A., Lüscher, Andreas, Suter, Matthias, Kirwan, Laura, Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Helgadóttir, Áslaug, Baadshaug, Ole H., Bélanger, Gilles, Black, Alistair, Collins, Rosemary P., Čop, Jure, Dalmannsdottir, Sigridur, Delgado, Ignacio, Elgersma, Anjo, Fothergill, Michael, Frankow-Lindberg, Bodil E., Ghesquiere, An, Golinska, Barbara, Golinski, Piotr, Grieu, Philippe, Gustavsson, Anne-Maj, Höglind, Mats, Huguenin-Elie, Olivier, Jørgensen, Marit, Kadziuliene, Zydre, Kurki, Päivi, Llurba, Rosa, Lunnan, Tor, Porqueddu, Claudio, Thumm, Ulrich, and Connolly, John

Published
2017

9. Optimizing Drone-Based Surface Models for Prescribed Fire Monitoring.

Author

Mestre-Runge, Christian, Ludwig, Marvin, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Plaixats, Josefina, and Lobo, Agustin

Subjects
PRESCRIBED burning, FIRE management, GLOBAL Positioning System, VEGETATION monitoring, STANDARD deviations, DIGITAL elevation models
Abstract

Prescribed burning and pyric herbivory play pivotal roles in mitigating wildfire risks, underscoring the imperative of consistent biomass monitoring for assessing fuel load reductions. Drone-derived surface models promise uninterrupted biomass surveillance but require complex photogrammetric processing. In a Mediterranean mountain shrubland burning experiment, we refined a Structure from Motion (SfM) and Multi-View Stereopsis (MVS) workflow to diminish biases in 3D modeling and RGB drone imagery-based surface reconstructions. Given the multitude of SfM-MVS processing alternatives, stringent quality oversight becomes paramount. We executed the following steps: (i) calculated Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) between Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) checkpoints to assess SfM sparse cloud optimization during georeferencing; (ii) evaluated elevation accuracy by comparing the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) of six surface and thirty terrain clouds against GNSS readings and known box dimensions; and (iii) complemented a dense cloud quality assessment with density metrics. Balancing overall accuracy and density, we selected surface and terrain cloud versions for high-resolution (2 cm pixel size) and accurate (DSM, MAE = 57 mm; DTM, MAE = 48 mm) Digital Elevation Model (DEM) generation. These DEMs, along with exceptional height and volume models (height, MAE = 12 mm; volume, MAE = 909.20 cm3) segmented by reference box true surface area, substantially contribute to burn impact assessment and vegetation monitoring in fire management systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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22. Net Ecosystem CO 2 Exchange in Mountain Grasslands Is Seriously Endangered by the Temperature Increase in the Eastern Pyrenees.

Author

Ibañez, Mercedes and Sebastià, Maria Teresa

Subjects
*GRASSLANDS, *CARBON dioxide, *GRASSLAND soils, *EDDY flux, *TEMPERATURE, *HIGH temperatures, *PLANT phenology, *ECOSYSTEMS
Abstract

Mediterranean mountain grasslands, including the Pyrenees, are highly vulnerable to climate change, due to the increasing temperatures and heat weaves frequency, among other factors. However, the effects of the increased temperatures on CO2 fluxes in those ecosystems have been barley explored. To address this gap of knowledge, we established the FLUXPYR-ECOFUN micrometeorological flux network, which included three eddy covariance flux stations in grasslands along a management and a climatic gradient (montane to subalpine) at the Pyrenees; we aimed at assessing interactions among environmental and phenological drivers on CO2 fluxes, with special attention at the role of temperature as CO2 flux driver under the different climatic and management conditions across the studied gradient. Our results showed that temperature drove CO2 dynamics along the studied gradient in different ways. At the subalpine grassland net CO2 uptake was linearly enhanced by temperature and CO2 fluxes had not reached a temperature shifting point yet (according to the segmented linear models) at which the net uptake would become CO2 emissions. This suggests that in the short term, and under the incoming enhanced temperatures, sub-alpine grasslands in the Pyrenees might increase their net CO2 uptake, although the mid long-term uptake may be compromised. On the contrary, the montane grasslands already presented CO2 emissions at the highest temperatures, most likely driven by a decrease in the greenness and photosynthesis, which suggests that montane grasslands are expected to reduce their CO2 sink capacity under the increasing temperatures. Overall, mountain grasslands in the mid- to long-term in the Pyrenees may experience a reduction in their net CO2 uptake capacity under the current climate change scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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26. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, Idoia, primary, Pielech, Remigiusz, additional, Dembicz, Iwona, additional, Gillet, François, additional, Kozub, Łukasz, additional, Marcenò, Corrado, additional, Reitalu, Triin, additional, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, additional, Guarino, Riccardo, additional, Chytrý, Milan, additional, Pakeman, Robin J., additional, Preislerová, Zdenka, additional, Axmanová, Irena, additional, Burrascano, Sabina, additional, Bartha, Sándor, additional, Boch, Steffen, additional, Bruun, Hans Henrik, additional, Conradi, Timo, additional, De Frenne, Pieter, additional, Essl, Franz, additional, Filibeck, Goffredo, additional, Hájek, Michal, additional, Jiménez‐Alfaro, Borja, additional, Kuzemko, Anna, additional, Molnár, Zsolt, additional, Pärtel, Meelis, additional, Pätsch, Ricarda, additional, Prentice, Honor C., additional, Roleček, Jan, additional, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., additional, Terzi, Massimo, additional, Winkler, Manuela, additional, Wu, Jianshuang, additional, Aćić, Svetlana, additional, Acosta, Alicia T. R., additional, Afif, Elias, additional, Akasaka, Munemitsu, additional, Alatalo, Juha M., additional, Aleffi, Michele, additional, Aleksanyan, Alla, additional, Ali, Arshad, additional, Apostolova, Iva, additional, Ashouri, Parvaneh, additional, Bátori, Zoltán, additional, Baumann, Esther, additional, Becker, Thomas, additional, Belonovskaya, Elena, additional, Benito Alonso, José Luis, additional, Berastegi, Asun, additional, Bergamini, Ariel, additional, Bhatta, Kuber Prasad, additional, Bonini, Ilaria, additional, Büchler, Marc‐Olivier, additional, Budzhak, Vasyl, additional, Bueno, Álvaro, additional, Buldrini, Fabrizio, additional, Campos, Juan Antonio, additional, Cancellieri, Laura, additional, Carboni, Marta, additional, Ceulemans, Tobias, additional, Chiarucci, Alessandro, additional, Chocarro, Cristina, additional, Conti, Luisa, additional, Csergő, Anna Mária, additional, Cykowska‐Marzencka, Beata, additional, Czarniecka‐Wiera, Marta, additional, Czarnocka‐Cieciura, Marta, additional, Czortek, Patryk, additional, Danihelka, Jiří, additional, Bello, Francesco, additional, Deák, Balázs, additional, Demeter, László, additional, Deng, Lei, additional, Diekmann, Martin, additional, Dolezal, Jiri, additional, Dolnik, Christian, additional, Dřevojan, Pavel, additional, Dupré, Cecilia, additional, Ecker, Klaus, additional, Ejtehadi, Hamid, additional, Erschbamer, Brigitta, additional, Etayo, Javier, additional, Etzold, Jonathan, additional, Farkas, Tünde, additional, Farzam, Mohammad, additional, Fayvush, George, additional, Fernández Calzado, María Rosa, additional, Finckh, Manfred, additional, Fjellstad, Wendy, additional, Fotiadis, Georgios, additional, García‐Magro, Daniel, additional, García‐Mijangos, Itziar, additional, Gavilán, Rosario G., additional, Germany, Markus, additional, Ghafari, Sahar, additional, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, additional, Grytnes, John‐Arvid, additional, Güler, Behlül, additional, Gutiérrez‐Girón, Alba, additional, Helm, Aveliina, additional, Herrera, Mercedes, additional, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., additional, Ingerpuu, Nele, additional, Jägerbrand, Annika K., additional, Jandt, Ute, additional, Janišová, Monika, additional, Jeanneret, Philippe, additional, Jeltsch, Florian, additional, Jensen, Kai, additional, Jentsch, Anke, additional, Kącki, Zygmunt, additional, Kakinuma, Kaoru, additional, Kapfer, Jutta, additional, Kargar, Mansoureh, additional, Kelemen, András, additional, Kiehl, Kathrin, additional, Kirschner, Philipp, additional, Koyama, Asuka, additional, Langer, Nancy, additional, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, additional, Lepš, Jan, additional, Li, Ching‐Feng, additional, Li, Frank Yonghong, additional, Liendo, Diego, additional, Lindborg, Regina, additional, Löbel, Swantje, additional, Lomba, Angela, additional, Lososová, Zdeňka, additional, Lustyk, Pavel, additional, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., additional, Ma, Wenhong, additional, Maccherini, Simona, additional, Magnes, Martin, additional, Malicki, Marek, additional, Manthey, Michael, additional, Mardari, Constantin, additional, May, Felix, additional, Mayrhofer, Helmut, additional, Meier, Eliane Seraina, additional, Memariani, Farshid, additional, Merunková, Kristina, additional, Michelsen, Ottar, additional, Molero Mesa, Joaquín, additional, Moradi, Halime, additional, Moysiyenko, Ivan, additional, Mugnai, Michele, additional, Naqinezhad, Alireza, additional, Natcheva, Rayna, additional, Ninot, Josep M., additional, Nobis, Marcin, additional, Noroozi, Jalil, additional, Nowak, Arkadiusz, additional, Onipchenko, Vladimir, additional, Palpurina, Salza, additional, Pauli, Harald, additional, Pedashenko, Hristo, additional, Pedersen, Christian, additional, Peet, Robert K., additional, Pérez‐Haase, Aaron, additional, Peters, Jan, additional, Pipenbaher, Nataša, additional, Pirini, Chrisoula, additional, Pladevall‐Izard, Eulàlia, additional, Plesková, Zuzana, additional, Potenza, Giovanna, additional, Rahmanian, Soroor, additional, Rodríguez‐Rojo, Maria Pilar, additional, Ronkin, Vladimir, additional, Rosati, Leonardo, additional, Ruprecht, Eszter, additional, Rusina, Solvita, additional, Sabovljević, Marko, additional, Sanaei, Anvar, additional, Sánchez, Ana M., additional, Santi, Francesco, additional, Savchenko, Galina, additional, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, additional, Shyriaieva, Dariia, additional, Silva, Vasco, additional, Škornik, Sonja, additional, Šmerdová, Eva, additional, Sonkoly, Judit, additional, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, additional, Staniaszek‐Kik, Monika, additional, Stevens, Carly, additional, Stifter, Simon, additional, Suchrow, Sigrid, additional, Swacha, Grzegorz, additional, Świerszcz, Sebastian, additional, Talebi, Amir, additional, Teleki, Balázs, additional, Tichý, Lubomír, additional, Tölgyesi, Csaba, additional, Torca, Marta, additional, Török, Péter, additional, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, additional, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, additional, Turisová, Ingrid, additional, Ushimaru, Atushi, additional, Valkó, Orsolya, additional, Van Mechelen, Carmen, additional, Vanneste, Thomas, additional, Vasheniak, Iuliia, additional, Vassilev, Kiril, additional, Viciani, Daniele, additional, Villar, Luis, additional, Virtanen, Risto, additional, Vitasović‐Kosić, Ivana, additional, Vojtkó, András, additional, Vynokurov, Denys, additional, Waldén, Emelie, additional, Wang, Yun, additional, Weiser, Frank, additional, Wen, Lu, additional, Wesche, Karsten, additional, White, Hannah, additional, Widmer, Stefan, additional, Wolfrum, Sebastian, additional, Wróbel, Anna, additional, Yuan, Zuoqiang, additional, Zelený, David, additional, Zhao, Liqing, additional, and Dengler, Jürgen, additional

Published
2021
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27. Benchmarking plant diversity of Palaearctic grasslands and other open habitats

Author

Biurrun, Idoia, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Lukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Preislerová, Zdenka, Axmanová, Irena, Burrascano, Sabina, Bartha, Sándor, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Essl, Franz, Filibeck, Goffredo, Hájek, Michal, Jiménez- Alfaro, Borja, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Prasad Bhatta, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobias, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergo, Anna Maria, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka-Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiri, de Bello, Francesco, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Drevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, Maria Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgios, Garcia-Margo, Daniel, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John- Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez- Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jagerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, Andras, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching- Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososova, Zdenka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunkova, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquin, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez- Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall- Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria-Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Swierszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Teleki, Balázs, Tichy, Lubomir, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, Dengler, Jürgen, Biurrun, Idoia, Biurrun, Idoia, Pielech, Remigiusz, Dembicz, Iwona, Gillet, François, Kozub, Lukasz, Marcenò, Corrado, Reitalu, Triin, Van Meerbeek, Koenraad, Guarino, Riccardo, Chytrý, Milan, Pakeman, Robin J., Preislerová, Zdenka, Axmanová, Irena, Burrascano, Sabina, Bartha, Sándor, Boch, Steffen, Bruun, Hans Henrik, Conradi, Timo, De Frenne, Pieter, Essl, Franz, Filibeck, Goffredo, Hájek, Michal, Jiménez- Alfaro, Borja, Kuzemko, Anna, Molnár, Zsolt, Pärtel, Meelis, Pätsch, Ricarda, Prentice, Honor C., Roleček, Jan, Sutcliffe, Laura M. E., Terzi, Massimo, Winkler, Manuela, Wu, Jianshuang, Aćić, Svetlana, Acosta, Alicia T. R., Afif, Elias, Akasaka, Munemitsu, Alatalo, Juha M., Aleffi, Michele, Aleksanyan, Alla, Ali, Arshad, Apostolova, Iva, Ashouri, Parvaneh, Bátori, Zoltán, Baumann, Esther, Becker, Thomas, Belonovskaya, Elena, Benito Alonso, José Luis, Berastegi, Asun, Bergamini, Ariel, Prasad Bhatta, Kuber, Bonini, Ilaria, Büchler, Marc-Olivier, Budzhak, Vasyl, Bueno, Álvaro, Buldrini, Fabrizio, Campos, Juan Antonio, Cancellieri, Laura, Carboni, Marta, Ceulemans, Tobias, Chiarucci, Alessandro, Chocarro, Cristina, Conti, Luisa, Csergo, Anna Maria, Cykowska-Marzencka, Beata, Czarniecka-Wiera, Marta, Czarnocka-Cieciura, Marta, Czortek, Patryk, Danihelka, Jiri, de Bello, Francesco, Deák, Balázs, Demeter, László, Deng, Lei, Diekmann, Martin, Dolezal, Jiri, Dolnik, Christian, Drevojan, Pavel, Dupré, Cecilia, Ecker, Klaus, Ejtehadi, Hamid, Erschbamer, Brigitta, Etayo, Javier, Etzold, Jonathan, Farkas, Tünde, Farzam, Mohammad, Fayvush, George, Fernández Calzado, Maria Rosa, Finckh, Manfred, Fjellstad, Wendy, Fotiadis, Georgios, Garcia-Margo, Daniel, Garcia-Mijangos, Itziar, Gavilán, Rosario G., Germany, Markus, Ghafari, Sahar, Giusso del Galdo, Gian Pietro, Grytnes, John- Arvid, Güler, Behlül, Gutiérrez- Girón, Alba, Helm, Aveliina, Herrera, Mercedes, Hüllbusch, Elisabeth M., Ingerpuu, Nele, Jagerbrand, Annika K., Jandt, Ute, Janišová, Monika, Jeanneret, Philippe, Jeltsch, Florian, Jensen, Kai, Jentsch, Anke, Kacki, Zygmunt, Kakinuma, Kaoru, Kapfer, Jutta, Kargar, Mansoureh, Kelemen, Andras, Kiehl, Kathrin, Kirschner, Philipp, Koyama, Asuka, Langer, Nancy, Lazzaro, Lorenzo, Lepš, Jan, Li, Ching- Feng, Li, Frank Yonghong, Liendo, Diego, Lindborg, Regina, Löbel, Swantje, Lomba, Angela, Lososova, Zdenka, Lustyk, Pavel, Luzuriaga, Arantzazu L., Ma, Wenhong, Maccherini, Simona, Magnes, Martin, Malicki, Marek, Manthey, Michael, Mardari, Constantin, May, Felix, Mayrhofer, Helmut, Seraina Meier, Eliane, Memariani, Farshid, Merunkova, Kristina, Michelsen, Ottar, Molero Mesa, Joaquin, Moradi, Halime, Moysiyenko, Ivan, Mugnai, Michele, Naqinezhad, Alireza, Natcheva, Rayna, Ninot, Josep M., Nobis, Marcin, Noroozi, Jalil, Nowak, Arkadiusz, Onipchenko, Vladimir, Palpurina, Salza, Pauli, Harald, Pedashenko, Hristo, Pedersen, Christian, Peet, Robert K., Pérez- Haase, Aaron, Peters, Jan, Pipenbaher, Nataša, Pirini, Chrisoula, Pladevall- Izard, Eulàlia, Plesková, Zuzana, Potenza, Giovanna, Rahmanian, Soroor, Rodriguez-Rojo, Maria-Pilar, Ronkin, Vladimir, Rosati, Leonardo, Ruprecht, Eszter, Rusina, Solvita, Sabovljević, Marko, Sanaei, Anvar, Sánchez, Ana M., Santi, Francesco, Savchenko, Galina, Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Shyriaieva, Dariia, Silva, Vasco, Škornik, Sonja, Šmerdová, Eva, Sonkoly, Judit, Sperandii, Marta Gaia, Staniaszek-Kik, Monika, Stevens, Carly, Stifter, Simon, Suchrow, Sigrid, Swacha, Grzegorz, Swierszcz, Sebastian, Talebi, Amir, Teleki, Balázs, Tichy, Lubomir, Tölgyesi, Csaba, Torca, Marta, Török, Péter, Tsarevskaya, Nadezda, Tsiripidis, Ioannis, Turisová, Ingrid, Ushimaru, Atushi, Valkó, Orsolya, Van Mechelen, Carmen, Vanneste, Thomas, Vasheniak, Iuliia, Vassilev, Kiril, Viciani, Daniele, Villar, Luis, Virtanen, Risto, Vitasović-Kosić, Ivana, Vojtkó, András, Vynokurov, Denys, Waldén, Emelie, Wang, Yun, Weiser, Frank, Wen, Lu, Wesche, Karsten, White, Hannah, Widmer, Stefan, Wolfrum, Sebastian, Wróbel, Anna, Yuan, Zuoqiang, Zelený, David, Zhao, Liqing, and Dengler, Jürgen

Abstract

Understanding fine-grain diversity patterns across large spatial extents is fundamental for macroecological research and biodiversity conservation. Using the GrassPlot database, we provide benchmarks of fine-grain richness values of Palaearctic open habitats for vascular plants, bryophytes, lichens and complete vegetation (i.e., the sum of the former three groups). Location: Palaearctic biogeographic realm. Methods: We used 126,524 plots of eight standard grain sizes from the GrassPlot database: 0.0001, 0.001, 0.01, 0.1, 1, 10, 100 and 1,000 m2 and calculated the mean richness and standard deviations, as well as maximum, minimum, median, and first and third quartiles for each combination of grain size, taxonomic group, biome, region, vegetation type and phytosociological class. Results: Patterns of plant diversity in vegetation types and biomes differ across grain sizes and taxonomic groups. Overall, secondary (mostly semi-natural) grasslands and natural grasslands are the richest vegetation type. The open-access file ”GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks” and the web tool “GrassPlot Diversity Explorer” are now available online (https://edgg.org/databases/GrasslandDiversityExplorer) and provide more insights into species richness patterns in the Palaearctic open habitats. Conclusions: The GrassPlot Diversity Benchmarks provide high-quality data on species richness in open habitat types across the Palaearctic. These benchmark data can be used in vegetation ecology, macroecology, biodiversity conservation and data quality checking. While the amount of data in the underlying GrassPlot database and their spatial coverage are smaller than in other extensive vegetation-plot databases, species recordings in GrassPlot are on average more complete, making it a valuable complementary data source in macroecology.

Published
2021

30. Cereal-legume mixtures increase net CO2 uptake in a forage system of the Eastern Pyrenees

Author

Ibañez, Mercedes, Altimir, Núria, Ribas, Àngela, Eugster, Werner, and Sebastià, Maria-Teresa

Subjects
Light response, ecosystem respiration (Reco), Gross primary production (GPP), light response, management, monocultures, net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE), Ecosystem respiration, Gross primary production, Monocultures
Abstract

Forage systems are the major land use, and provide essential resources for animal feeding. Assessing the influence of forage species on net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) is key to develop management strategies that can help to mitigate climate change, while optimizing productivity of these systems. However, little is known about the effect of forage species on CO2 exchange fluxes and net biome production (NBP), considering: species ecophysiological responses; growth and fallow periods separately; and the management associated with the particular sown species. Our study assesses the influence of cereal monocultures vs. cereal legume mixtures on (1) ecosystem scale CO2 fluxes, for the whole crop season and separately for the two periods of growth and fallow; (2) potential sensitivities of CO2 exchange related to short-term variations in light, temperature and soil water content; and (3) NBP during the growth period; this being the first long term (seven years) ecosystem scale CO2 fluxes dataset of an intensively managed forage system in the Pyrenees region. Our results provide strong evidence that cereal-legume mixtures lead to higher net CO2 uptake than cereal monocultures, as a result of higher gross CO2 uptake, while respiratory fluxes did not significantly increase. Also, management associated with cereal legume mixtures favoured vegetation voluntary regrowth during the fallow period, which was decisive for the cumulative net CO2 uptake of the entire crop season. All cereal legume mixtures and some cereal monocultures had a negative NBP (net gain of C) during the growth period, indicating C input to the system, besides the yield. Overall, cereal legume mixtures enhanced net CO2 sink capacity of the forage system, while ensuring productivity and forage quality. We would like to thank F. Gouriveau, E. Ceschia and J. Elbers for their critical contribution to the installation of the eddy covariance tower and to data analysis, and D. Estany and H. Sarri for field assistance. The flux tower was installed during the FLUXPYR project (EFA34/08, INTERREG IV-A POCTEFA, financed by EU-ERDF, Generalitat de Catalunya and Conseil Régional Midi-Pyrénées). The following additional projects also contributed with funding to this work: CAPACITI (FP7/2007-2013 grant agreement n° 275855), AGEC 2012 (Generalitat de Catalunya), CAPAS (Spanish Science Foundation, CGL2010-22378-C03-01), BIOGEI (Spanish Science Foundation, CGL2013-49142-C2-1-R, supported by a FPI fellowship for Mercedes Ibañez, BES-2014-069243) and IMAGINE (Spanish Science Foundation, CGL2017-85490-R). We would like to acknowledge the Forest Science and Technology Centre of Catalonia (CTFC) for support with study site maintenance.

Published
2020

31. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author

Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Sol Agro et hydrosystème Spatialisation (SAS), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-INSTITUT AGRO Agrocampus Ouest, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Centre for Ecology and Hydrology [Edinburgh] (CEH), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Wageningen University and Research [Wageningen] (WUR), School of Communication, Charles Sturt University [Australia], Department of Environmental & Geographical Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University (MMU), Department of Physics, Institute of Agricultural Sciences [Zürich], Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), Unité de recherche Biogéochimie des Ecosystèmes Forestiers (BEF), Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Norwegian Meteorological Institute [Oslo] (MET), Agro-BioTech Gembloux, Université de Liège, Unité de bioclimatologie, Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Servizi Forestali, Provincia Autonoma di Bolzano, Agenzia per l'Ambiente, Research Institute for Nature and Forest (INBO), Department of Biology, University of Antwerp (UA), Institut für Meteorologie und Klimaforschung - Atmosphärische Umweltforschung (IMK-IFU), Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT), INRES Bodenwissenschaften, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, Ecosystèmes, biodiversité, évolution [Rennes] (ECOBIO), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR), Université de Rennes (UR)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Rennes 2 (UR2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Meteorology, Faculty of Wood Technology, Poznan' University of Life Sciences, Poznan University of Life Sciences-Poznan University of Life Sciences, Climate and Global Change Research [Helsinki], Finnish Meteorological Institute (FMI), Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Faculty of Environment Engineering and Spatial Management, Department of Meteorology, Poznan University of Life Sciences, Institute for Agricultural Climate Research, Centre for Ecology and Hydrology, Biogéochimie et écologie des milieux continentaux (Bioemco), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Observatoire des Abeilles, Institute of Plant, Animal and Agroecosystem Sciences, NERC Centre of Ecology and Hydrology (CEH), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Ecologie et Ecophysiologie Forestières [devient SILVA en 2018] (EEF), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de Lorraine (UL), Centre d'Immunologie de Marseille - Luminy (CIML), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Edinburgh Research Station, Earth System Science and Climate Change Group, Max Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry (MPI-BGC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Agronomy Institute, Technical University of Lisbon, Atmospheric Composition Research [Helsinki], Division of Ecosystems Processes Lab. of Plants Ecological Physiology, Institute of Systems Biology and Ecology, Inst Agroenvironm & Forest Biol, National Research Council of Italy | Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute, Slovak Hydrometeorological Institute (SHMU), Neftel Research Expertise, Centre d’Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Evolutive (CEFE), Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Institut Agro - Montpellier SupAgro, Biosystems Division [Roskilde], Risø National Laboratory for Sustainable Energy (Risø DTU), Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU)-Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Mechanical Engineering Department, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade Técnica de Lisboa (IST), IT University of Copenhagen (ITU), Laboratory of Functional Ecology and Global Change (ECOFUN), Centre de Ciència i Tecnologia Forestal de Catalunya (CTFC), Department of Forest Sciences [Helsinki], Faculty of Agriculture and Forestry [Helsinki], Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki-Helsingin yliopisto = Helsingfors universitet = University of Helsinki, Université Catholique de Louvain = Catholic University of Louvain (UCL), Institute of Soil Sciences, Vienna, University of Vienna [Vienna], Bush Estate, Centre for Ecology & Hydrology, GOCE-CT-2003-505572, Sixth Framework Programme, 282910, Seventh Framework Programme, European Project: 282910,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-ENV-2011,ECLAIRE(2011), European Project: 28980,CARBOEUROPE-IP, AGROCAMPUS OUEST, Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Research Institute for Nature and Forest, Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Institut Ecologie et Environnement (INEE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Rennes (OSUR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-AgroParisTech-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU), Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche [Roma] (CNR), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre international d'études supérieures en sciences agronomiques (Montpellier SupAgro)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-Institut national d’études supérieures agronomiques de Montpellier (Montpellier SupAgro), Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut national d'enseignement supérieur pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (Institut Agro)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU)-Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), IT University of Copenhagen, University of Helsinki-University of Helsinki, Université Paul-Valéry - Montpellier 3 (UPVM)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Jonchère, Laurent, Effects of Climate Change on Air Pollution Impacts and Response Strategies for European Ecosystems - ECLAIRE - - EC:FP7:ENV2011-10-01 - 2015-09-30 - 282910 - VALID, ASSESSMENT OF THE EUROPEAN TERRESTRIAL CARBON BALANCE - CARBOEUROPE-IP - 28980 - OLD, and UCL - SST/ELI/ELIE - Environmental Sciences

Subjects
[SDE] Environmental Sciences, Evolution, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, TROPICAL FORESTS, Atmospheric Sciences, DRY DEPOSITION, Behavior and Systematics, QUALITY-CONTROL, greenhouse gases, ddc:550, BOREAL FORESTS, SDG 13 - Climate Action, LONG-TERM IMPACTSEDDY-COVARIANCEREACTIVE NITROGENDRY DEPOSITIONORGANIC NITROGENTROPICAL FORESTSQUALITY-CONTROLBOREAL FORESTSOXIDE FLUXESTREE GROWTH, REACTIVE NITROGEN, Biology, Earth-Surface Processes, ecosystem, TREE GROWTH, Ecology, Physics, LONG-TERM IMPACTS, European forest, EDDY-COVARIANCE, Chemistry, Earth sciences, ORGANIC NITROGEN, [SDE.MCG] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, semi-natural vegetation, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, carbon-nitrogen, OXIDE FLUXES
Abstract

The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC∕dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO−3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from −70 to 826 g C m−2 yr−1 at total wet + dry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 g N m−2 yr−1 and from −4 to 361 g C m−2 yr−1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 g N m−2 yr−1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by denitrification. Nitrogen losses in the form of NO, N2O and especially NO−3 were on average 27 % (range 6 %–54 %) of Ndep at sites with Ndep 3 g N m−2 yr−1. Such large levels of Nr loss likely indicate that different stages of N saturation occurred at a number of sites. The joint analysis of the C and N budgets provided further hints that N saturation could be detected in altered patterns of forest growth. Net ecosystem productivity increased with Nr deposition up to 2–2.5 g N m−2 yr−1, with large scatter associated with a wide range in carbon sequestration efficiency (CSE, defined as the NEP ∕ GPP ratio). At elevated Ndep levels (> 2.5 g N m−2 yr−1), where inorganic Nr losses were also increasingly large, NEP levelled off and then decreased. The apparent increase in NEP at low to intermediate Ndep levels was partly the result of geographical cross-correlations between Ndep and climate, indicating that the actual mean dC∕dN response at individual sites was significantly lower than would be suggested by a simple, straightforward regression of NEP vs. Ndep. The authors gratefully acknowledge financial support by the European Commission through the two FP6 integrated projects CarboEurope Integrated Project (project no. GOCE-CT-2003-505572) and NitroEurope Integrated Project (project no. 017841), the FP7 ECLAIRE project (grant agreement no. 282910), and the ABBA COST Action ES0804. We are also thankful for funding from the French GIP-ECOFOR consortium under the F-ORE-T forest observation and experimentation network, as well as from the MDM-2017-0714 Spanish grant. Computer time for EMEP model runs was supported by the Research Council of Norway through the NOTUR project EMEP (NN2890K). Finalization of the paper was supported by the UK Natural Environment Research Council award number NE/R016429/1 as part of the UKSCAPE programme delivering national capability.

Published
2020

32. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1:Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., De Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., DIse, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre Jean, Augustin, Jurgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Sim Tang, Y., Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, Van DIjk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., De Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., DIse, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre Jean, Augustin, Jurgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Sim Tang, Y., Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, Van DIjk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, and Nemitz, Eiko

Abstract

The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC=dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from 70 to 826 gCm2 yr1 at total wetCdry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 gNm2 yr1 and from 4 to 361 g Cm2 yr1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 gNm2 yr1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by

Published
2020

33. Carbon-nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation - Part 1 : Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author

Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., De Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., DIse, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre Jean, Augustin, Jurgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Sim Tang, Y., Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, Van DIjk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, Sutton, Mark A., Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., De Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., DIse, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, Andre Jean, Augustin, Jurgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radoslaw, Aurela, Mika, Berveiller, Daniel, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Delpierre, Nicolas, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Dufrêne, Eric, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horvath, Laszlo, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Sim Tang, Y., Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, Van DIjk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamas, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, and Nemitz, Eiko

Abstract

The impact of atmospheric reactive nitrogen (Nr) deposition on carbon (C) sequestration in soils and biomass of unfertilized, natural, semi-natural and forest ecosystems has been much debated. Many previous results of this dC=dN response were based on changes in carbon stocks from periodical soil and ecosystem inventories, associated with estimates of Nr deposition obtained from large-scale chemical transport models. This study and a companion paper (Flechard et al., 2020) strive to reduce uncertainties of N effects on C sequestration by linking multi-annual gross and net ecosystem productivity estimates from 40 eddy covariance flux towers across Europe to local measurement-based estimates of dry and wet Nr deposition from a dedicated collocated monitoring network. To identify possible ecological drivers and processes affecting the interplay between C and Nr inputs and losses, these data were also combined with in situ flux measurements of NO, N2O and CH4 fluxes; soil NO3 leaching sampling; and results of soil incubation experiments for N and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions, as well as surveys of available data from online databases and from the literature, together with forest ecosystem (BASFOR) modelling. Multi-year averages of net ecosystem productivity (NEP) in forests ranged from 70 to 826 gCm2 yr1 at total wetCdry inorganic Nr deposition rates (Ndep) of 0.3 to 4.3 gNm2 yr1 and from 4 to 361 g Cm2 yr1 at Ndep rates of 0.1 to 3.1 gNm2 yr1 in short semi-natural vegetation (moorlands, wetlands and unfertilized extensively managed grasslands). The GHG budgets of the forests were strongly dominated by CO2 exchange, while CH4 and N2O exchange comprised a larger proportion of the GHG balance in short semi-natural vegetation. Uncertainties in elemental budgets were much larger for nitrogen than carbon, especially at sites with elevated Ndep where Nr leaching losses were also very large, and compounded by the lack of reliable data on organic nitrogen and N2 losses by den

Published
2020

40. Carbon/nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author

Flechard, Chris R., Ibrom, Andreas, Skiba, Ute M., de Vries, Wim, Van Oijen, Marcel, Cameron, David R., Dise, Nancy B., Korhonen, Janne F.J., Buchmann, Nina, Legout, Arnaud, Simpson, David, Sanz, Maria J., Aubinet, Marc, Loustau, Denis, Montagnani, Leonardo, Neirynck, Johan, Janssens, Ivan A., Pihlatie, Mari, Kiese, Ralf, Siemens, Jan, Francez, André-Jean, Augustin, Jürgen, Varlagin, Andrej, Olejnik, Janusz, Juszczak, Radosław, Aurela, Mika, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., Dämmgen, Ulrich, Djuricic, Vesna, Drewer, Julia, Eugster, Werner, Fauvel, Yannick, Fowler, David, Frumau, Arnoud, Granier, André, Gross, Patrick, Hamon, Yannick, Helfter, Carole, Hensen, Arjan, Horváth, László, Kitzler, Barbara, Kruijt, Bart, Kutsch, Werner L., Lobo-Do-Vale, Raquel, Lohila, Annalea, Longdoz, Bernard, Marek, Michal V., Matteucci, Giorgio, Mitosinkova, Marta, Moreaux, Virginie, Neftel, Albrecht, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, Pilegaard, Kim, Pita, Gabriel, Sanz, Francisco, Schjoerring, Jan K., Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, Tang, Y. Sim, Uggerud, Hilde, Urbaniak, Marek, van Dijk, Netty, Vesala, Timo, Vidic, Sonja, Vincke, Caroline, Weidinger, Tamás, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, Nemitz, Eiko, and Sutton, Mark A.

Abstract

ISSN:1810-6277 ISSN:1810-6285

Published
2019

41. Supplementary material to "Carbon / nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling"

Author

Flechard, Chris R., primary, Ibrom, Andreas, additional, Skiba, Ute M., additional, de Vries, Wim, additional, van Oijen, Marcel, additional, Cameron, David R., additional, Dise, Nancy B., additional, Korhonen, Janne F. J., additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Legout, Arnaud, additional, Simpson, David, additional, Sanz, Maria J., additional, Aubinet, Marc, additional, Loustau, Denis, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Neirynck, Johan, additional, Janssens, Ivan A., additional, Pihlatie, Mari, additional, Kiese, Ralf, additional, Siemens, Jan, additional, Francez, André-Jean, additional, Augustin, Jürgen, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Olejnik, Janusz, additional, Juszczak, Radosław, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., additional, Dämmgen, Ulrich, additional, Djuricic, Vesna, additional, Drewer, Julia, additional, Eugster, Werner, additional, Fauvel, Yannick, additional, Fowler, David, additional, Frumau, Arnoud, additional, Granier, André, additional, Gross, Patrick, additional, Hamon, Yannick, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Hensen, Arjan, additional, Horváth, László, additional, Kitzler, Barbara, additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Kutsch, Werner L., additional, Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Longdoz, Bernard, additional, Marek, Michal V., additional, Matteucci, Giorgio, additional, Mitosinkova, Marta, additional, Moreaux, Virginie, additional, Neftel, Albrecht, additional, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, additional, Pilegaard, Kim, additional, Pita, Gabriel, additional, Sanz, Francisco, additional, Schjoerring, Jan K., additional, Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, additional, Tang, Y. Sim, additional, Uggerud, Hilde, additional, Urbaniak, Marek, additional, van Dijk, Netty, additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Vidic, Sonja, additional, Vincke, Caroline, additional, Weidinger, Tamás, additional, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, additional, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, and Sutton, Mark A., additional

Published
2019
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42. Carbon / nitrogen interactions in European forests and semi-natural vegetation. Part I: Fluxes and budgets of carbon, nitrogen and greenhouse gases from ecosystem monitoring and modelling

Author

Flechard, Chris R., primary, Ibrom, Andreas, additional, Skiba, Ute M., additional, de Vries, Wim, additional, van Oijen, Marcel, additional, Cameron, David R., additional, Dise, Nancy B., additional, Korhonen, Janne F. J., additional, Buchmann, Nina, additional, Legout, Arnaud, additional, Simpson, David, additional, Sanz, Maria J., additional, Aubinet, Marc, additional, Loustau, Denis, additional, Montagnani, Leonardo, additional, Neirynck, Johan, additional, Janssens, Ivan A., additional, Pihlatie, Mari, additional, Kiese, Ralf, additional, Siemens, Jan, additional, Francez, André-Jean, additional, Augustin, Jürgen, additional, Varlagin, Andrej, additional, Olejnik, Janusz, additional, Juszczak, Radosław, additional, Aurela, Mika, additional, Chojnicki, Bogdan H., additional, Dämmgen, Ulrich, additional, Djuricic, Vesna, additional, Drewer, Julia, additional, Eugster, Werner, additional, Fauvel, Yannick, additional, Fowler, David, additional, Frumau, Arnoud, additional, Granier, André, additional, Gross, Patrick, additional, Hamon, Yannick, additional, Helfter, Carole, additional, Hensen, Arjan, additional, Horváth, László, additional, Kitzler, Barbara, additional, Kruijt, Bart, additional, Kutsch, Werner L., additional, Lobo-do-Vale, Raquel, additional, Lohila, Annalea, additional, Longdoz, Bernard, additional, Marek, Michal V., additional, Matteucci, Giorgio, additional, Mitosinkova, Marta, additional, Moreaux, Virginie, additional, Neftel, Albrecht, additional, Ourcival, Jean-Marc, additional, Pilegaard, Kim, additional, Pita, Gabriel, additional, Sanz, Francisco, additional, Schjoerring, Jan K., additional, Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, additional, Tang, Y. Sim, additional, Uggerud, Hilde, additional, Urbaniak, Marek, additional, van Dijk, Netty, additional, Vesala, Timo, additional, Vidic, Sonja, additional, Vincke, Caroline, additional, Weidinger, Tamás, additional, Zechmeister-Boltenstern, Sophie, additional, Butterbach-Bahl, Klaus, additional, Nemitz, Eiko, additional, and Sutton, Mark A., additional

Published
2019
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43. Cereal-legume mixtures increase net CO2 uptake in a forage system of the Eastern Pyrenees.

Author

Ibañez, Mercedes, Altimir, Núria, Ribas, Àngela, Eugster, Werner, and Sebastià, Maria-Teresa

Subjects
LEGUMES, FORAGE plants, FORAGE, SOIL moisture, ANIMAL feeding, WATER temperature, SOIL temperature
Abstract

Forage systems are the major land use, and provide essential resources for animal feeding. Assessing the influence of forage species on net ecosystem CO2 exchange (NEE) is key to develop management strategies that can help to mitigate climate change, while optimizing productivity of these systems. However, little is known about the effect of forage species on CO2 exchange fluxes and net biome production (NBP), considering: species ecophysiological responses; growth and fallow periods separately; and the management associated with the particular sown species. Our study assesses the influence of cereal monocultures vs. cereal legume mixtures on (1) ecosystem scale CO2 fluxes, for the whole crop season and separately for the two periods of growth and fallow; (2) potential sensitivities of CO2 exchange related to short-term variations in light, temperature and soil water content; and (3) NBP during the growth period; this being the first long term (seven years) ecosystem scale CO2 fluxes dataset of an intensively managed forage system in the Pyrenees region. Our results provide strong evidence that cereal-legume mixtures lead to higher net CO2 uptake than cereal monocultures, as a result of higher gross CO2 uptake, while respiratory fluxes did not significantly increase. Also, management associated with cereal legume mixtures favoured vegetation voluntary regrowth during the fallow period, which was decisive for the cumulative net CO2 uptake of the entire crop season. All cereal legume mixtures and some cereal monocultures had a negative NBP (net gain of C) during the growth period, indicating C input to the system, besides the yield. Overall, cereal legume mixtures enhanced net CO2 sink capacity of the forage system, while ensuring productivity and forage quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2020
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45. Coastal Ecosystems: Experiences and Recommendations for Environmental Monitoring Programs

Author

Sebastiá, María Teresa and Sebastiá, María Teresa

Subjects
Coastal ecology, Environmental monitoring
Abstract

The aim of this book is to assist environmental authorities and technicians in the design of effective environmental monitoring programs.Consensus exists that any good management program must be able to distinguish between natural variability and changes induced by anthropogenic activities. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to implement continuous monitoring programs. Sampling design is critical for the success of these programs due to the high spatio-temporal variability of coastal ecosystems. No potential sources of pollution should be neglected in sampling design, such as submarine groundwater discharge (SGD), which has been recognized as an important link between the continent and the ocean. Additionally, sampling design should avoid Type II decision errors (false negatives), which means a problem is not found when in fact it does exist. Being able to detect undesired effects is indispensable to adopt preventive and corrective measures. It is essential that these programs change their primarily anthropocentric focus to an ecocentric focus. The need to cover large spatial regions periodically makes necessary the development and application of new technologies such as remote sensing data into monitoring programs. The development of environmental “diagnostic” tools to allow early warning detection of pollution exposure, such as biomarker measurements in bioindicator organisms, are also valuable tools for environmental monitoring, which are examined in this book.

Published
2015

46. Balanç de carboni: els embornals a Catalunya

Author

Vayreda, Jordi, Retana, Javier, Savé, Robert, Funes, I., Sebastià, Maria Teresa, Calvo, Eva María, Catalán, Jordi, and Batalla, M.

Abstract

28 pages, 3 figues, 5 tables, En aquest capítol es determinen els estocs i els embornals de carboni (C) dels diferents sistemes terrestres i marins. El bosc és el sistema terrestre que manté en estoc més quantitat de carboni per hectàrea, 149,5 Mg Cha−1 (en una proporció vegetació/sòl [v:s] de 60:100). Els prats ocupen la segona posició, amb 121,4 Mg Cha−1 (v:s d ’11:10 0 ), i a continuació trobem els conreus llenyosos i els matollars, amb 104,0 Mg Cha−1 (v:s de 12:100) i 112,1 Mg Cha−1 (v:s de 15:100), respectivament. En la darrera posició, hi ha els conreus herbacis, amb 100,8 Mg Cha−1 (v:s d’1:100). La mar catalana ha anat augmentant l’estoc de carboni des del 1750 fins al 2001, amb un còmput acumulat de 12 Mg Cha−1. Les praderies de fanerògames, que acumulen 330 Mg Cha−1 (en una proporció planta/sediment de 4:100) són molt destacables. Les aigües continentals mantenen 47,9 Mg Cha−1, però una part molt elevada és carboni inorgànic dissolt del sistema carbònic-carbonats, que es calcula que pot ser trenta vegades superior al carboni orgànic. [...]

Published
2016

47. Phytoplankton: Biology, Classification, and Environmental Impacts

Author

Sebastiá, María Teresa and Sebastiá, María Teresa

Subjects
Phytoplankton
Abstract

Phytoplankton plays a key role in aquatic ecosystems where it is the major biomass producer. Phytoplankton is characterized by a high time-space variability which is determined by abiotic and biotic factors. In this book, the role of abiotic factors (light, temperature, nutrients, wind, hydrodynamics, CO2 and UV radiation) and biotic factors (bacteria, zooplankton, macrophytes and fish) is discussed. Anthropogenic pressure can alter those environmental factors, causing undesired changes in the composition and biomass of phytoplankton. This book emphasizes the effects on water quality, but bottom sediment is also analyzed. The effectiveness of management measures to restore impacted ecosystems is reviewed and ecological modeling is used as a prediction tool. In this book, the authors describe case studies in different systems such as natural lakes, reservoirs, marine systems and aquatic microcosm systems, covering a wide range of geographic areas from African tropical lakes and Brazilian subtropical lakes to peri-alpine European lakes.

Published
2014

48. Weed suppression greatly increased by plant diversity in intensively managed grasslands: A continental-scale experiment

Author

Connolly, John, primary, Sebastià, Maria-Teresa, additional, Kirwan, Laura, additional, Finn, John Anthony, additional, Llurba, Rosa, additional, Suter, Matthias, additional, Collins, Rosemary P., additional, Porqueddu, Claudio, additional, Helgadóttir, Áslaug, additional, Baadshaug, Ole H., additional, Bélanger, Gilles, additional, Black, Alistair, additional, Brophy, Caroline, additional, Čop, Jure, additional, Dalmannsdóttir, Sigridur, additional, Delgado, Ignacio, additional, Elgersma, Anjo, additional, Fothergill, Michael, additional, Frankow-Lindberg, Bodil E., additional, Ghesquiere, An, additional, Golinski, Piotr, additional, Grieu, Philippe, additional, Gustavsson, Anne-Maj, additional, Höglind, Mats, additional, Huguenin-Elie, Olivier, additional, Jørgensen, Marit, additional, Kadziuliene, Zydre, additional, Lunnan, Tor, additional, Nykanen-Kurki, Paivi, additional, Ribas, Angela, additional, Taube, Friedhelm, additional, Thumm, Ulrich, additional, De Vliegher, Alex, additional, and Lüscher, Andreas, additional

Published
2017
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49. Interactions between global change components drive plant species richness patterns within communities in mountain grasslands independently of topography.

Author

Collins, Beverly, Rodríguez, Antonio, Sebastià, Maria‐Teresa, and Lamo, Xavier

Subjects
CLIMATE change, ECOLOGY, GRAZING, FRAGMENTED landscapes, MOUNTAIN grasslands
Abstract

Questions: How do interactions between global change factors (climate and land use, including livestock management) shape plant species richness patterns in mountain grassland communities? Does topography interact with global change factors to modulate their effect on within‐community plant diversity? Location: Pyrenees, Spain. Methods: We used an initial set of 20 predictors: climatic, biogeographic, livestock management and topographic. Our data set included a wide range of management and climatic conditions from mediterranean to alpine environments. After a variable selection procedure with random forest, we built GLM to explain species richness in plant communities through 100‐m2 plots (SR100), employing backward–forward selection with AIC and other techniques. Results: The main filters of SR100 were the regional factors (climate and biogeography, with 23% and 17%, respectively, of the total contribution to SR100), followed by livestock management (14%) and topography (9%). Interactions between climatic and biogeographic variables were almost as important as the main effects (18%). Fragmentation effects were higher under low mean minimum temperatures and summer precipitation compared with other conditions. Connectivity interacted with most of the climatic variables. Moderately high stocking rates mitigated plant community species losses triggered by decreased connectivity. Sheep‐grazed grassland communities had lower SR100 than differently managed grasslands under low fragmentation scenarios; conversely, sheep grazing enhanced SR100 when fragmentation was high. Topographic predictors accounted for lower variability in SR100 than regional and management factors and were independent from these. Conclusions: Several multi‐scale spatial filters determine SR100 of grassland communities in the Pyrenees, interacting through complex processes. Climate can enhance negative effects of fragmentation and lack of connectivity on SR100 under stressful conditions. Livestock management modified the impact of patch disaggregation and fragmentation on SR100. Our work shows how plant diversity in grassland communities in the Pyrenees are determined by several multi‐scale spatial filters, grouped in climate, biogeography, grazing management and topography variables, interacting through complex processes. For instance, climate can enhance negative effects of fragmentation and lack of connectivity under stressful conditions, and livestock management modified the impact of patch disaggregation and fragmentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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