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Understanding how convective storms respond to changes in their environment on a local scale is critical to begin to elucidate how Earth’s changing climate will affect storms globally. There is now a vast amount of storm-scale observational data, including from geostationary and low-earth orbiting satellites and ground-based observing systems. However, employing these datasets to build comprehensive databases of convective storms and the local environments that form them requires new analysis methodologies. Here, in preparation for the NASA INCUS satellite mission, we have used the tobac tracking package to identify, track and analyze storms and their environments with these big datasets. Using tobac to track storms with geostationary satellite and ground-based radar data, we have built a comprehensive, months-long database of convective storms over their entire lifetime. For each individual convective storm, the database contains their formation environments (including convective available potential energy, wind shear, etc.), evolution over time, and, where applicable, additional data, such as those from low earth orbiting satellites. In this presentation, we will employ this vast database of clouds and storms to quantify the relationship, on a storm scale, between thermodynamic and dynamic environments and storm properties, including lifetime, growth rate, and ice and liquid water paths.

The convective mass flux within tropical convection influences the large-scale circulation, drives cloud radiative forcing, has integral links to the production of fresh water, and impacts extreme weather. CMF forms the focus of the recently selected Investigation of Convective Updrafts (INCUS) mission to be launched in 2026. This NASA mission is comprised of 3 spacecraft, all of which will carry a Ka-band cloud radar. One spacecraft will also carry a passive microwave radiometer. The 3 smallsats are to be separated by time intervals of 30, 90 and 120 seconds, thus allowing for the rapid and systematic sampling of the same storm with all three spacecraft. These time intervals (delta-ts) also facilitate the investigation of the magnitude and evolution of CMF, which will be examined as a function of storm type, storm lifecycle and environmental properties. INCUS will therefore provide the first global systematic investigation into CMF and its evolution within deep tropical convection.A wide range of research tasks have been conducted in preparation for the INCUS mission and the development of the INCUS algorithms including: (1) running and analyzing extensive suites of large-domain, high-resolution model simulations; (2) examining ground-based Doppler radar observations obtained using adaptive scanning techniques during several recent field campaigns; and (3) evaluating anvil characteristics using passive microwave radiometer and geoIR data. This talk will focus on three specific highlights arising from these modeling and observational analyses. First, we will examine the temporal scales of updraft variability. Second, we will analyze the relationship between ice water path cores and convective updrafts. Finally, we will demonstrate proof of the INCUS delta-t concept linking changes in reflectivity to CMF through the use of ground-based radar analyses.

Moisture convergence, latent heat, upper-level divergence all contribute to the genesis and growth of convective updrafts. In order to characterize the morphology of this evolution, and identify its constituent modes, we analyzed a large data set of synthetic updrafts simulated using a convection-resolving differential-equation solver run at high spatial and temporal resolutions (respectively 100 meters and 10 seconds). The analysis started by fitting each simulated updraft with a 6-parameter analytic representation, so that the joint statistics of the 6 parameters and of their evolution in time can be quantified. The first result is that an effective 6-parameter representation does exist and approximates the vertical profiles with a residual relative error whose r.m.s. value is smaller than 10% for 59% of all cases, and smaller than 20% for 89% of all cases. The r.m.s value of the absolute error is smaller than 0.4 m/s for 97% of all cases. Having established the suitability of this approximation, the variability of the 6 parameters for the 2-minute average Wa of a profile W was quantified, as was the variability of the evolution of W – Wa over a two-minute interval. The analysis reveals that 4 scalars suffice to capture the bulk of the variability of the evolution of convective updrafts. The modes (spanning the range of values of these 4 scalars) turn out to be related to the maximum amplitudes of w and to the heights at which they are achieved. This description paves the way toward the characterization of the environmental determinants of updraft evolution and, in turn, the determination of the effects of updraft characteristics on upper-level air density, divergence and the resulting anvil clouds.

In this article we present the results of a morphological analysis of four mostly complete non-returning boomerangs and one shaped wooden fragment recovered in 2017 and 2018 from Cooper Creek near ...

The techniques presented in article will allow the facial plastic specialist to use the anatomy of each individual patient as a guide for the surgical release of the brow performed during endoscopic brow lift. The author presents his 15 years of experience in which he developed this approach. Five different surgical releases of the brow will be demonstrated and discussed in terms of which patients would best benefit from which release. Adopting this approach has made the predictability of the authors brow lift results much better and therefore improved patient satisfaction. This concept has not been described in the literature and the author firmly believes using a preoperative anatomical approach is a better way to approach endoscopic brow lift surgery.

The Protection Systems Branch of Combat Capabilities Development Command Armaments Center develops and sustains Emergency Management systems focusing on Homeland Defense technologies and interoperability. Artificial Intelligence computing algorithms and methods and the intelligent fusion of multiple Emergency Management correlated data sources including social media and extremist forums, as well as criminal, government, and medical databases can be used as a decision aid in the identification, prevention, response, and recovery of subversive incidents. This research and application can ultimately provide law enforcement and Emergency Management personnel with predictive trends, which would feed decision-making during all phases of an emergency.

Mid-face rejuvenation has long been a difficult area for aesthetic facial surgeons. In this article the author reviews the techniques currently available and examines in-depth two techniques that he feels are noteworthy for their efficacy in improving mid-face aging. One of these techniques is the "SMAS division mid-face lift" which targets aging of the mid-face associated with a deep nasolabial fold. The other technique is known as a "SOOF lift blepharoplasty" and helps to improve aging of the lower lid associated with a tear trough deformity. Facial aesthetic surgeons should gain a better appreciation of the approaches available for improving this challenging area after digesting the contents of this review article.

Esthetic facial rejuvenation has gained widespread acceptance among the general public. As more and younger patients seek facial rejuvenation, surgeons have been searching for improved techniques, providing longer-lasting, natural-appearing results while decreasing peri- and postoperative sequelae. Toward this end, the endoscope was adapted to esthetic facial surgery. The intent of this article is to provide (1) the author's bias to rejuvenation of the midface and (2) an in-depth review in how the endoscope can be useful for selective rejuvenation of the midface.

Coulomb-excitation experiments to study electromagnetic properties of radioactive even-even Hg isotopes were performed with 2.85 MeV/nucleon mercury beams from REX-ISOLDE. Magnitudes and relative signs of the reduced E2 matrix elements that couple the ground state and low-lying excited states in Hg182-188 were extracted. Information on the deformation of the ground and the first excited 0+ states was deduced using the quadrupole sum rules approach. Results show that the ground state is slightly deformed and of oblate nature, while a larger deformation for the excited 0+ state was noted in Hg182,184. The results are compared to beyond mean field and interacting-boson based models and interpreted within a two-state mixing model. Partial agreement with the model calculations was obtained. The presence of two different structures in the light even-mass mercury isotopes that coexist at low excitation energy is firmly established. ispartof: PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS vol:112 issue:16 ispartof: location:United States status: published

26 pages, 4 tables, 10 figures.-- PACS nrs.: 21.10.−k; 23.20.−g; 23.20.Lv; 23.20.Nx., The γ-rays following the β- decay of Rn-227 have been investigated by means of γ-ray singles and γγ-coincidence measurements using an array of 12 Compton-suppressed Ge detectors. The fast-timing βγγ(t) method has been used to measure six level lifetimes. Multipolarities of 32 transitions in Fr-227 have been established by measuring conversion electrons with a mini-orange electron spectrometer. Most of the observed transitions have been placed in a level scheme comprising 38 excited states of Fr-227, The low-lying levels are interpreted in terms of seven rotational bands. The observed E1 strengths for two transitions connecting the K-π = 3/2(±) bands are consistent with the transitional character of Fr-227, and confirm the presence of octupole correlations in this nucleus., This work was supported in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada, the Norwegian Research Council, the Polish Scientific Research Committee under grant KBN-2-P03B-001-11, the Spanish CICYT under contracts AEN94-0833-C02-01 and AEN94-0833-C02-02, the Swedish Natural Science Research Council, and the UK Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council. J.F.C.C. and J.F.S. acknowledge receipt of EPSRC studentships.

Just over one hundred years ago, Ernest Rutherford presented an interpretation of alpha-particle scattering experiments, performed a couple of years earlier by Geiger and Marsden, to the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society. The work was summarised shortly afterwards in a paper in the Philosophical Magazine. He postulated that a dense speck of matter must exist at the centre of an atom (later to become known as the nucleus) if the details of the experiments, particularly the yield of alpha particles scattered through large angles, were to be explained. The nuclear hypothesis, combined with the experimental work by Moseley on X-rays and Bohr's theoretical ideas, both also initiated at the Victoria University of Manchester, established our view of atomic structure and gave birth to the field of nuclear physics. The Rutherford Centennial Conference on Nuclear Physics was held at The University of Manchester in August 2011 to celebrate this anniversary by addressing the wide range of contemporary topics that characterise modern nuclear physics. This set of proceedings covers areas including nuclear structure and astrophysics, hadron structure and spectroscopy, fundamental interactions studied within the nucleus and results of relativistic heavy-ion collisions. We would like to thank all those who presented their recent research results at the conference; the proceedings stand as a testament to the excitement and interest that still pervades the pursuit of this field of physics. We would also like to thank those who contributed in other ways to the conference. To colleagues at the Manchester Museum of Science and Industry for putting together an exhibition to coincide with the conference that included the manuscript of the 1911 paper, letters, notebooks and equipment used by Rutherford. These items were kindly loaned by Cambridge and Manchester Universities. Winton Capital generously supported this exhibition. We would also like to thank Professor Mary Fowler, Rutherford's great-granddaughter, and Professor Stephen Watts, Head of the School of Physics and Astronomy at Manchester, for opening the exhibition as part of the welcome reception for the conference. The reception was only possible with support from Canberra Industries. We are grateful to His Excellency Mr Derek Leask, New Zealand High Commissioner to the United Kingdom, to Professor Rod Coombs, Deputy President of The University of Manchester, and to Professor David Phillips, the President of the Royal Society of Chemistry, for their contributions to the formal opening of the conference. Manchester City Council kindly supported a civic reception hosted by the Lord Mayor of the City of Manchester, Councillor Harry Lyons JP, at Manchester Town Hall. The Ogden Trust helped support the conference dinner and Professor George Dracoulis provided an entertaining after dinner speech. Thank you for these contributions to the social programme of the conference. In addition to the exhibition at the Museum, which was open to the public until October 2011, the conference programme also included a series of public evening lectures and we are grateful both to the speakers (David Jenkins, Alan Perkins and John Roberts) and to those providing support for the public engagement activities (the Institute of Physics Nuclear Physics Group, the Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine, the Nuclear Institute and the Science and Technology Facilities Council). We would also like to thank the European Physical Society for providing conference travel grants to a number of young scientists. I would like to take this opportunity to thank the other members of the UK Organising Committee for their help in making the conference a success and for their work in putting these proceedings together. In addition, the International Advisory Committee provided essential advice that contributed to the selection of the plenary speakers who were without exception engaging, interesting and entertaining, giving a really excellent set of presentations. Finally we are also pleased to express our thanks to the Conference Office of the Institute of Physics for their invaluable support in organising this event. We are especially grateful to Dawn Stewart for her responsive and efficient day-to-day handling of this event, as well as to Claire Garland for her planning and management of this event. This conference is the second in a series of conferences that began with the Rutherford Jubilee Conference held in Manchester in 1961, which is described in one of the contributions to these proceedings. I do hope that at least some of the delegates from the Centennial Conference will be able to attend the next one, fifty years hence in 2061, just as we were honoured to have some of the Jubilee delegates with us for the Centennial. If I am still around, I doubt that I will have the energy then to be conference chair. I would also not like to attempt to predict the plenary programme, but I hope that it will be as vibrant and exciting as the 2011 conference. Professor Sean J Freeman Conference Chair On behalf of the UK Organising Committee Ernest Rutherford (Photograph courtesy of The University of Manchester) Edited by: Sean Freeman (The University of Manchester) Andrei Andreyev (University of the West of Scotland/The University of York) Alison Bruce (University of Brighton) Alick Deacon (The University of Manchester) Dave Jenkins (University of York) Dave Joss (University of Liverpool) Douglas MacGregor (University of Glasgow) Paddy Regan (University of Surrey) John Simpson (University of Daresbury) Garry Tungate (University of Birmingham) Bob Wadsworth (University of York) Dan Watts (University of Edinburgh) International Advisory Panel: A Aprahamian (Notre Dame, USA) J Aysto (Jyvaskyla, Finland) F Aziaez (Orsay, France) J-P Blaizot (Saclay, France/ECT, Italy) A Bracco (Milan, Italy) H Caines (Yale, USA) C W de Jaeger (JLAB, USA) J Dilling (TRIUMF, Canada) J Dobacewski (Warsaw, Poland) G Dracoulis (ANU, Australia) S J Freedman (LBL, USA) M Hass (Weizmann Institute, Israel) M Huyse (Leuven, Belgium) P Jones (Birmingham, UK) D Khao (Hanoi, Vietnam) R Krucken (Munich, Germany) K Langanke (Darmstadt, Germany) C Lister (Argonne, USA) G A Miller (University of Washington, USA) D Morrissey (MSU, USA) T Motobayashi (RIKEN, Japan) S Nagamiya (J-PARC, Japan) W Nazarewicz (ORNL, USA) S Mullins (iThemba, South Africa) T Nakamura (Tokyo, Japan) P Roussel Chomaz (GANIL, France) R Ribas (Sao Paolo, Brazil) M Vanderhaeghen (Mainz, Germany) U Wiedner (Uppsala, Sweden) F Xu (Peking University, China) Q Zhao (IHEP, Bejing) W Zajc (Columbia, USA)

Patients with facial paralysis have a degree of lagophthalmos and paralytic ectropion. We present our experience in the surgical management of 25 consecutive patients treated for these problems. Paralytic lagophthalmos was corrected using gold weights inserted into the upper eyelid. The advantages and disadvantages of this surgical technique are reviewed. Medial canthoplasty and lateral canthoplasty were performed to rectify paralytic ectropion. Ancillary procedures included browpexy, upper-lid blepharoplasty, and temporalis sling. The results were excellent in 23 of 25 patients and good in the remaining two. After a minimum of 6 months' follow-up, there were no complications. The authors believe that the above procedures will yield consistently excellent cosmetic and functional results in patients with paralysis of the eyelids.

Preoperative photographs, using standard views, have long been used by rhinoplastic surgeons, both for surgical planning and as the basis for discussion with patients concerning surgical goals and realistic expectations of outcome postoperatively. Undoubtedly, still photographs offer certain advantages when used for these purposes. They are easily obtained, reproduced, and stored. They allow for uniformity in the documentation and reporting of surgical outcomes. Finally, to obtain still photographs, little special expertise or expensive equipment is required. However, unless instant photography equipment is used, developing these photographs takes a minimum of several hours and, therefore, may necessitate a second visit by the patient for review and discussion. Also, even when adjustments have been "drawn on" by the surgeon, it is difficult for most patients to imagine what they might look like postoperatively. This causes added anxiety for some patients and can frustrate a surgeon who wishes to adequately convey to a

• Complications associated with using the pectoralis major myocutaneous flap increase significantly when a portion of the paddle is randomized and/or the flap is closed under tension. The clavicular division technique was devised to increase the length of the flap to help alleviate this problem. Thirty pectoralis major muscle flaps were dissected in fresh cadavers, using the clavicular division technique. The length of the flap after transposition was measured and recorded before and after clavicular division. The distance from the sternal notch to the clavicular division point was also recorded. The average gain in length was found to be 2.9 cm, with a range of 0.5 cm to 6.5 cm. The clavicular division technique has been used since in five patients. The increase in length has allowed us to discard some or all of the random portion of the flap. We advocate the use of this procedure on any patient where the surgeon is concerned about the viability of the random portion of the flap and/or when it is felt that the tension on the suture line is excessive. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1989;115:224-227)

Giant tracheoesophageal fistulas (TEF) present a significant management problem for the head and neck surgeon. Chronic aspiration and sepsis are associated complications that occur in these patients, who are frequently already debilitated from pre-existing medical calamities. The combination results in prolonged morbidity and frequent mortality. Recently, we have managed two patients with this difficult problem. The first patient was managed using conventional methods well described in the literature with an unsuccessful outcome. The second was managed differently using a two-stage approach. The esophageal stream was first excluded from the respiratory system via a surgical approach, which to the best of our knowledge has not been previously described in the literature. After a period of convalescence, the patient's alimentary tract is reconstituted with a gastric pull-up, reversed gastric tube, or colon interposition. We propose this as an alternative method of management for TEF.