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3 results on '"Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.)"'

1. Drivers of the microbial metabolic quotient across global grasslands

Author

Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Zimmermann, S. (S.), Schütz, M. (M.), Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Broadbent, A. A. (A. A. D.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Davies, K. F. (K. F.), Eisenhauer, N. (N.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Fay, P. A. (P. A.), Hagedorn, F. (F.), Knops, J. M. (J. M. H.), Lembrechts, J. J. (J. J.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), McCulley, R. L. (R. L.), Melbourne, B. A. (B. A.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.), Silviera, M. L. (M. L.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Yahdjian, L. (L.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Zimmermann, S. (S.), Schütz, M. (M.), Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Broadbent, A. A. (A. A. D.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Davies, K. F. (K. F.), Eisenhauer, N. (N.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Fay, P. A. (P. A.), Hagedorn, F. (F.), Knops, J. M. (J. M. H.), Lembrechts, J. J. (J. J.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), McCulley, R. L. (R. L.), Melbourne, B. A. (B. A.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.), Silviera, M. L. (M. L.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Yahdjian, L. (L.), and Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.)

Abstract

Aim: The microbial metabolic quotient (MMQ; mg CO₂-C/mg MBC/h), defined as the amount of microbial CO₂ respired (MR; mg CO₂-C/kg soil/h) per unit of microbial biomass C (MBC; mg C/kg soil), is a key parameter for understanding the microbial regulation of the carbon (C) cycle, including soil C sequestration. Here, we experimentally tested hypotheses about the individual and interactive effects of multiple nutrient addition (nitrogen + phosphorus + potassium + micronutrients) and herbivore exclusion on MR, MBC and MMQ across 23 sites (five continents). Our sites encompassed a wide range of edaphoclimatic conditions; thus, we assessed which edaphoclimatic variables affected MMQ the most and how they interacted with our treatments. Location: Australia, Asia, Europe, North/South America. Time period: 2015–2016. Major taxa: Soil microbes. Methods: Soils were collected from plots with established experimental treatments. MR was assessed in a 5-week laboratory incubation without glucose addition, MBC via substrate-induced respiration. MMQ was calculated as MR/MBC and corrected for soil temperatures (MMQsoil). Using linear mixed effects models (LMMs) and structural equation models (SEMs), we analysed how edaphoclimatic characteristics and treatments interactively affected MMQsoil. Results: MMQsoil was higher in locations with higher mean annual temperature, lower water holding capacity and lower soil organic C concentration, but did not respond to our treatments across sites as neither MR nor MBC changed. We attributed this relative homeostasis to our treatments to the modulating influence of edaphoclimatic variables. For example, herbivore exclusion, regardless of fertilization, led to greater MMQsoil only at sites with lower soil organic C (< 1.7%). Main conclusions: Our results pinpoint the main variables related to MMQsoil across grasslands and emphasize the importance of the local edaphoclimatic conditions in controlling the response of the C cycle to anthro

Published
2023

2. Nutrients cause grassland biomass to outpace herbivory

Author

Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Harpole, W. S. (W. S.), Adler, P. B. (P. B.), Arnillas, C. A. (C. A.), Bugalho, M. N. (M. N.), Cadotte, M. W. (M. W.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Campana, S. (S.), Dickman, C. R. (C. R.), Dickson, T. L. (T. L.), Donohue, I. (I.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Firn, J. L. (J. L.), Graff, P. (P.), Gruner, D. S. (D. S.), Heckman, R. W. (R. W.), Koltz, A. M. (A. M.), Komatsu, K. J. (K. J.), Lannes, L. S. (L. S.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), Martina, J. P. (J. P.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Mortensen, B. (B.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Venterink, H. O. (H. Olde), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Price, J. N. (J. N.), Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Sankaran, M. (M.), Schuetz, M. (M.), Sitters, J. (J.), Stevens, C. J. (C. J.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Wilfahrt, P. A. (P. A.), Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.), Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Harpole, W. S. (W. S.), Adler, P. B. (P. B.), Arnillas, C. A. (C. A.), Bugalho, M. N. (M. N.), Cadotte, M. W. (M. W.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Campana, S. (S.), Dickman, C. R. (C. R.), Dickson, T. L. (T. L.), Donohue, I. (I.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Firn, J. L. (J. L.), Graff, P. (P.), Gruner, D. S. (D. S.), Heckman, R. W. (R. W.), Koltz, A. M. (A. M.), Komatsu, K. J. (K. J.), Lannes, L. S. (L. S.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), Martina, J. P. (J. P.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Mortensen, B. (B.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Venterink, H. O. (H. Olde), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Price, J. N. (J. N.), Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Sankaran, M. (M.), Schuetz, M. (M.), Sitters, J. (J.), Stevens, C. J. (C. J.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Wilfahrt, P. A. (P. A.), and Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.)

Abstract

Human activities are transforming grassland biomass via changing climate, elemental nutrients, and herbivory. Theory predicts that food-limited herbivores will consume any additional biomass stimulated by nutrient inputs (‘consumer-controlled’). Alternatively, nutrient supply is predicted to increase biomass where herbivores alter community composition or are limited by factors other than food (‘resource-controlled’). Using an experiment replicated in 58 grasslands spanning six continents, we show that nutrient addition and vertebrate herbivore exclusion each caused sustained increases in aboveground live biomass over a decade, but consumer control was weak. However, at sites with high vertebrate grazing intensity or domestic livestock, herbivores consumed the additional fertilization-induced biomass, supporting the consumer-controlled prediction. Herbivores most effectively reduced the additional live biomass at sites with low precipitation or high ambient soil nitrogen. Overall, these experimental results suggest that grassland biomass will outstrip wild herbivore control as human activities increase elemental nutrient supply, with widespread consequences for grazing and fire risk.

Published
2020

3. Soil net nitrogen mineralisation across global grasslands

Author

Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Zimmermann, S. (S.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Schutz, M. (M.), Frey, B. (B.), Firn, J. L. (J. L.), Fay, P. A. (P. A.), Hagedorn, F. (F.), Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.), Harpole, W. S. (W. S.), Knops, J. M. (J. M. H.), McCulley, R. L. (R. L.), Broadbent, A. A. (A. A. D.), Stevens, C. J. (C. J.), Silveira, M. L. (M. L.), Adler, P. B. (P. B.), Baez, S. (S.), Biederman, L. A. (L. A.), Blair, J. M. (J. M.), Brown, C. S. (C. S.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Collins, S. L. (S. L.), Daleo, P. (P.), di Virgilio, A. (A.), Ebeling, A. (A.), Eisenhauer, N. (N.), Esch, E. (E.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Hagenah, N. (N.), Hautier, Y. (Y.), Kirkman, K. P. (K. P.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Prober, S. M. (S. M.), Roscher, C. (C.), Sankaran, M. (M.), Siebert, J. (J.), Speziale, K. L. (K. L.), Tognetti, P. M. (P. M.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Yahdjian, L. (L.), Moser, B. (B.), Risch, A. C. (A. C.), Zimmermann, S. (S.), Ochoa-Hueso, R. (R.), Schutz, M. (M.), Frey, B. (B.), Firn, J. L. (J. L.), Fay, P. A. (P. A.), Hagedorn, F. (F.), Borer, E. T. (E. T.), Seabloom, E. W. (E. W.), Harpole, W. S. (W. S.), Knops, J. M. (J. M. H.), McCulley, R. L. (R. L.), Broadbent, A. A. (A. A. D.), Stevens, C. J. (C. J.), Silveira, M. L. (M. L.), Adler, P. B. (P. B.), Baez, S. (S.), Biederman, L. A. (L. A.), Blair, J. M. (J. M.), Brown, C. S. (C. S.), Caldeira, M. C. (M. C.), Collins, S. L. (S. L.), Daleo, P. (P.), di Virgilio, A. (A.), Ebeling, A. (A.), Eisenhauer, N. (N.), Esch, E. (E.), Eskelinen, A. (A.), Hagenah, N. (N.), Hautier, Y. (Y.), Kirkman, K. P. (K. P.), MacDougall, A. S. (A. S.), Moore, J. L. (J. L.), Power, S. A. (S. A.), Prober, S. M. (S. M.), Roscher, C. (C.), Sankaran, M. (M.), Siebert, J. (J.), Speziale, K. L. (K. L.), Tognetti, P. M. (P. M.), Virtanen, R. (R.), Yahdjian, L. (L.), and Moser, B. (B.)

Abstract

Soil nitrogen mineralisation (Nmin), the conversion of organic into inorganic N, is important for productivity and nutrient cycling. The balance between mineralisation and immobilisation (net Nmin) varies with soil properties and climate. However, because most global-scale assessments of net Nmin are laboratory-based, its regulation under field-conditions and implications for real-world soil functioning remain uncertain. Here, we explore the drivers of realised (field) and potential (laboratory) soil net Nmin across 30 grasslands worldwide. We find that realised Nmin is largely explained by temperature of the wettest quarter, microbial biomass, clay content and bulk density. Potential Nmin only weakly correlates with realised Nmin, but contributes to explain realised net Nmin when combined with soil and climatic variables. We provide novel insights of global realised soil net Nmin and show that potential soil net Nmin data available in the literature could be parameterised with soil and climate data to better predict realised Nmin.

Published
2019

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