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Natural resource managers worldwide face a growing challenge: Intensifying global change increasingly propels ecosystems toward irreversible ecological transformations. This nonstationarity challenges traditional conservation goals and human well-being. It also confounds a longstanding management paradigm that assumes a future that reflects the past. As once-familiar ecological conditions disappear, managers need a new approach to guide decision-making. The resist–accept–direct (RAD) framework, designed for and by managers, identifies the options managers have for responding and helps them make informed, purposeful, and strategic choices in this context. Moving beyond the diversity and complexity of myriad emerging frameworks, RAD is a simple, flexible, decision-making tool that encompasses the entire decision space for stewarding transforming ecosystems. Through shared application of a common approach, the RAD framework can help the wider natural resource management and research community build the robust, shared habits of mind necessary for a new, twenty-first-century natural resource management paradigm.

In this chapter, the authors explore the influence of a synchronous teacher leadership coaching design on supporting an educator's micro-credential experience within an established system. The authors include several experienced leadership coaches who had the opportunity to support teachers in this work. The coaching model created by this partnership was particularly interesting because it integrated established best practices of micro-credentials (e.g., tied to financial incentives), while also addressing some of the key challenges (e.g., communication). Findings include that coaching teacher leaders was especially useful to those teachers hesitant to start or complete a micro-credential on their own, thus making coaching a valuable tool for districts looking to implement micro-credentials districtwide.

Public lands in the United States are those land areas managed by federal, state, and county governments for public purposes such as preservation and recreation. Protecting carbon resources and increasing carbon sequestration capacity are compatible with public land management objectives for healthy and resilient habitats, i.e., managing habitats for the benefit of wildlife and ecosystem services can simultaneously capture and store carbon. To evaluate the effect of public land management on carbon storage and review carbon management as part of the land management objectives, we used existing data of carbon stock and net ecosystem carbon balance in a study of the National Wildlife Refuge System (NWRS), a public land management program of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service (Service). Total carbon storage of the 364 refuges studied was 16.6 PgC, with a mean value 42,981 gCm-2. We used mixed modeling with Bonferroni adjustment techniques to analyze the effect of time since refuge designation on carbon storage. In general, older refuges store more carbon per unit area than younger refuges. In addition to the age factor, carbon resources are variable by regions and habitat types protected in the refuges. Mean carbon stock and the rate of sequestration are higher within refuges than outside refuges, but the statistical comparison of 364 refuges analyzed in this study was not significant. We also used the social cost of carbon to analyze the annual benefits of sequestrating carbon in these publicly managed lands in the United States, which is over $976 million per year in avoided CO2 emissions via specific conservation management actions. We examine case studies of management, particularly with respect to Service cooperation activities with The Conservation Fund (TCF) Go Zero® Program, Trust for Public Land (TPL) and individuals. Additional opportunities exist in improving techniques to maximize carbon resources in refuges, while continuing to meet the core purpose and need of the NWRS.

Chronic nonhealing wounds have a prevalence of 2% in the United States, and cost an estimated $50 billion annually. Accurate stratification of wounds for risk of slow healing may help guide treatment and referral decisions. We have applied modern machine learning methods and feature engineering to develop a predictive model for delayed wound healing that uses information collected during routine care in outpatient wound care centers. Patient and wound data was collected at 68 outpatient wound care centers operated by Healogics Inc. in 26 states between 2009 and 2013. The dataset included basic demographic information on 59,953 patients, as well as both quantitative and categorical information on 180,696 wounds. Wounds were split into training and test sets by randomly assigning patients to training and test sets. Wounds were considered delayed with respect to healing time if they took more than 15 weeks to heal after presentation at a wound care center. Eleven percent of wounds in this dataset met this criterion. Prognostic models were developed on training data available in the first week of care to predict delayed healing wounds. A held out subset of the training set was used for model selection, and the final model was evaluated on the test set to evaluate discriminative power and calibration. The model achieved an area under the curve of 0.842 (95% confidence interval 0.834–0.847) for the delayed healing outcome and a Brier reliability score of 0.00018. Early, accurate prediction of delayed healing wounds can improve patient care by allowing clinicians to increase the aggressiveness of intervention in patients most at risk.

MORTALIDAD DE HALIAEETUS LEUCOCEPHALUS Y AQUILA CHRYSAETOS EN INSTALACIONES DE ENERGIA EOLICA EN LA PARTE CONTINUA DE ESTADOS UNIDOS Han muerto individuos tanto de Haliaeetus leucocephalus como de Aquila chrysaetos en instalaciones de energia eolica en Estados Unidos. Encontramos un minimo de 85 aguilas muertas, incluyendo 6 individuos de H. leucocephalus y 79 de A. chrysaetos, en 32 instalaciones de energia eolica en 10 estados desde 1997 hasta el 30 de junio de 2012. Probablemente nuestros resultados sub-representan, quiza substancialmente, los numeros de aguilas muertas en Estados Unidos a causa de la produccion de electricidad generada por el viento.

Critical limb ischemia (CLI), an end result of peripheral ar- terial disease, remains a major clinical challenge. Wound healing in patients with CLI can be difficult due to diminished tissue oxygen- ation, often leading to recalcitrant ulcers and frequent limb loss. Nu- merous therapies, including hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT), have been used to correct this regional ischemia, although often with mixed results. This case series investigates the effects of oxygen therapy de- livery augmented by low-frequency ultrasound, a device that combines surface acoustic waveform (SAW) low-frequency ultrasound with hyper- oxygenated saline to deliver oxygen to wounds. Participants included 7 patients (7 men, median age 63 years, all with hypertension) with CLI and full-thickness wounds. Baseline therapy PaO2 measurements were taken before therapy, after provision of hyper-oxygenated saline, and after sonification. The device was found to successfully oxygenate the wound beds; PaO2 levels increased by a median of 59.7%, a maximum of 116%, and a median absolute difference peaking at 10.8 mmHg PaO2 (P = 0.018). In conclusion, the treatment increases wound oxy- gen levels and may be an option in CLI therapy.

Doxycycline is a semisynthetic, chemically modified tetracycline compound that is rapidly absorbed and exerts biological effects independent of its antimicrobial activity. One such effect includes the inhibition of matrix metalloproteinases. Doxycycline has a long history as a collagenase inhibitor. This article will describe its mode of action and review its effectiveness in significantly reducing inflammation and elevated levels of proinflammatory cytokines within chronic wounds. .

The potential for technology to enhance the capability of nonprofit organisations is one of today's hot topics both for nonprofit organisations and their potential service providers. Organisations are still in the initial stages of determining the most effective strategies for cultivating and managing online donor relationships and accepting online donations. This paper provides an online donor relationship methodology that will help nonprofits harness the power of e-mail and the Internet to cultivate and manage donor relationships. Also included is the summary of a study that shows how 14 well-known US nonprofits collect donations online. Copyright © 2001 Henry Stewart Publications

We assessed relations between measurements of streamside features on site and from aerial photographs for determining the amount of cover available to brown trout Salmo trutta and other salmonids Oncorhynchus spp. in alluvial valley streams in Wyoming. We found that a riparian vegetation index (RVI) measured from aerial photographs accounted for much of the variation in cover among 36 study reaches. When the RVI model was tested with independent data collected on site from 16 stream reaches, cover estimates were highly correlated. Fisheries managers may be able to reduce field work and alleviate problems with land access and budget constraints by using aerial photographs to assess habitat conditions for trout in streams.

Chronic wounds usually get trapped in the inflammatory stage of wound healing; however, aggressive debridement transforms chronic wounds to acute wounds and therefore complete healing.To investigate healing outcomes and debridement frequency in a large wound data set.Retrospective cohort study.Data collected from 525 wound care centers from June 1, 2008, through June 31, 2012, using a web-based clinical management system.Referred sample of 154 644 patients with 312 744 wounds of all causes (of an initial data set of 364 534 wounds) participated. A total of 47.1% were male. Median age was 69 years (age range, 19-112 years), with 59.2% having one wound. Eligibility criteria included age older than 18 years, receiving at least 1 debridement, and having been discharged from the system. Advanced therapeutic treatment was ineligible. Because of incomplete, questionable, or ineligible data, 57 190 wounds were not included. Most wounds were diabetic foot ulcers (19.0%), venous leg ulcers (26.1%), and pressure ulcers (16.2%).Debridement (removal of necrotic tissue and foreign bodies from the wound) at different frequencies.Wound healing (completely epithelialized with dimensions at 0 × 0 × 0 cm).A total of 70.8% of wounds healed. The median number of debridements was 2 (range, 1-138). Frequent debridement healed more wounds in a shorter time (P .001). In regression analysis, significant variables included male sex, physician category, wound type, increased patient age, and increased wound age, area, and depth. The odds ratio varied considerably for each variable.The more frequent the debridements, the better the healing outcome. Although limited by retrospective data, this study's strength was the analysis of the largest wound data set to date.

There are numerous demands for the limited water supplies in the Rocky Mountain (USA) region, and controversies surrounding instream flows abound. A specific problem involves water diversions (i.e., small dams that shunt water out of stream channels) during the summer irrigation season. We developed an approach to assess the effects of restoration of natural or less-than-natural summer flows on trout that accounts for variation in habitat over long segments of low-gradient, alluvial-valley streams. The approach has utility for managers because it can be conducted with hydologic data, aerial photographs, topographic maps, and a spreadsheet without extensive fieldwork. We applied the approach by assessing the effects of different summer flows on abundance of brown trout ( Salmo trutta) in several streams annually dewatered in the Salt River Valley of western Wyoming. The assessment approach can be calibrated for other trout species and areas of the Rocky Mountain region.

• The effect of six hours of high-frequency, high-intensity noise exposure on cochlear blood flow (CoBF) was investigated in adult gerbils. The CoBF was measured by microsphere-surface preparation methods. Intracardiac injection of the microspheres (diameter, 11.1 μm; Dupont/New England Nuclear Research Products, Boston) was performed in the last few minutes of the sixth hour of continuous noise exposure, and reference blood was withdrawn from the iliac artery at a rate of 0.165 mL/min. The number of microspheres in the investigated tissue was assessed by direct counting under a microscope. The number of microspheres in the reference blood was counted by a Coulter counter. These experiments have shown that CoBF at the end of six hours of continuous noise exposure does not significantly differ from the CoBF in control animals. (Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg1988;114:657-660)