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Context: Instrument-assisted soft tissue mobilization (IASTM) is a popular myofascial treatment utilized by health care professionals. Currently, there is a lack of research on the effects of a light pressure IASTM treatment on the forearm region. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of a light pressure IASTM technique at different application rates on grip strength and muscle stiffness. This study was considered exploratory with the goal of establishing methodology for future controlled studies. Design: Observational pretest and posttest clinical study. Methods: Twenty-six healthy adults underwent one light pressure IASTM treatment to their dominant forearm muscles. Participants were allocated to 2 groups of 13 based upon treatment rate: 60 beats per minute and 120 beats per minute. Participants were tested pretreatment and posttreatment for grip strength and tissue stiffness via diagnostic ultrasound. One-way analyses of covariance were used to assess group differences posttreatment for grip strength and tissue stiffness. Results: Statistically significant posttreatment changes for grip strength and tissue stiffness were not found. Despite the nonstatistical significance, there were small decreases in grip strength and tissue stiffness. Faster (120 beats/min) IASTM application may have produced clinically meaningful decreases in grip strength along with a small decrease in tissue stiffness. Conclusions: This report helps to establish methodology for future controlled studies on this topic. Sports medicine professionals should consider these results as exploratory and interpret them with caution. Future research is needed to confirm these findings and begin to postulate possible neurophysiological mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inter-sexual mate competition occurs any time opposite-sex individuals simultaneously seek to acquire or maintain exclusive access to the same sexual partner. This underappreciated form of mate competition has been anecdotally documented in several avian and mammalian species, and systematically described among Japanese macaques and humans. Here, we extend the concept of inter-sexual mate competition by reassessing a remarkable series of Portuguese letters, penned in 1664 and later discovered and translated by Mott and Assunção (J Homosex 16:91–104, 1989). The letters comprise one side of a correspondence between two males, former lovers who were scrutinized by the Portuguese Inquisition. After ending the relationship, the recipient of the letters was betrothed to a woman, which provoked a jealous response from his jilted male lover and pleas to reunite. We argue that the letters portray a prolonged sequence of inter-sexual mate competition in which a male and female competitor vied for the same man. An established taxonomy of mate competition tactics was applied to the behavior of both competitors illustrating many parallels with contemporary examples of inter-sexual mate competition. Through this comparison, we show that modern mate competition taxonomies can be fruitfully applied to historical texts and that inter-sexual mate competition occurred hundreds of years before the present. Other examples of inter-sexual mate competition are likely to exist in the historical record, providing a rich source of scientific information if appropriate theoretical frameworks are employed. Indeed, any time individuals are attracted to sexual partners who behave in a bisexual manner, then inter-sexual mate competition can ensue with members of the other sex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While economic sociology research and theory argue that excessive network embeddedness depresses competition in illegal markets, prior research does not examine how distinct types of embeddedness may have asymmetric effects on the diversity of purchasing behavior—the range of illegal goods that buyers typically purchase. This study considers how network embeddedness can positively or negatively affect drug purchasing diversity in online drug markets by referring buyers to new vendors or "locking" buyers into recurrent trade for the same products. We analyze novel network data on 16,847 illegal drug exchanges between 7205 actors on one online illegal drug market. Consistent with hypothesized network asymmetry, buyers are more likely to purchase a new type of drug when the transaction is part of an indirect network referral. Although histories of exchange increase the overall frequency of drug purchasing, they are associated with decreases in new drug-type purchases. In the aggregate, these processes either contribute to an integrated market where buyers purchase multiple drugs from multiple vendors (in the case of referrals) or a fragmented market characterized by recurrent trade from the same vendors for the same substances (in the case of repeated trade). We discuss the implications of these findings for research on embeddedness, illegal markets, risky exchange, and drug policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness, patient satisfaction, and early adverse events of using the hyaluronic acid filler VYC-20L for the treatment of infraorbital hollowing. A total of 21 participants underwent injection of VYC-20L. FACE-Q satisfaction surveys before and after treatment along with early adverse events surveys were conducted. Pre- and posttreatment photos were graded, and the Allergan Infraorbital Hollows Scale was used to assess the difference in infraorbital hollowing. The results showed infraorbital hollowing improvement with VYC-20L was significant (p < 0.001). FACE-Q Satisfaction with Eyes scores on average were 27 points higher after treatment (p < 0.001). The mean FACE-Q Satisfaction with Decision score was 74.1%. The most common short-term adverse symptoms were tenderness (67%), swelling (62%), and bruising (52%). This study concludes that VYC-20L is an effective nonsurgical treatment option for infraorbital hollowing with high patient satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Studies of the participatory legacies of social movements in democratic settings often find that the individuals who take part in these movements remain more likely to engage in politics, decades later. What is the participatory legacy of social movements in authoritarian regimes, where they are often repressed and erased from public memory? Understanding such impacts is challenging due to self-selection and severe censorship. In this paper, we address both challenges with a unique design, comparing the behavior of individuals who began college just before and just after a massive student movement. This design allows us to measure exposure to the movement and the subsequent state crackdown without directly asking respondents and also addresses endogeneity by predicting exposure using an exogenous indicator, birthdate. We find that exposure to the movement increased participation in elections, reduced participation in protest and lobbying, and had no impact on conventional participation. We argue that social movements can continue to shape patterns of political participation in authoritarian regimes, decades after being crushed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Juvenile survival is critical to population persistence and evolutionary change. However, the survival of juvenile plants from emergence to reproductive maturity is rarely quantified. This is especially true for long‐lived perennials with extended pre‐reproductive periods. Furthermore, studies rarely have the replication necessary to account for variation among populations and cohorts. We estimated juvenile survival and its relationship to population size, density of conspecifics, distance to the maternal plant, age, year, and cohort for Echinacea angustifolia, a long‐lived herbaceous perennial. In 14 remnant prairie populations over seven sampling years, 2007–2013, we identified 886 seedlings. We then monitored these individuals annually until 2021 (8–15 years). Overall, juvenile mortality was very high; for almost all cohorts fewer than 10% of seedlings survived to age 8 or to year 2021. Only two of the seedlings reached reproductive maturity within the study period. Juvenile survival increased with distance from the maternal plant and varied more among the study years than it did by age or cohort. Juvenile survival did not vary with population size or local density of conspecific neighbors. Our results suggest that low juvenile survival could contribute to projected population declines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individual‐level differences in animal spatial behavior can lead to differential exposure to risk. We assessed the risk‐exposure of a reintroduced population of kākā (Nestor meridionalis) in a fenced reserve in New Zealand by GPS tracking 10 individuals and comparing the proportion of each individual's home range beyond the reserve's fence in relation to age, sex, and fledging origin. To estimate dynamic space use, we used a sweeping window framework to estimate occurrence distributions (ODs) from temporally overlapping snapshots. For each OD, we calculated the proportion outside the reserve's fence to assess temporal risk exposure, and the area, centroid, and overlap to represent the behavioral pattern of space use. Home range area declined significantly and consistently with age, and the space use of juvenile kākā was more dynamic, particularly in relation to locational changes of space use. The wider‐ranging and more dynamic behavior of younger kākā resulted in more time spent outside the reserve, which aligned with a higher number of incidental mortality observations. Quantifying both home range and dynamic space use is an effective approach to assess risk exposure, which can provide guidance for management interventions. We also emphasize the dynamic space use approach, which is flexible and can provide insights into a species' spatial ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Society depends on food production. However, agricultural productivity is greatly challenged by extreme climate events and volatility. Seaweed extracts (SWE) have a key role in food production and their use is central to improving agricultural productivity by increasing crop tolerance to stress, improving the efficiency of plant nutrient use, and by contributing to sustainable farm practices. The benefits of SWE to crops have previously been reviewed in the context of the northern hemisphere, but not since 2015 in Australia – specific to its crops and unique stressors. This review is focused on the scientific progress since 2015 and insights from Australian research related to: (i) SWE-stimulated plant responses, (ii) field research on SWE, (iii) optimising the use of SWE in agriculture. The review considers the effects of SWE (made from Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum) in the field, across crops, seasons, regions, and farming systems in Australia, and research conducted in the laboratory under controlled conditions on model and crop plants at the molecular, cellular, and physiological levels. The results from the review highlight the role of SWE in plant priming responses in laboratory experiments and its association with improved plant tolerance in the field. The review discusses the field effects related to production and fruit quality. The uniqueness of the Australian research is the inclusion of the same SWE in laboratory and field research, and the characterisation of plant responses under challenged and un-challenged conditions. This information provides deeper insights into the actions of SWE and enables growers and agronomists to optimize their field application in Australian agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To assess the comparative effectiveness and safety of parenteral agents for pain reduction in patients with acute migraine. Background: Parenteral agents have been shown to be effective in treating acute migraine pain; however, the comparative effectiveness of different approaches is unclear. Methods: Nine electronic databases and gray literature sources were searched to identify randomized clinical trials assessing parenteral agents to treat acute migraine pain in emergency settings. Two independent reviewers completed study screening, data extraction, and Cochrane risk‐of‐bias assessment, with differences being resolved by adjudication. The protocol of the review was registered with the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO; CRD42018100096). Results: A total of 97 unique studies were included, with most studies reporting a high or unclear risk of bias. Monotherapy, as well as combination therapy, successfully reduced pain scores prior to discharge. They also increased the proportion of patients reporting pain relief and being pain free. Across the pain outcomes assessed, combination therapy was one of the higher ranked approaches and provided robust improvements in pain outcomes, including lowering pain scores (mean difference −3.36, 95% confidence interval [CI] −4.64 to −2.08) and increasing the proportion of patients reporting pain relief (risk ratio [RR] 2.83, 95% CI 1.74–4.61). Neuroleptics and metoclopramide also ranked high in terms of the proportion of patients reporting pain relief (neuroleptics RR 2.76, 95% CI 2.12–3.60; metoclopramide RR 2.58, 95% CI 1.90–3.49) and being pain free before emergency department discharge (neuroleptics RR 4.8, 95% CI 3.61–6.49; metoclopramide RR 4.1, 95% CI 3.02–5.44). Most parenteral agents were associated with increased adverse events, particularly combination therapy and neuroleptics. Conclusions: Various parenteral agents were found to provide effective pain relief. Considering the consistent improvements across various outcomes, combination therapy, as well as monotherapy of either metoclopramide or neuroleptics are recommended as first‐line options for managing acute migraine pain. There are risks of adverse events, especially akathisia, following treatment with these agents. We recommend that a shared decision‐making model be considered to effectively identify the best treatment option based on the patient's needs. Plain Language Summary: Migraine symptoms can be severe enough to cause patients to present to emergency departments for relief. In this systematic review, we attempted to identify which injectable (i.e., intravenous/subcutaneous/intramuscular) medications provide the best headache relief. We found that while most injectable medications provide adequate pain relief, patients who were given neuroleptics, metoclopramide, or a combination of two different medications reported marked and consistent improvements in migraine pain outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To harmonize two ascertainment and severity rating instruments commonly used for the clinical high risk syndrome for psychosis (CHR‐P): the Structured Interview for Psychosis‐risk Syndromes (SIPS) and the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS). Methods: The initial workshop is described in the companion report from Addington et al. After the workshop, lead experts for each instrument continued harmonizing attenuated positive symptoms and criteria for psychosis and CHR‐P through an intensive series of joint videoconferences. Results: Full harmonization was achieved for attenuated positive symptom ratings and psychosis criteria, and modest harmonization for CHR‐P criteria. The semi‐structured interview, named Positive SYmptoms and Diagnostic Criteria for the CAARMS Harmonized with the SIPS (PSYCHS), generates CHR‐P criteria and severity scores for both CAARMS and SIPS. Conclusions: Using the PSYCHS for CHR‐P ascertainment, conversion determination, and attenuated positive symptom severity rating will help in comparing findings across studies and in meta‐analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The two most used semi‐structured psychometric instruments that define criteria for being at clinical high risk (CHR) for psychosis are the Comprehensive Assessment of At‐Risk Mental States (CAARMS) and the Structured Interview for Psychosis‐Risk Syndromes (SIPS). Although very similar there are important differences between these two measures. Developing harmonized psychometric criteria for defining CHR and associated outcomes would be beneficial for future research. This article describes the first step in this process by reporting on a NIMH workshop held in Washington DC, in February 2019 that was attended by experts in the field. The aim of this workshop was to examine the similarities and differences between the two measures and consider how the harmonization process could proceed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arsenic is a toxicant that is ingested through drinking water and food, exposing nearly 140 million people to levels above the 10 ppb guideline concentration. Studies have shown that arsenic affects intestinal stem cells (ISCs), but the mechanisms by which arsenic alters the formation of adult cells in the small intestine are not well understood. Signals derived from intestinal stromal cells initiate and maintain differentiation. The goal of this study is to evaluate arsenic's effect on intestinal stromal cells, including PdgfrαLo trophocytes, located proximal to the ISCs, and PdgfrαHi telocytes, located proximal to the transit-amplifying region and up the villi. Adult Sox9tm2Crm−EGFP mice were exposed to 0, 33, and 100 ppb sodium arsenite in their drinking water for 13 weeks, and sections of duodenum were examined. Flow cytometry indicated that arsenic exposure dose-responsively reduced Sox9+ epithelial cells and trended toward increased Pdgfrα+ cells. The trophocyte marker, CD81 , was reduced by 10-fold and 9.0-fold in the 100 ppb exposure group in male and female mice, respectively. Additionally, a significant 2.2- to 3.1-fold increase in PdgfrαLo expression was found in male mice in trophocytes and Igfbp5+ cells. PdgfrαHi protein expression, a telocyte marker, was more prevalent along the villus/crypt structure in females, whereas Gli1 expression (telocytes) was reduced in male mice exposed to arsenic. Principle coordinate analysis confirmed the sex-dependent response to arsenic exposure, with an increase in trophocyte and decrease in telocyte marker expression observed in male mice. These results imply that arsenic alters intestinal mesenchymal cells in a sex-dependent manner. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article provides an overview of the use of virtual reality (VR) in educational settings. It discusses the different levels of learner interaction in VR, including interactions with content, instructors, and other learners. The article highlights the potential benefits of VR in promoting active learning, improving communication skills, and fostering empathy. It also acknowledges the challenges and limitations of VR, such as accessibility and equity issues. The article emphasizes the need for a mindful and inclusive approach to the use of VR in education, taking into account the diverse needs and perspectives of learners. [Extracted from the article]

Educational podcasts have become an increasingly prevalent media used to disseminate profession‐specific information through easily accessible means. Despite the potential of educational podcasts as convenient and effective medium, there is a dearth of literature dedicated to the topic. Thus, using the Uses and Gratification framework, the psychometric properties of the Educational Podcasts Motivation Scale were examined, as well as the motivational factors that influence intention to listen to educational podcasts and recommend podcasts to others were explored. A sample of individuals in the field of education (n = 606), such as in‐service K‐12 teachers and higher education professors, were recruited for this study. This sample were randomly divided, and an exploratory factor analysis (EFA) was conducted with the first set (n = 312) to identify underlying constructs, and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) and structural equation modelling (SEM) were employed with the second set (n = 294). The scale demonstrated strong psychometric properties and five distinct motivational factors were identified: Information Gathering, Flexibility in Use, Social Interaction, Entertainment, and Professional Encouragement. Several motivational factors had significant associations with the constructs of "intention" and "word‐of‐mouth". This paper demonstrates both the unique motivational factors related to listening to educational podcasts and the motivational factors that overlap with other forms of media. Further examination of the underlying motivations to listen to educational podcasts is warranted. Practitioner notesWhat is already known about this topic Educational podcasts have become an increasingly prevalent media used to disseminate information to specific professions and fields that provide current practices and research information through easily accessible means.Educational podcasts have been found to be an effective tool to improve self‐efficacy and knowledge around topics with educators and college students, as well as a means to develop communities of practice where educators share knowledge and experiences.Results of studies using the uses and gratifications framework to examine the gratifications for listening to podcasts have found an array of overlapping, and sometimes conflicting, gratifications from the use of podcasts. Those most often identified include entertainment, multitasking and convenience, social interaction, escapism and educational purposes.What this paper adds This paper outlined the development of the Educational Podcasts Motivation Scale and used an exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modelling to demonstrate its strong psychometric properties.Five distinct motivational factors for why educators engage with educational podcasts were identified: (a) Information Gathering, (b) Flexibility in Use, (c) Social Interaction, (d) Entertainment and (e) Professional Encouragement.This paper identifies that educators are often most motivated to listen to educational podcasts due to constructs such as social interaction, flexibility in use and information gathering.Implications for practice and/or policy The findings in this paper demonstrate the perceived benefits and uses of educational podcasts as a learning tool, further establishing educational podcasts as a useful tool that should be incorporated into learning environments.The findings in this paper indicate that those embedding educational podcasts within learning activities and professional development should consider how to emphasise the flexibility, social interactions and learning aspects of these tools to promote the attractive features of this tool.Although this study sheds light on the reasons those in the field of education use this medium, additional research is needed to explore how and why these individuals engage with educational podcasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: Germline genetic testing (GT) is important for prostate cancer (PCA) management, clinical trial eligibility, and hereditary cancer risk. However, GT is underutilized and there is a shortage of genetic counselors. To address these gaps, a patient-driven, pretest genetic education webtool was designed and studied compared with traditional genetic counseling (GC) to inform strategies for expanding access to genetic services. METHODS: Technology-enhanced acceleration of germline evaluation for therapy (TARGET) was a multicenter, noninferiority, randomized trial (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04447703) comparing a nine-module patient-driven genetic education webtool versus pretest GC. Participants completed surveys measuring decisional conflict, satisfaction, and attitudes toward GT at baseline, after pretest education/counseling, and after GT result disclosure. The primary end point was noninferiority in reducing decisional conflict between webtool and GC using the validated Decisional Conflict Scale. Mixed-effects regression modeling was used to compare decisional conflict between groups. Participants opting for GT received a 51-gene panel, with results delivered to participants and their providers. RESULTS: The analytic data set includes primary outcome data from 315 participants (GC [n = 162] and webtool [n = 153]). Mean difference in decisional conflict score changes between groups was –0.04 (one-sided 95% CI, –∞ to 2.54; P =.01), suggesting the patient-driven webtool was noninferior to GC. Overall, 145 (89.5%) GC and 120 (78.4%) in the webtool arm underwent GT, with pathogenic variants in 15.8% (8.7% in PCA genes). Satisfaction did not differ significantly between arms; knowledge of cancer genetics was higher but attitudes toward GT were less favorable in the webtool arm. CONCLUSION: The results of the TARGET study support the use of patient-driven digital webtools for expanding access to pretest genetic education for PCA GT. Further studies to optimize patient experience and evaluate them in diverse patient populations are warranted. TARGET: A randomized, noninferiority trial of a pretest, patient-driven genetic education webtool vs. genetic counseling for #prostatecancer germline testing by @LoebStacy @vedangiri et al. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An idealized large-eddy simulation of a tropical marine cloud population was performed. At any time, it contained hundreds of clouds, and updraft width in shallow convection emerging from a subcloud layer appeared to be an important indicator of whether specific convective elements deepened. In an environment with 80%–90% relative humidity below the 0°C level, updrafts that penetrated the 0°C level were larger at and above cloud base, which occurred at the lifting condensation level near 600 m. Parcels rising in these updrafts appeared to emerge from boundary layer eddies that averaged ∼200 m wider than those in clouds that only reached 1.5–3 km height. The deeply ascending parcels (growers) possessed statistically similar values of effective buoyancy below the level of free convection (LFC) as parcels that began to ascend in a cloud but stopped before reaching 3000 m (nongrowers). The growers also experienced less dilution above the LFC. Nongrowers were characterized by negative effective buoyancy and rapid deceleration above the LFC, while growers continued to accelerate well above the LFC. Growers occurred in areas with a greater magnitude of background convergence (or weaker divergence) in the subcloud layer, especially between 300 m and cloud base, but whether the convergence actually led to eddy widening is unclear. Significance Statement: Cumulonimbus clouds are responsible for many extreme weather phenomena and are important contributors to Earth's energy balance. However, the processes leading to the growth of individual clouds are not completely understood nor well-represented in weather prediction models. We find that the clouds containing updrafts that start out wider at early stages of their life cycles grow taller, possibly because they are protected more from drier air outside the cloud than narrow clouds. In addition, this work shows how the initial width of clouds might be related to convergence in the lowest part of the atmosphere, at heights where clouds initially develop. However, meteorologists must be careful not to overinterpret these results because numerical simulations inherently include assumptions that may not reflect reality. This reinforces the need to also observe processes occurring at the scales of individual clouds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to assess changes in concussion knowledge and attitudes amongst incoming intercollegiate student-athletes over the course of a decade (2010–2012 vs 2021–2023). There were 592 student-athletes from 2 cohorts (2010–2012, 2021–2023) who completed the Rosenbaum Concussion Knowledge and Attitudes Survey (ROCKaS) questionnaire which is comprised of a concussion knowledge index (CKI, 0–24) and attitude index (CAI, 15–75) with higher scores reflecting better performance. A three factor ANOVA (Group, Sex, Concussion History) compared performance on the CKI and CAI. Individual questions were compared between groups with a Chi-Square analysis. For the CKI, there was a significant main effect for Group (2010–2012: 18.5 ± 2.6, 2021–2023: 19.4 ± 2.5, p < 0.001, ${\eta ^2} = 0.032)$ η 2 = 0.032). For the CAI, there was also a significant main effect for group (2010–2012: 52.9 ± 6.0, 2021–2023: 62.2 ± 6.5, p < 0.001, ${\eta ^2} = 0.359)$ η 2 = 0.359). The results of this study show a modest increase in concussion knowledge; however, large improvements in concussion attitudes were observed between groups. These results suggest a continued improvement in student-athlete concussion awareness and provide specific areas to continue addressing persistent misconceptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Definition: Graphene and related materials (graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide) as a subclass of carbon materials and their composites have been examined in various functions as materials in supercapacitor electrodes. They have been suggested as active masses for electrodes in electrochemical double-layer capacitors, tested as conducting additives for redox-active materials showing only poor electronic conductivity, and their use as a coating of active materials for corrosion and dissolution protection has been suggested. They have also been examined as a corrosion-protection coating of metallic current collectors; paper-like materials prepared from them have been proposed as mechanical support and as a current collector of supercapacitor electrodes. This entry provides an overview with representative examples. It outlines advantages, challenges, and future directions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

How do individuals' network selection decisions create unique network structures? Despite broad sociological interest in the micro-level social interactions that create macro-level network structure, few methods are available to statistically evaluate micro-macro relationships in social networks. This study introduces a general methodological framework for testing the effect of (micro) network selection processes, such as homophily, reciprocity, or preferential attachment, on unique (macro) network structures, such as segregation, clustering, or brokerage. The approach uses estimates from a statistical network model to decompose the contributions of each parameter to a node, subgraph, or global network statistic specified by the researcher. A flexible parametric algorithm is introduced to estimate variances, confidence intervals, and p values. Prior micro-macro network methods can be regarded as special cases of the general framework. Extensions to hypothetical network interventions, joint parameter tests, and longitudinal and multilevel network data are discussed. An example is provided analyzing the micro foundations of political segregation in a crime policy collaboration network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite a long line of scholarship on race and social control, evidence that incarceration can be connected to slavery is difficult to provide. This study evaluates whether slavery had long-term effects on growth in state incarceration rates by focusing on two key theoretical indicators: the size of the enslaved population prior to the Civil War and demographic changes during the Great Migration. Results reveal that states that historically had larger enslaved populations and those that acted as destinations for southern migrants experienced increased growth in incarceration between 1970 and 2015. Mediation analyses show that both variables have indirect effects on change in incarceration rates through contemporary demographic composition and public opinion. These findings lend support to theoretical claims that link slavery to mass incarceration and shed light on the mechanisms that enable racial histories to map onto current criminal punishments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trade‐offs between current and future reproduction manifest as a set of co‐varying life history and metabolic traits, collectively referred to as 'pace of life' (POL). Seasonal migration modulates environmental dynamics and putatively affects POL, however, the mechanisms by which migratory behaviour shapes POL remain unclear. We explored how migratory behaviour interacts with environmental and metabolic dynamics to shape POL. Using an individual‐based model of movement and metabolism, we compared fitness‐optimized trade‐offs among migration strategies. We found annual experienced seasonality modulated by migratory movements and distance between end‐points primarily drove POL differentiation through developmental and migration phenology trade‐offs. Similarly, our analysis of empirically estimated metabolic data from 265 bird species suggested seasonal niche tracking and migration distance interact to drive POL. We show multiple viable life‐history strategies are conducive to a migratory lifestyle. Overall, our findings suggest metabolism mediates complex interactions between behaviour, environment and life history. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two separate but related literatures have examined familial correlates of male androphilia (i.e., sexual attraction and arousal to masculine adult males). The fraternal birth order effect (FBOE) is a widely established finding that each biological older brother a male has increased the probability of androphilia 20-35% above baseline rates. Other family demographic variables, such as reproduction by mothers, maternal aunts, and grandmothers, have been used to test evolutionary hypotheses that sexually antagonistic genes lead to androphilia among males, lowering or eliminating reproduction, which is offset by greater reproductive output among their female relatives. These proposed female fecundity effects (FFEs), and the FBOE, have historically been treated as separate yet complementary ways to understand the development and evolution of male androphilia. However, this approach ignores a vital confound within the data. The high overall reproductive output indicative of an FFE results in similar statistical patterns as the FBOE, wherein women with high reproductive output subsequently produce later-born androphilic sons. Thus, examination of the FBOE requires analytic approaches capable of controlling for the FFE, and vice-versa. Here, we present data simultaneously examining the FBOE and FFE for male androphilia in a large dataset collected in Samoa across 10 y of fieldwork, which only shows evidence of the FBOE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates how homicide, racial threat, and media discourse interacted to shape the timing and persistence of prison growth in the United States. Drawing on Blumer's classic work, I argue that media discourse circulates threat narratives that portray racial minorities as either economically, politically, or criminally threatening. Criminal threat narratives increase in response to highly salient crimes, like homicide, and exert institutionally specific pressures that increase incarceration. To evaluate these claims, I use machine learning to classify 1,026,862 news articles in accordance with economic, political, and criminal threat themes in a time series analysis of the national incarceration rate between 1926 and 2016. Results reveal that the period of prison growth is characterized by an influx of criminal threat narratives that coincides with increases in the homicide rate. Criminal threat narratives and the homicide rate both have sizable long-term effects on the incarceration rate, whereas economic and political threat narratives have little explanatory power. Further analyses show that criminal threat narratives account for roughly half of the effect of the homicide rate on incarceration, and that the homicide rate has an indirect effect on racial disparity in prison admissions by acting through criminal threat narratives. These findings support core theoretical claims and expand our understanding of the complex interaction between racial threat and homicide in the historical rise of incarceration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following severe environmental change that reduces mean population fitness below replacement, populations must adapt to avoid eventual extinction, a process called evolutionary rescue. Models of evolutionary rescue demonstrate that initial size, genetic variation and degree of maladaptation influence population fates. However, many models feature populations that grow without negative density dependence or with constant genetic diversity despite precipitous population decline, assumptions likely to be violated in conservation settings. We examined the simultaneous influences of density-dependent growth and erosion of genetic diversity on populations adapting to novel environmental change using stochastic, individual-based simulations. Density dependence decreased the probability of rescue and increased the probability of extinction, especially in large and initially well-adapted populations that previously have been predicted to be at low risk. Increased extinction occurred shortly following environmental change, as populations under density dependence experienced more rapid decline and reached smaller sizes. Populations that experienced evolutionary rescue lost genetic diversity through drift and adaptation, particularly under density dependence. Populations that declined to extinction entered an extinction vortex, where small size increased drift, loss of genetic diversity and the fixation of maladaptive alleles, hindered adaptation and kept populations at small densities where they were vulnerable to extinction via demographic stochasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Debris flows regularly traverse bedrock channels that dissect steep landscapes, but our understanding of bedrock erosion by debris flows and their impact on steepland morphology is still rudimentary. Quantitative models of steep bedrock channel networks are based on geomorphic transport laws designed to represent erosion by water-dominated flows. To quantify the impact of debris flow erosion on steep channel network form, it is first necessary to develop methods to estimate spatial variations in bulk debris flow properties (e.g., flow depth, velocity) throughout the channel network that can be integrated into landscape evolution models. Here, we propose and evaluate two methods to estimate spatial variations in bulk debris flow properties along the length of a channel profile. We incorporate both methods into a model designed to simulate the evolution of longitudinal channel profiles that evolve in response to debris flow and fluvial processes. To explore this model framework, we propose a general family of debris flow erosion laws where erosion rate is a function of debris flow depth and channel slope. Model results indicate that erosion by debris flows can explain the occurrence of a scaling break in the slope–area curve at low-drainage areas and that upper-network channel morphology may be useful for inferring catchment-averaged erosion rates in quasi-steady landscapes. Validating specific forms of a debris flow incision law, however, would require more detailed model–data comparisons in specific landscapes where input parameters and channel morphometry can be better constrained. Results improve our ability to interpret topographic signals within steep channel networks and identify observational targets critical for constraining a debris flow incision law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Overt and covert conflict across two parental dyads (biological mother and biological father, biological mother and stepfather) in the same family were examined in relation to emerging adults' mental health (i.e., perceived stress, depressive symptoms, anxiety) and aggression (i.e., relational aggression, verbal hostility). In this study, the results from dominance analyses and relative weight analyses revealed the most important interparental conflict variable related to males' mental health and aggression was conflict between biological mothers and stepfathers (particularly covert). For females, conflict between biological parents (especially covert) was most important to mental health, while conflict between mothers and stepfathers was more strongly related to females' aggression (particularly overt for verbal hostility and covert for relational aggression). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Special stigma attaches to zealous public defenders. They are widely viewed as undermining the public welfare, of acting immorally, and of inappropriately empathizing with criminals over victims. Poor funding for public defender offices in many jurisdictions underscores what the body politic in those places thinks of unsparingly zealous public defense. The stigma finds sustenance in an account endorsed by zealous public defenders themselves--that they function as client-centered advocates, operating largely outside the criminal justice system and without caring about the public welfare, about guilt or innocence, or much about victims. This scenario poses a dilemma for zealous public defenders who aim to counter the allegations or for poorly funded defender offices that seek to acquire more resources so that they can consistently provide zealous representation. How can they rebut criticisms with which they largely agree? This Article argues that they could, in theory, acknowledge their work as multi-faceted, requiring that they sometimes serve as zealous advocates but often also in several roles that directly benefit the state. This alternate perspective finds support in the Supreme Court's acknowledgement in recent years that criminal justice has become, for the most part, a system of guilty pleas rather than of trials. Although this strategy is the most truthful and responsive to the critics, this Article finds it unworkable from the perspective of the zealous public defenders, which reveals a conundrum. Zealous public defenders must deceive themselves that they are rebels who do not care about the public interest (or about justice or victims) to effectively serve it. Although they face difficulty in making their own case, this Article exposes the reality and the illusion to help defend zealous public defenders against their critics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Population abundance is a critical metric in fisheries and conservation, but it is very difficult to measure accurately. Existing estimation methods present significant challenges: mark–recapture methods are time- and labour-intensive, and hydroacoustic echo counting methods face issues with target identity and the habitat types where they can be effectively applied. We present a new methodology for abundance estimation that can improve the reliability of echo counting methods. Split beam hydroacoustic survey data are integrated with telemetry data from fish bearing acoustic transponder tags. These tags are counted by a spatially and temporally concurrent multibeam acoustic survey to produce mark–recapture abundance estimates. We assessed this approach on four wild lake trout populations, ranging in abundance from ∼200 to ∼3000 adults. Our abundance estimates were consistent with those derived from conventional Schnabel and Jolly–Seber mark–recapture studies. We show that the precision achievable with this method in 1 year of field work rivals that provided by long-term (>10 years) continuous mark–recapture studies. We also discuss other ecological questions that could be addressed with this approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While reviewers' recommendations can strengthen a manuscript, responding to their concerns can be a tricky and frustrating process for authors. For our special issue on stress , Molecular Cell speaks with Scott Hiebert about his advice for responding to reviewers, crafting an effective revision plan, and involving trainees in the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Medication-assisted treatment program clinicians work with challenging clients and deliver valuable, life changing services to those with opioid use and misuse. However, there is a paucity of research into this population's experiences. Eight Texas providers were interviewed using a series of open ended questions. Data was analyzed using investigator triangulation to ascertain and affirm common themes. Themes included the value of medication-assisted treatment and improved quality of life, client complexity, and challenges within medication-assisted treatment programs, as well as the significance of treating the client as a person. Implications and recommendations for future research are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Strawberry is an important horticultural crop in Victoria, Australia. Grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea reduces marketable yield and post-harvest quality of strawberry fruit in the region. We conducted two field experiments in Victoria (Coldstream and Warburton) to evaluate the effectiveness of a commercial seaweed extract from Durvillaea potatorum and Ascophyllum nodosum (Seasol®) on the yield, revenue, and post-harvest rot of strawberry fruit. We applied the extract to strawberry crops (cv. Albion) monthly as a combined drench (10 L ha-1) and foliar spray (1:400), with water as a control. Application of the seaweed extract significantly increased strawberry fruit yields by 8-10% and revenue by AU$0.37-0.59 per plant. Furthermore, the extract significantly reduced the incidence and severity of post-harvest rots in strawberry fruit by 52-87%, respectively. The extract did not affect the firmness, soluble solids concentration (SSC), titratable acidity, or SSC:acid of strawberry fruit. In a separate laboratory experiment, we found that growing strawberry in the seaweed extract (1:400) increased the concentration of peroxidase by 50% and doubled H2O2 in roots soon after treatment. Increases in reactive oxygen species are an indicator of a suite of pathways associated with resistance and tolerance of biotic and abiotic stresses. Overall, the results demonstrate that the seaweed extract can act as a commercially-viable biostimulant for strawberry fruit production in south-eastern Australia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, there is a shortfall in the number of suitable organs available for transplant resulting in a high number of patients on the active transplant waiting lists worldwide. To address this shortfall and increase the utilization of donor organs, the acceptance criteria for donor organs is gradually expanding including increased use of organs from donation after circulatory death. Use of such extended criteria donors and exposure of organs to more prolonged periods of warm or cold ischaemia also increases the risk of primary graft dysfunction occurring. Normothermic machine perfusion (NMP) offers a unique opportunity to objectively assess donor organ function outside the donor body and potentially recondition those deemed unsuitable on initial evaluation prior to implantation in the recipient. Furthermore, NMP provides a platform to support the use of established and novel therapeutics delivered directly to the organ, without the need to worry about potential deleterious 'off-target' side effects typically considered when treating the whole patient. This review will explore some of the novel therapeutics currently being added to perfusion platforms during NMP experimentally in an attempt to improve organ function and post-transplant outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. We describe a case report of a 67-year-old male with PDAC who experienced an exceptional survival outcome during systemic therapy and its implications in precision medicine. We hypothesize that his outcomes are attributable, in part, to a germline BRCA2 deletion and somatic GNAS substitution. Methods. Retrospective single-patient chart review was performed at the London Regional Cancer Program, as well as a structured literature search spanning all years in PubMed of BRCA and GNAS mutations in pancreatic cancer. Results. The case described herein represents a 67-year-old male who survived over 27 months after third-line treatment with gemcitabine, docetaxel, and capecitabine (GTX) chemotherapy for metastatic PDAC after progression on gemcitabine and Abraxane and then on FOLFIRINOX. His survival far exceeded the median overall survival metrics. Genetic testing revealed a pathogenic heterozygous germline BRCA2 6643delT p.(Tyr2215Thrfs ∗ 14) frameshift mutation and somatic GNAS 2531 G > A p.(Arg844His) mutation. Conclusions. This case highlights the urgent need to expand our knowledge of cancer biology to advance personalized cancer treatment and therapy development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Causes of childhood behavior problems remain poorly understood. Enriched family environments and corresponding brain development may reduce the risk of their onset, but research investigating white matter neurodevelopmental pathways explaining associations between the family environment and behavior remains limited. We hypothesized that more positive prenatal and mid-childhood family functioning – a measure of a family's problem solving and supportive capacity – would be associated with two markers of preadolescent white matter neurodevelopment related to reduced behavior problems: higher global fractional anisotropy (FA) and lower global mean diffusivity (MD). Methods: Data are from 2727 families in the Generation R Study, the Netherlands. Mothers reported family functioning (McMaster Family Assessment Device, range 1–4, higher scores indicate healthier functioning) prenatally and in mid-childhood (mean age 6.1 years). In preadolescence (mean age 10.1), the study collected diffusion-weighted scans. We computed standardized global MD and FA values by averaging metrics from 27 white matter tracts, and we fit linear models adjusting for possible confounders to examine global and tract-specific outcomes. Results: Prenatal and mid-childhood family functioning scores were moderately correlated, r = 0.38. However, only prenatal family functioning – and not mid-childhood functioning – was associated with higher global FA and lower global MD in preadolescence in fully adjusted models: β global FA = 0.11 (95% CI 0.00, 0.21) and β global MD = −0.15 (95% CI −0.28, −0.03) per one-unit increase in functioning score. Sensitivity and tract-specific analyses supported these global findings. Conclusions: These results suggest high-functioning prenatal or perinatal family environments may confer lasting white matter neurodevelopmental benefits into preadolescence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physical activity generally declines with increasing age and lack of enjoyment is a noted barrier to older adults participating in traditional exercise programs. Walking basketball is a modified version of basketball designed to align with the physical capabilities of older adults, where participants are required to walk rather than run and body contact is not allowed. A walking basketball program provides participants with an opportunity to obtain the physical, mental and social health benefits of exercise in a competitive and social context. Due to the dynamic environment of a walking basketball program, participants are exposed to a unique stimulus combining both physical and cognitive demands, that is unmatched by traditional exercise programs. However, an increased risk of injury coincides with the unique demands of the activity. Therefore, the purpose of this manuscript is to provide practical applications for sporting organization that wish to implement a walking basketball program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study was to clarify what percentage of maximum speed is associated with various running gaits. Fifteen amateur field sport athletes (age = 23 ± 3.6 years) participated in a series of 55-meter running trials. The speed of each trial was determined by instructions relating to 5 previously identified gait patterns (jog, run, stride, near maximum sprint, and sprint). Each trial was filmed in slow motion (240 fps), whereas running speed was obtained using Global Positioning Systems. Contact time, stride angle, and midstance free-leg knee angle were determined from video footage. Running gaits corresponded with the following running speeds, jogging = 4.51 m·s-1, 56%Vmax, running = 5.41 m·s-1, 66%Vmax, striding = 6.37 m·s-1, 78%Vmax, near maximum sprinting = 7.08 m·s-1, 87%Vmax, and sprinting = 8.15 m·s-1, 100%Vmax. Significant (p < 0.05) increases in stride angle were observed as running speed increased. Significant (p < 0.05) decreases were observed in contact time and midstance free-leg knee angle as running speed increased. These findings suggest currently used thresholds for high-speed running (HSR) and sprinting most likely correspond with jogging and striding, which likely underestimates the true HSR demands. Therefore, a higher relative speed could be used to describe HSR and sprinting more accurately in field sports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the importance of incorporating social issues into physics teaching and highlights the need to address racial discrimination within the discipline. The author describes their approach to teaching conceptual optics by connecting it to the work of Ibn al-Haytham, a medieval Arab polymath who made significant contributions to optics. The author engages students in hands-on activities that replicate some of al-Haytham's experiments and encourages them to critically evaluate evidence. By doing so, the author aims to introduce foundational topics in optics, foster a better understanding of the scientific process, and give recognition to an important non-European scientist. [Extracted from the article]

The existence of sex chromosomes complicates the evolution of cosexuality (hermaphroditism). Four new genomic studies from haploid-dominant plants show commonalities and differences in mechanisms of the evolution of cosexuality, raising questions about the genetics of sexual dimorphism and the fate of cosexual lineages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Physical educators often reported being ill-equipped to teach autistic children. Furthermore, autistic children often report having negative experiences in physical education. The physical educator is key to shaping these experiences; however, research examining these educators' perspective towards teaching autistic children is limited. Aims: The purpose of this study was to explore physical educators' experiences working with autistic children. Method: A sequential explanatory mixed methods approach was utilized by first administering a questionnaire to physical educators about their perceptions towards teaching autistic children, and second, conducting in-depth interviews with a subset of the sample. Results: Survey data revealed that participants perceived that a variety of autistic characteristics challenging their ability to effectively teach autistic children. These challenges were further elaborated on in qualitative data in the theme of 'autism is a spectrum: an array of challenges'. Moreover, participants discussed strategies employed to effectively work with autistic children (theme 2: 'best practices'), including the importance of relationship building (theme 3: 'relationship building is vital'). Conclusions/Implications: Although physical educators are using various evidence-based practices and hold some views that the challenges autistic children face are partly attributed to society and the structures within it, a medical model viewpoint continues to be prominent. Future research should examine how physical educators form their views towards teaching autistic children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study shows that residual variation can cause problems related to scaling in exponential random graph models (ERGM). Residual variation is likely to exist when there are unmeasured variables in a model—even those uncorrelated with other predictors—or when the logistic form of the model is inappropriate. As a consequence, coefficients cannot be interpreted as effect sizes or compared between models and homophily coefficients, as well as other interaction coefficients, cannot be interpreted as substantive effects in most ERGM applications. We conduct a series of simulations considering the substantive impact of these issues, revealing that realistic levels of residual variation can have large consequences for ERGM inference. A flexible methodological framework is introduced to overcome these problems. Formal tests of mediation and moderation are also proposed. These methods are applied to revisit the relationship between selective mixing and triadic closure in a large AddHealth school friendship network. Extensions to other classes of statistical work models are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Black Americans are exposed to higher annual levels of air pollution containing fine particulate matter (particles with an aerodynamic diameter of ≤2.5 μm [PM2.5]) than White Americans and may be more susceptible to its health effects. Low-income Americans may also be more susceptible to PM2.5 pollution than high-income Americans. Because information is lacking on exposure–response curves for PM2.5 exposure and mortality among marginalized subpopulations categorized according to both race and socioeconomic position, the Environmental Protection Agency lacks important evidence to inform its regulatory rulemaking for PM2.5 standards. METHODS We analyzed 623 million person-years of Medicare data from 73 million persons 65 years of age or older from 2000 through 2016 to estimate associations between annual PM2.5 exposure and mortality in subpopulations defined simultaneously by racial identity (Black vs. White) and income level (Medicaid eligible vs. ineligible). RESULTS Lower PM2.5 exposure was associated with lower mortality in the full population, but marginalized subpopulations appeared to benefit more as PM2.5 levels decreased. For example, the hazard ratio associated with decreasing PM2.5 from 12 μg per cubic meter to 8 μg per cubic meter for the White higher-income subpopulation was 0.963 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.955 to 0.970), whereas equivalent hazard ratios for marginalized subpopulations were lower: 0.931 (95% CI, 0.909 to 0.953) for the Black higher-income subpopulation, 0.940 (95% CI, 0.931 to 0.948) for the White low-income subpopulation, and 0.939 (95% CI, 0.921 to 0.957) for the Black low-income subpopulation. CONCLUSIONS Higher-income Black persons, low-income White persons, and low-income Black persons may benefit more from lower PM2.5 levels than higher-income White persons. These findings underscore the importance of considering racial identity and income together when assessing health inequities. (Funded by the National Institutes of Health and the Alfred P. Sloan Foundation.) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a common reason university students seek counseling. Various internal cognitive processes are risk factors for college students’ depression (e.g., anxiety, stress level, inability to manage stressors, brooding rumination, and self-deprecating thoughts). We used dominance analyses to determine the relative contribution of each internal cognitive process in explaining depressive symptoms, which process was most important, and whether any process completely dominated other processes. Self-report data were collected from 5,033 ethnically-diverse university students (18-25 years). Women (compared to men) reported significantly higher depressive symptoms, anxiety, stress level, inability to manage stressors, brooding, and self-deprecation. The combination of internal cognitive processes accounted for substantial variance in depressive symptoms in women and men. Each internal cognitive process made unique contributions, although complete dominance was not found. The order of relative contribution from most important to least important follows: generalized anxiety, inability to manage stressors, self-deprecation, stress level, and brooding rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dams interrupt the longitudinal connectivity of rivers and consequently disrupt the structure and function of downstream communities. The Serial Discontinuity Concept recognizes these disruptions and suggests that the impacts of dams on downstream communities should attenuate with increasing distance from the dam. The impacts of dams on communities immediately downstream are well studied, but less is known about how dams affect longitudinal patterns of community structure and functional attributes. To investigate the impacts of a large hydropower dam on downstream macroinvertebrate assemblage structure and function, we sampled riffle habitats along a 49-km reach on the Green River below Flaming Gorge Dam for 1 year. We collected monthly samples from seven sites, ranging from 0.8 to 49 km below the dam. Macroinvertebrate assemblage composition differed among sites below the dam and exhibited distinct longitudinal patterns. Taxonomic richness increased with increasing distance from the dam, but total macroinvertebrate abundance and annual secondary production decreased with increasing distance from the dam. Furthermore, functional feeding group composition differed among sites and also exhibited longitudinal patterns. Our results contribute to a body of evidence that demonstrates longitudinal effects of dams on downstream macroinvertebrate community structure and function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined psychological distress among students at a predominantly-minority college, attitudes toward seeking help, and utilization of college counseling services. Demographic variables and associations between 8 problem areas (depression, generalized anxiety, social anxiety, academic stress, eating concerns, family distress, hostility, substance use) were explored. Participants were 347 students at a large public university. In 2016-2017, students completed a Web-based questionnaire providing information about their mental health, attitudes toward seeking help, and utilization of counseling services. Psychological distress was significantly higher for LGBQT, Muslim and female students and lower for Christian affiliated and religious students. LGBQT students were less likely to seek psychological help than other students. Utilization of college counseling did not differ by race or gender. Administrators at PMCs must increase their efforts to disseminate information about mental health services and reduce barriers to seeking help, particularly for LGBQT, female and Muslim students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mobile communication's embedding throughout social life has generated new directions in research and theory to understand changes in how people engage with others, the physical environment, and media content. As an early home for mobile communication research, New Media & Society is well-positioned to host this special issue, including eight articles themed around Futures in Mobile Communication Research. Although diverse in research traditions, the articles come together to reflect a shared historical influence as well as coherent themes around theory, methods, and ethics to help guide these and other futures in mobile communication research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terbium radioisotopes (149Tb, 152Tb, 155Tb, 161Tb) offer a unique class of radionuclides which encompass all four medicinally relevant nuclear decay modalities (α, β+, γ, β−/e−), and show high potential for the development of element-matched theranostic radiopharmaceuticals. The goal of this study was to design, synthesise, and evaluate the suitability of crown-TATE as a new peptide-conjugate for radiolabelling of [155Tb]Tb3+ and [161Tb]Tb3+, and to assess the imaging and pharmacokinetic properties of each radiotracer in tumour-bearing mice. [155Tb]Tb-crown-TATE and [161Tb]Tb-crown-TATE were prepared efficiently under mild conditions, and exhibited excellent stability in human serum (>99.5% RCP over 7 days). Longitudinal SPECT/CT images were acquired for 155Tb- and 161Tb- labelled crown-TATE in male NRG mice bearing AR42J tumours. The radiotracers, [155Tb]Tb-crown-TATE and [161Tb]Tb-crown-TATE, showed high tumour targeting (32.6 and 30.0 %ID/g, respectively) and minimal retention in non-target organs at 2.5 h post-administration. Biodistribution studies confirmed the SPECT/CT results, showing high tumour uptake (38.7 ± 8.0 %ID/g and 38.5 ± 3.5 %ID/g, respectively) and favourable tumour-to-background ratios. Blocking studies further confirmed SSTR2-specific tumour accumulation. Overall, these findings suggest that crown-TATE has great potential for element-matched molecular imaging and radionuclide therapy using 155Tb and 161Tb. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]