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The number of students with disabilities, which covers a range of conditions including physical and cognitive impairments, is on the rise. Further and higher education institutions are obliged to ensure that teaching and assessment is inclusive. This is particularly pertinent since the pandemic as many students have missed social opportunities that may have offered academic capital. We conducted a systematic review of relevant United Kingdom literature on how assessment for distance education in further education and higher education can be made inclusive in practical and purposeful ways. Assessment is the fundamental way that we measure students' understanding and progress; it is only through demonstrating knowledge against the set criteria and learning outcomes that students can pass assessments and earn credits toward completion of their degree. We found three key themes in promoting student potential: (a) purposeful and accessible feedback, (b) online group work opportunities, (c) student agency over assessment format.

Understanding the mechanisms for cellular aging is a fundamental question in biology. Normal red blood cells (RBCs) survive for approximately 100 days, and their survival is likely limited by functional decline secondary to cumulative damage to cell constituents, which may be reflected in altered metabolic capabilities. To investigate metabolic changes during in vivo RBC aging, labeled cell populations were purified at intervals and assessed for abundance of metabolic intermediates using mass spectrometry. A total of 167 metabolites were profiled and quantified from cell populations of defined ages. Older RBCs maintained ATP and redox charge states at the cost of altered activity of enzymatic pathways. Time-dependent changes were identified in metabolites related to maintenance of the redox state and membrane structure. These findings illuminate the differential metabolic pathway usage associated with normal cellular aging and identify potential biomarkers to determine average RBC age and rates of RBC turnover from a single blood sample.