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8. Psychometric validation of a patient‐reported experience measure of obstetric racism© (The PREM‐OB Scale™ suite)

Author

VanGompel, Emily White, Lai, Jin‐Shei, Davis, Dána‐Ain, Carlock, Francesca, Camara, Tamentanefer L, Taylor, Brianne, Clary, Chakiya, McCorkle‐Jamieson, Ashlee M, McKenzie‐Sampson, Safyer, Gay, Caryl, Armijo, Amanda, Lapeyrolerie, Lillie, Singh, Lavisha, and Scott, Karen A

Subjects
Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being, Female, Humans, Patient Reported Outcome Measures, Psychometrics, Racism, Surveys and Questionnaires, black mothers, obstetric racism, psychometrics, quality improvement, Medical and Health Sciences, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine
Abstract

BackgroundPerinatal quality improvement lacks valid tools to measure adverse hospital experiences disproportionately impacting Black mothers and birthing people. Measuring and mitigating harm requires using a framework that centers the lived experiences of Black birthing people in evaluating inequitable care, namely, obstetric racism. We sought to develop a valid patient-reported experience measure (PREM) of Obstetric Racism© in hospital-based intrapartum care designed for, by, and with Black women as patient, community, and content experts.MethodsPROMIS© instrument development standards adapted with cultural rigor methodology. Phase 1 included item pool generation, modified Delphi method, and cognitive interviews. Phase 2 evaluated the item pool using factor analysis and item response theory.ResultsItems were identified or written to cover 7 previously identified theoretical domains. 806 Black mothers and birthing people completed the pilot test. Factor analysis concluded a 3 factor structure with good fit indices (CFI = 0.931-0.977, RMSEA = 0.087-0.10, R2  > .3, residual correlation

Published
2022

15. Long-term efficacy and safety of a treatment strategy for HIV infection using protease inhibitor monotherapy: 8-year routine clinical care follow-up from a randomised, controlled, open-label pragmatic trial (PIVOT)

Author

Fisher, Martin, Clarke, Amanda, Hadley, Wendy, Stacey, David, Johnson, Margaret, Byrne, Pat, Williams, Ian, De Esteban, Nahum, Pellegrino, Pierre, Haddow, Lewis, Arenas-Pinto, Alejandro, Orkin, Chloe, Hand, James, De Souza, Carl, Murthen, Lisa, Crawford-Jones, Andrew, Chen, Fabian, Wilson, Ruth, Green, Elizabeth, Masterson, John, Lee, Vincent, Patel, Kamlesh, Howe, Rebecca, Winston, Alan, Mullaney, Scott, Gompels, Mark, Jennings, Louise, Beeching, Nicholas, Tamaklo, Rebecca, Fox, Julie, Teague, Alistair, Jendrulek, Isabelle, Tiraboschi, Juan Manuel, Wilkins, Ed, Clowes, Yvonne, Thompson, Andrew, Brook, Gary, Trivedi, Manoj, Aderogba, Kazeem, Jones, Martin, DeBurgh-Thomas, Andrew, Jones, Liz, Reeves, Iain, Mguni, Sifiso, Chadwick, David, Spence, Pauline, Nkhoma, Nellie, Warwick, Zoe, Price, Suzanne, Read, Sally, Herieka, Elbushra, Walker, James, Woodward, Ruth, Day, John, Hilton, Laura, Harinda, Veerakathy, Blackman, Helen, Hay, Phillip, Mejewska, Wendy, Okolo, Olanike, Ong, Edmund, Martin, Karen, Munro, Lee, Dockrell, David, Smart, Lynne, Ainsworth, Jonathan, Waters, Anele, Kegg, Stephen, McNamara, Sara, Taylor, Steve, Gilleran, Gerry, Gazzard, Brian, Rowlands, Jane, Allan, Sris, Sandhu, Rumun, O'Farrell, Nigel, Quaid, Sheena, Martin, Fabiola, Bennett, Caroline, Kapembwa, Moses, Minton, Jane, Calderwood, James, Post, Frank, Campbell, Lucy, Wandolo, Emily, Palfreeman, Adrian, Mashonganyika, Linda, Balachandran, Thambiah, Kakowa, Memory, O'Connell, Rebecca, Tanawa, Cheryl, Jebakumar, Sinna, Hagger, Lesley, Quah, Say, McKernan, Sinead, Lacey, Charles, Douglas, Sarah, Russell-Sharpe, Sarah, Brewer, Christine, Leen, Clifford, Morris, Sheila, Obeyesekera, Sharmin, Williams, Shirley, David, Nelson, Roberts, Mark, Wollaston, Julie, Paton, Nicholas, Stöhr, Wolfgang, Scott, Karen, Dunn, David, Beaumont, Emma, Fleck, Sue, Hall, Mark, Hennings, Susie, Kummeling, Ischa, Martins, Sara, Owen-Powell, Ellen, Sanders, Karen, van Hooff, Fionna, Vivas, Livia, White, Ellen, Angus, Brian, Freedman, Andrew, Cromerty, Ben, Mercey, Danielle, Fidler, Sarah, Torok, Estee, Babiker, Abdel, Peto, Tim, Lalloo, David, Phillips, Andrew, James, Robert, Paton, Nicholas I., and Dunn, David T.

Published
2024
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17. Clinicians' Perspectives on Racism and Black Women's Maternal Health.

Author

Chambers, Brittany D, Taylor, Brianne, Nelson, Tamara, Harrison, Jessica, Bell, Arielle, O'Leary, Allison, Arega, Helen A, Hashemi, Sepehr, McKenzie-Sampson, Safyer, Scott, Karen A, Raine-Bennett, Tina, Jackson, Andrea V, Kuppermann, Miriam, and McLemore, Monica R

Subjects
African Americans, maternal health, racism, women's health, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Clinical Research, Pediatric, Health Services, Reproductive health and childbirth
Abstract

ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to explore clinician perceptions of how racism affects Black women's pregnancy experiences, perinatal care, and birth outcomes.Materials and methodsWe conducted 25 semi-structured interviews with perinatal care clinicians practicing in the San Francisco Bay Area (January to March 2019) who serve racially diverse women. Participants were primarily recruited through "Dear Perinatal Care Provider" email correspondences sent through department listservs. Culturally concordant, qualitatively trained research assistants conducted all interviews in person. The interviews ranged from 30 to 60 minutes and were audio-recorded and professionally transcribed verbatim. We used the constant comparative method consistent with grounded theory to analyze data.ResultsMost participants were obstetrician/gynecologists (n = 11, 44%) or certified nurse midwives (n = 8, 32%), had worked in their current role for 1 to 5 years (n = 10, 40%), and identified as white (n = 16, 64%). Three themes emerged from the interviews: provision of inequitable care (e.g., I had a woman who had a massive complication during her labor course and felt like she wasn't being treated seriously); surveillance of Black women and families (e.g., A urine tox screen on the Black baby even though it was not indicated, and they didn't do it on the white baby when, in fact, it was indicated); and structural care issues (e.g., the history of medical racial experimentation).ConclusionClinicians' views about how racism is currently operating and negatively impacting Black women's care experiences, health outcomes, and well-being in medical institutions will be used to develop a racial equity training for perinatal care clinicians in collaboration with Black women and clinicians.

Published
2022

18. Maternal nativity and risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among Black women residing in California, 2011-2017.

Author

McKenzie-Sampson, Safyer, Baer, Rebecca J, Blebu, Bridgette E, Karasek, Deborah, Oltman, Scott P, Pantell, Matthew S, Rand, Larry, Rogers, Elizabeth E, Torres, Jacqueline M, Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Laura L, Scott, Karen A, and Chambers, Brittany D

Subjects
Humans, Fetal Growth Retardation, Premature Birth, Infant Mortality, Pregnancy, Infant, Infant, Newborn, Infant, Small for Gestational Age, United States, Female, Black People, Pediatric, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Prevention, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Clinical Sciences, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Pediatrics
Abstract

ObjectiveExamine the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes among the United States (US)-born and foreign-born Black women in California.Study designThe study comprised all singleton live births to Black women in California between 2011 and 2017. We defined maternal nativity as US-born or foreign-born. Using Poisson regression, we computed risk ratios (RR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for three adverse perinatal outcomes: preterm birth, small for gestational age deliveries, and infant mortality.ResultsRates of adverse perinatal outcomes were significantly higher among US-born Black women. In adjusted models, US-born Black women experienced an increased risk of preterm birth (RR 1.51, 95% CI 1.39, 1.65) and small for gestational age deliveries (RR 1.52, 95% CI 1.41, 1.64), compared to foreign-born Black women.ConclusionsFuture studies should consider experiences of racism across the life course when exploring heterogeneity in the risk of adverse perinatal outcomes by nativity among Black women in the US.

Published
2021

19. Risk and Protective Factors for Preterm Birth Among Black Women in Oakland, California.

Author

McLemore, Monica R, Berkowitz, Rachel L, Oltman, Scott P, Baer, Rebecca J, Franck, Linda, Fuchs, Jonathan, Karasek, Deborah A, Kuppermann, Miriam, McKenzie-Sampson, Safyer, Melbourne, Daphina, Taylor, Briane, Williams, Shanell, Rand, Larry, Chambers, Brittany D, Scott, Karen, and Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Laura L

Subjects
Humans, Premature Birth, Hypertension, Prenatal Care, Risk Factors, Retrospective Studies, Pregnancy, Adolescent, Adult, Infant, Newborn, California, Female, Young Adult, Protective Factors, Black or African American, Black women, Oakland, Preterm birth, Protective factors, Risk factors, Pediatric, Infant Mortality, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Prevention, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Public Health and Health Services
Abstract

This project examines risk and protective factors for preterm birth (PTB) among Black women in Oakland, California. Women with singleton births in 2011-2017 (n = 6199) were included. Risk and protective factors for PTB and independent risk groups were identified using logistic regression and recursive partitioning. Having less than 3 prenatal care visits was associated with highest PTB risk. Hypertension (preexisting, gestational), previous PTB, and unknown Women, Infant, Children (WIC) program participation were associated with a two-fold increased risk for PTB. Maternal birth outside of the USA and participation in WIC were protective. Broad differences in rates, risks, and protective factors for PTB were observed.

Published
2021

20. The association of COVID-19 infection in pregnancy with preterm birth: A retrospective cohort study in California.

Author

Karasek, Deborah, Baer, Rebecca J, McLemore, Monica R, Bell, April J, Blebu, Bridgette E, Casey, Joan A, Coleman-Phox, Kimberly, Costello, Jean M, Felder, Jennifer N, Flowers, Elena, Fuchs, Jonathan D, Gomez, Anu Manchikanti, Karvonen, Kayla, Kuppermann, Miriam, Liang, Liang, McKenzie-Sampson, Safyer, McCulloch, Charles E, Oltman, Scott P, Pantell, Matthew S, Piao, Xianhua, Prather, Aric A, Schmidt, Rebecca J, Scott, Karen A, Spellen, Solaire, Stookey, Jodi D, Tesfalul, Martha, Rand, Larry, and Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Laura L

Subjects
COVID-19, Pregnancy, Preterm Birth, Racial/Ethnic Inequities, Pediatric, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Infant Mortality, Prevention, Clinical Research, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Contraception/Reproduction, Reproductive health and childbirth
Abstract

IntroductionOur understanding of the association between coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and preterm or early term birth among racially and ethnically diverse populations and people with chronic medical conditions is limited.MethodsWe determined the association between COVID-19 and preterm (PTB) birth among live births documented by California Vital Statistics birth certificates between July 2020 and January 2021 (n=240,147). We used best obstetric estimate of gestational age to classify births as very preterm (VPTB,

Published
2021

23. Community Support Persons and Mitigating Obstetric Racism During Childbirth

Author

Lett, Elle, Hyacinthe, Marie-Fatima, Davis, Dana-Ain, and Scott, Karen A.

Subjects
Community health aides -- Influence, Health care disparities -- Prevention, Primary health care -- Quality management -- Social aspects, Obstetrics -- Social aspects, Health, Science and technology
Abstract

PURPOSE We undertook a study to assess whether presence of community support persons (CSPs), with no hospital affiliation or alignment, mitigates acts of obstetric racism during hospitalization for labor, birth, and immediate postpartum care. METHODS We conducted a cross-sectional cohort study, measuring 3 domains of obstetric racism as defined for, by, and with Black birthing people: humanity (violation of safety and accountability, autonomy, communication and information exchange, and empathy); kinship (denial or disruption of community and familial bonds that support Black birthing people); and racism in the form of anti-Black racism and misogynoir (weaponization of societal stereotypes and scripts in service provision that reproduce gendered anti-Black racism in the hospital). We used a novel, validated instrument, the Patient-Reported Experience Measure of Obstetric Racism (the PREM-OB Scale suite), and linear regression analysis to determine the association between CSP presence during hospital births and obstetric racism. RESULTS Analyses were based on 806 Black birthing people, 720 (89.3%) of whom had at least 1 CSP present throughout their labor, birth, and immediate postpartum care. The presence of CSPs was associated with fewer acts of obstetric racism across all 3 domains, with statistically significant reductions in scores in the CSP group of one-third to two-third SD units relative to the no-CSP group. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CSPs may be an effective way to reduce obstetric racism as part of quality improvement initiatives, emphasizing the need for democratizing the birthing experience and birth space, and incorporating community members as a way to promote the safety of Black birthing people in hospital settings. Key words: childbirth; labor, obstetric; maternal health services; obstetric racism; medical racism; health care disparities; misogynoir; Black maternal health; health inequities; community support person; labor coach; vulnerable populations https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.2958 Annals 'Online First' article, INTRODUCTION The provision of hospital-based obstetrics care in the United States facilitates disparate maternal and perinatal health care experiences and outcomes that disproportionately and unfairly impact Black mothers and birthing [...]

Published
2023
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24. Neuropsychiatric manifestations and sleep disturbances with dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy versus standard of care in children and adolescents: a secondary analysis of the ODYSSEY trial

Author

Mehar (nee Abdulla), Amina Farhana, Abraham, Pattamukkil, Abrams, Elaine, Acero, Judith, Agaba, Gerald Muzorah, Ahimbisibwe, Grace, Ainebyoona, Barbara, Akobye, Winnie, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, Akoojee, Nazim, Ali, Shabinah S., Amuge, Pauline, Andrea, Catherine, Muñoz Fernandez, Maria Angeles, Ankunda, Rogers, Rutebarika, Diana Antonia, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, Apollo, Tsitsi, Archary, Moherndran, Arendze, Ronelle, Ategeka, Juliet, Atim, Eunice, Atwine, Lorna, Babiker, Abdel, Babirye, Sarah, Babu, Enock, Bagirigomwa, Edward, Baita, Angella, Balamusani, David, Baliram, Patsy, Baliruno, David, Ball, Colin, Balwa, Henry, Bamford, Alasdair, Bandi, Srini, Barker, Dominique, Barlow-Mosha, Linda, Bbuye, Dickson, Begum, Shazia, Behuhuma, Osee, Bernays, Sarah, Besigye, Rogers, Bester, Maria, Bhiri, Joyline, Bilardi, Davide, Bird, Kristien, Bollen, Pauline, Borg, Chiara, Borges Da Silva, Anne-Marie, Brown, Jackie, Bruno, Elena, Bunupuradah, Torsak, Burger, David, Buthelezi, Nomzamo, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, Byaruhanga, Africanus, Calvert, Joanna, Casey, Petronelle, Cassim, Haseena, Cebekhulu, Sphiwee, Chailert, Sanuphong, Chalermpantmetagul, Suwalai, Chamjamrat, Wanna, Chan, Man, Chandiwana, Precious, Chankun, Thannapat, Chanthaburanun, Sararut, Chanto, Nuttawut, Chidziva, Ennie, Chikowore, Minenhle, Chimanzi, Joy, Chinwong, Dujrudee, Chitongo, Stuart, Chitsamatanga, Moses, Choga, Joshua, Chutima, Duangrat, Clayden, Polly, Coelho, Alexandra, Colbers, Angela, Compagnucci, Alexandra, Constança Mendes, Ana, Conway, Magda, Cotton, Mark F, Crawley, Jane, Cressey, Tim R, Crisp, Jacky, Matos, Ana Cristina, Dadan, Sumaya, Daglish, Jacqui, Danaviah, Siva, Daniel, Tseleng, De Rossi, Anita, Denjanta, Sukanda, Dobbels, Els, Dowie, Maria, Dube, Prosper, Dube, Benedictor, Dudakia, Nimisha, Elwana, Alice, Epalza, Cristina, Eram, David, Erasmus, Juan, Erim, Peter, Escosa Garcia, Luis, Essack, Zaakirah, Estepa, Carolina, Etima, Monica, Fernandes, Alexandre, Fernandez, Maite, Fitzgerald, Felicity, Flynn, Jacquie, Ford, Deborah, Fortuny Guasch, Claudia, Foster, Caroline, Fourie, George, Fourie, Yolandie, Foxall, Sophie, Frank, Derusha, Gandhi, Kate, Garcia, India, Gartner, Kathleen, Gasa, Joshua, Gasa, Gugu, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gibb, Diana M, Gomez Rico, Coral, Gomez-Pena, Daniel, Gondo, Secrecy, Goodman, Anna, Gorreti Nakalema, Maria, Gozhora, Winnie, Greetanukroh, Pisut, Gregorio Maranon, Biobanco, Grossele, Tiziana, Gwande, Shamiso, Gwaze, Tapiwa, Gwenzi, Tsitsi, Hakim, James, Hakiza, Emmanuel, Kaka, Abdul Hamid, Harley, Ashley, Isaacs, Mornay, Isabirye, Richard, Ishemunyoro, Wilber, Jacobs, Tom, Jafta, Lungile, Jamil, Nasir, Janse van Rensburg, Anita Janse, Jeaven, Vinesh, Mellado Peña, Maria José, Jourdain, Gonzague, Juliet, Katabalwa, Jumpimai, Thidarat, Junkaew, Raungwit, Jupimai, Thidarat, Kaahwa, Winfred, Kabasonga, Mildred, Kaboggoza, Olivia, Kadhuba, Rose Jacqueline, Kaewbundit, Ampika, Kaewmamueng, Kanyanee, Kafufu, Bosco, Kakayi, Brenda, Kamboua, Phakamas, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, Kasangaki, Gladys, Kasipong, Naruporn, Kasozi, Miriam, Kataike, Hajira, Katemba, Chrispus, Kaudha, Elizabeth, Kekane, Nkata, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R, Keminyeto, Edridah, Khamduang, Woottichai, Khamjakkaew, Warunee, Khamkon, Jiraporn, Khannak, Sasipass, Khatngam, Orapin, Khayanchoomnoom, Tassawan, Khumalo, Busi, Khunene, Mirriam, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kibalama, Phionah, Kibenge, Robinah, Kirabira, Anthony, Kityo, Cissy M, Kiyimba, Lameck, Klein, Nigel, Klinprung, Soraya, Kobbe, Robin, Kobusingye, Olivia, Kobusungye, Josephine, Kongponoi, Areerat, Königs, Christoph, Koole, Olivier, Kouakam, Christelle, Krueduangkam, Nitinart, Kruenual, Namthip, Kunjaroenrut, Nuananong, Kyambadde, Raymonds, Kyobutungi, Priscilla, Kyomuhendo, Flavia, Kyomukama, Erinah, Lakha, Reshma, Langa, Cleopatra, Laomanit, Laddawan, Lebotsa, Emily, Leenasirimakul, Prattana, Lekku, Lawrence, Lensen, Sarah, Leroy, Valériane, Li, Jin, Liberty, Afaaf, Limplertjareanwanich, Juthamas, Little, Emma, Lugemwa, Abbas, Lutalo, Ezra, Jimenez, Jose Luis, Lyall, Hermione, MacDonald, Candice, Machache, Gladness, Madlala, Penelope, Madonsela, Tryphina, Maduna, Nomfundo, Maena, Joel, Mahanontharit, Apicha, Makanga, Collin, Makola, Candice, Makumbi, Shafic, Malgraaf, Lucille, Mamiane, Angelous, Mantkowski, Felicia, Mapfumo, Wendy, Marques, Laura, Mugagga, Agnes Mary, Maseko, Lindiwe, Masienyane, Tshepiso, Mathiba, Ruth, Matimba, Farai, Mawlana, Sajeeda, Mayanja, Emmanuel, Mayat, Fatima, Mbabazi, Ritah, Mbadaliga, Nokuthula, Mbasani, Faith, McClaughlin, Kathleen, McIlleron, Helen, Meethaisong, Watchara, Mendez Garcia, Patricia, Miwanda, Annet, Miranda, Carlota, Mkhize, Siphiwe, Mmolawa, Kgosimang, Mngqibisa, Rosie, Mohamed, Fatima, Moloantoa, Tumelo, Monametsi, Maletsatsi, Montero, Samuel, Moore, Cecilia L, Mosia, Rejoice, Moyo, Columbus, Mthethwa, Mumsy, Mudzingwa, Shepherd, Mudzviti, Tawona, Mujuru, Hilda, Mujyambere, Emmanuel, Mukanganiki, Trust, Mukisa Williams, Cynthia, Mulder, Mark, Mulima, Disan, Mulindwa, Alice, Mumbiro, Vivian, Mupambireyi, Zivai, Murciano Cabeza, Alba, Murungi, Herbert, Murungu, Dorothy, Musarurwa, Sandra, Musiime, Victor, Musiime, Alex V, Musisi, Maria, Musoke, Philippa, Musoke Nakirya, Barbara, Musoro, Godfrey, Musumba, Sharif, Mustafa, Sobia, Mutsai, Shirley, Mwesigwa Rubondo, Phyllis, Naabalamba, Mariam, Nagawa, Immaculate, Naidoo, Allemah, Nakabuye, Shamim, Nakabuye, Sarah, Nakalanzi, Sarah, Nalubwama, Justine, Nalugo, Annet, Nalusiba, Stella, Namajja, Clementine, Namanda, Sylvia, Namayanja, Paula, Nambi, Esther, Namuddu, Rachael Kikabi, Namukwaya, Stella, Namuli, Florence, Namusanje, Josephine, Namwanje, Rosemary, Nanan-kanjee, Anusha, Nanduudu, Annet, Nankunda, Charity, Baddokwaya, Joanita Nankya, Nannungi, Maria, Nansamba, Winnie, Nanthapisal, Kesdao, Nanyonjo, Juliet, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, Nasaazi, Claire, Nascimento, Helena, Nastouli, Eleni, Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie, Nathoo, Kusum, Natuhurira, Ian, Nazzinda, Rashidah, Ncgaba, Thabisa, Ndigendawani, Milly, Ndlovu, Makhosonke, Nentsa, Georgina, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, Ngcobo, Ntombenhle, Ngo Giang Huong, Nicole, Ngwaru, Pia, Nhema, Ruth, Ninsiima, Emily, Ninsiima, Gloria, Nkalo Phiri, Misheck, Noguera Julian, Antoni, Nolan, Monica, Noppakaorattanamanee, Thornthun, Nsibuka Kisekka, Muzamil, Nsirim, Eniola, Nundlal, Rashina, Nunes, Rosita, Nyantsa, Lungile, Nyati, Mandisa, O'Riordan, Sean, Ocitti Labeja, Paul, Odoch, Denis, Oguntimehin, Rachel, Ojok, Martin, Onen, Geoffrey, Orange, Wilma, Ounchanum, Pradthana, Ouma, Benson, Padrao, Andreia, Pako, Deborah, Parker, Anna, Pasko-Szcech, Malgorzata, Patel, Reena, Peongjakta, Rukchanok, Petpranee, Turian, Phillips, Tasmin, Philps, Jackie, Picault, Laura, Pieterse, Sonja, Pinheiro, Helena, Pongprapass, Supawadee, Pozniak, Anton, Prendergast, Andrew, Prieto Tato, Luis, Puangmalai, Patcharee, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Rakgokong, Modiehi, Ramos, Helena, Ramsagar, Nastassja, Rau, Cornelius, Riault, Yoann, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, Clark, Basiimwa Roy, Rubanga, Eddie, Rubinga, Baker, Ruklao, Chutima, Runarassamee, Pattira, Saenjum, Chalermpong, Saewtrakool, Chayakorn, Saidi, Yacine, Sainz Costa, Talia, Saisaengjan, Chutima, Sakwa, Rebecca, Sarfati, Tatiana, Sbisi, Noshalaza, Scheppers, Dihedile, Schultze-Strasser, Stephan, Schulze-Sturm, Ulf, Scott, Karen, Seeley, Janet, Serunjogi, Robert, Sewnarain, Leora, Shakeshaft, Clare, Sidhoo, Subashinie, Shibemba, Mercy, Shingadia, Delane, Singh, Sheleika, Sirirungsi, Wasna, Sithebe, Sibongile, Smit, Theresa, Smith, Kurt, Smuts, Marlize, Spyer, Moira, Sripaoraya, Worathip, Srirompotong, Ussanee, Srisuk, Warunee, Ssenyonga, Mark, Sudsaard, Patamawadee, Sukrakanchana, Praornsuda, Tearsansern, Pathanee, Teixeira, Carla, Than-in-at, Kanchana, Thapwai, Thitiwat, Thaweesombat, Yupawan, Thewsoongnoen, Jutarat, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Thomason, Margaret, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Thungkham, Khanungnit, Tikabibamu, Judith, Tinago, Gloria, Trairat, Ketmookda, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, Tukamushaba, Mercy, Tukwasibwe, Deogratiuos, Tumusiime, Julius, Tuna, Joana, Turkova, Anna, Turner, Rebecca, Udomvised, Arttasid, Vadee, Aasia, Van Huyssteen, Hesti, Van Looy, Nadine, Variava, Ebrahim, Vaughan-Gordon, Yvonne, Vecchia, Giulio, Violari, Avy, Vowden, Richard, Waalewijn, Hylke, Wampamba, Rebecca, Welch, Steve, Weller, Ian, Weza, Sibusisiwe, White, Ellen, White, Ian, Widuch, Kaja, Wilkes, Helen, Wimonklang, Sookpanee, Wynne, Ben, Yingyong, Pacharaporn, Nakawungu, Zaam Zinda, Zuidewind, Peter, Ahimbisibwe, Grace Miriam, Mosia, Nozibusiso Rejoice, Fortuny, Clàudia, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa F, Mujuru, Hilda A, Kityo, Cissy, Ferrand, Rashida A, and Rojo, Pablo

Published
2023
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27. Preterm birth and nativity among Black women with gestational diabetes in California, 2013–2017: a population-based retrospective cohort study

Author

Scott, Karen A, Chambers, Brittany D, Baer, Rebecca J, Ryckman, Kelli K, McLemore, Monica R, and Jelliffe-Pawlowski, Laura L

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Midwifery, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Health Sciences, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Infant Mortality, Contraception/Reproduction, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Prevention, Pediatric, Diabetes, Clinical Research, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Adult, Black or African American, California, Diabetes, Gestational, Emigrants and Immigrants, Female, Gestational Age, Health Status Disparities, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Age, Pre-Eclampsia, Pregnancy, Premature Birth, Prevalence, Protective Factors, Retrospective Studies, Risk Factors, Severity of Illness Index, Young Adult, Black women, Preterm birth severity, Preterm birth subtypes, Gestational diabetes, Nativity, Preeclampsia, Anti-racist praxis, Nursing, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Public Health and Health Services, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive medicine
Abstract

BackgroundDespite the disproportionate prevalence of gestational diabetes (GDM) and preterm birth (PTB) and their associated adverse perinatal outcomes among Black women, little is known about PTB among Black women with GDM. Specifically, the relationship between PTB by subtype (defined as indicated PTB and spontaneous PT labor) and severity, GDM, and nativity has not been well characterized. Here we examine the risk of PTB by severity (early

Published
2020

31. First, Do No Harm: Why Philanthropy Needs to Re-Examine Its Role in Reproductive Equity and Racial Justice

Author

Scott, Karen A, Bray, Stephanie, and McLemore, Monica R

Subjects
Public Health, Health Sciences, Peace, Justice and Strong Institutions, Good Health and Well Being, philanthropy, reproductive equity, racial justice, cultural rigor, Public health
Abstract

The philanthropic-industrial complex fosters the belief that the most marginalized communities lack an existing repository of historical and contemporary knowledge to address social and health inequities. In so doing, philanthropy has contributed to the diminishing political power, legitimacy, and effectiveness of community voices and leadership in reproductive equity through research injustice, cultural arrogance, philanthropic redlining, and community harm. Black Feminism and Reproductive Justice, as mutually aligned theories and praxes, are described as new ethical standards for philanthropic accountability. Funders must embody the equity they aspire to see and build through the operationalization of cultural rigor to advance structural equity and racial justice and to sustain community engagement in research.

Published
2020

32. Reflecting on Equity in Perinatal Care During a Pandemic.

Author

Niles, P Mimi, Asiodu, Ifeyinwa V, Crear-Perry, Joia, Julian, Zoë, Lyndon, Audrey, McLemore, Monica R, Planey, Arianna M, Scott, Karen A, and Vedam, Saraswathi

Subjects
health disparities, minority health, public health, reproductive health, Clinical Research, Good Health and Well Being
Abstract

Growing discourse around maternity care during the pandemic offers an opportunity to reflect on how this crisis has amplified inequities in health care. We argue that policies upholding the rights of birthing people, and policies decreasing the risk of COVID-19 transmission are not mutually exclusive. The explicit lack of standardization of evidence-based maternity care, whether expressed in clinical protocols or institutional policy, has disproportionately impacted marginalized communities. If these factors remain unexamined, then it would seem that equity is not the priority, but retaining power and control is. We advocate for a comprehensive understanding of how this pandemic has revealed our deepest failures.

Published
2020

40. Race, Research, and Women's Health: Best Practice Guidelines for Investigators.

Author

McLemore, Monica R, Asiodu, Ifeyinwa, Crear-Perry, Joia, Davis, Dana Ain, Drew, Michelle, Hardeman, Rachel R, Mendez, Dara D, Roberts, Lynn, and Scott, Karen A

Subjects
Reproductive Medicine, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Female, Humans, Women's Health, Paediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, Obstetrics & Reproductive Medicine, Reproductive medicine
Published
2019

41. The Ethics of Perinatal Care for Black Women

Author

Scott, Karen A, Britton, Laura, and McLemore, Monica R

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Midwifery, Public Health, Health Sciences, Preterm, Low Birth Weight and Health of the Newborn, Pediatric, Perinatal Period - Conditions Originating in Perinatal Period, Clinical Research, Prevention, Infant Mortality, Reproductive health and childbirth, Good Health and Well Being, Black or African American, Female, Health Equity, Healthcare Disparities, Humans, Infant, Newborn, Maternal Health, Narrative Therapy, Needs Assessment, Neonatal Nursing, Nurse's Role, Perinatal Care, Postnatal Care, Pregnancy, Racism, United States, African, black American women, chronic disease, diabetes, health disparities, health inequities, hypertension, pregnancy, social determinants of health, Nursing
Abstract

Perinatal and neonatal nurses have a critical role to play in effectively addressing the disproportionate prevalence of adverse pregnancy outcomes experienced by black childbearing families. Upstream inequities in maternal health must be better understood and addressed to achieve this goal. The importance of maternal health before, during, and after pregnancy is illustrated with the growing and inequitable prevalence of 2 common illnesses, pregestational diabetes and chronic hypertension, and 2 common conditions during and after pregnancy, gestational diabetes and preterm birth. New care models are needed and must be structured on appropriate ethical principles for serving black families in partnership with nurses. The overarching purpose of this article is to describe the ethics of perinatal care for black women; to discuss how social determinants of health, health disparities, and health inequities affecting women contribute to poor outcomes among their children; and to provide tools to dismantle structural racism specific to "mother blame" narratives." Finally, strategies are presented to enhance the provision of ethical perinatal care for black women by nurses.

Published
2019

42. Dolutegravir twice-daily dosing in children with HIV-associated tuberculosis: a pharmacokinetic and safety study within the open-label, multicentre, randomised, non-inferiority ODYSSEY trial

Author

Mehar (nee Abdulla), Amina Farhana, Abraham, Pattamukkil, Abrams, Elaine, Acero, Judith, Agaba, Gerald Muzorah, Ahimbisibwe, Grace, Ainebyoona, Barbara, Akobye, Winnie, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, Akoojee, Nazim, Ali, Shabinah S., Amuge, Pauline, Andrea, Catherine, Muñoz Fernandez, Maria Angeles, Ankunda, Rogers, Rutebarika, Diana Antonia, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, Apollo, Tsitsi, Archary, Moherndran, Arendze, Ronelle, Ategeka, Juliet, Atim, Eunice, Atwine, Lorna, Babiker, Abdel, Babirye, Sarah, Babu, Enock, Bagirigomwa, Edward, Baita, Angella, Balamusani, David, Baliram, Patsy, Baliruno, David, Ball, Colin, Balwa, Henry, Bamford, Alasdair, Bandi, Srini, Barker, Dominique, Barlow-Mosha, Linda, Bbuye, Dickson, Begum, Shazia, Behuhuma, Osee, Bernays, Sarah, Besigye, Rogers, Bester, Maria, Bhiri, Joyline, Bilardi, Davide, Bird, Kristien, Bollen, Pauline, Borg, Chiara, Borges Da Silva, Anne-Marie, Brown, Jackie, Bruno, Elena, Bunupuradah, Torsak, Burger, David, Buthelezi, Nomzamo, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, Byaruhanga, Africanus, Calvert, Joanna, Casey, Petronelle, Cassim, Haseena, Cebekhulu, Sphiwee, Chailert, Sanuphong, Chalermpantmetagul, Suwalai, Chamjamrat, Wanna, Chan, Man, Chandiwana, Precious, Chankun, Thannapat, Chanthaburanun, Sararut, Chanto, Nuttawut, Chidziva, Ennie, Chikowore, Minenhle, Chimanzi, Joy, Chinwong, Dujrudee, Chitongo, Stuart, Chitsamatanga, Moses, Choga, Joshua, Chutima, Duangrat, Clayden, Polly, Coelho, Alexandra, Colbers, Angela, Compagnucci, Alexandra, Constança Mendes, Ana, Conway, Magda, Cotton, Mark F., Crawley, Jane, Cressey, Tim R., Crisp, Jacky, Matos, Ana Cristina, Dadan, Sumaya, Daglish, Jacqui, Danaviah, Siva, Daniel, Tseleng, De Rossi, Anita, Denjanta, Sukanda, Dobbels, Els, Dowie, Maria, Dube, Prosper, Dube, Benedictor, Dudakia, Nimisha, Elwana, Alice, Epalza, Cristina, Eram, David, Erasmus, Juan, Erim, Peter, Escosa Garcia, Luis, Essack, Zaakirah, Estepa, Carolina, Etima, Monica, Fernandes, Alexandre, Fernandez, Maite, Fitzgerald, Felicity, Flynn, Jacquie, Ford, Deborah, Fortuny Guasch, Claudia, Foster, Caroline, Fourie, George, Fourie, Yolandie, Foxall, Sophie, Frank, Derusha, Gandhi, Kate, Garcia, India, Gartner, Kathleen, Gasa, Joshua, Gasa, Gugu, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gibb, Diana M., Gomez Rico, Coral, Gomez-Pena, Daniel, Gondo, Secrecy, Goodman, Anna, Gorreti Nakalema, Maria, Gozhora, Winnie, Greetanukroh, Pisut, Gregorio Maranon, Biobanco, Grossele, Tiziana, Gwande, Shamiso, Gwaze, Tapiwa, Gwenzi, Tsitsi, Hakim, James, Hakiza, Emmanuel, Kaka, Abdul Hamid, Harley, Ashley, Isaacs, Mornay, Isabirye, Richard, Ishemunyoro, Wilber, Jacobs, Tom, Jafta, Lungile, Jamil, Nasir, Janse van Rensburg, Anita Janse, Jeaven, Vinesh, Mellado Peña, Maria José, Jourdain, Gonzague, Juliet, Katabalwa, Jumpimai, Thidarat, Junkaew, Raungwit, Jupimai, Thidarat, Kaahwa, Winfred, Kabasonga, Mildred, Kaboggoza, Olivia, Kadhuba, Rose Jacqueline, Kaewbundit, Ampika, Kaewmamueng, Kanyanee, Kafufu, Bosco, Kakayi, Brenda, Kamboua, Phakamas, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, Kasangaki, Gladys, Kasipong, Naruporn, Kasozi, Miriam, Kataike, Hajira, Katemba, Chrispus, Kaudha, Elizabeth, Kekane, Nkata, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R., Keminyeto, Edridah, Khamduang, Woottichai, Khamjakkaew, Warunee, Khamkon, Jiraporn, Khannak, Sasipass, Khatngam, Orapin, Khayanchoomnoom, Tassawan, Khumalo, Busi, Khunene, Mirriam, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kibalama, Phionah, Kibenge, Robinah, Kirabira, Anthony, Kityo, Cissy M., Kiyimba, Lameck, Klein, Nigel, Klinprung, Soraya, Kobbe, Robin, Kobusingye, Olivia, Kobusungye, Josephine, Kongponoi, Areerat, Königs, Christoph, Koole, Olivier, Kouakam, Christelle, Krueduangkam, Nitinart, Kruenual, Namthip, Kunjaroenrut, Nuananong, Kyambadde, Raymonds, Kyobutungi, Priscilla, Kyomuhendo, Flavia, Kyomukama, Erinah, Lakha, Reshma, Langa, Cleopatra, Laomanit, Laddawan, Lebotsa, Emily, Leenasirimakul, Prattana, Lekku, Lawrence, Lensen, Sarah, Leroy, Valériane, Li, Jin, Liberty, Afaaf, Limplertjareanwanich, Juthamas, Little, Emma, Lugemwa, Abbas, Lutalo, Ezra, Jimenez, Jose Luis, Lyall, Hermione, MacDonald, Candice, Machache, Gladness, Madlala, Penelope, Madonsela, Tryphina, Maduna, Nomfundo, Maena, Joel, Mahanontharit, Apicha, Makanga, Collin, Makola, Candice, Makumbi, Shafic, Malgraaf, Lucille, Mamiane, Angelous, Mantkowski, Felicia, Mapfumo, Wendy, Marques, Laura, Mugagga, Agnes Mary, Maseko, Lindiwe, Masienyane, Tshepiso, Mathiba, Ruth, Matimba, Farai, Mawlana, Sajeeda, Mayanja, Emmanuel, Mayat, Fatima, Mbabazi, Ritah, Mbadaliga, Nokuthula, Mbasani, Faith, McClaughlin, Kathleen, McIlleron, Helen, Meethaisong, Watchara, Mendez Garcia, Patricia, Miwanda, Annet, Miranda, Carlota, Mkhize, Siphiwe, Mmolawa, Kgosimang, Mngqibisa, Rosie, Mohamed, Fatima, Moloantoa, Tumelo, Monametsi, Maletsatsi, Montero, Samuel, Moore, Cecilia L., Mosia, Rejoice, Moyo, Columbus, Mthethwa, Mumsy, Mudzingwa, Shepherd, Mudzviti, Tawona, Mujuru, Hilda, Mujyambere, Emmanuel, Mukanganiki, Trust, Mukisa Williams, Cynthia, Mulder, Mark, Mulima, Disan, Mulindwa, Alice, Mumbiro, Vivian, Mupambireyi, Zivai, Murciano Cabeza, Alba, Murungi, Herbert, Murungu, Dorothy, Musarurwa, Sandra, Musiime, Victor, Musiime, Alex V., Musisi, Maria, Musoke, Philippa, Musoke Nakirya, Barbara, Musoro, Godfrey, Musumba, Sharif, Mustafa, Sobia, Mutsai, Shirley, Mwesigwa Rubondo, Phyllis, Naabalamba, Mariam, Nagawa, Immaculate, Naidoo, Allemah, Nakabuye, Shamim, Nakabuye, Sarah, Nakalanzi, Sarah, Nalubwama, Justine, Nalugo, Annet, Nalusiba, Stella, Namajja, Clementine, Namanda, Sylvia, Namayanja, Paula, Nambi, Esther, Namuddu, Rachael Kikabi, Namukwaya, Stella, Namuli, Florence, Namusanje, Josephine, Namwanje, Rosemary, Nanan-kanjee, Anusha, Nanduudu, Annet, Nankunda, Charity, Baddokwaya, Joanita Nankya, Nannungi, Maria, Nansamba, Winnie, Nanthapisal, Kesdao, Nanyonjo, Juliet, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, Nasaazi, Claire, Nascimento, Helena, Nastouli, Eleni, Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie, Nathoo, Kusum, Natuhurira, Ian, Nazzinda, Rashidah, Ncgaba, Thabisa, Ndigendawani, Milly, Ndlovu, Makhosonke, Nentsa, Georgina, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, Ngcobo, Ntombenhle, Ngo Giang Huong, Nicole, Ngwaru, Pia, Nhema, Ruth, Ninsiima, Emily, Ninsiima, Gloria, Nkalo Phiri, Misheck, Noguera Julian, Antoni, Nolan, Monica, Noppakaorattanamanee, Thornthun, Nsibuka Kisekka, Muzamil, Nsirim, Eniola, Nundlal, Rashina, Nunes, Rosita, Nyantsa, Lungile, Nyati, Mandisa, O'Riordan, Sean, Ocitti Labeja, Paul, Odoch, Denis, Oguntimehin, Rachel, Ojok, Martin, Onen, Geoffrey, Orange, Wilma, Ounchanum, Pradthana, Ouma, Benson, Padrao, Andreia, Pako, Deborah, Parker, Anna, Pasko-Szcech, Malgorzata, Patel, Reena, Peongjakta, Rukchanok, Petpranee, Turian, Phillips, Tasmin, Philps, Jackie, Picault, Laura, Pieterse, Sonja, Pinheiro, Helena, Pongprapass, Supawadee, Pozniak, Anton, Prendergast, Andrew, Prieto Tato, Luis, Puangmalai, Patcharee, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Rakgokong, Modiehi, Ramos, Helena, Ramsagar, Nastassja, Rau, Cornelius, Riault, Yoann, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, Clark, Basiimwa Roy, Rubanga, Eddie, Rubinga, Baker, Ruklao, Chutima, Runarassamee, Pattira, Saenjum, Chalermpong, Saewtrakool, Chayakorn, Saidi, Yacine, Sainz Costa, Talia, Saisaengjan, Chutima, Sakwa, Rebecca, Sarfati, Tatiana, Sbisi, Noshalaza, Scheppers, Dihedile, Schultze-Strasser, Stephan, Schulze-Sturm, Ulf, Scott, Karen, Seeley, Janet, Serunjogi, Robert, Sewnarain, Leora, Shakeshaft, Clare, Sidhoo, Subashinie, Shibemba, Mercy, Shingadia, Delane, Singh, Sheleika, Sirirungsi, Wasna, Sithebe, Sibongile, Smit, Theresa, Smith, Kurt, Smuts, Marlize, Spyer, Moira, Sripaoraya, Worathip, Srirompotong, Ussanee, Srisuk, Warunee, Ssenyonga, Mark, Sudsaard, Patamawadee, Sukrakanchana, Praornsuda, Tearsansern, Pathanee, Teixeira, Carla, Than-in-at, Kanchana, Thapwai, Thitiwat, Thaweesombat, Yupawan, Thewsoongnoen, Jutarat, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Thomason, Margaret, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Thungkham, Khanungnit, Tikabibamu, Judith, Tinago, Gloria, Trairat, Ketmookda, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, Tukamushaba, Mercy, Tukwasibwe, Deogratiuos, Tumusiime, Julius, Tuna, Joana, Turkova, Anna, Turner, Rebecca, Udomvised, Arttasid, Vadee, Aasia, Van Huyssteen, Hesti, Van Looy, Nadine, Variava, Ebrahim, Vaughan-Gordon, Yvonne, Vecchia, Giulio, Violari, Avy, Vowden, Richard, Waalewijn, Hylke, Wampamba, Rebecca, Welch, Steve, Weller, Ian, Weza, Sibusisiwe, White, Ellen, White, Ian, Widuch, Kaja, Wilkes, Helen, Wimonklang, Sookpanee, Wynne, Ben, Yingyong, Pacharaporn, Nakawungu, Zaam Zinda, Zuidewind, Peter, Chan, Man K, Bollen, Pauline D J, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa F, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R, Cotton, Mark F, Ahimbisibwe, Grace Miriam, Ali, Shabinah, Kityo, Cissy M, Ferrand, Rashida A, Gibb, Diana M, and Burger, David M

Published
2022
Full Text
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43. Once-daily dolutegravir-based antiretroviral therapy in infants and children living with HIV from age 4 weeks: results from the below 14 kg cohort in the randomised ODYSSEY trial

Author

Mehar (nee Abdulla), Amina Farhana, Abraham, Pattamukkil, Abrams, Elaine, Acero, Judith, Agaba, Gerald Muzorah, Ahimbisibwe, Grace, Ainebyoona, Barbara, Akobye, Winnie, Akhalwaya, Yasmeen, Akoojee, Nazim, Ali, Shabinah S., Amuge, Pauline, Andrea, Catherine, Muñoz Fernandez, Maria Angeles, Ankunda, Rogers, Rutebarika, Diana Antonia, Anugulruengkitt, Suvaporn, Apollo, Tsitsi, Archary, Moherndran, Arendze, Ronelle, Ategeka, Juliet, Atim, Eunice, Atwine, Lorna, Babiker, Abdel, Babirye, Sarah, Babu, Enock, Bagirigomwa, Edward, Baita, Angella, Balamusani, David, Baliram, Patsy, Baliruno, David, Ball, Colin, Balwa, Henry, Bamford, Alasdair, Bandi, Srini, Barker, Dominique, Barlow-Mosha, Linda, Bbuye, Dickson, Begum, Shazia, Behuhuma, Osee, Bernays, Sarah, Besigye, Rogers, Bester, Maria, Bhiri, Joyline, Bilardi, Davide, Bird, Kristien, Bollen, Pauline, Borg, Chiara, Borges Da Silva, Anne-Marie, Brown, Jackie, Bruno, Elena, Bunupuradah, Torsak, Burger, David, Buthelezi, Nomzamo, Bwakura-Dangarembizi, Mutsa, Byaruhanga, Africanus, Calvert, Joanna, Casey, Petronelle, Cassim, Haseena, Cebekhulu, Sphiwee, Chailert, Sanuphong, Chalermpantmetagul, Suwalai, Chamjamrat, Wanna, Chan, Man, Chandiwana, Precious, Chankun, Thannapat, Chanthaburanun, Sararut, Chanto, Nuttawut, Chidziva, Ennie, Chikowore, Minenhle, Chimanzi, Joy, Chinwong, Dujrudee, Chitongo, Stuart, Chitsamatanga, Moses, Choga, Joshua, Chutima, Duangrat, Clayden, Polly, Coelho, Alexandra, Colbers, Angela, Compagnucci, Alexandra, Constança Mendes, Ana, Conway, Magda, Cotton, Mark F., Crawley, Jane, Cressey, Tim R., Crisp, Jacky, Matos, Ana Cristina, Dadan, Sumaya, Daglish, Jacqui, Danaviah, Siva, Daniel, Tseleng, De Rossi, Anita, Denjanta, Sukanda, Dobbels, Els, Dowie, Maria, Dube, Prosper, Dube, Benedictor, Dudakia, Nimisha, Elwana, Alice, Epalza, Cristina, Eram, David, Erasmus, Juan, Erim, Peter, Escosa Garcia, Luis, Essack, Zaakirah, Estepa, Carolina, Etima, Monica, Fernandes, Alexandre, Fernandez, Maite, Fitzgerald, Felicity, Flynn, Jacquie, Ford, Deborah, Fortuny Guasch, Claudia, Foster, Caroline, Fourie, George, Fourie, Yolandie, Foxall, Sophie, Frank, Derusha, Gandhi, Kate, Garcia, India, Gartner, Kathleen, Gasa, Joshua, Gasa, Gugu, Giaquinto, Carlo, Gibb, Diana M., Gomez Rico, Coral, Gomez-Pena, Daniel, Gondo, Secrecy, Goodman, Anna, Gorreti Nakalema, Maria, Gozhora, Winnie, Greetanukroh, Pisut, Gregorio Maranon, Biobanco, Grossele, Tiziana, Gwande, Shamiso, Gwaze, Tapiwa, Gwenzi, Tsitsi, Hakim, James, Hakiza, Emmanuel, Kaka, Abdul Hamid, Harley, Ashley, Isaacs, Mornay, Isabirye, Richard, Ishemunyoro, Wilber, Jacobs, Tom, Jafta, Lungile, Jamil, Nasir, Janse van Rensburg, Anita Janse, Jeaven, Vinesh, Mellado Peña, Maria José, Jourdain, Gonzague, Juliet, Katabalwa, Jumpimai, Thidarat, Junkaew, Raungwit, Jupimai, Thidarat, Kaahwa, Winfred, Kabasonga, Mildred, Kaboggoza, Olivia, Kadhuba, Rose Jacqueline, Kaewbundit, Ampika, Kaewmamueng, Kanyanee, Kafufu, Bosco, Kakayi, Brenda, Kamboua, Phakamas, Kanjanavanit, Suparat, Kasangaki, Gladys, Kasipong, Naruporn, Kasozi, Miriam, Kataike, Hajira, Katemba, Chrispus, Kaudha, Elizabeth, Kekane, Nkata, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R., Keminyeto, Edridah, Khamduang, Woottichai, Khamjakkaew, Warunee, Khamkon, Jiraporn, Khannak, Sasipass, Khatngam, Orapin, Khayanchoomnoom, Tassawan, Khumalo, Busi, Khunene, Mirriam, Khusuwan, Suwimon, Kibalama, Phionah, Kibenge, Robinah, Kirabira, Anthony, Kityo, Cissy M., Kiyimba, Lameck, Klein, Nigel, Klinprung, Soraya, Kobbe, Robin, Kobusingye, Olivia, Kobusungye, Josephine, Kongponoi, Areerat, Königs, Christoph, Koole, Olivier, Kouakam, Christelle, Krueduangkam, Nitinart, Kruenual, Namthip, Kunjaroenrut, Nuananong, Kyambadde, Raymonds, Kyobutungi, Priscilla, Kyomuhendo, Flavia, Kyomukama, Erinah, Lakha, Reshma, Langa, Cleopatra, Laomanit, Laddawan, Lebotsa, Emily, Leenasirimakul, Prattana, Lekku, Lawrence, Lensen, Sarah, Leroy, Valériane, Li, Jin, Liberty, Afaaf, Limplertjareanwanich, Juthamas, Little, Emma, Lugemwa, Abbas, Lutalo, Ezra, Jimenez, Jose Luis, Lyall, Hermione, MacDonald, Candice, Machache, Gladness, Madlala, Penelope, Madonsela, Tryphina, Maduna, Nomfundo, Maena, Joel, Mahanontharit, Apicha, Makanga, Collin, Makola, Candice, Makumbi, Shafic, Malgraaf, Lucille, Mamiane, Angelous, Mantkowski, Felicia, Mapfumo, Wendy, Marques, Laura, Mugagga, Agnes Mary, Maseko, Lindiwe, Masienyane, Tshepiso, Mathiba, Ruth, Matimba, Farai, Mawlana, Sajeeda, Mayanja, Emmanuel, Mayat, Fatima, Mbabazi, Ritah, Mbadaliga, Nokuthula, Mbasani, Faith, McClaughlin, Kathleen, McIlleron, Helen, Meethaisong, Watchara, Mendez Garcia, Patricia, Miwanda, Annet, Miranda, Carlota, Mkhize, Siphiwe, Mmolawa, Kgosimang, Mngqibisa, Rosie, Mohamed, Fatima, Moloantoa, Tumelo, Monametsi, Maletsatsi, Montero, Samuel, Moore, Cecilia L., Mosia, Rejoice, Moyo, Columbus, Mthethwa, Mumsy, Mudzingwa, Shepherd, Mudzviti, Tawona, Mujuru, Hilda, Mujyambere, Emmanuel, Mukanganiki, Trust, Mukisa Williams, Cynthia, Mulder, Mark, Mulima, Disan, Mulindwa, Alice, Mumbiro, Vivian, Mupambireyi, Zivai, Murciano Cabeza, Alba, Murungi, Herbert, Murungu, Dorothy, Musarurwa, Sandra, Musiime, Victor, Musiime, Alex V., Musisi, Maria, Musoke, Philippa, Musoke Nakirya, Barbara, Musoro, Godfrey, Musumba, Sharif, Mustafa, Sobia, Mutsai, Shirley, Mwesigwa Rubondo, Phyllis, Naabalamba, Mariam, Nagawa, Immaculate, Naidoo, Allemah, Nakabuye, Shamim, Nakabuye, Sarah, Nakalanzi, Sarah, Nalubwama, Justine, Nalugo, Annet, Nalusiba, Stella, Namajja, Clementine, Namanda, Sylvia, Namayanja, Paula, Nambi, Esther, Namuddu, Rachael Kikabi, Namukwaya, Stella, Namuli, Florence, Namusanje, Josephine, Namwanje, Rosemary, Nanan-kanjee, Anusha, Nanduudu, Annet, Nankunda, Charity, Baddokwaya, Joanita Nankya, Nannungi, Maria, Nansamba, Winnie, Nanthapisal, Kesdao, Nanyonjo, Juliet, Na-Rajsima, Sathaporn, Nasaazi, Claire, Nascimento, Helena, Nastouli, Eleni, Songtaweesin, Wipaporn Natalie, Nathoo, Kusum, Natuhurira, Ian, Nazzinda, Rashidah, Ncgaba, Thabisa, Ndigendawani, Milly, Ndlovu, Makhosonke, Nentsa, Georgina, Ngampiyaskul, Chaiwat, Ngcobo, Ntombenhle, Ngo Giang Huong, Nicole, Ngwaru, Pia, Nhema, Ruth, Ninsiima, Emily, Ninsiima, Gloria, Nkalo Phiri, Misheck, Noguera Julian, Antoni, Nolan, Monica, Noppakaorattanamanee, Thornthun, Nsibuka Kisekka, Muzamil, Nsirim, Eniola, Nundlal, Rashina, Nunes, Rosita, Nyantsa, Lungile, Nyati, Mandisa, O'Riordan, Sean, Ocitti Labeja, Paul, Odoch, Denis, Oguntimehin, Rachel, Ojok, Martin, Onen, Geoffrey, Orange, Wilma, Ounchanum, Pradthana, Ouma, Benson, Padrao, Andreia, Pako, Deborah, Parker, Anna, Pasko-Szcech, Malgorzata, Patel, Reena, Peongjakta, Rukchanok, Petpranee, Turian, Phillips, Tasmin, Philps, Jackie, Picault, Laura, Pieterse, Sonja, Pinheiro, Helena, Pongprapass, Supawadee, Pozniak, Anton, Prendergast, Andrew, Prieto Tato, Luis, Puangmalai, Patcharee, Puthanakit, Thanyawee, Rakgokong, Modiehi, Ramos, Helena, Ramsagar, Nastassja, Rau, Cornelius, Riault, Yoann, Rojo Conejo, Pablo, Clark, Basiimwa Roy, Rubanga, Eddie, Rubinga, Baker, Ruklao, Chutima, Runarassamee, Pattira, Saenjum, Chalermpong, Saewtrakool, Chayakorn, Saidi, Yacine, Sainz Costa, Talia, Saisaengjan, Chutima, Sakwa, Rebecca, Sarfati, Tatiana, Sbisi, Noshalaza, Scheppers, Dihedile, Schultze-Strasser, Stephan, Schulze-Sturm, Ulf, Scott, Karen, Seeley, Janet, Serunjogi, Robert, Sewnarain, Leora, Shakeshaft, Clare, Sidhoo, Subashinie, Shibemba, Mercy, Shingadia, Delane, Singh, Sheleika, Sirirungsi, Wasna, Sithebe, Sibongile, Smit, Theresa, Smith, Kurt, Smuts, Marlize, Spyer, Moira, Sripaoraya, Worathip, Srirompotong, Ussanee, Srisuk, Warunee, Ssenyonga, Mark, Sudsaard, Patamawadee, Sukrakanchana, Praornsuda, Tearsansern, Pathanee, Teixeira, Carla, Than-in-at, Kanchana, Thapwai, Thitiwat, Thaweesombat, Yupawan, Thewsoongnoen, Jutarat, Thiébaut, Rodolphe, Thomason, Margaret, Thrasyvoulou, Laura, Thungkham, Khanungnit, Tikabibamu, Judith, Tinago, Gloria, Trairat, Ketmookda, Tudor-Williams, Gareth, Tukamushaba, Mercy, Tukwasibwe, Deogratiuos, Tumusiime, Julius, Tuna, Joana, Turkova, Anna, Turner, Rebecca, Udomvised, Arttasid, Vadee, Aasia, Van Huyssteen, Hesti, Van Looy, Nadine, Variava, Ebrahim, Vaughan-Gordon, Yvonne, Vecchia, Giulio, Violari, Avy, Vowden, Richard, Waalewijn, Hylke, Wampamba, Rebecca, Welch, Steve, Weller, Ian, Weza, Sibusisiwe, White, Ellen, White, Ian, Widuch, Kaja, Wilkes, Helen, Wimonklang, Sookpanee, Wynne, Ben, Yingyong, Pacharaporn, Nakawungu, Zaam Zinda, Zuidewind, Peter, Mujuru, Hilda A, Kityo, Cissy M, Turner, Rebecca M, Ali, Shabinah, Nathoo, Kusum J, Mosala, Modehei, Kekitiinwa, Adeodata R, Rojo, Pablo, and Gibb, Diana M

Published
2022
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49. The emergence of bromazolam in Jefferson County, AL: a case series.

Author

Green, Kesley D, Bianco, Lisa M, McCleskey, Brandi C, and Scott, Karen S

Subjects
MEDICAL examiners (Law), DRUG overdose, DRUG toxicity, ALPRAZOLAM, CENTRAL nervous system, FENTANYL
Abstract

Postmortem toxicology is an ever-changing landscape presenting challenges for toxicologists and medical examiners. Trends can vary for certain benzodiazepines. While diazepam use tends to remain constant, alprazolam and clonazepam ebb and flow depending on prescription trends and street popularity. Novel benzodiazepines like etizolam vary in casework depending on legal restrictions and black market availability. In May 2022, the first case of the designer benzodiazepine, bromazolam, was detected in Jefferson County Coroner/Medical Examiner's Office casework. Between then and December 2023, an additional nine cases have been observed. Bromazolam is the brominated analog of the low-dose benzodiazepine, alprazolam, and is likely similar in potency. As bromazolam is a potent benzodiazepine, low concentrations of this novel drug are likely to contribute to central nervous system depression in opioid overdose cases. We present 10 cases in which bromazolam was detected in postmortem samples at the University of Alabama at Birmingham toxicology laboratory. The decedents ranged in age from 20 to 41 years. Most of the decedents were White (n  = 8; 80%) and male (n = 7; 70%). Bromazolam concentrations ranged from 21 to 3220 ng/mL (mean 401 ng/mL). All but one case were polydrug, and all deaths were related to drug toxicity. Fentanyl was detected in 8 of the 10 decedents, with concentrations ranging from <2.5 to 97 ng/mL (mean 30 ng/mL). Additional drugs detected were methamphetamine, ethanol, oxycodone, methadone, cocaine, amphetamine, morphine, and diphenhydramine. While all manners of death were ruled as accidental, bromazolam was included in the cause of death statements in 9 of the 10 cases. Capturing important emerging drug trends in the death certificate is critical to help inform public health and medical colleagues for preventive measures and treatment in the continued drug epidemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Applications of Sample Preparation Techniques in the Analysis of New Psychoactive Substances.

Author

Nisbet, Lorna A., Wylie, Fiona M., and Scott, Karen S.

Subjects
SOLID phase extraction, ETHYL acetate, COMPLEX matrices, STATISTICAL significance, COMPLEX compounds
Abstract

The global rise of new psychoactive substances (NPSs) poses challenges for their analysis in biological matrices due to their complex chemistries and short market lifespan. A comparative study for the simultaneous extraction, separation, and detection of 19 NPSs was conducted. Six solid-phase extraction (SPE) methods and one supported liquid extraction method (SLE) were compared for the extraction of analytes from blood, serum, plasma, and urine. Comparisons of four derivatization agents were conducted, at four temperatures and two incubation times. Extraction methods were assessed by precision, sensitivity, and extraction efficiency. Derivatizing agents were assessed on their selectivity and sensitivity, and a three-way ANOVA was conducted to determine statistical significance. CSDAU SPE cartridges were shown to be the most efficient when extracting analytes from blood, serum, and plasma, whereas Xcel I cartridges performed the strongest when extracting analytes from urine. SPE extraction efficiencies, when utilizing the best-performing cartridges, ranged from 49 to 119%. SLE successfully extracted all analytes from all matrices (ranging from 22 to 120%). Pentafluoropropionic anhydride: ethyl acetate was the most successful derivatizing agent, allowing all analytes to be detected, with the highest peak area responses and more unique spectra. The optimum temperature for incubation was 37 °C, with no statistical difference found between the two incubation times. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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