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Objective: The purpose of this study is to determine children's perception of secondary cleft lip deformity (SCLD) using objective eye tracking technology and subjective responses on a survey to understand pediatric perceptions of facial scarring. Design: Cross‐sectional study of participants aged 5–17 years old. Methods: Participants viewed images of children's faces with an eye tracking device. Sixteen images were displayed, 12 with unilateral SCLD and four with no facial scarring. Eye tracking data were obtained. Gaze samples were analyzed for areas of interest (AOIs). Immediately after viewing each image, participants answered two survey questions relating to facial asymmetry attitude toward the child pictured. For analysis, participants were divided into age groups. Results: A total of 259 participants were enrolled (42.5% female). Mean age was 10.5 years and 78% identified as White. In all age groups, total fixation time was greater for SCLD compared to control images. Early elementary age children spent significantly less time assessing the nose AOI compared to other groups, and also spent the least total fixation time and had the lowest visit count on all AOIs. Subjective survey questions showed similar trends with elementary age not noticing facial asymmetry compared to older age groups. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the successful use of eye tracking technology in children as young as 5 years old. This study suggests that SCLD is perceived as less noticeable in elementary age children and becomes more noticeable to older groups. Understanding peer perception on SCLD from this study may impact decision on revision surgery for SCLD. Level of Evidence: IV Laryngoscope, 134:2726–2733, 2024 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, flipped instruction in an undergraduate engineering course in the 'COVID' online, remote environment was conducted and compared to onsite flipped instruction (i.e. pre-COVID) to explore potential changes in student perceptions. Student perceptions were gathered via survey instruments and investigated further through instructor interviews. This analysis was done at three universities and made possible by extensive research with the flipped classroom at these three schools as part of a previous NSF-funded study between 2014 and 2016. Results gathered in the online remote setting suggest positive changes in student perceptions of flipped instruction compared to the onsite environment, including the decreased perception of the 'load' imposed by the flipped classroom and the 'effort'' required. Some desirable outcomes remained unchanged in the remote setting. The recent and emerging literature has suggested the remote, online environment dictated by the pandemic may be beneficial for flipped teaching and learning. These and other findings from conducting flipped classrooms at three engineering schools in the online environment are presented, including perceptions of the classroom environment (via the College and University Environment Inventory), benefits and drawbacks identified, student motivation levels, and perceived learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Author(s): Katherine Bourzac [1]; Neil Savage [2]; Brian Owens [3]; Andrew R Scott [4] Mosaic Materials: Capitalizing on carbon capture University of California, Berkeley Chemist Zoey Herm fills a balloon [...]

Objective: To examine the incidence of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) admission following primary repair of cleft palate by otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeons at 2 tertiary centers. To identify potential diagnoses associated with admission or unanticipated PICU transfer. Study Design: Multi‐institutional case series with chart review. Setting: Two tertiary pediatric medical centers. Methods: Children who underwent primary repair of cleft palate at 2 cleft centers over a 10‐year period were identified. Charts were reviewed for demographics, comorbidities, and whether PICU admission was required. Results: From 2009 to 2019, 464 patients underwent primary repair of a cleft palate by 1 of 6 otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeons with subspecialty training in cleft surgery; 459 patients had sufficient postoperative documentation and 443 children met inclusion criteria. The incidence of PICU admission was 9.3% (41/443), with 33 (7.4%) planned admissions and 8 (1.8%) unexpected PICU transfers. Syndromic conditions were associated with both planned and unanticipated PICU admissions. Conclusion: The incidence of unanticipated postoperative PICU admission following cleft palate repair by otolaryngologist–head and neck surgeons was low. Risk stratification by surgeons with expertise in airway management may inform decisions regarding postoperative disposition of patients with medical or airway complexity who are undergoing cleft palate repair. Level of Evidence: 4 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Patients with lingual thyroglossal duct cyst (TGDC) can present as symptomatic with obstructive airway and feeding difficulties. Methods: We present 3 cases of symptomatic lingual TGDC. Results: All 3 patients were diagnosed with laryngomalacia and underwent further concurrent or delayed airway intervention, in addition to cyst removal. Conclusions: We reason that there is a phenotype of laryngomalacia in the symptomatic lingual thyroglossal duct cyst patients who present with symptoms due to disruption in laryngeal anatomy rather than the cyst itself causing obstructive symptoms. Distinguishing this phenotype, especially in comparison to other pathologies such as vallecular cysts, may better allow for planning of concurrent or delayed airway procedures and overall counseling of parents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remarkable progress in sequencing technologies and data handling is making personalized genome analysis an increasingly common feature of health care., Author(s): Andrew R. Scott [sup.1] Author Affiliations: (1) Andrew R. Scott is a freelance science writer based in Perth, Scotland, UK., Gel electrophoresis is one technique used in genome sequencing. [...]