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Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: Use of computed tomography (CT) has increased dramatically since its inception in 1970; for this reason in the last decades exposure to ionizing radiations in CT has constantly increased [1,2]. Most authors agree that patients should receive...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: The objective of virtopsy is not only to improve the objectivity of findings made by traditonal autopsy but also to solve those cases that are difficult to solve with conventional post-mortem examination. Modern cross-sectional imagingand...

The CT-v can therefore be considered an effective method as an aid in the autopsy evaluation of individuals who died for various causes; in particular, in the case of deaths due to accidental falls from high altitudes, is able to identify the primary cause of death and all the epiphenomena due to precipitation.

Learning objectives Background Findings and procedure details Conclusion Personal information References, Learning objectives: To illustrate the potential of CT-virtopsy (CT-v) as a valid help in post-mortem evaluation in gunshot-dead people. To explain as it can support, complete and, in some special cases, be a substitute of body-opening autopsy. To stress its role in...

High-power and high efficiency GaAs power MESFETs have been developed using a Carbon co-implantation technique.The active channel layer is realized by multiple Silicon implantation with and without Carbon co-implantation in the tail region of the Si donor distribution. Measurements performed on a 4 Watt power devices in the 5.9-6.4 GHz band show typical P.A.E of 29% with an intercept point of 47.8 dBm in class A operation compared to the values of 22% and 46.5 dBm of the same devices realized without any p-buried layer.

A MMIC development philosophy for industrial production purpose is first described. The design is then reported for a laboratory prototype of a two stage 4-8 GHz MMIC amplifier to be used in high capacity radio links. Then, the paper describes the overall job (involving a number of design and testing cycles, back end simulations and measured data critical analyses) which was done to make the circuit up to a standard industrial production.

The fabrication of microwave integrated circuits requires several tests to be carried out on wafer in order to check the effectiveness of the process. That is accomplished by measuring some param­eters of a small group of test devices named PCM (Process Control Monitor), located on the same wafer and fabricated with the same process. In this paper a system is presented which integrates in a single workstation the experimental procedures, and the data processing which allow to carry out on line the more significant parameters of microwave GaAs FET. In order to achieve significant results in MMIC device modeling, a proper design of the PCM layout is required. This is accomplished by using special metallized patterns on GaAs, for the network analyzer calibration, which allow to define the reference planes very close to the active area of the device. A software package drives the user through all the operations up to the development of a small signal MESFET model, so that the procedure overcomes the peculiarity of laboratory experiment and gains the characteristic of a more general and operative tool, useful for recurrent applications.

Valutazione della funzione deglutitoria in videofluoroscopia nei pazienti pediatrici.I disturbi della deglutizione in età pediatrica possono essere dovuti a diverse cause, dalla condizione di prematurità e patologie malformative sino al reflusso gastro-esofageo o a patologie infettive od infiammatorie del primo tratto gastroenterico. Nei neonati il processo della deglutizione è involontario e basato su meccanismi riflessi. In seguito, nell’ infanzia, la fase orale diventa volontaria , mentre le fasi faringea ed esofagea rimangono involontarie. I disordini della deglutizione possono severamente compromettere le capacità respiratorie e l’apporto nutrizionale dei pazienti pediatrici. La videofluorografia è una procedura radiologica che fornisce una valutazione dinamica della deglutizione ed è generalmente considerata come la metodica strumentale definitiva per valutare in modo obiettivo la disfagia nel paziente pediatrico. Questa review mira a descrivere le differenti eziologie della disfagia in età infantile, oltre che a focalizzarsi su i rilievi videofluorografici in queste condizioni patologiche.Paediatric swallowing disorders can have several causes, from prematurity and congenital anomalies to gastro-oesophageal reflux and infective or inflammatory pathologies of the upper digestive tract. In neonates, the swallowing process is reflexive and involuntary. Later in infancy, the oral phase comes under voluntary control, while the pharyngeal phase and oesophageal phases remain involuntary. Swallowing difficulties can severely compromise pulmonary health and nutritional intake of paediatric patients. Videofluoroscopic Swallow Study (VFSS) is a radiographic procedure that provides a dynamic view of the swallowing process and is frequently considered to be definitive evaluation for objective assessment of dysphagia in paediatric patients. This review focuses on the different possible aetiologies of paediatric swallowing disorders and related videofluoroscopic swallowing study procedures and appearances.

Thanatology deals with the study of early and postmortem changes in relation to the estimation of the time since death. These normal postmortem changes depend on internal and external factors, such as body temperature, preexisting conditions, underlying disease or injury, and the postmortem interval.

Autoimmune connective tissue diseases are a heterogeneous group of pathologies that affect about 10% of world population with chronic evolution in 20%–80%. Inflammation in autoimmune diseases may lead to serious damage to other organs including the gastrointestinal tract. Gastrointestinal tract involvement in these patients may also due to both a direct action of antibodies against organs and pharmacological therapies. Dysphagia is one of the most important symptom, and it is caused by failure of the swallowing function and may lead to aspiration pneumonia, malnutrition, dehydration, weight loss, and airway obstruction. The videofluorographic swallowing study is a key diagnostic tool in the detection of swallowing disorders, allowing to make an early diagnosis and to reduce the risk of gastrointestinal and pulmonary complications. This technique helps to identify both functional and structural anomalies of the anatomic chain involved in swallowing function. The aim of this review is to systematically analyze the basis of the pathological involvement of the swallowing function for each rheumatological disease and to show the main features of the videofluorographic study that may be encountered in these patients.

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: CT Colonoscopy, or Virtual Colonoscopy, is well known as an effective alternative in patients that cannot sustain classic colonoscopy [1] (Fig. 1-2). Otherwiseas allradiological procedure concerns arise for radiation exposure related to the...

Aims and objectives Methods and materials Results Conclusion Personal information References, Aims and objectives: To evaluate the anxiety level of patients waiting to undergo diagnostic radiological exams, for screening or follow-up, especially in oncological patients and ones who had to undergo breast...