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95 results on '"Scippa, G. S."'

4. Fertilization reduces root architecture plasticity in Ulmus pumila used for afforesting Mongolian semi-arid steppe

Author

Montagnoli, A., Lasserre, B., Terzaghi, M., Byambadorj, S. -O., Nyam-Osor, B., Scippa, G. S., and Chiatante, D.

Subjects
root system architecture, root topology, Siberian elm, land degradation, forest restoration, forest shelterbelt, functional root traits, tree anchorage, Plant Science
Abstract

In this study, we assessed the functional and architectural traits in the coarse roots of Ulmus pumila trees, which are used for afforesting the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia. Tree growth was supported by different watering regimes (no watering, 2, 4, and 8 L h−1) and by two types of soil fertilization (NPK and compost). In July, 2019, for each of these treatments six trees, outplanted in 2011 as 2-year-old seedlings from a container nursery, were randomly selected, excavated by hand, and digitized. The build-up of root length correlated positively with increasing levels of watering for both soil depths analyzed. The application of fertilizers led to root growth suppression resulting in a general reduction of root length in a lowered rooting depth. When root system characteristics were analyzed in relation to wind direction, unfertilized trees showed higher root diameter values in both soil layers of leeward quadrants, likely a response to mechanical forces to improve stability. On the contrary, fertilized trees did not show differences in root diameter among the different quadrants underscoring a strong reduction in root plasticity with a lack of morpho-architectural response to the mechanical forces generated by the two prevailing winds. Finally, the root branching density, another important trait for fast dissipation of mechanical forces, was significantly reduced by the fertilization, independently of the quadrants and watering regime. Our results suggest that knowledge of the root response to the afforestation techniques applied in the semi-arid steppe of Mongolia is a necessary step for revealing the susceptibility of this forest shelterbelt to the exacerbating environmental conditions caused by climate change and, thus, to the development of a sustainable and successful strategy to restore degraded lands.

Published
2022

12. Transcription factors PRE3 and WOX11 are involved in the formation of new lateral roots from secondary growth taproot in <italic>A. thaliana</italic>.

Author

Baesso, B., Chiatante, D., Terzaghi, M., Zenga, D., Nieminen, K., Mahonen, A. P., Siligato, R., Helariutta, Y., Scippa, G. S., and Montagnoli, A.

Subjects
ARABIDOPSIS proteins, AUXIN, TRANSCRIPTION factors, PLANT proteins, ARABIDOPSIS
Abstract

Abstract: The spatial deployment of lateral roots determines the ability of a plant to interact with the surrounding environment for nutrition and anchorage. This paper shows that besides the pericycle, the vascular cambium becomes active in Arabidopsis thaliana taproot at a later stage of development and is also able to form new lateral roots. To demonstrate the above, we implemented a two‐step approach in which the first step leads to development of a secondary structure in A. thaliana taproot, and the second applies a mechanical stress on the vascular cambium to initiate formation of a new lateral root primordium. GUS staining showed PRE3, DR5 and WOX11 signals in the cambial zone of the root during new lateral root formation. An advanced level of wood formation, characterized by the presence of medullar rays, was achieved. Preliminary investigations suggest the involvement of auxin and two transcription factors (PRE3/ATBS1/bHLH135/TMO7 and WOX11) in the transition of some vascular cambium initials from a role as producers of xylem/phloem mother cells to founder cells of a new lateral root primordium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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33. Root architectural and morphological response of Pinus nigra Arn. and Quercus robur L. to nutrient supply and root ensity in the soil

Author

DONATO CHIATANTE, Di Iorio, A., Scippa, G. S., and Schirone, B.

Subjects
soil fertilization, Quercus robur L, lcsh:Botany, Pinus nigra Arn, Root systems, rool density, lcsh:QK1-989
Abstract

This study used seedlings of Quercus robur L. and Pinus nigra Arn. to investigate the respanse of root systems to nutrient supply and roat density in the sail. Variation in nutrient supply was tested by using two different concentrations of nitrate and phosphate. The influence of root density was tested by spacing seedlings to provide a density of 100, 67 and 25 plants m-2. At the end of the treatments the two species presented two different root topologies which apparently each derive from a proper ontogenic speciticity. Nevertheless, the data clearly indicate that competition for nutrients and root density have affected both root system topologies by inducing a considerable modification in root traits such as total fOot length and number of apices. These modifications were different when measured in first-or second-order root laterals. This study reveals that the response of these two species to heterogeneity in soil resource distribution and root competition is regulated by root turnover. A better understanding of the response of roots to environmental signals improves our knowledge of the interaction between plants and the soil ecosystem in forests.

Published
2004

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