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1. MuCol Milestone Report No. 5: Preliminary Parameters

Author: Accettura, Carlotta, Adrian, Simon, Agarwal, Rohit, Ahdida, Claudia, Aimé, Chiara, Aksoy, Avni, Alberghi, Gian Luigi, Alden, Siobhan, Alfonso, Luca, Amapane, Nicola, Amorim, David, Andreetto, Paolo, Anulli, Fabio, Appleby, Rob, Apresyan, Artur, Asadi, Pouya, Mahmoud, Mohammed Attia, Auchmann, Bernhard, Back, John, Badea, Anthony, Bae, Kyu Jung, Bahng, E. J., Balconi, Lorenzo, Balli, Fabrice, Bandiera, Laura, Barbagallo, Carmelo, Barlow, Roger, Bartoli, Camilla, Bartosik, Nazar, Barzi, Emanuela, Batsch, Fabian, Bauce, Matteo, Begel, Michael, Berg, J. Scott, Bersani, Andrea, Bertarelli, Alessandro, Bertinelli, Francesco, Bertolin, Alessandro, Bhat, Pushpalatha, Bianchi, Clarissa, Bianco, Michele, Bishop, William, Black, Kevin, Boattini, Fulvio, Bogacz, Alex, Bonesini, Maurizio, Bordini, Bernardo, de Sousa, Patricia Borges, Bottaro, Salvatore, Bottura, Luca, Boyd, Steven, Breschi, Marco, Broggi, Francesco, Brunoldi, Matteo, Buffat, Xavier, Buonincontri, Laura, Burrows, Philip Nicholas, Burt, Graeme Campbell, Buttazzo, Dario, Caiffi, Barbara, Calatroni, Sergio, Calviani, Marco, Calzaferri, Simone, Calzolari, Daniele, Cantone, Claudio, Capdevilla, Rodolfo, Carli, Christian, Carrelli, Carlo, Casaburo, Fausto, Casarsa, Massimo, Castelli, Luca, Catanesi, Maria Gabriella, Cavallucci, Lorenzo, Cavoto, Gianluca, Celiberto, Francesco Giovanni, Celona, Luigi, Cemmi, Alessia, Ceravolo, Sergio, Cerri, Alessandro, Cerutti, Francesco, Cesarini, Gianmario, Cesarotti, Cari, Chancé, Antoine, Charitonidis, Nikolaos, Chiesa, Mauro, Chiggiato, Paolo, Ciccarella, Vittoria Ludovica, Puviani, Pietro Cioli, Colaleo, Anna, Colao, Francesco, Collamati, Francesco, Costa, Marco, Craig, Nathaniel, Curtin, David, Damerau, Heiko, Da Molin, Giacomo, D'Angelo, Laura, Dasu, Sridhara, de Blas, Jorge, De Curtis, Stefania, De Gersem, Herbert, Delahaye, Jean-Pierre, Del Moro, Tommaso, Denisov, Dmitri, Denizli, Haluk, Dermisek, Radovan, Valdor, Paula Desiré, Desponds, Charlotte, Di Luzio, Luca, Di Meco, Elisa, Diociaiuti, Eleonora, Di Petrillo, Karri Folan, Di Sarcina, Ilaria, Dorigo, Tommaso, Dreimanis, Karlis, Pree, Tristan du, Yildiz, Hatice Duran, Edgecock, Thomas, Fabbri, Siara, Fabbrichesi, Marco, Farinon, Stefania, Ferrand, Guillaume, Somoza, Jose Antonio Ferreira, Fieg, Max, Filthaut, Frank, Fox, Patrick, Franceschini, Roberto, Ximenes, Rui Franqueira, Gallinaro, Michele, Garcia-Sciveres, Maurice, Garcia-Tabares, Luis, Gargiulo, Ruben, Garion, Cedric, Garzelli, Maria Vittoria, Gast, Marco, Generoso, Lisa, Gerber, Cecilia E., Giambastiani, Luca, Gianelle, Alessio, Gianfelice-Wendt, Eliana, Gibson, Stephen, Gilardoni, Simone, Giove, Dario Augusto, Giovinco, Valentina, Giraldin, Carlo, Glioti, Alfredo, Gorzawski, Arkadiusz, Greco, Mario, Grojean, Christophe, Grudiev, Alexej, Gschwendtner, Edda, Gueli, Emanuele, Guilhaudin, Nicolas, Han, Chengcheng, Han, Tao, Hauptman, John Michael, Herndon, Matthew, Hillier, Adrian D, Hillman, Micah, Holmes, Tova Ray, Homiller, Samuel, Jana, Sudip, Jindariani, Sergo, Johannesson, Sofia, Johnson, Benjamin, Jones, Owain Rhodri, Jurj, Paul-Bogdan, Kahn, Yonatan, Kamath, Rohan, Kario, Anna, Karpov, Ivan, Kelliher, David, Kilian, Wolfgang, Kitano, Ryuichiro, Kling, Felix, Kolehmainen, Antti, Kong, K. C., Kosse, Jaap, Krintiras, Georgios, Krizka, Karol, Kumar, Nilanjana, Kvikne, Erik, Kyle, Robert, Laface, Emanuele, Lane, Kenneth, Latina, Andrea, Lechner, Anton, Lee, Junghyun, Lee, Lawrence, Lee, Seh Wook, Lefevre, Thibaut, Leonardi, Emanuele, Lerner, Giuseppe, Li, Peiran, Li, Qiang, Li, Tong, Li, Wei, Lindroos, Mats, Lipton, Ronald, Liu, Da, Liu, Miaoyuan, Liu, Zhen, Voti, Roberto Li, Lombardi, Alessandra, Lomte, Shivani, Long, Kenneth, Longo, Luigi, Lorenzo, José, Losito, Roberto, Low, Ian, Lu, Xianguo, Lucchesi, Donatella, Luo, Tianhuan, Lupato, Anna, Ma, Yang, Machida, Shinji, Madlener, Thomas, Magaletti, Lorenzo, Maggi, Marcello, Durand, Helene Mainaud, Maltoni, Fabio, Manczak, Jerzy Mikolaj, Mandurrino, Marco, Marchand, Claude, Mariani, Francesco, Marin, Stefano, Mariotto, Samuele, Martin-Haugh, Stewart, Masullo, Maria Rosaria, Mauro, Giorgio Sebastiano, Mazzolari, Andrea, Mękała, Krzysztof, Mele, Barbara, Meloni, Federico, Meng, Xiangwei, Mentink, Matthias, Métral, Elias, Miceli, Rebecca, Milas, Natalia, Mohammadi, Abdollah, Moll, Dominik, Montella, Alessandro, Morandin, Mauro, Morrone, Marco, Mulder, Tim, Musenich, Riccardo, Nardecchia, Marco, Nardi, Federico, Nenna, Felice, Neuffer, David, Newbold, David, Novelli, Daniel, Olvegård, Maja, Onel, Yasar, Orestano, Domizia, Osborne, John, Otten, Simon, Torres, Yohan Mauricio Oviedo, Paesani, Daniele, Griso, Simone Pagan, Pagani, Davide, Pal, Kincso, Palmer, Mark, Pampaloni, Alessandra, Panci, Paolo, Pani, Priscilla, Papaphilippou, Yannis, Paparella, Rocco, Paradisi, Paride, Passeri, Antonio, Pasternak, Jaroslaw, Pastrone, Nadia, Pellecchia, Antonello, Piccinini, Fulvio, Piekarz, Henryk, Pieloni, Tatiana, Plouin, Juliette, Portone, Alfredo, Potamianos, Karolos, Potdevin, Joséphine, Prestemon, Soren, Puig, Teresa, Qiang, Ji, Quettier, Lionel, Rabemananjara, Tanjona Radonirina, Radicioni, Emilio, Radogna, Raffaella, Rago, Ilaria Carmela, Ratkus, Andris, Resseguie, Elodie, Reuter, Juergen, Ribani, Pier Luigi, Riccardi, Cristina, Ricciardi, Stefania, Robens, Tania, Robert, Youri, Rogers, Chris, Rojo, Juan, Romagnoni, Marco, Ronald, Kevin, Rosser, Benjamin, Rossi, Carlo, Rossi, Lucio, Rozanov, Leo, Ruhdorfer, Maximilian, Ruiz, Richard, Saini, Saurabh, Sala, Filippo, Salierno, Claudia, Salmi, Tiina, Salvini, Paola, Salvioni, Ennio, Sammut, Nicholas, Santini, Carlo, Saputi, Alessandro, Sarra, Ivano, Scarantino, Giuseppe, Schneider-Muntau, Hans, Schulte, Daniel, Scifo, Jessica, Sen, Tanaji, Senatore, Carmine, Senol, Abdulkadir, Sertore, Daniele, Sestini, Lorenzo, Rêgo, Ricardo César Silva, Simone, Federica Maria, Skoufaris, Kyriacos, Sorbello, Gino, Sorbi, Massimo, Sorti, Stefano, Soubirou, Lisa, Spataro, David, Queiroz, Farinaldo S., Stamerra, Anna, Stapnes, Steinar, Stark, Giordon, Statera, Marco, Stechauner, Bernd Michael, Su, Shufang, Su, Wei, Sun, Xiaohu, Sytov, Alexei, Tang, Jian, Tang, Jingyu, Taylor, Rebecca, Kate, Herman Ten, Testoni, Pietro, Thiele, Leonard Sebastian, Garcia, Rogelio Tomas, Topp-Mugglestone, Max, Torims, Toms, Torre, Riccardo, Tortora, Luca, Tortora, Ludovico, Trifinopoulos, Sokratis, Udongwo, Sosoho-Abasi, Vai, Ilaria, Valente, Riccardo Umberto, van Rienen, Ursula, Van Weelderen, Rob, Vanwelde, Marion, Velev, Gueorgui, Venditti, Rosamaria, Vendrasco, Adam, Verna, Adriano, Vernassa, Gianluca, Verweij, Arjan, Verwilligen, Piet, Villamizar, Yoxara, Vittorio, Ludovico, Vitulo, Paolo, Vojskovic, Isabella, Wang, Dayong, Wang, Lian-Tao, Wang, Xing, Wendt, Manfred, Widorski, Markus, Wozniak, Mariusz, Wu, Yongcheng, Wulzer, Andrea, Xie, Keping, Yang, Yifeng, Yap, Yee Chinn, Yonehara, Katsuya, Yoo, Hwi Dong, You, Zhengyun, Zanetti, Marco, Zaza, Angela, Zhang, Liang, Zhu, Ruihu, Zlobin, Alexander, Zuliani, Davide, and Zurita, José Francisco
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: This document is comprised of a collection of updated preliminary parameters for the key parts of the muon collider. The updated preliminary parameters follow on from the October 2023 Tentative Parameters Report. Particular attention has been given to regions of the facility that are believed to hold greater technical uncertainty in their design and that have a strong impact on the cost and power consumption of the facility. The data is collected from a collaborative spreadsheet and transferred to overleaf.
Published: 2024
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2. The CRILIN calorimeter: gamma radiation resistance of crystals and SiPMs

Author: Cemmi, A., D'Orsi, B., Di Meco, E., Di Sarcina, I., Diociaiuti, E., Moulson, M., Paesani, D., Sarra, I., Scifo, J., and Verna, A.
Subjects: Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The Crilin calorimeter is a semi-homogeneous calorimetric system based on Lead Fluoride (PbF$_2$) crystals with UV-extended Silicon Photomultipliers (SiPMs) proposed for the Muon Collider. This study investigates the radiation resistance of crystals and SiPMs, subjected to 10 kGy gamma irradiation, equivalent to a 10-year service life in the Muon Collider. Our findings indicate that while PbF$_2$ crystals exhibit a decrease in transmittance post-irradiation with partial recovery over time, the alternative PbWO$_4$-Ultra Fast (PWO-UF) demonstrates exceptional radiation hardness, maintaining stable transmittance. SiPMs showed an increase in dark current and breakdown voltage post-irradiation, with less degradation observed in the SiPM biased during the exposure to radiation compared to the unbiased component. These results underscore the viability of PbF$_2$ for radiation-tolerant calorimeters, though improvements in production homogeneity are needed. The superior performance of PWO-UF crystals suggests they are a promising alternative for high-radiation applications, but their higher cost must be carefully considered., Comment: 11 pages, 7 figures, 1 table
Published: 2024
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3. Interim report for the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC)

Author: Accettura, C., Adrian, S., Agarwal, R., Ahdida, C., Aimé, C., Aksoy, A., Alberghi, G. L., Alden, S., Amapane, N., Amorim, D., Andreetto, P., Anulli, F., Appleby, R., Apresyan, A., Asadi, P., Mahmoud, M. Attia, Auchmann, B., Back, J., Badea, A., Bae, K. J., Bahng, E. J., Balconi, L., Balli, F., Bandiera, L., Barbagallo, C., Barlow, R., Bartoli, C., Bartosik, N., Barzi, E., Batsch, F., Bauce, M., Begel, M., Berg, J. S., Bersani, A., Bertarelli, A., Bertinelli, F., Bertolin, A., Bhat, P., Bianchi, C., Bianco, M., Bishop, W., Black, K., Boattini, F., Bogacz, A., Bonesini, M., Bordini, B., de Sousa, P. Borges, Bottaro, S., Bottura, L., Boyd, S., Breschi, M., Broggi, F., Brunoldi, M., Buffat, X., Buonincontri, L., Burrows, P. N., Burt, G. C., Buttazzo, D., Caiffi, B., Calatroni, S., Calviani, M., Calzaferri, S., Calzolari, D., Cantone, C., Capdevilla, R., Carli, C., Carrelli, C., Casaburo, F., Casarsa, M., Castelli, L., Catanesi, M. G., Cavallucci, L., Cavoto, G., Celiberto, F. G., Celona, L., Cemmi, A., Ceravolo, S., Cerri, A., Cerutti, F., Cesarini, G., Cesarotti, C., Chancé, A., Charitonidis, N., Chiesa, M., Chiggiato, P., Ciccarella, V. L., Puviani, P. Cioli, Colaleo, A., Colao, F., Collamati, F., Costa, M., Craig, N., Curtin, D., D'Angelo, L., Da Molin, G., Damerau, H., Dasu, S., de Blas, J., De Curtis, S., De Gersem, H., Del Moro, T., Delahaye, J. -P., Denisov, D., Denizli, H., Dermisek, R., Valdor, P. Desiré, Desponds, C., Di Luzio, L., Di Meco, E., Di Petrillo, K. F., Di Sarcina, I., Diociaiuti, E., Dorigo, T., Dreimanis, K., Pree, T. du, Edgecock, T., Fabbri, S., Fabbrichesi, M., Farinon, S., Ferrand, G., Somoza, J. A. Ferreira, Fieg, M., Filthaut, F., Fox, P., Franceschini, R., Ximenes, R. Franqueira, Gallinaro, M., Garcia-Sciveres, M., Garcia-Tabares, L., Gargiulo, R., Garion, C., Garzelli, M. V., Gast, M., Gerber, C. E., Giambastiani, L., Gianelle, A., Gianfelice-Wendt, E., Gibson, S., Gilardoni, S., Giove, D. A., Giovinco, V., Giraldin, C., Glioti, A., Gorzawski, A., Greco, M., Grojean, C., Grudiev, A., Gschwendtner, E., Gueli, E., Guilhaudin, N., Han, C., Han, T., Hauptman, J. M., Herndon, M., Hillier, A. D., Hillman, M., Holmes, T. R., Homiller, S., Jana, S., Jindariani, S., Johannesson, S., Johnson, B., Jones, O. R., Jurj, P. -B., Kahn, Y., Kamath, R., Kario, A., Karpov, I., Kelliher, D., Kilian, W., Kitano, R., Kling, F., Kolehmainen, A., Kong, K. C., Kosse, J., Krintiras, G., Krizka, K., Kumar, N., Kvikne, E., Kyle, R., Laface, E., Lane, K., Latina, A., Lechner, A., Lee, J., Lee, L., Lee, S. W., Lefevre, T., Leonardi, E., Lerner, G., Li, P., Li, Q., Li, T., Li, W., Voti, R. Li, Lindroos, M., Lipton, R., Liu, D., Liu, M., Liu, Z., Lombardi, A., Lomte, S., Long, K., Longo, L., Lorenzo, J., Losito, R., Low, I., Lu, X., Lucchesi, D., Luo, T., Lupato, A., Métral, E., Mękała, K., Ma, Y., Mańczak, J. M., Machida, S., Madlener, T., Magaletti, L., Maggi, M., Durand, H. Mainaud, Maltoni, F., Mandurrino, M., Marchand, C., Mariani, F., Marin, S., Mariotto, S., Martin-Haugh, S., Masullo, M. R., Mauro, G. S., Mazzolari, A., Mele, B., Meloni, F., Meng, X., Mentink, M., Miceli, R., Milas, N., Mohammadi, A., Moll, D., Montella, A., Morandin, M., Morrone, M., Mulder, T., Musenich, R., Nardecchia, M., Nardi, F., Neuffer, D., Newbold, D., Novelli, D., Olvegård, M., Onel, Y., Orestano, D., Osborne, J., Otten, S., Torres, Y. M. Oviedo, Paesani, D., Griso, S. Pagan, Pagani, D., Pal, K., Palmer, M., Pampaloni, A., Panci, P., Pani, P., Papaphilippou, Y., Paparella, R., Paradisi, P., Passeri, A., Pastrone, N., Pellecchia, A., Piccinini, F., Piekarz, H., Pieloni, T., Plouin, J., Portone, A., Potamianos, K., Potdevin, J., Prestemon, S., Puig, T., Qiang, J., Quettier, L., Rabemananjara, T. R., Radicioni, E., Radogna, R., Rago, I. C., Ratkus, A., Resseguie, E., Reuter, J., Ribani, P. L., Riccardi, C., Ricciardi, S., Robens, T., Robert, Y., Roger, C., Rojo, J., Romagnoni, M., Ronald, K., Rosser, B., Rossi, C., Rossi, L., Rozanov, L., Ruhdorfer, M., Ruiz, R., Queiroz, F. S., Saini, S., Sala, F., Salierno, C., Salmi, T., Salvini, P., Salvioni, E., Sammut, N., Santini, C., Saputi, A., Sarra, I., Scarantino, G., Schneider-Muntau, H., Schulte, D., Scifo, J., Sen, T., Senatore, C., Senol, A., Sertore, D., Sestini, L., Rêgo, R. C. Silva, Simone, F. M., Skoufaris, K., Sorbello, G., Sorbi, M., Sorti, S., Soubirou, L., Spataro, D., Stamerra, A., Stapnes, S., Stark, G., Statera, M., Stechauner, B. M., Su, S., Su, W., Sun, X., Sytov, A., Tang, J., Taylor, R., Kate, H. Ten, Testoni, P., Thiele, L. S., Garcia, R. Tomas, Mugglestone, M. Topp, Torims, T., Torre, R., Tortora, L. T., Trifinopoulos, S., Udongwo, S. -A., Vai, I., Valente, R. U., van Rienen, U., van Weelderen, R., Vanwelde, M., Velev, G., Venditti, R., Vendrasco, A., Verna, A., Verweij, A., Verwilligen, P., Villamzar, Y., Vittorio, L., Vitulo, P., Vojskovic, I., Wang, D., Wang, L. -T., Wang, X., Wendt, M., Widorski, M., Wozniak, M., Wu, Y., Wulzer, A., Xie, K., Yang, Y., Yap, Y. C., Yonehara, K., Yoo, H. D., You, Z., Zanetti, M., Zaza, A., Zhang, L., Zhu, R., Zlobin, A., Zuliani, D., and Zurita, J. F.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: The International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) [1] was established in 2020 following the recommendations of the European Strategy for Particle Physics (ESPP) and the implementation of the European Strategy for Particle Physics-Accelerator R&D Roadmap by the Laboratory Directors Group [2], hereinafter referred to as the the European LDG roadmap. The Muon Collider Study (MuC) covers the accelerator complex, detectors and physics for a future muon collider. In 2023, European Commission support was obtained for a design study of a muon collider (MuCol) [3]. This project started on 1st March 2023, with work-packages aligned with the overall muon collider studies. In preparation of and during the 2021-22 U.S. Snowmass process, the muon collider project parameters, technical studies and physics performance studies were performed and presented in great detail. Recently, the P5 panel [4] in the U.S. recommended a muon collider R&D, proposed to join the IMCC and envisages that the U.S. should prepare to host a muon collider, calling this their "muon shot". In the past, the U.S. Muon Accelerator Programme (MAP) [5] has been instrumental in studies of concepts and technologies for a muon collider., Comment: This document summarises the International Muon Collider Collaboration (IMCC) progress and status of the Muon Collider R&D programme
Published: 2024

4. Preoperative assessment of lymph nodal metastases with [68Ga]Ga-DOTATOC PET radiomics for improved surgical planning in well-differentiated pancreatic neuroendocrine tumours

Author: Mapelli, Paola, Bezzi, Carolina, Muffatti, Francesca, Ghezzo, Samuele, Canevari, Carla, Magnani, Patrizia, Schiavo Lena, Marco, Battistella, Anna, Scifo, Paola, Andreasi, Valentina, Partelli, Stefano, Chiti, Arturo, Falconi, Massimo, and Picchio, Maria
Published: 2024
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5. Targeting senescent cells with NKG2D-CAR T cells

Author: Deng, Yushuang, Kumar, Avadh, Xie, Kan, Schaaf, Kristina, Scifo, Enzo, Morsy, Sarah, Li, Tao, Ehninger, Armin, Bano, Daniele, and Ehninger, Dan
Published: 2024
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6. The CompactLight Design Study

Author: D’Auria, G., Adli, E., Aicheler, M., Aksoy, A., Alesini, D., Apsimon, R., Arnsberg, J., Auchettl, R., Bainbridge, A., Balazs, K., Bantekas, D., Bedolla, J., Behtouei, M., Bellaveglia, M., vd Berg, M., Bernhard, A., Bignami, A., Breitenbach, M., Breukers, M., Burt, G., Cai, J., Calvi, M., Cardelli, F., Carpanese, M., Cortes, H. M. Castaneda, Castilla, A., Cianchi, A., Clarke, J., Cowie, L., Croia, M., Cross, A., Danailov, M., Dattoli, G., Deleval, S., Mitri, S. Di, Diomede, M., Dowd, R., Dunning, D., Easton, J., Fang, W., Fatehi, S., Faus-Golfe, A., Ferianis, M., Ferrario, M., Ficcadenti, L., Gallo, A., Gazis, E., Gazis, N., Geometrante, R., Gethmann, J., Gioppo, R., Giribono, A., González-Iglesias, D., Goryashko, V., Grohmann, S., Gu, Q., Han, Y., Hinton, A., Hobi, A., Hoekstra, R., Huang, X., Jacewicz, M., Jones, J., Kaertner, F., Karagiannaki, A., Kokole, M., Kotitsa, R., Kotsopoulos, D., Krasch, B., Latina, A., Lepercq, P., Liu, X., Lucas, T. G., Luiten, O. J., Maheshwari, M., Mahnic, J., Mak, A., Marcos, J., Marin, E., Marinov, K., Martínez, B. G., Mercier, B., Migliorati, M., Milharcic, T., Mostacci, A., Mu noz, R., Musat, V., Mutsaers, P. H. A., Nergiz, Z., Nguyen, F., Nix, L., Palumbo, L., Parodi, M., Pavlica, R., Pellegrino, L., Pereira, D. E., Perez, F., Petralia, A., Piersanti, L., Pockar, J., Pramatari, K., Priem, H., Primozic, U., Rassool, R., Reiche, S., Revilak, P., Richter, S. C., Rochow, R., Rossi, C., Salén, P., Schmidt, T., Schoerling, D., Schulte, D., Scifo, J., Sheehy, S., Shepherd, B., Spataro, B., Stapnes, S., Stragier, X. F. D., Syratchev, I., Tabacco, C., Tan, J., Tanke, E., Taylor, G., Telahi, I., Thompson, N., Trachanas, E., Tzanetou, K. S., Vaccarezza, C., Vainola, J., Vannozzi, A., Volpi, M., Wang, C., Williams, P., Wu, X., Wuensch, W., Yap, J., Zangrando, M., Zhang, K., Zhang, L., Zhao, Y., Zhao, Z., and Zhu, D.
Published: 2024
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7. Modelling Cosmic Radiation Events in the Tree-ring Radiocarbon Record

Author: Zhang, Qingyuan, Sharma, Utkarsh, Dennis, Jordan A., Scifo, Andrea, Kuitems, Margot, Buentgen, Ulf, Owens, Mathew J., Dee, Michael W., and Pope, Benjamin J. S.
Subjects: Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics, Physics - Space Physics
Abstract: Annually-resolved measurements of the radiocarbon content in tree-rings have revealed rare sharp rises in carbon-14 production. These 'Miyake events' are likely produced by rare increases in cosmic radiation from the Sun or other energetic astrophysical sources. The radiocarbon produced is not only circulated through the Earth's atmosphere and oceans, but also absorbed by the biosphere and locked in the annual growth rings of trees. To interpret high-resolution tree-ring radiocarbon measurements therefore necessitates modelling the entire global carbon cycle. Here, we introduce 'ticktack', the first open-source Python package that connects box models of the carbon cycle with modern Bayesian inference tools. We use this to analyse all public annual 14C tree data, and infer posterior parameters for all six known Miyake events. They do not show a consistent relationship to the solar cycle, and several display extended durations that challenge either astrophysical or geophysical models., Comment: Accepted Proceedings of the Royal Society A. 19 pages 6 figures body, 12 pages appendices which are supplementary material in the published version
Published: 2022
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8. Diagnostic accuracy of fully hybrid [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 PET/MRI and [68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/MRI in patients with biochemically recurrent prostate cancer: a prospective single-center phase II clinical trial

Author: Ghezzo, Samuele, Mapelli, Paola, Samanes Gajate, Ana Maria, Palmisano, Anna, Cucchiara, Vito, Brembilla, Giorgio, Bezzi, Carolina, Suardi, Nazareno, Scifo, Paola, Briganti, Alberto, De Cobelli, Francesco, Chiti, Arturo, Esposito, Antonio, and Picchio, Maria
Published: 2024
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9. Targeting senescent cells with NKG2D-CAR T cells

Author: Yushuang Deng, Avadh Kumar, Kan Xie, Kristina Schaaf, Enzo Scifo, Sarah Morsy, Tao Li, Armin Ehninger, Daniele Bano, and Dan Ehninger
Subjects: Neoplasms. Tumors. Oncology. Including cancer and carcinogens, RC254-282, Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: Abstract This study investigates the efficacy of NKG2D chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) engineered T cells in targeting and eliminating stress-induced senescent cells in vitro. Cellular senescence contributes to age-related tissue decline and is characterized by permanent cell cycle arrest and the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Immunotherapy, particularly CAR-T cell therapy, emerges as a promising approach to selectively eliminate senescent cells. Our focus is on the NKG2D receptor, which binds to ligands (NKG2DLs) upregulated in senescent cells, offering a target for CAR-T cells. Using mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) and astrocytes (AST) as senescence models, we demonstrate the elevated expression of NKG2DLs in response to genotoxic and oxidative stress. NKG2D-CAR T cells displayed potent cytotoxicity against these senescent cells, with minimal effects on non-senescent cells, suggesting their potential as targeted senolytics. In conclusion, our research presents the first evidence of NKG2D-CAR T cells’ ability to target senescent brain cells, offering a novel approach to manage senescence-associated diseases. The findings pave the way for future investigations into the therapeutic applicability of NKG2D-targeting CAR-T cells in naturally aged organisms and models of aging-associated brain diseases in vivo.
Published: 2024
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10. Actin-nucleation promoting factor N-WASP influences alpha-synuclein condensates and pathology

Author: Joshua Jackson, Christian Hoffmann, Enzo Scifo, Han Wang, Lena Wischhof, Antonia Piazzesi, Mrityunjoy Mondal, Hanna Shields, Xuesi Zhou, Magali Mondin, Eanna B. Ryan, Hermann Döring, Jochen H. M. Prehn, Klemens Rottner, Gregory Giannone, Pierluigi Nicotera, Dan Ehninger, Dragomir Milovanovic, and Daniele Bano
Subjects: Cytology, QH573-671
Abstract: Abstract Abnormal intraneuronal accumulation of soluble and insoluble α-synuclein (α-Syn) is one of the main pathological hallmarks of synucleinopathies, such as Parkinson’s disease (PD). It has been well documented that the reversible liquid-liquid phase separation of α-Syn can modulate synaptic vesicle condensates at the presynaptic terminals. However, α-Syn can also form liquid-like droplets that may convert into amyloid-enriched hydrogels or fibrillar polymorphs under stressful conditions. To advance our understanding on the mechanisms underlying α-Syn phase transition, we employed a series of unbiased proteomic analyses and found that actin and actin regulators are part of the α-Syn interactome. We focused on Neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (N-WASP) because of its association with a rare early-onset familial form of PD. In cultured cells, we demonstrate that N-WASP undergoes phase separation and can be recruited to synapsin 1 liquid-like droplets, whereas it is excluded from α-Syn/synapsin 1 condensates. Consistently, we provide evidence that wsp-1/WASL loss of function alters the number and dynamics of α-Syn inclusions in the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Together, our findings indicate that N-WASP expression may create permissive conditions that promote α-Syn condensates and their potentially deleterious conversion into toxic species.
Published: 2024
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11. Actin-nucleation promoting factor N-WASP influences alpha-synuclein condensates and pathology

Author: Jackson, Joshua, Hoffmann, Christian, Scifo, Enzo, Wang, Han, Wischhof, Lena, Piazzesi, Antonia, Mondal, Mrityunjoy, Shields, Hanna, Zhou, Xuesi, Mondin, Magali, Ryan, Eanna B., Döring, Hermann, Prehn, Jochen H. M., Rottner, Klemens, Giannone, Gregory, Nicotera, Pierluigi, Ehninger, Dan, Milovanovic, Dragomir, and Bano, Daniele
Published: 2024
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12. Internal Carotid Artery Dissection Presenting with Transient or Subclinical Horner Syndrome

Author: Tom Buelens, Lisa Scifo, Jérémy Schetgen, Moncef Ould Hamou, Stelianos Kampouridis, and François Willermain
Subjects: horner syndrome, internal carotid artery dissection, transient anisocoria, transient eyelid ptosis, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Introduction: The most frequently encountered symptoms in internal carotid artery dissection (ICAD) are head or neck pain and cerebral ischemia. Ocular symptoms or signs have been reported as the presenting feature in up to 50% of patients, with (painful) Horner syndrome being the most frequently associated. Horner syndrome is part of the classic triad that depicts the characteristic presentation of ICAD and that consists of pain in the ipsilateral neck, head and orbital regions, (partial) Horner syndrome, and cerebral or retinal ischemia. All patients presenting with painful Horner syndrome should therefore require prompt investigations to rule out carotid artery dissection. In patients with confirmed diagnosis, treatment should be started early to prevent permanent ocular or cerebral complications. Case Presentation: Case 1: A 61-year-old woman presented with right temporal headache, an episode of transient visual loss and drooping of the right upper eyelid. Examination revealed anisocoria, which was more important in darkness. Reversal of anisocoria was observed after instilling drops of apraclonidine 0.5%. Neuroimaging demonstrated intrapetrous ICAD. Headaches, eyelid ptosis, and anisocoria all had resolved the next day. Apraclonidine pharmacologic testing a few weeks later was no longer dilating the previously smaller pupil. Case 2: A 48-year-old man presented with drooping of the right upper eyelid and right occipital headache and facial pain that all started one day after an intense yoga workout. Anisocoria was noticed upon examination, with topical cocaine 10% pharmacologic testing confirming a right Horner syndrome. Neuroimaging revealed ICAD. The patient reported resolution of his eyelid ptosis a few days later. Eyelid ptosis and anisocoria had indeed resolved at a follow-up examination a few weeks later. However, cocaine drop testing still produced anisocoria, compatible with subclinical Horner syndrome. Conclusion: Transient or subclinical Horner syndrome can be the presenting feature in ICAD; in such cases, the characteristic eyelid ptosis and anisocoria may be short-lived and resolve in only a few days. If suspected by clinical history, pharmacologic testing may be helpful in identifying subclinical cases.
Published: 2024
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13. First emittance measurement of the beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerated electron beam

Author: Shpakov, V., Anania, M. P., Behtouei, M., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Cesarini, M., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Croia, M., Del Dotto, A., Diomede, M., Dipace, F., Ferrario, M., Galletti, M., Giribono, A., Liedl, A., Lollo, V., Magnisi, L., Mostacci, A., Di Pirro, G., Piersanti, L., Pompili, R., Romeo, S., Rossi, A. R., Scifo, J., Vaccarezza, C., Villa, F., and Zigler, A.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Next-generation plasma-based accelerators can push electron beams to GeV energies within centimetre distances. The plasma, excited by a driver pulse, is indeed able to sustain huge electric fields that can efficiently accelerate a trailing witness bunch, which was experimentally demonstrated on multiple occasions. Thus, the main focus of the current research is being shifted towards achieving a high quality of the beam after the plasma acceleration. In this letter we present beam-driven plasma wakefield acceleration experiment, where initially preformed high-quality witness beam was accelerated inside the plasma and characterized. In this experiment the witness beam quality after the acceleration was maintained on high level, with $0.2\%$ final energy spread and $3.8~\mu m$ resulting normalized transverse emittance after the acceleration. In this article, for the first time to our knowledge, the emittance of the PWFA beam was directly measured.
Published: 2021
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14. Challenging Social Media Threats using Collective Well-being Aware Recommendation Algorithms and an Educational Virtual Companion

Author: Ognibene, Dimitri, Taibi, Davide, Kruschwitz, Udo, Wilkens, Rodrigo Souza, Hernandez-Leo, Davinia, Theophilou, Emily, Scifo, Lidia, Lobo, Rene Alejandro, Lomonaco, Francesco, Eimler, Sabrina, Hoppe, H. Ulrich, and Malzahn, Nils
Subjects: Computer Science - Computers and Society, Computer Science - Social and Information Networks
Abstract: Social media have become an integral part of our lives, expanding our interlinking capabilities to new levels. There is plenty to be said about their positive effects. On the other hand, however, some serious negative implications of social media have been repeatedly highlighted in recent years, pointing at various threats to society and its more vulnerable members, such as teenagers. We thus propose a theoretical framework based on an adaptive "Social Media Virtual Companion" for educating and supporting an entire community, teenage students, to interact in social media environments in order to achieve desirable conditions, defined in terms of a community-specific and participatory designed measure of Collective Well-Being (CWB). This Companion combines automatic processing with expert intervention and guidance. The virtual Companion will be powered by a Recommender System (CWB-RS) that will optimize a CWB metric instead of engagement or platform profit, which currently largely drives recommender systems thereby disregarding any societal collateral effect.We put an emphasis on experts and educators in the educationally managed social media community of the Companion. They play five key roles: (a) use the Companion in classroom-based educational activities; (b) guide the definition of the CWB; (c) provide a hierarchical structure of learning strategies, objectives and activities that will support and contain the adaptive sequencing algorithms of the CWB-RS based on hierarchical reinforcement learning; (d) act as moderators of direct conflicts between the members of the community; and, finally, (e) monitor and address ethical and educational issues that are beyond the intelligent agent's competence and control. Preliminary results on the performance of the Companion's components and studies of the educational and psychological underlying principles are presented.
Published: 2021

15. Sources and sinks of carbonyl sulfide inferred from tower and mobile atmospheric observations in the Netherlands

Author: A. Zanchetta, L. M. J. Kooijmans, S. van Heuven, A. Scifo, H. A. Scheeren, I. Mammarella, U. Karstens, J. Ma, M. Krol, and H. Chen
Subjects: Ecology, QH540-549.5, Life, QH501-531, Geology, QE1-996.5
Abstract: Carbonyl sulfide (COS) is a promising tracer for the estimation of terrestrial ecosystem gross primary production (GPP). However, understanding its non-GPP-related sources and sinks, e.g., anthropogenic sources and soil sources and sinks, is also critical to the success of the approach. Here we infer the regional sources and sinks of COS using continuous in situ mole fraction profile measurements of COS along the 60 m tall Lutjewad tower (1 m a.s.l.; 53∘24′ N, 6∘21′ E) in the Netherlands. To identify potential sources that caused the observed enhancements of COS mole fractions at Lutjewad, both discrete flask samples and in situ measurements in the province of Groningen were made from a mobile van using a quantum cascade laser spectrometer (QCLS). We also simulated the COS mole fractions at Lutjewad using the Stochastic Time-Inverted Lagrangian Transport (STILT) model combined with emission inventories and plant uptake fluxes. We determined the nighttime COS fluxes to be -3.0±2.6 pmol m−2 s−1 using the radon-tracer correlation approach and Lutjewad observations. Furthermore, we identified and quantified several COS sources, including biodigesters, sugar production facilities and silicon carbide production facilities in the province of Groningen. Moreover, the simulation results show that the observed COS enhancements can be partially explained by known industrial sources of COS and CS2, in particular from the Ruhr Valley (51.5∘ N, 7.2∘ E) and Antwerp (51.2∘ N, 4.4∘ E) areas. The contribution of likely missing anthropogenic sources of COS and CS2 in the inventory may be significant. The impact of the identified sources in the province of Groningen is estimated to be negligible in terms of the observed COS enhancements. However, in specific conditions, these sources may influence the measurements in Lutjewad. These results are valuable for improving our understanding of the sources and sinks of COS, contributing to the use of COS as a tracer for GPP.
Published: 2023
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16. Energy spread minimization in a beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator

Author: Pompili, R., Anania, M. P., Behtouei, M., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Bisesto, F. G., Cesarini, M., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Croia, M., Del Dotto, A., Di Giovenale, D., Diomede, M., Dipace, F., Ferrario, M., Giribono, A., Lollo, V., Magnisi, L., Marongiu, M., Mostacci, A., Di Pirro, G., Romeo, S., Rossi, A. R., Scifo, J., Shpakov, V., Vaccarezza, C., Villa, F., and Zigler, A.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Next-generation plasma-based accelerators can push electron bunches to gigaelectronvolt energies within centimetre distances. The plasma, excited by a driver pulse, generates large electric fields that can efficiently accelerate a trailing witness bunch making possible the realization of laboratory-scale applications ranging from high-energy colliders to ultra-bright light sources. So far several experiments have demonstrated a significant acceleration but the resulting beam quality, especially the energy spread, is still far from state of the art conventional accelerators. Here we show the results of a beam-driven plasma acceleration experiment where we used an electron bunch as a driver followed by an ultra-short witness. The experiment demonstrates, for the first time, an innovative method to achieve an ultra-low energy spread of the accelerated witness of about 0.1%. This is an order of magnitude smaller than what has been obtained so far. The result can lead to a major breakthrough toward the optimization of the plasma acceleration process and its implementation in forthcoming compact machines for user-oriented applications.
Published: 2020
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17. Gamma Irradiation Effect on Polymeric Chains of Epoxy Adhesive

Author: Carino Ferrante, Leonardo Lucchesi, Alessia Cemmi, Ilaria Di Sarcina, Jessica Scifo, Adriano Verna, Andrea Taschin, Luca Senni, Marco Beghini, Bernardo Disma Monelli, and Fabrizio Raffaelli
Subjects: epoxy adhesive, γray, polymeric chains, Organic chemistry, QD241-441
Abstract: The study of materials for space exploration is one of the most interesting targets of international space agencies. An essential tool for realizing light junctions is epoxy adhesive (EA), which provides an elastic and robust material with a complex mesh of polymeric chains and crosslinks. In this work, a study of the structural and chemical modification of a commercial two-part flexible EA (3M™ Scotch-Weld™ EC-2216 B/A Gray), induced by 60Co gamma radiation, is presented. Combining different spectroscopic techniques, such as the spectroscopic Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), the THz time-domain spectroscopy (TDS), and the electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), a characterization of the EA response in different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum is performed, providing valuable information about the structural and chemical properties of the polymers before and after irradiation. A simultaneous dissociation of polymeric chain and crosslinking formation is observed.The polymer is not subject to structural modification at an absorbed dose of 10 kGy, in which only transient free radicals are observed. Differently, between 100 and 500 kGy, a gradual chemical degradation of the samples is observed together with a broad and long-living EPR signal appearance. This study also provides a microscopic characterization of the material useful for the mechanism evaluation of system degradation.
Published: 2024
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18. Longitudinal phase-space manipulation with beam-driven plasma wakefields

Author: Shpakov, V., Anania, M. P., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Bisesto, F., Cardelli, F., Cesarini, M., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Croia, M., DelDotto, A., DiGiovenale, D., Diomede, M., Ferrario, M., Filippi, F., Giribono, A., Lollo, V., Marongiu, M., Martinelli, V., Mostacci, A., Piersanti, L., DiPirro, G., Pompili, R., Romeo, S., Scifo, J., Vaccarezza, C., Villa, F., and Zigler, A.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: The development of compact accelerator facilities providing high-brightness beams is one of the most challenging tasks in field of next-generation compact and cost affordable particle accelerators, to be used in many fields for industrial, medical and research applications. The ability to shape the beam longitudinal phase-space, in particular, plays a key role to achieve high-peak brightness. Here we present a new approach that allows to tune the longitudinal phase-space of a high-brightness beam by means of a plasma wakefields. The electron beam passing through the plasma drives large wakefields that are used to manipulate the time-energy correlation of particles along the beam itself. We experimentally demonstrate that such solution is highly tunable by simply adjusting the density of the plasma and can be used to imprint or remove any correlation onto the beam. This is a fundamental requirement when dealing with largely time-energy correlated beams coming from future plasma accelerators.
Published: 2019
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19. fMRI-Targeted High-Angular Resolution Diffusion MR Tractography to Identify Functional Language Tracts in Healthy Controls and Glioma Patients

Author: Sanvito, Francesco, Caverzasi, Eduardo, Riva, Marco, Jordan, Kesshi M, Blasi, Valeria, Scifo, Paola, Iadanza, Antonella, Crespi, Sofia Allegra, Cirillo, Sara, Casarotti, Alessandra, Leonetti, Antonella, Puglisi, Guglielmo, Grimaldi, Marco, Bello, Lorenzo, Gorno-Tempini, Maria Luisa, Henry, Roland G, Falini, Andrea, and Castellano, Antonella
Subjects: Biological Psychology, Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Psychology, Rare Diseases, Cancer, Biomedical Imaging, Clinical Research, Neurosciences, Brain Cancer, Brain Disorders, Neurological, tractography, high angular resolution diffusion imaging, brain tumor, fMRI, task-fMRI, language network, presurgical brain mapping, Cognitive Sciences, Biological psychology
Abstract: BackgroundMR Tractography enables non-invasive preoperative depiction of language subcortical tracts, which is crucial for the presurgical work-up of brain tumors; however, it cannot evaluate the exact function of the fibers.PurposeA systematic pipeline was developed to combine tractography reconstruction of language fiber bundles, based on anatomical landmarks (Anatomical-T), with language fMRI cortical activations. A fMRI-targeted Tractography (fMRI-T) was thus obtained, depicting the subsets of the anatomical tracts whose endpoints are located inside a fMRI activation. We hypothesized that fMRI-T could provide additional functional information regarding the subcortical structures, better reflecting the eloquent white matter structures identified intraoperatively.MethodsBoth Anatomical-T and fMRI-T of language fiber tracts were performed on 16 controls and preoperatively on 16 patients with left-hemisphere brain tumors, using a q-ball residual bootstrap algorithm based on High Angular Resolution Diffusion Imaging (HARDI) datasets (b = 3000 s/mm2; 60 directions); fMRI ROIs were obtained using picture naming, verbal fluency, and auditory verb generation tasks. In healthy controls, normalized MNI atlases of fMRI-T and Anatomical-T were obtained. In patients, the surgical resection of the tumor was pursued by identifying eloquent structures with intraoperative direct electrical stimulation mapping and extending surgery to the functional boundaries. Post-surgical MRI allowed to identify Anatomical-T and fMRI-T non-eloquent portions removed during the procedure.ResultsMNI Atlases showed that fMRI-T is a subset of Anatomical-T, and that different task-specific fMRI-T involve both shared subsets and task-specific subsets - e.g., verbal fluency fMRI-T strongly involves dorsal frontal tracts, consistently with the phonogical-articulatory features of this task. A quantitative analysis in patients revealed that Anatomical-T removed portions of AF-SLF and IFOF were significantly greater than verbal fluency fMRI-T ones, suggesting that fMRI-T is a more specific approach. In addition, qualitative analyses showed that fMRI-T AF-SLF and IFOF predict the exact functional limits of resection with increased specificity when compared to Anatomical-T counterparts, especially the superior frontal portion of IFOF, in a subcohort of patients.ConclusionThese results suggest that performing fMRI-T in addition to the 'classic' Anatomical-T may be useful in a preoperative setting to identify the 'high-risk subsets' that should be spared during the surgical procedure.
Published: 2020

20. RS-FetMRI: a MATLAB-SPM Based Tool for Pre-processing Fetal Resting-State fMRI Data

Author: Pecco, Nicolò, Canini, Matteo, Mosser, Kelsey H. H., Caglioni, Martina, Scifo, Paola, Castellano, Antonella, Cavoretto, Paolo, Candiani, Massimo, Baldoli, Cristina, Falini, Andrea, and Rosa, Pasquale Anthony Della
Published: 2022
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21. Deep phenotyping and lifetime trajectories reveal limited effects of longevity regulators on the aging process in C57BL/6J mice

Author: Kan Xie, Helmut Fuchs, Enzo Scifo, Dan Liu, Ahmad Aziz, Juan Antonio Aguilar-Pimentel, Oana Veronica Amarie, Lore Becker, Patricia da Silva-Buttkus, Julia Calzada-Wack, Yi-Li Cho, Yushuang Deng, A. Cole Edwards, Lillian Garrett, Christina Georgopoulou, Raffaele Gerlini, Sabine M. Hölter, Tanja Klein-Rodewald, Michael Kramer, Stefanie Leuchtenberger, Dimitra Lountzi, Phillip Mayer-Kuckuk, Lena L. Nover, Manuela A. Oestereicher, Clemens Overkott, Brandon L. Pearson, Birgit Rathkolb, Jan Rozman, Jenny Russ, Kristina Schaaf, Nadine Spielmann, Adrián Sanz-Moreno, Claudia Stoeger, Irina Treise, Daniele Bano, Dirk H. Busch, Jochen Graw, Martin Klingenspor, Thomas Klopstock, Beverly A. Mock, Paolo Salomoni, Carsten Schmidt-Weber, Marco Weiergräber, Eckhard Wolf, Wolfgang Wurst, Valérie Gailus-Durner, Monique M. B. Breteler, Martin Hrabě de Angelis, and Dan Ehninger
Subjects: Science
Abstract: Lifespan can be affected by both physiological ageing and specific sets of pathologies associated with old age. Here the authors report a resource of large-scale cross-sectional phenotyping of aging male mice at different time points to analyse a large set of phenotypes and molecular markers, including during genetic and diet interventions affecting lifespan.
Published: 2022
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22. 68Ga-DOTATOC PET/MR imaging and radiomic parameters in predicting histopathological prognostic factors in patients with pancreatic neuroendocrine well-differentiated tumours

Author: Mapelli, P., Bezzi, C., Palumbo, D., Canevari, C., Ghezzo, S., Samanes Gajate, A. M., Catalfamo, B., Messina, A., Presotto, L., Guarnaccia, A., Bettinardi, V., Muffatti, F., Andreasi, V., Schiavo Lena, M., Gianolli, L., Partelli, S., Falconi, M., Scifo, P., De Cobelli, F., and Picchio, M.
Published: 2022
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23. Evaluation of a 2D UNet-Based Attenuation Correction Methodology for PET/MR Brain Studies

Author: Presotto, Luca, Bettinardi, Valentino, Bagnalasta, Matteo, Scifo, Paola, Savi, Annarita, Vanoli, Emilia Giovanna, Fallanca, Federico, Picchio, Maria, Perani, Daniela, Gianolli, Luigi, and De Bernardi, Elisabetta
Published: 2022
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24. Overview of Plasma Lens Experiments and Recent Results at SPARC_LAB

Author: Chiadroni, E., Anania, M. P., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Bisesto, F., Brentegani, E., Cardelli, F., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Di Giovenale, D., Di Pirro, G., Ferrario, M., Filippi, F., Gallo, A., Giribono, A., Marocchino, A., Mostacci, A., Piersanti, L., Pompili, R., Rosenzweig, J. B., Rossi, A. R., Scifo, J., Shpakov, V., Vaccarezza, C., Villa, F., and Zigler, A.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Beam injection and extraction from a plasma module is still one of the crucial aspects to solve in order to produce high quality electron beams with a plasma accelerator. Proper matching conditions require to focus the incoming high brightness beam down to few microns size and to capture a high divergent beam at the exit without loss of beam quality. Plasma-based lenses have proven to provide focusing gradients of the order of kT/m with radially symmetric focusing thus promising compact and affordable alternative to permanent magnets in the design of transport lines. In this paper an overview of recent experiments and future perspectives of plasma lenses is reported.
Published: 2018
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25. EuPRAXIA@SPARC_LAB Design study towards a compact FEL facility at LNF

Author: Ferrario, M., Alesini, D., Anania, M. P., Artioli, M., Bacci, A., Bartocci, S., Bedogni, R., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Bisesto, F., Brandi, F., Brentegani, E., Broggi, F., Buonomo, B., Campana, P. L., Campogiani, G., Cannaos, C., Cantarella, S., Cardelli, F., Carpanese, M., Castellano, M., Castorina, G., Lasheras, N. Catalan, Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Cimino, R., Ciocci, F., Cirrincione, D., Cirrone, G. A. P., Clementi, R., Coreno, M., Corsini, R., Croia, M., Curcio, A., Costa, G., Curatolo, C., Cuttone, G., Dabagov, S., Dattoli, G., D'Auria, G., Debrot, I., Diomede, M., Drago, A., Di Giovenale, D., Di Mitri, S., Di Pirro, G., Esposito, A., Faiferri, M., Ficcadenti, L., Filippi, F., Frasciello, O., Gallo, A., Ghigo, A., Giannessi, L., Giribono, A., Gizzi, L., Grudiev, A., Guiducci, S., Koester, P., Incremona, S., Iungo, F., Labate, L., Latina, A., Licciardi, S., Lollo, V., Lupi, S., Manca, R., Marcelli, A., Marini, M., Marocchino, A., Marongiu, M., Martinelli, V., Masciovecchio, C., Mastino, C., Michelotti, A., Milardi, C., Minicozzi, V., Mira, F., Morante, S., Mostacci, A., Nguyen, F., Pagnutti, S., Pellegrino, L., Petralia, A., Petrillo, V., Piersanti, L., Pioli, S., Polese, D., Pompili, R., Pusceddu, F., Ricci, A., Ricci, R., Rochow, R., Romeo, S., Rosenzweig, J. B., Conti, M. Rossetti, Rossi, A. R., Rotundo, U., Sabbatini, L., Sabia, E., Plannell, O. Sans, Schulte, D., Scifo, J., Scuderi, V., Serafini, L., Spataro, B., Stecchi, A., Stella, A., Shpakov, V., Stellato, F., Turco, E., Vaccarezza, C., Vacchi, A., Vannozzi, A., Variola, A., Vescovi, S., Villa, F., Wuensch, W., Zigler, A., and Zobov, M.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: On the wake of the results obtained so far at the SPARC\_LAB test-facility at the Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati (Italy), we are currently investigating the possibility to design and build a new multi-disciplinary user-facility, equipped with a soft X-ray Free Electron Laser (FEL) driven by a $\sim$1 GeV high brightness linac based on plasma accelerator modules. This design study is performed in synergy with the EuPRAXIA design study. In this paper we report about the recent progresses in the on going design study of the new facility.
Published: 2018
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26. Recent results at SPARC_LAB

Author: Pompili, R., Anania, M. P., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Bini, S., Bisesto, F., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Di Giovenale, D., Ferrario, M., Filippi, F., Gallo, A., Giribono, A., Lollo, V., Marocchino, A., Martinelli, V., Mostacci, A., Di Pirro, G., Romeo, S., Scifo, J., Shpakov, V., Vaccarezza, C., Villa, F., and Zigler, A.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: The current activity of the SPARC_LAB test-facility is focused on the realization of plasma-based acceleration experiments with the aim to provide accelerating field of the order of several GV/m while maintaining the overall quality (in terms of energy spread and emittance) of the accelerated electron bunch. In the following, the current status of such an activity is presented. We also show results related to the usability of plasmas as focusing lenses in view of a complete plasma-based focusing and accelerating system.
Published: 2018
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27. Wake fields effects in dielectric capillary

Author: Biagioni, A., Anania, M. P., Bellaveglia, M., Brentegani, E., Castorina, G., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Di Giovenale, D., Di Pirro, G., Fares, H., Ficcadenti, L., Filippi, F., Ferrario, M., Mostacci, A., Pompili, R., Scifo, J., Spataro, B., Vaccarezza, C., Villa, F., and Zigler, A.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Plasma wake-field acceleration experiments are performed at the SPARC LAB test facility by using a gas-filled capillary plasma source composed of a dielectric capillary. The electron can reach GeV energy in a few centimeters, with an accelerating gradient orders of magnitude larger than provided by conventional techniques. In this acceleration scheme, wake fields produced by passing electron beams through dielectric structures can determine a strong beam instability that represents an important hurdle towards the capability to focus high-current electron beams in the transverse plane. For these reasons, the estimation of the transverse wakefield amplitudes assumes a fundamental role in the implementation of the plasma wake-field acceleration. In this work, it presented a study to investigate which parameters affect the wake-field formation inside a cylindrical dielectric structure, both the capillary dimensions and the beam parameters, and it is introduced a quantitative evaluation of the longitudinal and transverse electric fields.
Published: 2018
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28. Nano-machining, surface analysis and emittance measurements of a copper photocathode at SPARC_LAB

Author: Scifo, J., Alesini, D., Anania, M. P., Bellaveglia, M., Bellucci, S., Biagioni, A., Bisesto, F., Cardelli, F., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Di Giovenale, D., Di Pirro, G., Di Raddo, R., Dowell, D. H., Ferrario, M., Giribono, A., Lorusso, A., Micciulla, F., Mostacci, A., Passeri, D., Perrone, A., Piersanti, L., Pompili, R., Shpakov, V., Stella, A., Trovò, M., and Villa, F.
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: R\&D activity on Cu photocathodes is under development at the SPARC\_LAB test facility to fully characterize each stage of the photocathode "life" and to have a complete overview of the photoemission properties in high brightness photo-injectors. The nano(n)-machining process presented here consists in diamond milling, and blowing with dry nitrogen. This procedure reduces the roughness of the cathode surface and prevents surface contamination introduced by other techniques, such as polishing with diamond paste or the machining with oil. Both high roughness and surface contamination cause an increase of intrinsic emittance and consequently a reduction of the overall electron beam brightness. To quantify these effects, we have characterized the photocathode surface in terms of roughness measurement, and morphology and chemical composition analysis by means of Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), and Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) techniques. The effects of n-machining on the electron beam quality have been also investigated through emittance measurements before and after the surface processing technique. Finally, we present preliminary emittance studies of yttrium thin film on Cu photocathodes.
Published: 2018
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29. Free-electron lasing with compact beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator

Author: Pompili, R., Alesini, D., Anania, M. P., Arjmand, S., Behtouei, M., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Buonomo, B., Cardelli, F., Carpanese, M., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Del Dotto, A., Del Giorno, M., Dipace, F., Doria, A., Filippi, F., Galletti, M., Giannessi, L., Giribono, A., Iovine, P., Lollo, V., Mostacci, A., Nguyen, F., Opromolla, M., Di Palma, E., Pellegrino, L., Petralia, A., Petrillo, V., Piersanti, L., Di Pirro, G., Romeo, S., Rossi, A. R., Scifo, J., Selce, A., Shpakov, V., Stella, A., Vaccarezza, C., Villa, F., Zigler, A., and Ferrario, M.
Published: 2022
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30. Preliminary evaluation of a short version questionnaire for Executive Functioning Self-Report (EF-SR)

Author: Costa, Sebastiano, Bianco, Antonino, Scifo, Lidia, and Alesi, Marianna
Published: 2022
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31. Deep phenotyping and lifetime trajectories reveal limited effects of longevity regulators on the aging process in C57BL/6J mice

Author: Xie, Kan, Fuchs, Helmut, Scifo, Enzo, Liu, Dan, Aziz, Ahmad, Aguilar-Pimentel, Juan Antonio, Amarie, Oana Veronica, Becker, Lore, da Silva-Buttkus, Patricia, Calzada-Wack, Julia, Cho, Yi-Li, Deng, Yushuang, Edwards, A. Cole, Garrett, Lillian, Georgopoulou, Christina, Gerlini, Raffaele, Hölter, Sabine M., Klein-Rodewald, Tanja, Kramer, Michael, Leuchtenberger, Stefanie, Lountzi, Dimitra, Mayer-Kuckuk, Phillip, Nover, Lena L., Oestereicher, Manuela A., Overkott, Clemens, Pearson, Brandon L., Rathkolb, Birgit, Rozman, Jan, Russ, Jenny, Schaaf, Kristina, Spielmann, Nadine, Sanz-Moreno, Adrián, Stoeger, Claudia, Treise, Irina, Bano, Daniele, Busch, Dirk H., Graw, Jochen, Klingenspor, Martin, Klopstock, Thomas, Mock, Beverly A., Salomoni, Paolo, Schmidt-Weber, Carsten, Weiergräber, Marco, Wolf, Eckhard, Wurst, Wolfgang, Gailus-Durner, Valérie, Breteler, Monique M. B., Hrabě de Angelis, Martin, and Ehninger, Dan
Published: 2022
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32. Nanodiamond Effects on Cancer Cell Radiosensitivity: The Interplay between Their Chemical/Physical Characteristics and the Irradiation Energy

Author: Veronica Varzi, Emiliano Fratini, Mauro Falconieri, Daniela Giovannini, Alessia Cemmi, Jessica Scifo, Ilaria Di Sarcina, Pietro Aprà, Sofia Sturari, Lorenzo Mino, Giulia Tomagra, Erminia Infusino, Valeria Landoni, Carmela Marino, Mariateresa Mancuso, Federico Picollo, and Simonetta Pazzaglia
Subjects: nanodiamonds, radiation sensitizer, medulloblastoma, radiation therapy, DNA damage, apoptosis, Biology (General), QH301-705.5, Chemistry, QD1-999
Abstract: Nanoparticles are being increasingly studied to enhance radiation effects. Among them, nanodiamonds (NDs) are taken into great consideration due to their low toxicity, inertness, chemical stability, and the possibility of surface functionalization. The objective of this study is to explore the influence of the chemical/physical properties of NDs on cellular radiosensitivity to combined treatments with radiation beams of different energies. DAOY, a human radioresistant medulloblastoma cell line was treated with NDs—differing for surface modifications [hydrogenated (H-NDs) and oxidized (OX-NDs)], size, and concentration—and analysed for (i) ND internalization and intracellular localization, (ii) clonogenic survival after combined treatment with different radiation beam energies and (iii) DNA damage and apoptosis, to explore the nature of ND–radiation biological interactions. Results show that chemical/physical characteristics of NDs are crucial in determining cell toxicity, with hydrogenated NDs (H-NDs) decreasing either cellular viability when administered alone, or cell survival when combined with radiation, depending on ND size and concentration, while OX-NDs do not. Also, irradiation at high energy (γ-rays at 1.25 MeV), in combination with H-NDs, is more efficient in eliciting radiosensitisation when compared to irradiation at lower energy (X-rays at 250 kVp). Finally, the molecular mechanisms of ND radiosensitisation was addressed, demonstrating that cell killing is mediated by the induction of Caspase-3-dependent apoptosis that is independent to DNA damage. Identifying the optimal combination of ND characteristics and radiation energy has the potential to offer a promising therapeutic strategy for tackling radioresistant cancers using H-NDs in conjunction with high-energy radiation.
Published: 2023
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33. Evidence for European presence in the Americas in ad 1021

Author: Kuitems, Margot, Wallace, Birgitta L., Lindsay, Charles, Scifo, Andrea, Doeve, Petra, Jenkins, Kevin, Lindauer, Susanne, Erdil, Pınar, Ledger, Paul M., Forbes, Véronique, Vermeeren, Caroline, Friedrich, Ronny, and Dee, Michael W.
Published: 2022
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34. Erratum to: Search for single top-quark production via flavour-changing neutral currents at 8 TeV with the ATLAS detector

Author: G. Aad, B. Abbott, J. Abdallah, O. Abdinov, R. Aben, M. Abolins, O. S. AbouZeid, H. Abramowicz, H. Abreu, R. Abreu, Y. Abulaiti, B. S. Acharya, L. Adamczyk, D. L. Adams, J. Adelman, S. Adomeit, T. Adye, A. A. Affolder, T. Agatonovic-Jovin, J. Agricola, J. A. Aguilar-Saavedra, S. P. Ahlen, F. Ahmadov, G. Aielli, H. Akerstedt, T. P. A. Åkesson, A. V. Akimov, G. L. Alberghi, J. Albert, S. Albrand, M. J. Alconada Verzini, M. Aleksa, I. N. Aleksandrov, C. Alexa, G. Alexander, T. Alexopoulos, M. Alhroob, G. Alimonti, L. Alio, J. Alison, S. P. Alkire, B. M. M. Allbrooke, P. P. Allport, A. Aloisio, A. Alonso, F. Alonso, C. Alpigiani, A. Altheimer, B. Alvarez Gonzalez, D. Álvarez Piqueras, M. G. Alviggi, B. T. Amadio, K. Amako, Y. Amaral Coutinho, C. Amelung, D. Amidei, S. P. Amor Dos Santos, A. Amorim, S. Amoroso, N. Amram, G. Amundsen, C. Anastopoulos, L. S. Ancu, N. Andari, T. Andeen, C. F. Anders, G. Anders, J. K. Anders, K. J. Anderson, A. Andreazza, V. Andrei, S. Angelidakis, I. Angelozzi, P. Anger, A. Angerami, F. Anghinolfi, A. V. Anisenkov, N. Anjos, A. Annovi, M. Antonelli, A. Antonov, J. Antos, F. Anulli, M. Aoki, L. Aperio Bella, G. Arabidze, Y. Arai, J. P. Araque, A. T. H. Arce, F. A. Arduh, J-F. Arguin, S. Argyropoulos, M. Arik, A. J. Armbruster, O. Arnaez, V. Arnal, H. Arnold, M. Arratia, O. Arslan, A. Artamonov, G. Artoni, S. Asai, N. Asbah, A. Ashkenazi, B. Åsman, L. Asquith, K. Assamagan, R. Astalos, M. Atkinson, N. B. Atlay, K. Augsten, M. Aurousseau, G. Avolio, B. Axen, M. K. Ayoub, G. Azuelos, M. A. Baak, A. E. Baas, M. J. Baca, C. Bacci, H. Bachacou, K. Bachas, M. Backes, M. Backhaus, P. Bagiacchi, P. Bagnaia, Y. Bai, T. Bain, J. T. Baines, O. K. Baker, E. M. Baldin, P. Balek, T. Balestri, F. Balli, E. Banas, Sw. Banerjee, A. A. E. Bannoura, H. S. Bansil, L. Barak, E. L. Barberio, D. Barberis, M. Barbero, T. Barillari, M. Barisonzi, T. Barklow, N. Barlow, S. L. Barnes, B. M. Barnett, R. M. Barnett, Z. Barnovska, A. Baroncelli, G. Barone, A. J. Barr, F. Barreiro, J. Barreiro Guimarães da Costa, R. Bartoldus, A. E. Barton, P. Bartos, A. Basalaev, A. Bassalat, A. Basye, R. L. Bates, S. J. Batista, J. R. Batley, M. Battaglia, M. Bauce, F. Bauer, H. S. Bawa, J. B. Beacham, M. D. Beattie, T. Beau, P. H. Beauchemin, R. Beccherle, P. Bechtle, H. P. Beck, K. Becker, M. Becker, M. Beckingham, C. Becot, A. J. Beddall, A. Beddall, V. A. Bednyakov, C. P. Bee, L. J. Beemster, T. A. Beermann, M. Begel, J. K. Behr, C. Belanger-Champagne, W. H. Bell, G. Bella, L. Bellagamba, A. Bellerive, M. Bellomo, K. Belotskiy, O. Beltramello, O. Benary, D. Benchekroun, M. Bender, K. Bendtz, N. Benekos, Y. Benhammou, E. Benhar Noccioli, J. A. Benitez Garcia, D. P. Benjamin, J. R. Bensinger, S. Bentvelsen, L. Beresford, M. Beretta, D. Berge, E. Bergeaas Kuutmann, N. Berger, F. Berghaus, J. Beringer, C. Bernard, N. R. Bernard, C. Bernius, F. U. Bernlochner, T. Berry, P. Berta, C. Bertella, G. Bertoli, F. Bertolucci, C. Bertsche, D. Bertsche, M. I. 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Braun, S. F. Brazzale, W. D. Breaden Madden, K. Brendlinger, A. J. Brennan, L. Brenner, R. Brenner, S. Bressler, K. Bristow, T. M. Bristow, D. Britton, D. Britzger, F. M. Brochu, I. Brock, R. Brock, J. Bronner, G. Brooijmans, T. Brooks, W. K. Brooks, J. Brosamer, E. Brost, J. Brown, P. A. Bruckman de Renstrom, D. Bruncko, R. Bruneliere, A. Bruni, G. Bruni, M. Bruschi, N. Bruscino, L. Bryngemark, T. Buanes, Q. Buat, P. Buchholz, A. G. Buckley, S. I. Buda, I. A. Budagov, F. Buehrer, L. Bugge, M. K. Bugge, O. Bulekov, D. Bullock, H. Burckhart, S. Burdin, C. D. Burgard, B. Burghgrave, S. Burke, I. Burmeister, E. Busato, D. Büscher, V. Büscher, P. Bussey, J. M. Butler, A. I. Butt, C. M. Buttar, J. M. Butterworth, P. Butti, W. Buttinger, A. Buzatu, A. R. Buzykaev, S. Cabrera Urbán, D. Caforio, V. M. Cairo, O. Cakir, N. Calace, P. Calafiura, A. Calandri, G. Calderini, P. Calfayan, L. P. Caloba, D. Calvet, S. Calvet, R. Camacho Toro, S. Camarda, P. Camarri, D. Cameron, R. Caminal Armadans, S. 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Salnikov, J. Salt, D. Salvatore, F. Salvatore, A. Salvucci, A. Salzburger, D. Sammel, D. Sampsonidis, A. Sanchez, J. Sánchez, V. Sanchez Martinez, H. Sandaker, R. L. Sandbach, H. G. Sander, M. P. Sanders, M. Sandhoff, C. Sandoval, R. Sandstroem, D. P. C. Sankey, M. Sannino, A. Sansoni, C. Santoni, R. Santonico, H. Santos, I. Santoyo Castillo, K. Sapp, A. Sapronov, J. G. Saraiva, B. Sarrazin, O. Sasaki, Y. Sasaki, K. Sato, G. Sauvage, E. Sauvan, G. Savage, P. Savard, C. Sawyer, L. Sawyer, J. Saxon, C. Sbarra, A. Sbrizzi, T. Scanlon, D. A. Scannicchio, M. Scarcella, V. Scarfone, J. Schaarschmidt, P. Schacht, D. Schaefer, R. Schaefer, J. Schaeffer, S. Schaepe, S. Schaetzel, U. Schäfer, A. C. Schaffer, D. Schaile, R. D. Schamberger, V. Scharf, V. A. Schegelsky, D. Scheirich, M. Schernau, C. Schiavi, C. Schillo, M. Schioppa, S. Schlenker, K. Schmieden, C. Schmitt, S. Schmitt, B. Schneider, Y. J. Schnellbach, U. Schnoor, L. Schoeffel, A. Schoening, B. D. Schoenrock, E. Schopf, A. L. S. Schorlemmer, M. Schott, D. Schouten, J. Schovancova, S. Schramm, M. Schreyer, C. Schroeder, N. Schuh, M. J. Schultens, H.-C. Schultz-Coulon, H. Schulz, M. Schumacher, B. A. Schumm, Ph. Schune, C. Schwanenberger, A. Schwartzman, T. A. Schwarz, Ph. Schwegler, H. Schweiger, Ph. Schwemling, R. Schwienhorst, J. Schwindling, T. Schwindt, F. G. Sciacca, E. Scifo, G. Sciolla, F. Scuri, F. Scutti, J. Searcy, G. Sedov, E. Sedykh, P. Seema, S. C. Seidel, A. Seiden, F. Seifert, J. M. Seixas, G. Sekhniaidze, K. Sekhon, S. J. Sekula, D. M. Seliverstov, N. Semprini-Cesari, C. Serfon, L. Serin, L. Serkin, T. Serre, M. Sessa, R. Seuster, H. Severini, T. Sfiligoj, F. Sforza, A. Sfyrla, E. Shabalina, M. Shamim, L. Y. Shan, R. Shang, J. T. Shank, M. Shapiro, P. B. Shatalov, K. Shaw, S. M. Shaw, A. Shcherbakova, C. Y. Shehu, P. Sherwood, L. Shi, S. Shimizu, C. O. Shimmin, M. Shimojima, M. Shiyakova, A. Shmeleva, D. Shoaleh Saadi, M. J. Shochet, S. Shojaii, S. Shrestha, E. Shulga, M. A. Shupe, S. Shushkevich, P. Sicho, P. E. Sidebo, O. Sidiropoulou, D. Sidorov, A. Sidoti, F. Siegert, Dj. Sijacki, J. Silva, Y. Silver, S. B. Silverstein, V. Simak, O. Simard, Lj. Simic, S. Simion, E. Simioni, B. Simmons, D. Simon, P. Sinervo, N. B. Sinev, M. Sioli, G. Siragusa, A. N. Sisakyan, S. Yu. Sivoklokov, J. Sjölin, T. B. Sjursen, M. B. Skinner, H. P. Skottowe, P. Skubic, M. Slater, T. Slavicek, M. Slawinska, K. Sliwa, V. Smakhtin, B. H. Smart, L. Smestad, S. Yu. Smirnov, Y. Smirnov, L. N. Smirnova, O. Smirnova, M. N. K. Smith, R. W. Smith, M. Smizanska, K. Smolek, A. A. Snesarev, G. Snidero, S. Snyder, R. Sobie, F. Socher, A. Soffer, D. A. Soh, G. Sokhrannyi, C. A. Solans, M. Solar, J. Solc, E. Yu. Soldatov, U. Soldevila, A. A. Solodkov, A. Soloshenko, O. V. Solovyanov, V. Solovyev, P. Sommer, H. Y. Song, N. Soni, A. Sood, A. Sopczak, B. Sopko, V. Sopko, V. Sorin, D. Sosa, M. Sosebee, C. L. Sotiropoulou, R. Soualah, A. M. Soukharev, D. South, B. C. Sowden, S. Spagnolo, M. Spalla, M. Spangenberg, F. Spanò, W. R. Spearman, D. Sperlich, F. Spettel, R. Spighi, G. Spigo, L. A. Spiller, M. Spousta, T. Spreitzer, R. D. St. Denis, A. Stabile, S. Staerz, J. Stahlman, R. Stamen, S. Stamm, E. Stanecka, C. Stanescu, M. Stanescu-Bellu, M. M. Stanitzki, S. Stapnes, E. A. Starchenko, J. Stark, P. Staroba, P. Starovoitov, R. Staszewski, P. Steinberg, B. Stelzer, H. J. Stelzer, O. Stelzer-Chilton, H. Stenzel, G. A. Stewart, J. A. Stillings, M. C. Stockton, M. Stoebe, G. Stoicea, P. Stolte, S. Stonjek, A. R. Stradling, A. Straessner, M. E. Stramaglia, J. Strandberg, S. Strandberg, A. Strandlie, E. Strauss, M. Strauss, P. Strizenec, R. Ströhmer, D. M. Strom, R. Stroynowski, A. Strubig, S. A. Stucci, B. Stugu, N. A. Styles, D. Su, J. Su, R. Subramaniam, A. Succurro, Y. Sugaya, M. Suk, V. V. Sulin, S. Sultansoy, T. Sumida, S. Sun, X. Sun, J. E. Sundermann, K. Suruliz, G. Susinno, M. R. Sutton, S. Suzuki, M. Svatos, M. Swiatlowski, I. Sykora, T. Sykora, D. Ta, C. Taccini, K. Tackmann, J. Taenzer, A. Taffard, R. Tafirout, N. Taiblum, H. Takai, R. Takashima, H. Takeda, T. Takeshita, Y. Takubo, M. Talby, A. A. Talyshev, J. Y. C. Tam, K. G. Tan, J. Tanaka, R. Tanaka, S. Tanaka, B. B. Tannenwald, N. Tannoury, S. Tapprogge, S. Tarem, F. Tarrade, G. F. Tartarelli, P. Tas, M. Tasevsky, T. Tashiro, E. Tassi, A. Tavares Delgado, Y. Tayalati, F. E. Taylor, G. N. Taylor, W. Taylor, F. A. Teischinger, M. Teixeira Dias Castanheira, P. Teixeira-Dias, K. K. Temming, D. Temple, H. Ten Kate, P. K. Teng, J. J. Teoh, F. Tepel, S. Terada, K. Terashi, J. Terron, S. Terzo, M. Testa, R. J. Teuscher, T. Theveneaux-Pelzer, J. P. Thomas, J. Thomas-Wilsker, E. N. Thompson, P. D. Thompson, R. J. Thompson, A. S. Thompson, L. A. Thomsen, E. Thomson, M. Thomson, R. P. Thun, M. J. Tibbetts, R. E. Ticse Torres, V. O. Tikhomirov, Yu. A. Tikhonov, S. Timoshenko, E. Tiouchichine, P. Tipton, S. Tisserant, K. Todome, T. Todorov, S. Todorova-Nova, J. Tojo, S. Tokár, K. Tokushuku, K. Tollefson, E. Tolley, L. Tomlinson, M. Tomoto, L. Tompkins, K. Toms, E. Torrence, H. Torres, E. Torró Pastor, J. Toth, F. Touchard, D. R. Tovey, T. Trefzger, L. Tremblet, A. Tricoli, I. M. Trigger, S. Trincaz-Duvoid, M. F. Tripiana, W. Trischuk, B. Trocmé, C. Troncon, M. Trottier-McDonald, M. Trovatelli, P. True, L. Truong, M. Trzebinski, A. Trzupek, C. Tsarouchas, J. C-L. Tseng, P. V. Tsiareshka, D. Tsionou, G. Tsipolitis, N. Tsirintanis, S. Tsiskaridze, V. Tsiskaridze, E. G. Tskhadadze, I. I. Tsukerman, V. Tsulaia, S. Tsuno, D. Tsybychev, A. Tudorache, V. Tudorache, A. N. Tuna, S. A. Tupputi, S. Turchikhin, D. Turecek, R. Turra, A. J. Turvey, P. M. Tuts, A. Tykhonov, M. Tylmad, M. Tyndel, I. Ueda, R. Ueno, M. Ughetto, M. Ugland, F. Ukegawa, G. Unal, A. Undrus, G. Unel, F. C. Ungaro, Y. Unno, C. Unverdorben, J. Urban, P. Urquijo, P. Urrejola, G. Usai, A. Usanova, L. Vacavant, V. Vacek, B. Vachon, C. Valderanis, N. Valencic, S. Valentinetti, A. Valero, L. Valery, S. Valkar, E. Valladolid Gallego, S. Vallecorsa, J. A. Valls Ferrer, W. Van Den Wollenberg, P. C. Van Der Deijl, R. van der Geer, H. van der Graaf, N. van Eldik, P. van Gemmeren, J. Van Nieuwkoop, I. van Vulpen, M. C. van Woerden, M. Vanadia, W. Vandelli, R. Vanguri, A. Vaniachine, F. Vannucci, G. Vardanyan, R. Vari, E. W. Varnes, T. Varol, D. Varouchas, A. Vartapetian, K. E. Varvell, F. Vazeille, T. Vazquez Schroeder, J. Veatch, L. M. Veloce, F. Veloso, T. Velz, S. Veneziano, A. Ventura, D. Ventura, M. Venturi, N. Venturi, A. Venturini, V. Vercesi, M. Verducci, W. Verkerke, J. C. Vermeulen, A. Vest, M. C. Vetterli, O. Viazlo, I. Vichou, T. Vickey, O. E. Vickey Boeriu, G. H. A. Viehhauser, S. Viel, R. Vigne, M. Villa, M. Villaplana Perez, E. Vilucchi, M. G. Vincter, V. B. Vinogradov, I. Vivarelli, F. Vives Vaque, S. Vlachos, D. Vladoiu, M. Vlasak, M. Vogel, P. Vokac, G. Volpi, M. Volpi, H. von der Schmitt, H. von Radziewski, E. von Toerne, V. Vorobel, K. Vorobev, M. Vos, R. Voss, J. H. Vossebeld, N. Vranjes, M. Vranjes Milosavljevic, V. Vrba, M. Vreeswijk, R. Vuillermet, I. Vukotic, Z. Vykydal, P. Wagner, W. Wagner, H. Wahlberg, S. Wahrmund, J. Wakabayashi, J. Walder, R. Walker, W. Walkowiak, C. Wang, F. Wang, H. Wang, J. Wang, K. Wang, R. Wang, S. M. Wang, T. Wang, X. Wang, C. Wanotayaroj, A. Warburton, C. P. Ward, D. R. Wardrope, A. Washbrook, C. Wasicki, P. M. Watkins, A. T. Watson, I. J. Watson, M. F. Watson, G. Watts, S. Watts, B. M. Waugh, S. Webb, M. S. Weber, S. W. Weber, J. S. Webster, A. R. Weidberg, B. Weinert, J. Weingarten, C. Weiser, H. Weits, P. S. Wells, T. Wenaus, T. Wengler, S. Wenig, N. Wermes, M. Werner, P. Werner, M. Wessels, J. Wetter, K. Whalen, A. M. Wharton, A. White, M. J. White, R. White, S. White, D. Whiteson, F. J. Wickens, W. Wiedenmann, M. Wielers, P. Wienemann, C. Wiglesworth, L. A. M. Wiik-Fuchs, A. Wildauer, H. G. Wilkens, H. H. Williams, S. Williams, C. Willis, S. Willocq, A. Wilson, J. A. Wilson, I. Wingerter-Seez, F. Winklmeier, B. T. Winter, M. Wittgen, J. Wittkowski, S. J. Wollstadt, M. W. Wolter, H. Wolters, B. K. Wosiek, J. Wotschack, M. J. Woudstra, K. W. Wozniak, M. Wu, S. L. Wu, X. Wu, Y. Wu, T. R. Wyatt, B. M. Wynne, S. Xella, D. Xu, L. Xu, B. Yabsley, S. Yacoob, R. Yakabe, M. Yamada, D. Yamaguchi, Y. Yamaguchi, A. Yamamoto, S. Yamamoto, T. Yamanaka, K. Yamauchi, Y. Yamazaki, Z. Yan, H. Yang, Y. Yang, W-M. Yao, Y. Yasu, E. Yatsenko, K. H. Yau Wong, J. Ye, S. Ye, I. Yeletskikh, A. L. Yen, E. Yildirim, K. Yorita, R. Yoshida, K. Yoshihara, C. Young, C. J. S. Young, S. Youssef, D. R. Yu, J. Yu, J. M. Yu, L. Yuan, S. P. Y. Yuen, A. Yurkewicz, I. Yusuff, B. Zabinski, R. Zaidan, A. M. Zaitsev, J. Zalieckas, A. Zaman, S. Zambito, L. Zanello, D. Zanzi, C. Zeitnitz, M. Zeman, A. Zemla, Q. Zeng, K. Zengel, O. Zenin, T. Ženiš, D. Zerwas, D. Zhang, F. Zhang, H. Zhang, J. Zhang, L. Zhang, R. Zhang, X. Zhang, Z. Zhang, X. Zhao, Y. Zhao, Z. Zhao, A. Zhemchugov, J. Zhong, B. Zhou, C. Zhou, L. Zhou, M. Zhou, N. Zhou, C. G. Zhu, H. Zhu, J. Zhu, Y. Zhu, X. Zhuang, K. Zhukov, A. Zibell, D. Zieminska, N. I. Zimine, C. Zimmermann, S. Zimmermann, Z. Zinonos, M. Zinser, M. Ziolkowski, L. Živković, G. Zobernig, A. Zoccoli, M. zur Nedden, G. Zurzolo, L. Zwalinski, and ATLAS Collaboration
Subjects: Astrophysics, QB460-466, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Published: 2022
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35. External validation of a convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of intraprostatic tumor lesions on 68Ga-PSMA PET images

Author: Samuele Ghezzo, Sofia Mongardi, Carolina Bezzi, Ana Maria Samanes Gajate, Erik Preza, Irene Gotuzzo, Francesco Baldassi, Lorenzo Jonghi-Lavarini, Ilaria Neri, Tommaso Russo, Giorgio Brembilla, Francesco De Cobelli, Paola Scifo, Paola Mapelli, and Maria Picchio
Subjects: PSMA, convolutional neural network, segmentation, prostate cancer, external validation, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: IntroductionState of the art artificial intelligence (AI) models have the potential to become a “one-stop shop” to improve diagnosis and prognosis in several oncological settings. The external validation of AI models on independent cohorts is essential to evaluate their generalization ability, hence their potential utility in clinical practice. In this study we tested on a large, separate cohort a recently proposed state-of-the-art convolutional neural network for the automatic segmentation of intraprostatic cancer lesions on PSMA PET images.MethodsEighty-five biopsy proven prostate cancer patients who underwent 68Ga PSMA PET for staging purposes were enrolled in this study. Images were acquired with either fully hybrid PET/MRI (N = 46) or PET/CT (N = 39); all participants showed at least one intraprostatic pathological finding on PET images that was independently segmented by two Nuclear Medicine physicians. The trained model was available at https://gitlab.com/dejankostyszyn/prostate-gtv-segmentation and data processing has been done in agreement with the reference work.ResultsWhen compared to the manual contouring, the AI model yielded a median dice score = 0.74, therefore showing a moderately good performance. Results were robust to the modality used to acquire images (PET/CT or PET/MRI) and to the ground truth labels (no significant difference between the model’s performance when compared to reader 1 or reader 2 manual contouring).DiscussionIn conclusion, this AI model could be used to automatically segment intraprostatic cancer lesions for research purposes, as instance to define the volume of interest for radiomics or deep learning analysis. However, more robust performance is needed for the generation of AI-based decision support technologies to be proposed in clinical practice.
Published: 2023
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36. Decoding Malignant Glioma Heterogeneity by Habitat Analysis of HYpoxia, PERfusion and DIffusion Imaging: Preliminary Results of the HYPERDIrect Study

Author: Gianluca Nocera, Eng Nicolò Pecco, Michele Bailo, Marcella Callea, Pasquale Anthony Della Rosa, Filippo Gagliardi, Federico Fallanca, Maria Picchio, Pietro Mortini, Paola Scifo, Andrea Falini, and Antonella Castellano
Subjects: Neurology. Diseases of the nervous system, RC346-429
Published: 2023
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37. Challenging social media threats using collective well-being-aware recommendation algorithms and an educational virtual companion

Author: Dimitri Ognibene, Rodrigo Wilkens, Davide Taibi, Davinia Hernández-Leo, Udo Kruschwitz, Gregor Donabauer, Emily Theophilou, Francesco Lomonaco, Sathya Bursic, Rene Alejandro Lobo, J. Roberto Sánchez-Reina, Lidia Scifo, Veronica Schwarze, Johanna Börsting, Ulrich Hoppe, Farbod Aprin, Nils Malzahn, and Sabrina Eimler
Subjects: collective well-being, recommender systems, social media, virtual companion, social media threats, hierarchical reinforcement learning, Electronic computers. Computer science, QA75.5-76.95
Abstract: Social media have become an integral part of our lives, expanding our interlinking capabilities to new levels. There is plenty to be said about their positive effects. On the other hand, however, some serious negative implications of social media have been repeatedly highlighted in recent years, pointing at various threats to society and its more vulnerable members, such as teenagers, in particular, ranging from much-discussed problems such as digital addiction and polarization to manipulative influences of algorithms and further to more teenager-specific issues (e.g., body stereotyping). The impact of social media—both at an individual and societal level—is characterized by the complex interplay between the users' interactions and the intelligent components of the platform. Thus, users' understanding of social media mechanisms plays a determinant role. We thus propose a theoretical framework based on an adaptive “Social Media Virtual Companion” for educating and supporting an entire community, teenage students, to interact in social media environments in order to achieve desirable conditions, defined in terms of a community-specific and participatory designed measure of Collective Well-Being (CWB). This Companion combines automatic processing with expert intervention and guidance. The virtual Companion will be powered by a Recommender System (CWB-RS) that will optimize a CWB metric instead of engagement or platform profit, which currently largely drives recommender systems thereby disregarding any societal collateral effect. CWB-RS will optimize CWB both in the short term by balancing the level of social media threats the users are exposed to, and in the long term by adopting an Intelligent Tutor System role and enabling adaptive and personalized sequencing of playful learning activities. We put an emphasis on experts and educators in the educationally managed social media community of the Companion. They play five key roles: (a) use the Companion in classroom-based educational activities; (b) guide the definition of the CWB; (c) provide a hierarchical structure of learning strategies, objectives and activities that will support and contain the adaptive sequencing algorithms of the CWB-RS based on hierarchical reinforcement learning; (d) act as moderators of direct conflicts between the members of the community; and, finally, (e) monitor and address ethical and educational issues that are beyond the intelligent agent's competence and control. This framework offers a possible approach to understanding how to design social media systems and embedded educational interventions that favor a more healthy and positive society. Preliminary results on the performance of the Companion's components and studies of the educational and psychological underlying principles are presented.
Published: 2023
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38. Radiomics in pancreatic neuroendocrine tumors: methodological issues and clinical significance

Author: Bezzi, C., Mapelli, P., Presotto, L., Neri, I., Scifo, P., Savi, A., Bettinardi, V., Partelli, S., Gianolli, L., Falconi, M., and Picchio, M.
Published: 2021
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39. White matter deficits correlate with visual motion perception impairments in dyslexic carriers of the DCDC2 genetic risk variant

Author: Perani, Daniela, Scifo, Paola, Cicchini, Guido M., Rosa, Pasquale Della, Banfi, Chiara, Mascheretti, Sara, Falini, Andrea, Marino, Cecilia, and Morrone, Maria Concetta
Published: 2021
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40. AIFM1 beyond cell death: An overview of this OXPHOS-inducing factor in mitochondrial diseases

Author: Lena Wischhof, Enzo Scifo, Dan Ehninger, and Daniele Bano
Subjects: Aapoptosis-inducing factor (AIF), CHCHD4, Mitochondria, Mitochondrial diseases, Oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS), Medicine, Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract: Summary: Apoptosis-inducing factor (AIF) is a mitochondrial intermembrane space flavoprotein with diverse functions in cellular physiology. In this regard, a large number of studies have elucidated AIF's participation to chromatin condensation during cell death in development, cancer, cardiovascular and brain disorders. However, the discovery of rare AIFM1 mutations in patients has shifted the interest of biomedical researchers towards AIF's contribution to pathogenic mechanisms underlying inherited AIFM1-linked metabolic diseases. The functional characterization of AIF binding partners has rapidly advanced our understanding of AIF biology within the mitochondria and beyond its widely reported role in cell death. At the present time, it is reasonable to assume that AIF contributes to cell survival by promoting biogenesis and maintenance of the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. With this review, we aim to outline the current knowledge around the vital role of AIF by primarily focusing on currently reported human diseases that have been linked to AIFM1 deficiency.
Published: 2022
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41. [68Ga]Ga-PSMA and [68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/MRI vs. Histopathological Images in Prostate Cancer: A New Workflow for Spatial Co-Registration

Author: Samuele Ghezzo, Ilaria Neri, Paola Mapelli, Annarita Savi, Ana Maria Samanes Gajate, Giorgio Brembilla, Carolina Bezzi, Beatrice Maghini, Tommaso Villa, Alberto Briganti, Francesco Montorsi, Francesco De Cobelli, Massimo Freschi, Arturo Chiti, Maria Picchio, and Paola Scifo
Subjects: PET/MRI, histopathology, co-registration, prostate, Technology, Biology (General), QH301-705.5
Abstract: This study proposed a new workflow for co-registering prostate PET images from a dual-tracer PET/MRI study with histopathological images of resected prostate specimens. The method aims to establish an accurate correspondence between PET/MRI findings and histology, facilitating a deeper understanding of PET tracer distribution and enabling advanced analyses like radiomics. To achieve this, images derived by three patients who underwent both [68Ga]Ga-PSMA and [68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET/MRI before radical prostatectomy were selected. After surgery, in the resected fresh specimens, fiducial markers visible on both histology and MR images were inserted. An ex vivo MRI of the prostate served as an intermediate step for co-registration between histological specimens and in vivo MRI examinations. The co-registration workflow involved five steps, ensuring alignment between histopathological images and PET/MRI data. The target registration error (TRE) was calculated to assess the precision of the co-registration. Furthermore, the DICE score was computed between the dominant intraprostatic tumor lesions delineated by the pathologist and the nuclear medicine physician. The TRE for the co-registration of histopathology and in vivo images was 1.59 mm, while the DICE score related to the site of increased intraprostatic uptake on [68Ga]Ga-PSMA and [68Ga]Ga-RM2 PET images was 0.54 and 0.75, respectively. This work shows an accurate co-registration method for histopathological and in vivo PET/MRI prostate examinations that allows the quantitative assessment of dual-tracer PET/MRI diagnostic accuracy at a millimetric scale. This approach may unveil radiotracer uptake mechanisms and identify new PET/MRI biomarkers, thus establishing the basis for precision medicine and future analyses, such as radiomics.
Published: 2023
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42. Dynamics studies of high brightness electron beams in a normal conducting, high repetition rate C-band injector

Author: A. Giribono, D. Alesini, F. Cardelli, G. Di Raddo, L. Faillace, M. Ferrario, A. Gallo, A. Gizzi, S. Lauciani, A. Liedl, L. Pellegrino, L. Piersanti, C. Vaccarezza, A. Vannozzi, J. Scifo, L. Ficcadenti, G. Castorina, G. Pedrocchi, G. J. Silvi, and T. G. Lucas
Subjects: Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract: C-band technology is emerging as an exciting innovative approach to the creation of compact new accelerators. Besides the possibility to sustain higher gradients and higher repetition rate operation at normal conducting temperature, it also allows one to increase the machine performance in terms of beam brightness. We propose the design study of a normal conducting, high gradient C-band injector aiming at the production of high brightness electron beams—up to 2.6×10^{3} TA/m^{2}—at high repetition rate—up to 1 KHz—as desired to enhance the capabilities of modern radiation sources. This paper reports on beam dynamics studies that guided the injector design looking for a good compromise between the machine compactness and performances. For this purpose, a new standing wave C-band gun consisting of 2.6 cells has been designed to enhance the final beam brightness together with its own mode launcher to ensure the needed peak field at the cathode—up to 180 MV/m. Several working points in terms of peak current, transverse emittance and brightness are explored, showing the flexibility allowed by the proposed photoinjector. The integration of the gun mode launcher, that relies on a four-port configuration, in the injector design and its effect on the beam quality are also reported.
Published: 2023
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43. SGPL1 stimulates VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria in MICU1 deficient cells

Author: Joshua Jackson, Lena Wischhof, Enzo Scifo, Anna Pellizzer, Yiru Wang, Antonia Piazzesi, Debora Gentile, Sana Siddig, Miriam Stork, Chris E. Hopkins, Kristian Händler, Joachim Weis, Andreas Roos, Joachim L. Schultze, Pierluigi Nicotera, Dan Ehninger, and Daniele Bano
Subjects: Autophagy, Caenorhabditis elegans, Longevity, MICU1, Mitochondria, Sphingosine signaling, Internal medicine, RC31-1245
Abstract: Objective: Mitochondrial “retrograde” signaling may stimulate organelle biogenesis as a compensatory adaptation to aberrant activity of the oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) system. To maintain energy-consuming processes in OXPHOS deficient cells, alternative metabolic pathways are functionally coupled to the degradation, recycling and redistribution of biomolecules across distinct intracellular compartments. While transcriptional regulation of mitochondrial network expansion has been the focus of many studies, the molecular mechanisms promoting mitochondrial maintenance in energy-deprived cells remain poorly investigated. Methods: We performed transcriptomics, quantitative proteomics and lifespan assays to identify pathways that are mechanistically linked to mitochondrial network expansion and homeostasis in Caenorhabditis elegans lacking the mitochondrial calcium uptake protein 1 (MICU-1/MICU1). To support our findings, we carried out biochemical and image analyses in mammalian cells and mouse-derived tissues. Results: We report that micu-1(null) mutations impair the OXPHOS system and promote C. elegans longevity through a transcriptional program that is independent of the mitochondrial calcium uniporter MCU-1/MCU and the essential MCU regulator EMRE-1/EMRE. We identify sphingosine phosphate lyase SPL-1/SGPL1 and the ATFS-1-target HOPS complex subunit VPS-39/VPS39 as critical lifespan modulators of micu-1(null) mutant animals. Cross-species investigation indicates that SGPL1 upregulation stimulates VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria, thereby enhancing mitochondria-lysosome contacts. Consistently, VPS39 downregulation compromises mitochondrial network maintenance and basal autophagic flux in MICU1 deficient cells. In mouse-derived muscles, we show that VPS39 recruitment to the mitochondria may represent a common signature associated with altered OXPHOS system. Conclusions: Our findings reveal a previously unrecognized SGPL1/VPS39 axis that stimulates intracellular organelle interactions and sustains autophagy and mitochondrial homeostasis in OXPHOS deficient cells.
Published: 2022
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44. Decoding the Heterogeneity of Malignant Gliomas by PET and MRI for Spatial Habitat Analysis of Hypoxia, Perfusion, and Diffusion Imaging: A Preliminary Study

Author: Michele Bailo, Nicolò Pecco, Marcella Callea, Paola Scifo, Filippo Gagliardi, Luca Presotto, Valentino Bettinardi, Federico Fallanca, Paola Mapelli, Luigi Gianolli, Claudio Doglioni, Nicoletta Anzalone, Maria Picchio, Pietro Mortini, Andrea Falini, and Antonella Castellano
Subjects: high-grade glioma, PET, MRI, habitats, hypoxia imaging, perfusion-weighted imaging, Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry, RC321-571
Abstract: BackgroundTumor heterogeneity poses major clinical challenges in high-grade gliomas (HGGs). Quantitative radiomic analysis with spatial tumor habitat clustering represents an innovative, non-invasive approach to represent and quantify tumor microenvironment heterogeneity. To date, habitat imaging has been applied mainly on conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), although virtually extendible to any imaging modality, including advanced MRI techniques such as perfusion and diffusion MRI as well as positron emission tomography (PET) imaging.ObjectivesThis study aims to evaluate an innovative PET and MRI approach for assessing hypoxia, perfusion, and tissue diffusion in HGGs and derive a combined map for clustering of intra-tumor heterogeneity.Materials and MethodsSeventeen patients harboring HGGs underwent a pre-operative acquisition of MR perfusion (PWI), Diffusion (dMRI) and 18F-labeled fluoroazomycinarabinoside (18F-FAZA) PET imaging to evaluate tumor vascularization, cellularity, and hypoxia, respectively. Tumor volumes were segmented on fluid-attenuated inversion recovery (FLAIR) and T1 post-contrast images, and voxel-wise clustering of each quantitative imaging map identified eight combined PET and physiologic MRI habitats. Habitats’ spatial distribution, quantitative features and histopathological characteristics were analyzed.ResultsA highly reproducible distribution pattern of the clusters was observed among different cases, particularly with respect to morphological landmarks as the necrotic core, contrast-enhancing vital tumor, and peritumoral infiltration and edema, providing valuable supplementary information to conventional imaging. A preliminary analysis, performed on stereotactic bioptic samples where exact intracranial coordinates were available, identified a reliable correlation between the expected microenvironment of the different spatial habitats and the actual histopathological features. A trend toward a higher representation of the most aggressive clusters in WHO (World Health Organization) grade IV compared to WHO III was observed.ConclusionPreliminary findings demonstrated high reproducibility of the PET and MRI hypoxia, perfusion, and tissue diffusion spatial habitat maps and correlation with disease-specific histopathological features.
Published: 2022
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45. Sarcoidosis revealed by simultaneous optic nerve and eyelid involvement: A case report

Author: Tom Buelens, Lisa Scifo, Zsuzsanna Valyi, and François Willermain
Subjects: Sarcoidosis, Optic neuropathy, Eyelid granuloma, Ophthalmology, RE1-994
Abstract: Purpose: Ocular disease can be the initial manifestation in patients with sarcoidosis. It is most often associated with uveitis, but eyelid or optic nerve disease can also be presenting features. Although uncommon and easy to overlook in a patient presenting with visual loss, paying attention to the presence of eyelid granulomas in our patient proved to be very helpful in our diagnostic work up for optic neuropathy. Observations: A young otherwise healthy patient was addressed with a 3 month history of bilateral painless visual loss. At presentation, best-corrected visual acuity was counting fingers in both eyes. Anterior segment slit-lamp examination was completely normal in both eyes. Eye fundus examination revealed subtle optic disc swelling in the left eye. Interestingly, flesh-colored nodular eyelid lesions were found bilaterally. Basic work-up for optic neuropathy showed elevated levels of serum lysozyme and serum angiotensin converting enzyme. More importantly, a biopsy specimen of an eyelid nodule demonstrated multiple non-necrotizing granulomas, a hallmark sign of sarcoidosis. Despite a delay in treatment of several months after onset of symptoms, response to systemic corticosteroids was prompt and important with visual acuity improving to 20/20 in both eyes as well as complete resorption of all eyelid lesions. Conclusion and importance: In the diagnostic work-up for optic neuropathy, the answer can sometimes be hiding where it's least expected: the possible presence of eyelid lesions should not be overlooked as they may orient us towards sarcoidosis as an underlying etiology.
Published: 2022
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46. COVID-19 outbreak and acute cholecystitis in a Hub Hospital in Milan: wider indications for percutaneous cholecystostomy

Author: Matteo Barabino, Gaetano Piccolo, Arianna Trizzino, Veronica Fedele, Carlo Ferrari, Vincenzo Nicastro, Andrea Pisani Ceretti, Enrico De Nicola, Nicolò Maria Mariani, Marco Giovenzana, Giovanna Scifo, Massimiliano Mazza, Ruggero Vercelli, Roberto Santambrogio, Carmelo Luigiano, and Enrico Opocher
Subjects: Acute cholecystitis, Percutaneous cholecystostomy, COVID-19, SARS-CoV-2, Bedside, Drainage, Surgery, RD1-811
Abstract: Abstract Background COVID-19 pandemic has impacted the Italian National Health Care system at many different levels, causing a complete reorganization of surgical wards. In this context, our study retrospectively analysed the management strategy for patients with acute cholecystitis. Methods We analysed all patients admitted to our Emergency Department for acute cholecystitis between February and April 2020 and we graded each case according to 2018 Tokyo Guidelines. All patients were tested for positivity to SARS-CoV-2 and received an initial conservative treatment. We focused on patients submitted to cholecystostomy during the acute phase of pandemic and their subsequent disease evolution. Results Thirty-seven patients were admitted for acute cholecystitis (13 grade I, 16 grade II, 8 grade III). According to Tokyo Guidelines (2018), patients were successfully treated with antibiotic only, bedside percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (PC) and laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC) in 29.7%, 21.6% and 48.7% of cases respectively. Therapeutic strategy of three out of 8 cases, otherwise fit for surgery, submitted to bedside percutaneous transhepatic gallbladder drainage (37.5%), were directly modified by COVID-19 pandemic: one due to the SARS-CoV-2 positivity, while two others due to unavailability of operating room and intensive care unit for post-operative monitoring respectively. Overall success rate of percutaneous cholecystostomy was of 87.5%. The mean post-procedural hospitalization length was 9 days, and no related adverse events were observed apart from transient parietal bleeding, conservatively treated. Once discharged, two patients required readmission because of acute biliary symptoms. Median time of drainage removal was 43 days and only 50% patients thereafter underwent cholecystectomy. Conclusions Percutaneous cholecystostomy has shown to be an effective and safe treatment thus acquiring an increased relevance in the first phase of the pandemic. Nowadays, considering we are forced to live with the SARS-CoV-2 virus, PC should be considered as a virtuous, alternative tool for potentially all COVID-19 positive patients and selectively for negative cases unresponsive to conservative therapy and unfit for surgery.
Published: 2021
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47. Energy spread minimization in a beam-driven plasma wakefield accelerator

Author: Pompili, R., Alesini, D., Anania, M. P., Behtouei, M., Bellaveglia, M., Biagioni, A., Bisesto, F. G., Cesarini, M., Chiadroni, E., Cianchi, A., Costa, G., Croia, M., Del Dotto, A., Di Giovenale, D., Diomede, M., Dipace, F., Ferrario, M., Giribono, A., Lollo, V., Magnisi, L., Marongiu, M., Mostacci, A., Piersanti, L., Di Pirro, G., Romeo, S., Rossi, A. R., Scifo, J., Shpakov, V., Vaccarezza, C., Villa, F., and Zigler, A.
Published: 2021
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48. CEST‐2.2 overexpression alters lipid metabolism and extends longevity of mitochondrial mutants

Author: Piazzesi, Antonia, Wang, Yiru, Jackson, Joshua, Wischhof, Lena, Zeisler‐Diehl, Viktoria, Scifo, Enzo, Oganezova, Ina, Hoffmann, Thorben, Gómez Martín, Pablo, Bertan, Fabio, Wrobel, Chester J J, Schroeder, Frank C, Ehninger, Dan, Händler, Kristian, Schultze, Joachim L, Schreiber, Lukas, van Echten‐Deckert, Gerhild, Nicotera, Pierluigi, and Bano, Daniele
Published: 2022
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49. Sustained virological response in patients with HCV treated with daclatasvir plus sofosbuvir, with or without ribavirin: a large, field-practice study

Author: Rodolfo Sacco, Vincenzo Messina, Umberto Vespasiani Gentilucci, Luigi Elio Adinolfi, Antonio Ascione, Giorgio Barbarini, Angelo Barlattani, Giuseppe Cariti, Raffaele Cozzolongo, Basilio Fimiani, Ruggiero Francavilla, Caterina Furlan, Giovanni Garrucciu, Vincenzo Iovinella, Luca Rinaldi, Massimo Marignani, Paola Begini, Valeria Pace Palitti, Adriano M Pellicelli, Gaetano Scifo, Antonio Facciorusso, Luca Giacomelli, Aashni Shah, Gaetano Bertino, Serena Perazzo, Giampaolo Bresci, and Antonio Izzi
Subjects: daclatasvir, direct-acting antivirals, hcv ns5a inhibitors, hcv replication complex, ribavirin, sofosbuvir, Therapeutics. Pharmacology, RM1-950
Abstract: Background: The once-daily oral combination of daclatasvir (DCV) and sofosbuvir (SOF), with or without ribavirin (RBV), is effective and well tolerated in patients with hepatitis C virus (HCV). However, further field-practice studies are necessary to investigate the effectiveness and safety of the DCV+SOF combination in diverse subpopulations of patients with HCV, including those who are more challenging to treat such as patients with a genotype 3 (G3) infection. The aim of this retrospective, multicenter, field-practice study was to investigate the therapeutic efficacy and safety of the oral combination of DCV and SOF, with or without RBV (DCV+SOF±RBV), in a large unselected cohort of patients with chronic HCV infection (CHC). Patients and methods: Consecutive patients received DCV+SOF±RBV for 12 or 24 weeks. The efficacy endpoint was sustained virological response at 12 weeks after the end of treatment (SVR12). Safety factors were also considered. Results: A total of 620 patients were included in this study; the predominant genotype was G3 (55.3%). Of the total sample, 248 (40%) patients were treated with DCV+SOF+RBV and 372 (60%) did not receive RBV. The majority of patients assessed at week 12 (98%, 596/608) achieved SVR12. Among G3 patients, 98.8% (335/339) achieved SVR12. The most common adverse event was elevated bilirubin (30.6%), recorded in 4.9% of cases as a grade 3–4 adverse event. Conclusion: This study shows the high pan-genotypic effectiveness and safety of the DCV+SOF±RBV combination in a large, unselected sample of CHC patients with G1–4, including a wide proportion of G3 CHC patients.
Published: 2020
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50. Cyberbullying and Cyberhate as Two Interlinked Instances of Cyber-Aggression in Adolescence: A Systematic Review

Author: Giovanni Fulantelli, Davide Taibi, Lidia Scifo, Veronica Schwarze, and Sabrina C. Eimler
Subjects: cyberbullying, cyberhate, cyber-aggression, adolescents, social media, social network sites, Psychology, BF1-990
Abstract: In this paper we present the results of a systematic review aimed at investigating what the literature reports on cyberbullying and cyberhate, whether and to what extent the connection between the two phenomena is made explicit, and whether it is possible to identify overlapping factors in the description of the phenomena. Specifically, for each of the 24 selected papers, we have identified the predictors of cyberbullying behaviors and the consequences of cyberbullying acts on the victims; the same analysis has been carried out with reference to cyberhate. Then, by comparing what emerged from the literature on cyberbullying with what emerged from the literature on cyberhate, we verify to what extent the two phenomena overlap in terms of predictors and consequences. Results show that the cyberhate issue related to adolescents is less investigated than cyberbullying, and most of the papers focusing on one of them do not refer to the other. Nevertheless, by comparing the predictors and outcomes of cyberbullying and cyberhate as reported in the literature, an overlap between the two concepts emerges, with reference to: the parent-child relationship to reduce the risk of cyber-aggression; the link between sexuality and cyber-attacks; the protective role of the families and of good quality friendship relationships; the impact of cyberbullying and cyberhate on adolescents' individuals' well-being and emotions; meaningful analogies between the coping strategies put in practice by victims of cyberbullying and cyberhate. We argue that the results of this review can stimulate a holistic approach for future studies on cyberbullying and cyberhate where the two phenomena are analyzed as two interlinked instances of cyber-aggression. Similarly, prevention and intervention programs on a responsible and safe use of social media should refer to both cyberbullying and cyberhate issues, as they share many predictors as well as consequences on adolescents' wellbeing, thus making it diminishing to afford them separately.Systematic Review Registrationhttp://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO, identifier: CRD42021239461.
Published: 2022
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