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Workplace attendance behaviors (WAB), i.e., absenteeism and presenteeism, are important to both organizations and individuals. Yet, despite growing knowledge on their formation, and ongoing calls for its exploration, research on how the legitimacy of WAB impacts attendance decisions is missing. We contribute by providing researchers with the Workplace Attendance Behavior Legitimacy Scale (WABLS), a reliable, valid, and economical measure validated in English and German, across five samples. WABLS includes 12 items that measure the personal norms of attending work via three dimensions that emerged across Studies 1A, 1B and 2, namely the respective legitimacies of working in the state of ill-health (sickness presenteeism), working despite a lack of motivation (motivational presenteeism), and not working due to a lack of motivation (motivational absenteeism). We find that WABLS exhibits good internal consistency, test-retest reliability, discriminant and criterion-related validity, and longitudinal and cross-lingual measurement invariance (Study 3). We discuss theoretical implications for attendance legitimacy as well as opportunities for the future use of WABLS.

Nursing leaders must engage with evidence-based practice (EBP) to advance quality patient care. The purpose of this study was to understand the impact of an implementation science study on nurse manager competencies. Qualitative focus group interviews were conducted with leaders following an implementation science study. The AONL Nurse Manager Competency Framework was used as a guide. Leaders felt they were able to promote EBPs, influence others, and grow in their professional role after participating in the implementation science study. Involvement in nurse-led implementation science research can enhance frontline leaders’ ability to engage with and promote EBP.

This article focuses on how length of participation in professional youth work is associated with five outcome variables: prosocial skills, self-mastery, social network, civic participation (volunteering and organizing activities) and finding support from social care services. The study was designed as a longitudinal cohort study of four waves during a 16-month period, gathering the data of 1597 youngsters aged 10–24 who participated in Dutch professional youth work. The results show that, on average, youngsters who participated longer in youth work scored significantly higher on the outcome variables. Respondents did not show individual improvements on outcome variables over the period, but the results demonstrate a cautious positive trend over time in volunteering. Referring youngsters (33%) by youth workers to care services could prevent an exacerbation of existing problems. The results provide knowledge that legitimizes the role of professional youth workers and which can be used by them to improve the support of socially vulnerable youngsters in their personal development and social participation.

Background Surgeons make important contributions to basic science research and are in a unique position to innovate scientifically. The number of surgeons pursuing basic science research has been declining over the past two decades. We sought to describe perceived barriers to surgeons’ pursuit of basic science research and identify interventions that mitigate these obstacles. Materials & Methods An online survey was sent to chairs of academic surgery departments and practicing surgeons involved in basic science research. A subset of these participants were interviewed about their experiences. Interviews were audio-recorded, transcribed, and uploaded to NVivo. Two coders developed a codebook using inductive content analysis to identify relevant themes. Results 97 people responded to the survey, 27 (29%) were department chairs. Major barriers to basic science research for all respondents were lack of funding, clinical duties and lack of dedicated time for research. Nine surgeons and three departmental chairs were subsequently interviewed. The importance of having clear research goals and timetables with specific plans for attaining funding were mentioned by all. Chairs described the usefulness of embedding early surgeon scientists in their scientific mentors’ labs in a post-doctoral model. Additionally, departmental leaders must actively work to protect surgeon scientists from encroaching clinical and administrative demands. Conclusions While barriers to surgeons’ pursuit of basic science research exist, the surgeon scientist is a phenotype that can be fostered with the dedication and commitment of surgeons to continue to pursue science research and active support of departmental leadership.

Microfocus computed tomography (micro-CT) has not been widely used at high radiation intensity (industrial micro-CT) in life science fields. In this preliminary study, we investigated its potential value in the detection of micro-hepatic tumors in a mouse model. The liver with micro-hepatic tumors was surgically resected en-bloc from mice, and examined with industrial micro-CT and lower intensity micro-CT (small animal micro-CT). The number of hepatic tumors was manually counted on serial images. Then, the accuracy of each technique was determined by preparing matching liver sections and comparing the number of tumors identified in a conventional pathological examination. The number of hepatic tumors evaluated with industrial micro-CT showed high concordance with the results of the pathological examinations (intraclass correlation coefficient [ICC]: 0.984; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.959–0.994). On the other hand, the number of hepatic tumors evaluated with the small animal micro-CT showed low concordance with the number identified in the pathological examinations (ICC: 0.533; 95% CI 0.181–0.815). Industrial micro-CT improved the detection of small structures in resected specimens, and might be a promising solution for life science research.

Seeds are the central components of the plant life cycle because the establishment of a new generation of plants depends on them [...]

This study aimed to conduct an updated exploration of the ratio of male and female participants in sport and exercise science research. Publications involving humans were examined from The European Journal of Sports Science, Medicine & Science in Sport & Exercise, The Journal of Sport Science & Medicine, The Journal of Physiology, The American Journal of Sports Medicine, and The British Journal of Sports Medicine, 2014–2020. The total number of participants, the number of male and female participants, the title, and the topic, were recorded for each publication. Data were expressed in frequencies and percentages. Chi-square analyses were used to assess the differences in frequencies in each of the journals. About 5,261 publications and 12,511,386 participants were included in the analyses. Sixty-three percentage of publications included both males and females, 31% included males only, and 6% included females only (p p

Initially, contact lenses were developed as the only viable option to provide improved vision for patients suffering from conditions which distortedthe corneal surface in an irregular fashion, rendering spectacle correction an unsatisfactory option. Developments in materials, fitting methods andmanufacturing technologies soon made contact lenses an appealing option for all spectacle wearers, particularly with the development of toricand multifocal lens options. Although the optical challenges of contact lenses appeared to be relatively straightforward in their early years, thedevelopment of improved in-vivo diagnostic and in-vitro metrology instrumentation led to a significantly greater understanding of the nature of theoptical errors (e.g. higher order wavefront aberrations) of the eye and contact lenses and the interactions between them when worn. The featuresof contact lenses having extremely steep curvatures and being aligned closely to the eye’s visual axis in all positions of gaze provide both uniquechallenges and opportunities for improving the visual performance of both physiological and pathological eyes, and have guided the efforts ofsignificant vison science research in more recent times.

This gallery features images and abstracts from final research projects undertaken by MA Art in Science students at Liverpool School of Art and Design, Liverpool John Moores University between 2016 – 2020, which explore the boundaries of art, anatomy, biology, medicine, microbiology and public health.

A fundamental assumption of learning theories is that the credit assigned to predictive cues is not simply determined by their probability of reinforcement, but by their ability to compete with other cues present during learning. This assumption has guided behavioral and neural science research for decades, and tremendous empirical and theoretical advances have been made identifying the mechanisms of cue competition. However, when learning conditions are not optimal (e.g., when training is massed), credit assignment is no longer competitive. This is a catastrophic failure of the learning system that exposes the individual’s vulnerability to form spurious associations in the real world. Here, we uncover that cue competition can be rescued when conditions are suboptimal provided that the individual has agency over the learning experience. Our findings reveal a new connection between agency over learning and credit assignment to cues, and open new avenues of investigation into the underlying mechanisms.

Topics associated with the biological sciences form a significant fraction of the curriculum in science at primary school level in the U.K. In this methodology paper we demonstrate how a wide range...

Purpose The Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) programs have grown exponentially for the last 10 years across the United States. However, the intra-professional collaboration among DNP and PhD scholars is not clearly demonstrated in the literature as it relates to frequency, training models, and the outcomes of these collaborations on translation. The purposes of this paper are to: (1) examine the role for DNP nurses in symptom science research and (2) describe training models to cultivate the PhD-DNP collaboration to strengthen the translation of discoveries from nursing research, to facilitate implementation of discoveries, and to improve clinical practice of nurses. Methods A targeted review of the literature was conducted to identify, (1) the role of the DNP, (2) examples of PhD-DNP collaborations, (3) training models that support collaborations, and (4) the outcomes of these intra-professional collaborations. Results Two articles reported on PhD-DNP collaboration within a university setting; however, they did not address how the partnership was modeled. One additional article described an academic-hospital partnership model aimed at MSN-prepared advanced practice nurses (APRN) by which outcomes were measured. No examples were found outside of academic settings. The National Institute of Nursing Research (NINR) has established the Symptom Science Center (SSC) with an interest in training the next generation of symptom scientists. By developing a training curriculum through the NINR SSC, DNP-prepared students and practitioners can be exposed to the research enterprise and potentially develop early partnerships with PhD-prepared students and scholars that lead to research translation. Conclusion The NINR Department of Intramural Research (DIR) and National Institutes of Health Clinical Center are dedicated to building stronger ties between PhD- and DNP-prepared scientists. The SSC can serve as an optimal platform to promote the collaboration of PhD and DNP nurses to advance symptom science translation. Clinical Relevance Nurses have a remarkable role in early detection of disease progression. Training opportunities to cultivate the PhD-DNP collaboration have significant relevance for expediting the translation of nursing science to nursing practice.

According to the article published in Sphinx in October 1898 to mark the opening of the Thompson Yates Laboratories, experimental medicine, modern pathology and her daughter sciences of bacteriology arid serology, hygiene, veterinary science and agriculture, and the whole range of animal product, brewing, baking and food processing industries that they spawned, all depended on physiology for their 'scientific basest.0 At Liverpool, these various applications of physiology were pursued, not by Sherrington, but by the University' s Professor of Pathology, Rubert Boyce. This chapter sets out to illustrate the contrast between Sherrington's purescience orientation to physiology and Boyce's applied science approach to his pathology department. As with physiology, it also examines the reception that was afforded to Boyce's approach by the University and the city, and traces developments into the 1920s. In 1898, Boyce reported that both he and Sherrington expected schools of pathology and physiology to emerge in the Thompson-Yates Laboratories, the department of physiology covering the physical and chemical physiology and histology of healthy organisms, and Boyce' s department dealing with the anatomy, histology and chemical pathology of disease. (2) Sherrington, as already argued, followed the model of the German and Cambridge laboratories and regarded his department as concerned with both undergraduate teaching and pure science research. Boyce adopted a wider view of his discipline. He intended that his department should step outside its accepted boundaries to pursue a comprehensive experimental medicine-style pathology that wouldInclude both pure and applied science, and would incorporate as many ancilliary lines of work as possible to stimulate city Interest and support.

We are exploring the relationship between using the terms of art “Positive Feedback Loop” and “Negative Feedback Loop” and STEM fields with learning outcomes for novice students. These terms are currently being used in the geosciences and other STEM fields to define systems where a feedback mechanism is present.

PurposeThis paper aims to detail how a Sales and Operations Planning (S&OP) process can be designed to support the planning requirements of recently introduced products.Design/methodology/approachDesign science research was conducted to propose and implement an S&OP model for demand fulfillment after the introduction of new products. The results were analyzed using the CIMO (Context, Intervention, Mechanisms and Outcomes) logic, and two sets of design propositions were formulated.FindingsAn S&OP process for new products can reduce additional costs for market fulfillment by concentrating the planning efforts on new products, aligning organizational efforts, and increasing the sales and supply chain information’s update frequency.Research limitations/implicationsThe outcomes of S&OP new products were analyzed in a single organization and are limited to the contextual factors presented.Practical implicationsThis paper describes in detail how to organize an S&OP focused on new products. By considering the contextual factors and design propositions, managers can potentially increase the success of new products introduction (NPI) in their context.Originality/valueA specific S&OP process focused on new products is a viable solution and could co-exist with a traditional S&OP process. Moreover, we identified six contextual factors that influence the outcomes of the S&OP new products.

Dr. Wolf Singer (b. 1943) is one of Germany's most renowned brain researchers and neurophysiologists. His accomplishments in the creation of new research centers for neuroscience as well as his commitment to European scientific organizations for integrative brain research are highly valued as significant moments of advancement in the neurosciences. Before his appointment as a scientific member of the Max Planck Society and director at the Frankfurt Max Planck Institute for Brain Research, he gained deep insight into the chances and pitfalls of translational initiatives at the Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry in Munich. From the late 1950s onward, the institute adapted to emerging international trends and successfully integrated neurochemistry, neurophysiology, and neuroanatomy into the fledgling interdisciplinary field of neuroscience. This agenda of reorientation was an undertaking of Otto Detlev Creutzfeldt, Detlev Ploog, Gerd Peters, and Horst Jatzkewitz, among others. In the 1970s, Munich's laboratories attracted scientists from several countries in Europe and abroad. This article examines whether specific styles of conducting (neuro)science research existed in the Max Planck Society.

The research apprenticeship is a situated form of learning that can be effective in connecting learners to science. It is commonly assumed that this pathway is characterised by power transitions fr...

Monoclonal antibodies are extremely valuable functional biomaterials that are widely used not only in life science research but also in antibody drugs and test drugs. There is also a strong need to develop high-quality neutralizing antibodies as soon as possible in order to stop the rapid spread of new infectious diseases such as the SARS-CoV-2 virus. This study has developed a membrane-type immunoglobulin-directed hybridoma screening (MIHS) method for obtaining high-quality monoclonal antibodies with high efficiency and high speed. In addition to these advantages, this paper demonstrates that the MIHS method can selectively obtain monoclonal antibodies that specifically recognize the functional structure of proteins. The MIHS method is a useful technology that greatly contributes to the research community because it can be easily introduced in any laboratory that uses a flow cytometer.

Effective professional development programs (PDPs) rely on welldefined goals. However, recent studies on PDPs have not explored the goals from a multi-stakeholder perspective. This study identifies the most important learning goals of PDPs at science research institutions as perceived by four groups of stakeholders, namely teachers, education researchers, government representatives, and research scientists. Altogether, over 100 stakeholders from 42 countries involved in PDPs at science research institutions in Europe and North America participated in a three-round Delphi study. In the first round, the stakeholders provided their opinions on what they thought the learning goals of PDPs should be through an open-ended questionnaire. In the second and third rounds, the stakeholders assessed the importance of the learning goals that emerged from the first round by rating and ranking them, respectively. The outcome of the study is a hierarchical list of the ten most important learning goals of PDPs at particle physics laboratories. The stakeholders identified enhancing teachers’ knowledge of scientific concepts and models and enhancing their knowledge of the curricula as the most important learning goals. Furthermore, the results show strong agreement between all the stakeholder groups regarding the defined learning goals. Indeed, all groups ranked the learning goals by their perceived importance almost identically. These outcomes could help policymakers establish more specific policies for PDPs. Additionally, they provide PDP practitioners at science research institutions with a solid base for future research and planning endeavors.

The aim of the work is to present the interdisciplinary projects developed and funded by the Bulgarian Science Research Found. These projects are created in Departments of Archaeology, and Natural Sciences, New Bulgarian University in the period 2014–2019.

Carta al edior Senor editor, En el volumen 16 de RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte , se publico una importante investigacion que reporta la existencia de una correlacion negativa y estadisticamente significativa entre la frecuencia cardiaca media (FCM) y la diferencia de medias en porcentaje del tiempo de agotamiento en la prueba aerobica (Dif. % Tagot), en 15 corredores de montana, cuyos datos fueron analizados mediante las pruebas de significancia estadistica (p < 0,05) mediante el coeficiente de correlacion de Pearson (Landart, Camara, Urdampilleta, Santos-Concejero, Gomez, y Yanci., 2020). Otro estudio mas reciente en la presente revista reporto una diferencia significativa mediante la prueba t de student, el cual presento un mayor nivel en la medida fisica de la capacidad cardiorrespiratoria en el post-test en contraste al pre-test en 14 alumnos de educacion secundaria (Polo-Recuero, Moreno-Barrio y Ordonez-Dios, 2020), que evidencio un aumento del efecto de intervencion del estudio. ( Leer mas ) https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2021.06407 Referencias/references Abt, G.; Boreham, C.; Davison, G.; Jackson, R.; Nevill, A.; Wallace, E., & Williams, M. (2020). Power, precision, and sample size estimation in sport and exercise science research. Journal of Sports Sciences, 38 (17), 1933-1935. https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2020.1776002 Brydges, C. R. (2019). Effect size guidelines, sample size calculations, and statistical power in gerontology. Innovation in Aging, 3 (4), igz036. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz036 Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioural sciences. Hillsdale. NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Asociatess Correll, J.; Mellinger, C.; McClelland, G. H., & Judd, C. M. (2020). Avoid Cohen’s ‘Small’, ‘Medium’, and ‘Large’ for Power Analysis. Trends in Cognitive Sciences , 24 (3), 200-207. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tics.2019.12.009 Goss-Sampson, M. A. (2020). Bayesian Inference in JASP: A Guide for Students. University of Amsterdam: JASP team. http://dx.doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/CKNXM Greenland, S.; Senn, S. J.; Rothman, K. J.; Carlin, J. B.; Poole, C.; Goodman, S. N., & Altman, D. G. (2016). Statistical tests, P values, confidence intervals, and power: a guide to misinterpretations. European journal of epidemiology, 31 (4), 337-350. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10654-016-0149-3 Harrison, A. J.; McErlain-Naylor, S. A.; Bradshaw, E. J.; Dai, B., Nunome, H., Hughes, G. T., ... & Fong, D. T. (2020). Recommendations for statistical analysis involving null hypothesis significance testing. Sports Biomechanics, 19 (5), 561-568. https://doi.org/10.1080/14763141.2020.1782555 Jeffreys, H. (1961). Theory of probability (3ra ed.). Oxford, England: Oxford University Press. Landart, A.; Camara, J.; Urdampilleta, A.; Santos-Concejero, J.; Gomez, J., y Yanci, J. (2020). Analisis de la fatiga neuromuscular y cardiovascular tras disputar una maraton de montana. RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte, 16 (59), 43-56. https://doi.org/10.5232/ricyde2020.05904 Lenhard, W., & Lenhard, A. (2016). Calculation of Effect Sizes. Disponible en: https://www.psychometrica.de/effect_size.html. Dettelbach (Germany): Psychometrica. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.17823.92329 Ly, A.; Raj, A.; Etz, A.; Gronau, Q. F., & Wagenmakers, E.J. (2018). Bayesian reanalyses from summary statistics: a guide for academic consumers. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 1 (3), 367-374. Recuperado de: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/2515245918779348 Kelter, R. (2020). Bayesian alternatives to null hypothesis significance testing in biomedical research: a non-technical introduction to Bayesian inference with JASP. BMC Medical Research Methodology , 20 , 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-020-00980-6 Kinney, A. R.; Eakman, A. M., & Graham, J. E. (2020). Novel Effect Size Interpretation Guidelines and an Evaluation of Statistical Power in Rehabilitation Research. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation. 101 (12), 2219-2226. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apmr.2020.02.017 Marsman, M., & Wagenmakers, E. J. (2017). Bayesian benefits with JASP. European Journal of Developmental Psychology, 14 (5), 545-555. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2016.1259614 Polo-Recuero, B.; Moreno-Barrio, A., y Ordonez-Dios, A. (2020). Lecciones activas: estrategia para aumentar la actividad fisica de los escolares durante la jornada lectiva. RICYDE. 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Background: Driven by factors such as digitization and rapid technological change, many contemporary organizations adopt a service orientation to sustain competitiveness and to improve their value propositions to customers. In doing so, organizations typically engage in collaborative service ecosystems to co-create value and exchange services, and conceptualize such collaborations using business models. The resulting models should be evaluated to support the development of service ecosystems and their long-term viability. Despite academic efforts on the evaluation of traditional, organizationcentric business models, limited research is present supporting the evaluation of service-dominant business models, taking into account their key characteristics, such as service exchange and value co-creation in business networks.Method: Following a design science research methodology, we have iteratively designed a method addressing the qualitative evaluation of service-dominant business models, building on and integrating the theory on service-dominant logic, business model design and business model evaluation. To structure the steps of the design process, we leverage a situational method engineering approach, following a paradigm-based strategy. To evaluate the validity and utility our method, we have applied it to a real-life business case in the mobility domain, involving eight industry stakeholders in the process.Results: The method constitutes a set of guiding questions and a procedural description of their use, addressing the evaluation concerns of feasibility, viability, structural validity and robustness with respect to the service-dominant business model. The results of the evaluation demonstrate that the use of the method facilitates users to reflect qualitatively on design decision with respect the business model design and offers insights on its expected performance.Conclusions: This work contributes to extant research on service systems engineering and the instantiation of service-dominant logic, clarifying how service ecosystems can be evaluated through the business model concept and explicating how business models are impacted through service-dominant logic.

The mouse is the most important mammalian model in life science research and the behavior of the mouse is a key read-out of experimental interventions and genetic manipulations. To serve this purpose a solid understanding of the mouse normal behavior is a prerequisite. Using 14–19 months of cumulative 24/7 home-cage activity recorded with a non-intrusive technique, evidence is here provided for a highly significant circannual oscillation in spontaneous activity (1–2 SD of the mean, on average 65% higher during peak of highs than lows; P = 7E−50) of male and female C57BL/6 mice held under constant conditions. The periodicity of this hitherto not recognized oscillation is in the range of 2–4 months (average estimate was 97 days across cohorts of cages). It off-sets responses to environmental stimuli and co-varies with the feeding behavior but does not significantly alter the preference for being active during the dark hours. The absence of coordination of this rhythmicity between cages with mice or seasons of the year suggest that the oscillation of physical activity is generated by a free-running intrinsic oscillator devoid of external timer. Due to the magnitude of this rhythmic variation it may be a serious confounder in experiments on mice if left unrecognized.

Background Nutrition plays a major role in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular and other chronic diseases; hence, nutrition research is a priority for the National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (NHLBI). The purpose of this analysis is to describe the scope of NHLBI-funded extramural nutrition research grants over the past decade and offer insights into future opportunities for nutrition research relevant to NHLBI's mission. Methods Data were extracted using the Research, Condition, and Disease Categorization spending categories from the publicly available NIH Research Portfolio Online Reporting Tool Expenditures and Results. New 2018 and 2019 grants were coded into categories and mapped to the 2016 NHLBI Strategic Vision priorities. Results Approximately 90% of nutrition research funds supported extramural grants, particularly through investigator-initiated R series grants (69.6%). Of these, 19.8% were classified as clinical trials. Consistent nutrition-related topics, including physical activity, weight loss, fatty acids, metabolic syndrome, childhood obesity, and other topics such as gut microbiota, arterial stiffness, sleep duration, and meal timing, emerged in 2014-2019. Mapping of the NHLBI Strategic Vision objectives revealed that 32% of newly funded grants focused on pathobiological mechanisms important to the onset and progression of heart, lung, blood, and sleep disorders, with opportunities including developing novel diagnostic and therapeutic strategies and clinical and implementation science research. Discussion The findings show the breadth of NHLBI-funded nutrition research and highlight potential research opportunities for nutrition scientists.

This article provides conceptual ideas, data, and exercises, for integrating original sources of recent, state of the art, world class life science research in the undergraduate mathematics curricu...

A goal of the New Zealand Curriculum is to equip students with the skills needed to use science critically and responsibly as citizens. One method of achieving this is through the participation in citizen science. Measuring the learning outcomes of citizen science experiences therefore, is important to ensure that development of science learning and understanding is occurring while meeting the goals of the science research. Many smaller citizen science projects are not able to develop their own evaluations due to the time and cost required to do so. The DEVISE set of citizen science evaluation instruments present a potential solution to this. Here we used the “DEVISE Skills of Science Inquiry” to measure science skill growth in high school students after participation in the citizen science project Shark Spy. Shark Spy is a collaborative citizen science project were participants take part in each step of the scientific process (introduction, methods, analysis, results, discussion) in collecting information on coastal shark species. Using the Skills of Science Inquiry participants reported that they had developed a better understanding of using science skills to observe, gather, interpret and discuss information. Owing to the structure of the evaluation it is possible to analyse skill development at different difficulty levels, as well as highlight areas of weakness within a citizen science project.