Search

International audience; With the development of plant metabolomics, projects like the 10,000 plants genome sequencing project and the growth of other omics, the amount of data describing plant metabolism has never been so big. Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) are widely used to integrate and study the available information, and to better understand global responses to metabolic changes.In the first part of this chapter, we will focus on the existing plant GEMs, their history, and the biological questions associated with their reconstruction. Those GEMs were initially reconstructed based on cell suspension systems, but current reconstructions are widely focused on multiorgans and multitissues models, requiring some model integration.Model integration is the focus of the second part of this chapter, with the study of biotic interactions with the integration of GEMs coming from plant-interacting microorganisms and their host plants, modeling either pathogenic and symbiotic interactions. Emphasis will be placed on modeling quantitative interaction between plants and microorganisms.Finally, the third part of this chapter describes how the visualization of networks could be used to improve the understanding of the models and the integration of different omics data, and how good representation of metabolic networks can help the user to perform diverse tasks and put knowledge in context.

Solid-state NMR and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations are presented to help elucidate the molecular secondary structure of poly(Gly-Gly-X), which is one of the most common structural repetitive motifs found in orb-weaving dragline spider silk proteins. The combination of NMR and computational experiments provides insight into the molecular secondary structure of poly(Gly-Gly-X) segments and provides further support that these regions are disordered and primarily non-β-sheet. Furthermore, the combination of NMR and MD simulations illustrate the possibility for several secondary structural elements in the poly(Gly-Gly-X) regions of dragline silks, including β-turns, 310-helicies, and coil structures with a negligible population of α-helix observed.

Use of germanium as a storage medium combined with a high-k dielectric tunneling oxide is of interest for non-volatile memory applications. The device structure consists of a thin HfO2 tunneling oxide with a Ge layer either in the form of continuous layer or discrete nanocrystals and relatively thicker SiO2 layer functioning as a control oxide. In this work, we studied interface properties and formation kinetics in SiO2/Ge/HfO2(Ge) multilayer structure during deposition and annealing. This material structure was fabricated by magnetron sputtering and studied by depth profiling with XPS and by Raman spectroscopy. It was observed that Ge atoms penetrate into HfO2 layer during the deposition and segregate out with annealing. This is related to the low solubility of Ge in HfO2 which is observed in other oxides as well. Therefore, Ge out diffusion might be an advantage in forming well controlled floating gate on top of HfO2. In addition we observed the Ge oxidation at the interfaces, where HfSiOx formation is also detected. © 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved., TÜBİTAK; Chalmers University of Technology

International audience

International audience; Multilingual education is receiving remarkable attention in language policy planning efforts of many countries, and aiming at providing culturally responsive education. French Polynesia, which is an overseas territory of France, represents a fine example for its efforts towards maintaining and revaluing multilingual education. The foreign and local language teaching initiative in French Polynesian primary education is the extension of the early childhood foreign and regional language education policy started in the 2000s in France. The first part of this paper describes the French Polynesian educational context and the second part provides a succinct review of the research activities conducted on multilingual practices at French Polynesian elementary schools. The final part discusses the forthcoming research activities and further directions in multilingual education projects in French Polynesia.

The role of repeated maladaptive relationship patterns established early in life has been widely studied with the goal of understanding the various factors and processes that contribute to and occur during development and psychological adaptation. The effects of maladaptive patterns have also been studied with regard to the goal of guiding interventions. The present article is intended to highlight the contribution of Career Construction Theory (CCT) for the integration of the concept of maladaptive repetition into the theory and practice of career counseling. It begins with a constructivist conceptualization of maladaptive repetition and proceeds to situate this concept within the contexts of both CCT and the constructivist conception of career indecision. The article then presents a case study, discusses difficulties that arise during career decision-making, and analyzes the maladaptive cycle rupture considering the client's perspective about her transformation.

International audience; The ρ-calculus generalises term rewriting and the λ-calculus by defining abstractions on arbitrary patterns and by using a pattern-matching algorithm which is a parameter of the calculus. In particular, equational theories that do not have unique principal solutions may be used. In the latter case, all the principal solutions of a matching problem are stored in a “structure” that can also be seen as a collection of terms. Motivated by the fact that there are various approaches to the definition of structures in the ρ-calculus, we study in this paper a version of the λ-calculus with term collections. The contributions of this work include a new syntax and operational semantics for a λ-calculus with term collections, which is related to the λ-calculi with strict parallel functions studied by Boudol and Dezani et al. and a proof of the confluence of the β-reduction relation defined for the calculus (which is a suitable extension of the standard rule of β-reduction in the λ-calculus).

4 pages; International audience; This article describes the modeling of a microsensor node for wireless sensor network applications. Considering the heterogeneous aspect of a sensor node, the developed model allows comparing different node configurations in order to make the best choice of components according to the specifications of the application. Therefore, our model allows identifying the need to design specific element or to use Components Of the Shelf.