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7. COVID-19–Related Thrombotic and Bleeding Events in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Author

Fusco, Flavia, Krasuski, Richard A., Sadeghi, Soraya, Rosenbaum, Marlon S., Lewis, Matthew J., Carazo, Matthew R., Rodriguez, Fred H., 3rd, Halpern, Dan G., Feinberg, Jodi L., Galilea, Francisca A., Baraona, Fernando, Cedars, Ari M., Ko, Jong M., Porayette, Prashob, Maldonado, Jennifer R., Frogoudaki, Alexandra A., Nir, Amiram, Chaudhry, Anisa, John, Anitha S., Karbassi, Arsha, Ganame, Javier, Hoskoppal, Arvind, Frischhertz, Benjamin P., Hendrickson, Benjamin, Rodriguez-Monserrate, Carla P., Broda, Christopher R., Tobler, Daniel, Gregg, David, Martinez-Quintana, Efrén, Yeung, Elizabeth, Krieger, Eric V., Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco J., Giannakoulas, George, Lui, George K., Ephrem, Georges, Singh, Harsimran S., Hasan, Almeneisi, Bartlett, Heather L., Lindsay, Ian, Grewal, Jasmine, Nicolarsen, Jeremy, Araujo, John J., Cramer, Jonathan W., Bouchardy, Judith, Al Najashi, Khalid, Ryan, Kristi, Alshawabkeh, Laith, Andrade, Lauren, Ladouceur, Magalie, Schwerzmann, Markus, Greutmann, Matthias, Merás, Pablo, Ferrero, Paolo, Dehghani, Payam, Tung, Poyee P., Garcia-Orta, Rocio, Tompkins, Rose, Gendi, Salwa M., Cohen, Scott, Klewer, Scott E., Hascoet, Sebastien, Upadhyay, Shailendra, Fisher, Stacy D., Cook, Stephen, Cotts, Timothy B., Kovacs, Adrienne H., Aboulhosn, Jamil A., Scognamiglio, Giancarlo, Broberg, Craig S., and Sarubbi, Berardo

Published
2023
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8. Determinants of Advanced Liver Fibrosis in Adult Patients After Fontan Palliation: Usefulness of Ultrasound Transient Elastography

Author

Bütikofer, Simon, Greutmann-Yantiri, Mehtap, Gubler, Christoph, Reiner, Cecilia, Alkadhi, Hatem, Pfammatter, Thomas, Puippe, Gilbert, Santos Lopes, Bruno, Possner, Mathias, Bonassin, Francesca, Meier, Lukas, Babic, Daniela, Attenhofer Jost, Christine, Jüngst, Christoph, Müllhaupt, Beat, Bernsmeier, Christine, Schwerzmann, Markus, Tobler, Daniel, Lenggenhager, Daniela, Marques Maggio, Ewerton, and Greutmann, Matthias

Published
2023
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9. The coronavirus disease pandemic among adult congenital heart disease patients and the lessons learnt – results of a prospective multicenter european registry

Author

Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier, Baumgartner, Helmut, Bouma, Berto, Bouchardy, Judith, Budts, Werner, Campens, Laurence, Chessa, Massimo, Jesús del Cerro Marin, Maria, Gabriel, Harald, Gallego, Pastora, González, Elvira Ana, Jensen, Annette Schophuus, Ladouceur, Magalie, Lockhart, Christopher, Miranda-Barrio, Berta, Morissens, Marielle, Escobar, Eduardo Moreno, Pasquet, Agnès, Soriano, Joaquin Rueda, Elise van den Bosch, Annemien, Berdina van der Zwaan, Heleen, Tobler, Daniel, Greutmann, Matthias, and Schwerzmann, Markus

Published
2023
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10. Prognostic Value and Determinants of High‐Sensitivity Cardiac Troponin T in Patients With a Systemic Right Ventricle: Insights From the SERVE Trial

Author

Ruperti‐Repilado, Francisco Javier, primary, Tran, Fabian, additional, Haaf, Philip, additional, Lopez‐Ayala, Pedro, additional, Greutmann, Matthias, additional, Schwerzmann, Markus, additional, Bouchardy, Judith, additional, Gabriel, Harald, additional, Stambach, Dominik, additional, Rutz, Tobias, additional, Schwitter, Juerg, additional, Wustmann, Kerstin, additional, Freese, Michael, additional, Mueller, Christian, additional, and Tobler, Daniel, additional

Published
2024
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11. COVID-19 in Adults With Congenital Heart Disease

Author

Broberg, Craig S., Kovacs, Adrienne H., Sadeghi, Soraya, Rosenbaum, Marlon S., Lewis, Matthew J., Carazo, Matthew R., Rodriguez, Fred H., III, Halpern, Dan G., Feinberg, Jodi, Galilea, Francisca Arancibia, Baraona, Fernando, Cedars, Ari M., Ko, Jong M., Porayette, Prashob, Maldonado, Jennifer, Sarubbi, Berardo, Fusco, Flavia, Frogoudaki, Alexandra A., Nir, Amiram, Chaudhry, Anisa, John, Anitha S., Karbassi, Arsha, Hoskoppal, Arvind K., Frischhertz, Benjamin P., Hendrickson, Benjamin, Bouma, Berto J., Rodriguez-Monserrate, Carla P., Broda, Christopher R., Tobler, Daniel, Gregg, David, Martinez-Quintana, Efren, Yeung, Elizabeth, Krieger, Eric V., Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco J., Giannakoulas, George, Lui, George K., Ephrem, Georges, Singh, Harsimran S., Almeneisi, Hassan MK., Bartlett, Heather L., Lindsay, Ian, Grewal, Jasmine, Nicolarsen, Jeremy, Araujo, John J., Cramer, Jonathan W., Bouchardy, Judith, Al Najashi, Khalid, Ryan, Kristi, Alshawabkeh, Laith, Andrade, Lauren, Ladouceur, Magalie, Schwerzmann, Markus, Greutmann, Matthias, Meras, Pablo, Ferrero, Paolo, Dehghani, Payam, Tung, Poyee P., Garcia-Orta, Rocio, Tompkins, Rose O., Gendi, Salwa M., Cohen, Scott, Klewer, Scott, Hascoet, Sebastien, Mohammadzadeh, Shabnam, Upadhyay, Shailendra, Fisher, Stacy D., Cook, Stephen, Cotts, Timothy B., and Aboulhosn, Jamil A.

Published
2021
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12. Impact of pulmonary valve replacement on ventricular function and cardiac events in patients with tetralogy of Fallot. A retrospective cohort study

Author

Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-0402, Haag, Nora, Fischer, Thomas, Lopes, Bruno Santos, Meier, Lukas, Wustmann, Kerstin, Bonassin, Francesca, Jost, Christine Attenhofer, Schwitz, Fabienne, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, Tobler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3196, von Felten, Stefanie; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-6394, Greutmann, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-6108, Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-0402, Haag, Nora, Fischer, Thomas, Lopes, Bruno Santos, Meier, Lukas, Wustmann, Kerstin, Bonassin, Francesca, Jost, Christine Attenhofer, Schwitz, Fabienne, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, Tobler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3196, von Felten, Stefanie; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5264-6394, and Greutmann, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-6108

Abstract

INTRODUCTION AND OBJECTIVES Our aim was to assess the impact of prosthetic pulmonary valve replacement (PVR) in patients with repaired tetralogy of Fallot (rTOF) on changes in biventricular volumes and function and on adverse cardiac events. METHODS Adults with rTOF were identified from the SACHER-registry. Data from serial cardiac magnetic resonance imaging, echocardiography, exercise capacity and n-terminal pro b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) were collected. The primary endpoint was right ventricular ejection fraction (RVEF) as measured by cardiac magnetic resonance. Secondary endpoints were biventricular volumes, left ventricular ejection fraction, exercise capacity and NT-proBNP levels, and time to adverse cardiac outcomes (atrial and ventricular arrhythmia, endocarditis). Associations between previous PVR and longitudinal changes in functional outcomes and time to adverse cardiac outcomes were analyzed using linear mixed-effects models and Cox proportional hazards models, respectively. RESULTS A total of 308 patients (153 with and 155 without PVR) with 887 study visits were analyzed. Previous PVR was not significantly associated with changes in RVEF (CE, --1.33; 95%CI, -5.87 to 3.21; P = .566). Previous PVR was associated with lower right ventricular end-diastolic volume but had no significant effect on left ventricular ejection fraction, exercise capacity, or NT-proBNP-levels. Previous PVR was associated with an increased hazard of atrial arrhythmias (HR, 2.09; 95%CI, 1.17-3.72; P = .012) and infective endocarditis (HR, 12.72; 95%CI, 4.69-34.49; P < .0001) but not with an increased hazard of sustained ventricular arrhythmias (HR, 0.64; 95%CI, 0.18-2.27; P = .490). CONCLUSIONS Previous PVR was not significantly associated with changes in RVEF but was associated with an increased risk of atrial arrhythmias and infective endocarditis.

Published
2024

14. t1mapping Predicts Outcome in Patients with Systemic Right Ventricles

Author

Burdet, Odile, primary, Burkhardt, Barbara, additional, Wustmann, Kerstin, additional, Callaghan, Fraser M., additional, Valsangiacomo Büchel, Emanuela R., additional, Vallée, Jean-Paul, additional, Bouchardy, Judith, additional, Greutmann, Matthias, additional, Schwerzmann, Markus, additional, Gabriel, Harald, additional, Stambach, Dominik, additional, Tobler, Daniel, additional, Schwitter, Juerg, additional, and Rutz, Tobias, additional

Published
2024
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15. t1mapping in Patients with a Systemic Right Ventricle: A Multicentric Study

Author

Burdet, Odile, primary, Burkhardt, Barbara, additional, Wustmann, Kerstin, additional, Callaghan, Fraser M., additional, Valsangiacomo Büchel, Emanuela R., additional, Vallée, Jean-Paul, additional, Bouchardy, Judith, additional, Greutmann, Matthias, additional, Schwerzmann, Markus, additional, Gabriel, Harald, additional, Stambach, Dominik, additional, Tobler, Daniel, additional, Schwitter, Juerg, additional, and Rutz, Tobias, additional

Published
2024
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19. Decreased clinical performance in TGA-ASO patients after RVOT interventions; a multicenter European collaboration

Author

Engele, Leo J., González-Fernández, Víctor, Mulder, Barbara J.M., Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier, Abia, Raquel Ladrón, van der Vlist, Kim, Buendía, Francisco, Rueda, Joaquin, Gabriel, Harald, Schrutka, Lore, Bouchardy, Judith, Schwerzmann, Markus, Possner, Mathias, Greutmann, Matthias, Gallego, Pastora, Ladouceur, Magalie, Jongbloed, Monique R.M., Tobler, Daniel, Dos, Laura, and Bouma, Berto J.

Published
2024
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20. Ebstein Anomaly

Author

Girnius, Andrea, Veldtman, Gruschen, Warshak, Carri R., Schwerzmann, Markus, Chessa, Massimo, Series editor, Baumgartner, Helmut, Series editor, Eicken, Andreas, Series editor, Giamberti, Alessandro, Series editor, Roos-Hesselink, Jolien W., editor, and Johnson, Mark R., editor

Published
2017
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21. Arrhythmias and Clinical Outcomes in a Swiss Multicenter Cohort of Patients With Dextro‐Transposition of the Great Arteries and Atrial Switch

Author

Nozica, Nikolas, primary, Asatryan, Babken, additional, Aur, Stefania, additional, Clement, Judith Bouchardy, additional, Schwerzmann, Markus, additional, Guan, Fu, additional, Pascale, Patrizio, additional, Gass, Matthias, additional, Duru, Firat, additional, Reichlin, Tobias, additional, Pruvot, Etienne, additional, Wolber, Thomas, additional, and Roten, Laurent, additional

Published
2023
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23. Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition with Tadalafil on SystEmic Right VEntricular size and function – A multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial – SERVE trial - Rational and design

Author

Tobler, Daniel, Bouchardy, Judith, Reto, Engel, Heg, Dik, Müller, Christian, Frenk, André, Gabriel, Harald, Schwitter, Jürg, Rutz, Tobias, Buechel, Ronny R., Willhelm, Matthias, Trachsel, Lukas, Freese, Michael, Greutmann, Matthias, and Schwerzmann, Markus

Published
2017
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26. Arrhythmias and Clinical Outcomes in a Swiss Multicenter Cohort of Patients With Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries and Atrial Switch

Author

Nozica, Nikolas, Asatryan, Babken, Aur, Stefania, Clement, Judith Bouchardy, Schwerzmann, Markus, Guan, Fu, Pascale, Patrizio, Gass, Matthias, Duru, Firat, Reichlin, Tobias, Pruvot, Etienne, Wolber, Thomas, and Roten, Laurent

Subjects
610 Medicine & health
Abstract

Background Data on the incidence of arrhythmias, associated cardiac interventions, and outcome in patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch are scarce. Methods and Results In this multicenter analysis, we included adult patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch regularly followed up at 3 Swiss tertiary care hospitals. The primary outcome was a composite of left ventricular assist device, heart transplantation, and death. The secondary outcome was occurrence of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or sudden cardiac death. We identified 207 patients (34% women; median age at last follow-up, 35 years) with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch. Arrhythmias occurred in 97 patients (47%) at a median age of 22 years. A pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was implanted in 39 (19%) and 13 (6%) patients, respectively, and 33 (16%) patients underwent a total of 51 ablation procedures to target 60 intra-atrial re-entry tachycardias, 4 atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardias, and 1 atrial fibrillation. The primary outcome occurred in 21 patients (10%), and the secondary outcome occurred in 18 patients (9%); both were more common in patients with concomitant ventricular septum defect than in those without (hazard ratio [HR], 3.06 [95% CI, 1.29-7.27], P=0.011; and HR, 3.62 [95% CI, 1.43-9.18], P=0.007, respectively). Conclusions In patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch reaching adulthood, arrhythmias occur in almost half of patients, and associated rhythm interventions are frequent. One-tenth of those patients do not survive until the age of 35 years free from left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation, and the outcome is worse in patients with concomitant ventricular septum defect.

Published
2023

27. Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on SystEmic Right VEntricular size and function - A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial - SERVE

Author

Greutmann, Matthias, Tobler, Daniel, Engel, Reto, Heg, Dik, Mueller, Christian, Frenk, André, Gabriel, Harald, Rutz, Tobias, Buechel, Ronny R, Willhelm, Matthias, Trachsel, Lukas, Freese, Michael, Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier, Valsangiacomo Buechel, Emanuela, Beitzke, Dietrich, Haaf, Philip, Wustmann, Kerstin, Schwitz, Fabienne, Possner, Mathias, Schwitter, Juerg, Bouchardy, Judith, Schwerzmann, Markus, SERVE Investigators, University of Zurich, and Greutmann, Matthias

Subjects
610 Medicine & health, 10181 Clinic for Nuclear Medicine, 2705 Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Published
2023

28. Guía ESC 2020 para el tratamiento de las cardiopatías congénitas del adulto

Author

Baumgartner, Helmut, De Backer, Julie, Babu-Narayan, Sonya V., Budts, Werner, Chessa, Massimo, Diller, Gerhard-Paul, Iung, Bernard, Kluin, Jolanda, Lang, Irene M., Meijboom, Folkert, Moons, Philip, Mulder, Barbara J.M., Oechslin, Erwin, Roos-Hesselink, Jolien W., Schwerzmann, Markus, Sondergaard, Lars, Zeppenfeld, Katja, Ernst, Sabine, Ladouceur, Magalie, Aboyans, Victor, Alexander, David, Christodorescu, Ruxandra, Corrado, Domenico, D’Alto, Michele, de Groot, Natasja, Delgado, Victoria, Di Salvo, Giovanni, Dos Subira, Laura, Eicken, Andreas, Fitzsimons, Donna, Frogoudaki, Alexandra A., Gatzoulis, Michael, Heymans, Stephane, Hörer, Jürgen, Houyel, Lucile, Jondeau, Guillaume, Katus, Hugo A., Landmesser, Ulf, Lewis, Basil S., Lyon, Alexander, Mueller, Christian E., Mylotte, Darren, Petersen, Steffen E., Petronio, Anna Sonia, Roffi, Marco, Rosenhek, Raphael, Shlyakhto, Evgeny, Simpson, Iain A., Sousa-Uva, Miguel, Torp-Pedersen, Christian Tobias, Touyz, Rhian M., and Van De Bruaene, Alexander

Published
2021
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29. Arrhythmias and Clinical Outcomes in a Swiss Multicenter Cohort of Patients With Dextro-Transposition of the Great Arteries and Atrial Switch

Author

Nozica, Nikolas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-8928, Asatryan, Babken; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-5717, Aur, Stefania, Clement, Judith Bouchardy; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-288X, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, Guan, Fu; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-4201, Pascale, Patrizio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7328-2481, Gass, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-1745, Duru, Firat; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-0158, Reichlin, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7197-8415, Pruvot, Etienne; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-9285, Wolber, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9143-5530, Roten, Laurent; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-1329, Nozica, Nikolas; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9686-8928, Asatryan, Babken; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0050-5717, Aur, Stefania, Clement, Judith Bouchardy; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0149-288X, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, Guan, Fu; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1832-4201, Pascale, Patrizio; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7328-2481, Gass, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5875-1745, Duru, Firat; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4748-0158, Reichlin, Tobias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7197-8415, Pruvot, Etienne; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1386-9285, Wolber, Thomas; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9143-5530, and Roten, Laurent; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0827-1329

Abstract

Background Data on the incidence of arrhythmias, associated cardiac interventions, and outcome in patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch are scarce. Methods and Results In this multicenter analysis, we included adult patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch regularly followed up at 3 Swiss tertiary care hospitals. The primary outcome was a composite of left ventricular assist device, heart transplantation, and death. The secondary outcome was occurrence of ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, or sudden cardiac death. We identified 207 patients (34% women; median age at last follow-up, 35 years) with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch. Arrhythmias occurred in 97 patients (47%) at a median age of 22 years. A pacemaker or an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator was implanted in 39 (19%) and 13 (6%) patients, respectively, and 33 (16%) patients underwent a total of 51 ablation procedures to target 60 intra-atrial re-entry tachycardias, 4 atrioventricular nodal re-entry tachycardias, and 1 atrial fibrillation. The primary outcome occurred in 21 patients (10%), and the secondary outcome occurred in 18 patients (9%); both were more common in patients with concomitant ventricular septum defect than in those without (hazard ratio [HR], 3.06 [95% CI, 1.29-7.27], P=0.011; and HR, 3.62 [95% CI, 1.43-9.18], P=0.007, respectively). Conclusions In patients with dextro-transposition of the great arteries and atrial switch reaching adulthood, arrhythmias occur in almost half of patients, and associated rhythm interventions are frequent. One-tenth of those patients do not survive until the age of 35 years free from left ventricular assist device or heart transplantation, and the outcome is worse in patients with concomitant ventricular septum defect.

Published
2023

30. Determinants of advanced liver fibrosis in adult patients after Fontan-palliation: Usefulness of ultrasound transient elastography

Author

Bütikofer, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-122X, Greutmann-Yantiri, Mehtap, Gubler, Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-8069, Reiner, Cecilia, Alkadhi, Hatem; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2581-2166, Pfammatter, Thomas, Puippe, Gilbert; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2885-8047, Santos Lopes, Bruno, Possner, Mathias, Bonassin, Francesca, Meier, Lukas, Babic, Daniela, Attenhofer Jost, Christine, Jüngst, Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5048-390X, Müllhaupt, Beat; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-8192, Bernsmeier, Christine; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-0503, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, Tobler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3196, Lenggenhager, Daniela; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-9854, Marques Maggio, Ewerton, Greutmann, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-6108, Bütikofer, Simon; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9759-122X, Greutmann-Yantiri, Mehtap, Gubler, Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0426-8069, Reiner, Cecilia, Alkadhi, Hatem; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2581-2166, Pfammatter, Thomas, Puippe, Gilbert; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2885-8047, Santos Lopes, Bruno, Possner, Mathias, Bonassin, Francesca, Meier, Lukas, Babic, Daniela, Attenhofer Jost, Christine, Jüngst, Christoph; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5048-390X, Müllhaupt, Beat; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9020-8192, Bernsmeier, Christine; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5558-0503, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, Tobler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3196, Lenggenhager, Daniela; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-9854, Marques Maggio, Ewerton, and Greutmann, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-6108

Abstract

BACKGROUND Fontan-associated liver disease is an increasing concern. Our aim was to assess prevalence and predictors of advanced liver fibrosis with a specific focus on utility of liver stiffness measurement by ultrasound transient elastography. METHODS 97 adult Fontan-patients (55% males, median age: 23.1 years, IQR: 18.7-30.6), 92 (95%) were evaluated with transient elastography and 50 (52%) underwent transjugular liver biopsy. Advanced liver fibrosis was defined as congestive hepatic fibrosis score 3 or 4. RESULTS Only four patients (4%) had liver stiffness values <10kPa. Liver stiffness measurements correlated weakly with peak oxygen uptake on exercise testing and Fontan-pressure but not with Model for End-stage Liver Disease excluding INR (MELD-XI)-score or spleen size. Serial follow-up liver stiffness measurements in 73 clinically stable patients showed large variability among individual patients. Advanced liver fibrosis was present in 35/50 (70%) patients on liver biopsy and was associated to MELD-XI-Score ≥11 and splenomegaly but not to liver stiffness measurements. Advanced liver fibrosis was not associated with patient age or time since Fontan-operation but with younger age at Fontan-completion (3.7 years, IQR: 2.3-6.3 versus 6.8 years, IQR: 3.5-12.1, p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS In our cohort, advanced liver fibrosis was present in the majority of adult Fontan-patients. Liver stiffness as measured by transient elastography was not associated with the degree of liver fibrosis. Due to its high variability on serial measurements it seems not to be useful for clinical decision-making. The unexpected finding that younger age at Fontan-completion was associated with advanced liver fibrosis merits further evaluation.

Published
2023

31. Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on SystEmic Right VEntricular size and function - A multicentre, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial - SERVE

Author

Greutmann, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-6108, Tobler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3196, Engel, Reto, Heg, Dik, Mueller, Christian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-6405, Frenk, André, Gabriel, Harald, Rutz, Tobias, Buechel, Ronny R; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-8904, Willhelm, Matthias, Trachsel, Lukas, Freese, Michael, Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-0402, Valsangiacomo Buechel, Emanuela, Beitzke, Dietrich; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-3827, Haaf, Philip; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-6637, Wustmann, Kerstin, Schwitz, Fabienne, Possner, Mathias, Schwitter, Juerg, Bouchardy, Judith, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, SERVE Investigators, Greutmann, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-6108, Tobler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3196, Engel, Reto, Heg, Dik, Mueller, Christian; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-6405, Frenk, André, Gabriel, Harald, Rutz, Tobias, Buechel, Ronny R; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8064-8904, Willhelm, Matthias, Trachsel, Lukas, Freese, Michael, Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-0402, Valsangiacomo Buechel, Emanuela, Beitzke, Dietrich; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3179-3827, Haaf, Philip; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5657-6637, Wustmann, Kerstin, Schwitz, Fabienne, Possner, Mathias, Schwitter, Juerg, Bouchardy, Judith, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, and SERVE Investigators

Abstract

AIMS In adults with congenital heart disease and systemic right ventricles, progressive right ventricular systolic dysfunction is common and is associated with adverse outcomes. Our aim was to assess the impact of the phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor tadalafil on right ventricular systolic function. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multicentre superiority trial (NCT03049540) involving 100 adults with systemic right ventricles (33 women, mean age: 40.7 ± 10.7 years), comparing tadalafil 20 mg once daily versus placebo (1:1 ratio). The primary endpoint was the change in right ventricular end-systolic volume after 3 years of therapy. Secondary endpoints were changes in right ventricular ejection fraction, exercise capacity and N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration. Primary endpoint assessment by intention to treat analysis at 3 years of follow-up was possible in 83 patients (42 patients in the tadalafil group and 41 patients in the placebo group). No significant changes over time in right ventricular end-systolic volumes were observed in the tadalafil and the placebo group, and no significant differences between treatment groups (3.4 ml, 95% confidence interval -4.3 to 11.0, p = 0.39). No significant changes over time were observed for the pre-specified secondary endpoints for the entire study population, without differences between the tadalafil and the placebo group. CONCLUSIONS In this trial in adults with systemic right ventricles, right ventricular systolic function, exercise capacity and neuro-hormonal activation remained stable over a 3-year follow-up period. No significant treatment effect of tadalafil was observed. Further research is needed to find effective treatment for improvement of ventricular function in adults with systemic right ventricles.

Published
2023

34. Contributors

Author

Alexander, David, primary, Alghamdi, Abdullah A., additional, Alonso-Gonzalez, Rafael, additional, Ammash, Naser M., additional, Angelini, Annalisa, additional, Armstrong, Iain, additional, Babu-Narayan, Sonya V., additional, Baggen, Vivan J.M., additional, Basso, Cristina, additional, Bédard, Elisabeth, additional, Benson, Lee N., additional, Boutsikou, Maria, additional, Broberg, Craig S., additional, Bruschke, Albert V.G., additional, Budts, Werner, additional, Caforio, Alida L.P., additional, Chaix, Marie, additional, Chaudhry, Anisa, additional, Chryssanthopoulos, Stavros, additional, Choudhary, Preeti, additional, Cokkinos, Dennis V., additional, Colman, Jack M., additional, Connelly, Michael S., additional, Corrado, Domenico, additional, Cox, Mark, additional, Cumming, Gordon, additional, Cumming, Marianne, additional, D’Alto, Michele, additional, Daubeney, Piers E.F., additional, Dayer, Mark J., additional, Deal, Barbara J., additional, Dearani, Joseph A., additional, Diller, Gerhard-Paul, additional, Dimopoulos, Konstantinos, additional, Dore, Annie, additional, Durbridge, Jacqueline, additional, Ellis, Alexander R., additional, Ernst, Sabine, additional, Ewert, Peter, additional, Fedrigo, Marny, additional, Finney, Simon J., additional, Franken, Romy, additional, Gatzoulis, Michael A., additional, Gewillig, Marc, additional, Giannakoulas, George, additional, Greutmann, Matthias, additional, Gu, Hong, additional, Hons (Cantab), Ankur Gulati B.A., additional, Harries, Carl, additional, Heggie, Jane, additional, Herijgers, Paul, additional, Ho, Siew Yen, additional, Holst, Kimberly, additional, Horlick, Eric, additional, Hornung, Tim, additional, Janousek, Jan, additional, Kaemmerer, Harald, additional, Kaski, Juan Pablo, additional, Kay, W. Aaron, additional, Khairy, Paul, additional, Khan, Abigail, additional, Kilner, Philip J., additional, Kovacs, Adrienne H., additional, Landzberg, Michael J., additional, Lazoura, Olga, additional, Li, Wei, additional, Lim, Eric, additional, Liodakis, Emmanouil, additional, Lopez-Guarch, Carmen J., additional, Luyckx, Koen, additional, Marelli, Ariane, additional, Martin, Elisabeth, additional, Mavroudis, Constantine, additional, Maxwell, Bryan, additional, McCrindle, Brian W., additional, McElhinney, Doff B., additional, Meijboom, Folkert J., additional, Mongeon, François-Pierre, additional, Montanaro, Claudia, additional, Monteiro, Roisin, additional, Moons, Philip, additional, Mulder, Barbara J.M., additional, Nicol, Edward, additional, Niwa, Koichiro, additional, Norrish, Gabrielle, additional, O’Donnell, Clare, additional, Oechslin, Erwin Notker, additional, Opotowsky, Alexander R., additional, Osten, Mark, additional, Patel, Mehul B., additional, Perloff, Joseph K., additional, Pigula, Frank A., additional, Pilichou, Kalliopi, additional, Poirier, Nancy, additional, Prasad, Sanjay Kumar, additional, Quail, Michael A., additional, Radojevic Liegeois, Jelena, additional, Redington, Andrew N., additional, Rigby, Michael L., additional, Rodés-Cabau, Josep, additional, Romfh, Anitra W., additional, Roos-Hesselink, Jolien W., additional, Rowsell, Suzanne, additional, Rubens, Michael B., additional, Sawaya, Fadi, additional, Schwerzmann, Markus, additional, Sheppard, Mary N., additional, Shore, Darryl F., additional, Singh, Harsimran S., additional, Somerville, Jane, additional, Søndergaard, Lars, additional, Spence, Mark S., additional, Steer, Philip J., additional, Swan, Lorna, additional, Szatmári, András, additional, Tateno, Shigeru, additional, Tayal, Upasana, additional, Thanopoulos, Basil D., additional, Therrien, Judith, additional, Thiene, Gaetano, additional, Thorne, Sara A., additional, Tobler, Daniel, additional, Triedman, John K., additional, Trindade, Pedro T., additional, Tutarel, Oktay, additional, Tweedie, Judith J, additional, Uebing, Anselm, additional, Uemura, Hideki, additional, Urbinelli, Lindsay, additional, Van Arsdell, Glen S., additional, Veldtman, Gruschen R., additional, Vliegen, Hubert W., additional, Voges, Inga, additional, Walker, Fiona, additional, Walsh, Edward P., additional, Ware, Stephanie M., additional, Webb, Gary D., additional, Webber, Steven A., additional, Wong, Tom, additional, and Yentis, Steve, additional

Published
2018
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36. The care of adults with congenital heart disease across the globe: Current assessment and future perspective: A position statement from the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD)

Author

Webb, Gary, Mulder, Barbara J., Aboulhosn, Jamil, Daniels, Curt J., Elizari, Maria Amalia, Hong, Gu, Horlick, Eric, Landzberg, Michael J., Marelli, Ariane J., O'Donnell, Clare P., Oechslin, Erwin N., Pearson, Dorothy D., Pieper, Els P.G., Saxena, Anita, Schwerzmann, Markus, Stout, Karen K., Warnes, Carole A., and Khairy, Paul

Published
2015
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37. Arrhythmic Burden of Adult Survivors With Repaired Total Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Connection

Author

Touray, Mariama, primary, Ladouceur, Magalie, additional, Bouchardy, Judith, additional, Schwerzmann, Markus, additional, Greutmann, Matthias, additional, Tobler, Daniel, additional, Engel, Reto, additional, Gabriel, Harald, additional, Pruvot, Etienne, additional, Blanche, Coralie, additional, Sekarski, Nicole, additional, and Rutz, Tobias, additional

Published
2022
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38. Effect of phosphodiesterase-5 inhibition on SystEmic Right VEntricular size and function - a multi-center, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial - SERVE

Author

Greutmann, Matthias, Tobler, Daniel, Engel, Reto, Heg, Dik, Mueller, Christian, Frenk, André, Gabriel, Harald, Rutz, Tobias, Buechel, Ronny R, Willhelm, Matthias, Trachsel, Lukas, Freese, Michael, Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier, Buechel, Emanuela Valsangiacomo, Beitzke, Dietrich, Haaf, Philip, Wustmann, Kerstin, Schwitz, Fabienne, Possner, Mathias, Schwitter, Juerg, Bouchardy, Judith, and Schwerzmann, Markus

Subjects
610 Medicine & health
Abstract

BACKGROUND AND AIMS In adults with congenital heart disease and systemic right ventricles, progressive right ventricular systolic dysfunction is common and is associated with adverse outcomes. Our aim was to assess the impact of the phosphodiesterase-5-inhibitor tadalafil on right ventricular systolic function. METHODS AND RESULTS This was a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center superiority trial (NCT03049540) involving 100 adults with systemic right ventricles (33 women, mean age: 40.7 years, SD 10.7), comparing tadalafil 20mg once daily versus placebo (1:1-ratio). Primary endpoint was the change in right ventricular endsystolic volume after three years of therapy. Secondary endpoints were changes in right ventricular ejection fraction, exercise capacity and NT-proBNP-concentration. Primary endpoint assessment by intention to treat analysis at three years of follow up was possible in 83 patients (42 patients in the tadalafil group and 41 patients in the placebo group). No significant changes over time in right ventricular endsystolic volumes were observed in the tadalafil and the placebo-group, and no significant differences between treatment groups (3.4ml, 95% CI, -4.3 to 11.0, p=0.39). No significant changes over time were observed for the pre-specified secondary endpoints for the entire study population, without differences between the tadalafil and the placebo-group. CONLCUSIONS In this trial in adults with systemic right ventricles, right ventricular systolic function, exercise capacity and neuro-hormonal activation remained stable over a three-year follow-up period. No significant treatment effect of tadalafil was observed. Further research is needed to find effective treatment for improvement of ventricular function in adults with systemic right ventricles. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2023
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39. Red Flags for Maltese Adults with Congenital Heart Disease: Poorer Dental Care and Less Sports Participation Compared to Other European Patients—An APPROACH-IS Substudy

Author

Caruana, Maryanne, Apers, Silke, Kovacs, Adrienne H., Luyckx, Koen, Thomet, Corina, Budts, Werner, Sluman, Maayke, Eriksen, Katrine, Dellborg, Mikael, Berghammer, Malin, Johansson, Bengt, Soufi, Alexandra, Callus, Edward, Moons, Philip, Grech, Victor, Alday, Luis, Maisuls, Héctor, Vega, Betina, Menahem, Samuel, Eaton, Sarah, Larion, Ruth, Wang, Qi Feng, Budts, Werner, Van Deyk, Kristien, Apers, Silke, Goossens, Eva, Rassart, Jessica, Luyckx, Koen, Moons, Philip, Rempel, Gwen, Mackie, Andrew, Ballantyne, Ross, Rankin, Kathryn, Norris, Colleen, Taylor, Dylan, Vondermuhll, Isabelle, Windram, Jonathan, Heggie, Pamela, Lasiuk, Gerri, Khairy, Paul, Proietti, Anna, Dore, Annie, Mercier, Lise-Andrée, Mongeon, François-Pierre, Marcotte, François, Ibrahim, Reda, Mondésert, Blandine, Côté, Marie-Claude, Kovacs, Adrienne, Oechslin, Erwin, Bandyopadhyay, Mimi, Soufi, Alexandra, Filippo, Sylvie Di, Sassolas, François, Bozio, André, Chidambarathanu, Shanthi, Farzana, Farida, Lakshmi, Nitya, Callus, Edward, Quadri, Emilia, Chessa, Massimo, Campioni, Giovanna, Giamberti, Alessandro, Enomoto, Junko, Mizuno, Yoshiko, Caruana, Maryanne, Grech, Victor, Vella, Sheena, Mifsud, Anabel, Borg, Neville, Chircop, Daniel, Mercieca Balbi, Matthew, Vella Critien, Rachel, Farrugia, James, Gatt, Yanika, Muscat, Darlene, Eriksen, Katrine, Estensen, Mette-Elise, Dellborg, Mikael, Berghammer, Malin, Mattson, Eva, Strandberg, Anita, Karlström-Hallberg, Pia, Johansson, Bengt, Kronhamn, Anna-Karin, Schwerzmann, Markus, Thomet, Corina, Huber, Margrit, Wang, Jou-Kou, Lu, Chun-Wei, Yang, Hsiao-Ling, Hua, Yu Chuan, Mulder, Barbara, Sluman, Maayke, Post, Marco, Pieper, Els, Peels, Kathinka, Waskowsky, Marc, Veldtman, Gruschen, Faust, Michelle, Lozier, Colin, Reed, Christy, Hilfer, Jamie, Daniels, Curt, Jackson, Jamie, Kutty, Shelby, Chamberlain, Carolyn, Cook, Stephen, Hindes, Morgan, Cedars, Ari, White, Kamila, Rompfh, Anitra, Fernandes, Susan, MacMillen, Kirstie, and On behalf of the APPROACH-IS consortium and the International Society for Adult Congenital Heart Disease (ISACHD)

Published
2017
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40. 2022 ESC/ERS Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension Developed by the task force for the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary hypertension of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC) and the European Respiratory Society (ERS). Endorsed by the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation (ISHLT) and the European Reference Network on rare respiratory diseases (ERN-LUNG)

Author

Humbert, Marc, Kovacs, Gabor, Hoeper, Marius M., Badagliacca, Roberto, Berger, Rolf M. F., Brida, Margarita, Carlsen, Jorn, Coats, Andrew J. S., Escribano-Subias, Pilar, Ferrari, Pisana, Ferreira, Diogenes S., Ghofrani, Hossein Ardeschir, Giannakoulas, George, Kiely, David G., Mayer, Eckhard, Meszaros, Gergely, Nagavci, Blin, Olsson, Karen M., Pepke-Zaba, Joanna, Quint, Jennifer K., Radegran, Goran, Simonneau, Gerald, Sitbon, Olivier, Tonia, Thomy, Toshner, Mark, Vachiery, Jean-Luc, Noordegraaf, Anton Vonk, Delcroix, Marion, Rosenkranz, Stephan, Schwerzmann, Markus, Anh-Tuan Dinh-Xuan, Bush, Andy, Abdelhamid, Magdy, Aboyans, Victor, Arbustini, Eloisa, Asteggiano, Riccardo, Barbera, Joan-Albert, Beghetti, Maurice, Cikes, Maja, Condliffe, Robin, de Man, Frances, Falk, Volkmar, Fauchier, Laurent, Gaine, Sean, Galie, Nazzareno, Gin-Sing, Wendy, Granton, John, Grunig, Ekkehard, Hassoun, Paul M., Hellemons, Merel, and Cardiovascular Centre (CVC)

Subjects
ENDOTHELIN-RECEPTOR ANTAGONIST, Guidelines, Pulmonary arterial hypertension, Pulmonary hypertension, Chronic thrombo-embolic pulmonary hypertension, LONG-TERM OUTCOMES, QUALITY-OF-LIFE, Balloon pulmonary angioplasty, Soluble guanylate cyclase stimulators, Connective tissue disease, CALCIUM-CHANNEL BLOCKERS, Congenital heart disease, RIGHT-VENTRICULAR DYSFUNCTION, IMPROVES EXERCISE CAPACITY, Endothelin receptor antagonists, Lung transplantation, PRESERVED EJECTION FRACTION, EOSINOPHILIA-MYALGIA-SYNDROME, Pulmonary endarterectomy, Left heart disease, Lung disease, Prostacyclin receptor agonists, Prostacyclin analogues, AFFAIRS CLINICAL-ASSESSMENT, Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors, CONTINUOUS INTRAVENOUS EPOPROSTENOL
Published
2022

42. 2017 ESC focused update on dual antiplatelet therapy in coronary artery disease developed in collaboration with EACTS

Author

Valgimigli, Marco, Bueno, Héctor, Byrne, Robert A., Collet, Jean-Philippe, Costa, Francesco, Jeppsson, Anders, Jüni, Peter, Kastrati, Adnan, Kolh, Philippe, Mauri, Laura, Montalescot, Gilles, Neumann, Franz-Josef, Petricevic, Mate, Roffi, Marco, Steg, Philippe Gabriel, Windecker, Stephan, Zamorano, Jose Luis, Levine, Glenn N., Badimon, Lina, Vranckx, Pascal, Agewall, Stefan, Andreotti, Felicita, Antman, Elliott, Barbato, Emanuele, Bassand, Jean-Pierre, Bugiardini, Raffaele, Cikirikcioglu, Mustafa, Cuisset, Thomas, De Bonis, Michele, Delgado, Victora, Fitzsimons, Donna, Gaemperli, Oliver, Galiè, Nazzareno, Gilard, Martine, Hamm, Christian W, Ibanez, Borja, Iung, Bernard, James, Stefan, Knuuti, Juhani, Landmesser, Ulf, Leclercq, Christophe, Lettino, Maddalena, Lip, Gregory, Piepoli, Massimo Francesco, Pierard, Luc, Schwerzmann, Markus, Sechtem, Udo, Simpson, Iain A, Uva, Miguel Sousa, Stabile, Eugenio, Storey, Robert F, Tendera, Michal, Van de Werf, Frans, Verheugt, Freek, and Aboyans, Victor

Published
2018
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43. Ebstein Anomaly

Author

Girnius, Andrea, primary, Veldtman, Gruschen, additional, Warshak, Carri R., additional, and Schwerzmann, Markus, additional

Published
2017
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49. Adolescents and adults with Fontan circulation:insights from the PREpArE-Fontan registry

Author

Søndergaard, Lars, Aboulhosn, Jamil, D'Udekem, Yves, Faure, Céline, Franklin, Wayne J., Hager, Alfred, Kim, Yuli Y., Muros-Le Rouzic, Erwan, Rosenberg, Daniel, Schwerzmann, Markus, Clift, Paul, Søndergaard, Lars, Aboulhosn, Jamil, D'Udekem, Yves, Faure, Céline, Franklin, Wayne J., Hager, Alfred, Kim, Yuli Y., Muros-Le Rouzic, Erwan, Rosenberg, Daniel, Schwerzmann, Markus, and Clift, Paul

Abstract

The Patient Registry for Adolescents and Adults with Stable Fontan Circulation aims to describe a contemporary cohort of Fontan patients who could be eligible for a clinical trial investigating macitentan, an endothelin receptor antagonist. This international, non-interventional, multicentre, cross-sectional, observational registry enrolled patients with stable Fontan circulation ≥10 years following extra-cardiac conduit or lateral tunnel procedure. Main exclusion criteria were NYHA functional class IV, reoperation of Fontan circulation, or signs of disease worsening. Patient characteristics at enrolment are described; available data were collected during a single registration visit. Of the 266 screened patients, 254 were included in this analysis. At enrolment, median (interquartile range) age was 24 (20;30) years, 37%/63% of patients were from the USA/Europe, 54% were male, 54%/47% had undergone extra-cardiac conduit/lateral tunnel procedures, and 95% were in NYHA functional class I or II. History of arrhythmia was more common in older patients and patients with lateral tunnel; overall prevalence was 19%. Most laboratory values were within the normal range but mean creatinine clearance was abnormally low (87.7 ml/min). Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors were used by 48% of patients and their use was associated with creatinine clearance <90 ml/min (p = 0.007), as was Fontan completion at an older age (p = 0.007). 53.4% of patients had clinical characteristics that could potentially meet an endothelin receptor antagonist trial's eligibility criteria. The PREpArE-Fontan registry describes a cohort of patients who could potentially participate in an endothelin receptor antagonist trial and identified early subtle signs of Fontan failure, even in stable patients.

Published
2022

50. Young adults after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries in Switzerland: a growing population

Author

Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-0402, Affolter, Jan, Bouchardy, Judith, Gabriel, Harald, Stämpfli, Simon F; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3690-8216, Engel, Reto, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, Greutmann, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-6108, Tobler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3196, Ruperti-Repilado, Francisco Javier; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9904-0402, Affolter, Jan, Bouchardy, Judith, Gabriel, Harald, Stämpfli, Simon F; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3690-8216, Engel, Reto, Schwerzmann, Markus; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4006-8929, Greutmann, Matthias; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8692-6108, and Tobler, Daniel; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0821-3196

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Adults with transposition of the great arteries (d-TGA) after the arterial switch operation (ASO) are an evolving cohort in adult cardiology. We aimed to analyze cardiac function and cardiac events after transition to the adult clinic in Switzerland. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Adults with prior ASO enrolled in the Swiss Adult Congenital HEart disease Registry (SACHER) were included. We analyzed initial cardiac anatomy, surgical history, residual lesions and cardiac function at the time of inclusion, as well as cardiac events during follow-up. Patients were classified as complex (with ventricular septal defect) or simple (with intact interventricular septum) d-TGA. RESULTS: The cohort included 149 patients (99 simple d-TGA, 50 complex d-TGA; age 21±3 years; 71% male, follow-up 27 [15-46] months). Prior to inclusion, patients with complex d-TGA had undergone more interventions related to the left ventricular outflow tract (16% vs. 3%, p = 0.01). Functional and cardiovascular status were similar between the groups. Eleven patients (7%) had a total of 19 cardiac events (5 complications and 14 re-interventions) during follow-up. Patients with complex d-TGA had more cardiac-related complications compared to those with simple d-TGA (8% vs. 1%, p = 0.03). The frequency of re-interventions was not statistically different between the two groups (12% vs. 4%, p = 0.07). During follow-up, an increase in QRS duration was observed. Other parameters of cardiac function remained unchanged. CONCLUSION: The majority of adult ASO patients have normal functional class and cardiac function. Complex anatomy and residual lesions play a key role when regarding the occurrence of cardiac-related complications during follow-up. The role of QRS prolongation over time needs to be investigated further.

Published
2022

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