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3. Scientific dating

Author

Marshall, P., primary, Pearson, M. Parker, additional, Schwenninger, J.-L., additional, and Cook, G., additional

Published
2021
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5. Combustion at the late early pleistocene site of Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Rio Quipar (Murcia, Spain)

Author

Walker, M.J., Anesin, D., Angelucci, D.E., Aviles-Fernandez, A., Berna, F., Buitrago-Lopez, A.T., Fernandez-Jalvo, Y., Haber-Uriarte, M., Lopez-Jimenez, A., Lopez-Martinez, M., Martin-Lerma, I., Ortega-Rodriganez, J., Polo-Camacho, J.-L., Rhodes, S.E., Richter, D., Rodriguez-Estrella, T., Schwenninger, J.-L., and Skinner, A.R.

Subjects
Anthropological research, Combustion -- Analysis -- Usage -- Technology application, Radiation, Background -- Analysis -- Usage -- Technology application, Sediments (Geology) -- Analysis -- Usage -- Technology application, Technology application, Anthropology/archeology/folklore
Abstract

Control of fire was a hallmark of developing human cognition and an essential technology for the colonisation of cooler latitudes. In Europe, the earliest evidence comes from recent work at the site of Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Rio Quipar in south-eastern Spain. Charred and calcined bone and thermally altered chert were recovered from a deep, 0.8-million-year-old sedimentary deposit. A combination of analyses indicated that these had been heated to 400-600°C, compatible with burning. Inspection of the sediment and hydroxyapatite also suggests combustion and degradation of the bone. The results provide new insight into Early Palaeolithic use of fire and its significance for human evolution. Keywords: Early Pleistocene, Palaeolithic, Acheulean, combustion, cognitive evolution, Introduction When do traces of combustion first appear at middle-latitude Palaeolithic sites? What do they say about cognitive evolution in early Homo dispersing throughout Eurasia? Inferences that European sites lacked [...]

Published
2016
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6. Cueva Negra del Estrecho del Río Quípar (Murcia, Spain): A late Early Pleistocene hominin site with an “Acheulo-Levalloiso-Mousteroid” Palaeolithic assemblage

Author

Walker, M.J., López-Martínez, M., Carrión-García, J.S., Rodríguez-Estrella, T., San-Nicolás del-Toro, M., Schwenninger, J.-L., López-Jiménez, A., Ortega-Rodrigáñez, J., Haber-Uriarte, M., Polo-Camacho, J.-L., García-Torres, J., Campillo-Boj, M., Avilés-Fernández, A., and Zack, W.

Published
2013
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7. Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya

Author

Lahr, M. Mirazon, Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M. Maillo, Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, H., Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D.M., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Gran, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., and Foley, R.A.

Subjects
Prehistoric peoples -- Behavior, Hunting and gathering societies -- Behavior, Violence -- Research, Social science research, Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies (1,2). Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore (3). Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers., The origins of war are controversial. Although it is clear that intergroup violence, including intentional lethal attacks on individuals, is part of the behavioural repertoire of chimpanzees (4,5), evolutionary explanations [...]

Published
2016

9. Modern human incursion into Neanderthal territories 54,000 years ago at Mandrin, France

Author

Slimak, L, Zanolli, C, Higham, T, Frouin, M, Schwenninger, J-L, Arnold, LJ, Demuro, M, Douka, K, Mercier, N, Guérin, G, Valladas, H, Yvorra, P, Giraud, Y, Seguin-Orlando, A, Orlando, L, Lewis, JE, Muth, X, Camus, H, Vandevelde, S, Buckley, M, Mallol, C, Stringer, C, Metz, L, Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), De la Préhistoire à l'Actuel : Culture, Environnement et Anthropologie (PACEA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), University of Oxford, University of Adelaide, Department of Archaeology, Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History, Jena, 07745, Germany, Institut de Recherches sur les Archéomatériaux (IRAMAT), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne (UBM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Centre d'anthropologie et de génomique de Toulouse (CAGT), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Get In Situ, Cenote, Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - UFR Histoire de l'art et archéologie (UP1 UFR03), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Archéologies environnementales, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Manchester [Manchester], Universidad de La Laguna [Tenerife - SP] (ULL), University of Algarve [Portugal], The Natural History Museum [London] (NHM), University of Connecticut (UCONN), Service Regional de l'Archeologie Auvergne Rhone-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), city of Malataverne, Auvergne Rhone-Alpes region, Calleva Foundation Human Origins Research Fund Fyssen Foundation CNRS funds (Aide a la Mobilite Internationale) Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University L'Oreal-UNESCO Foundation FWIS Universite Paris 1-Pantheon-Sorbonne funds (Aide de l'ED112) Australian Research CouncilFT200100816, LabEx DHP LaScArBx-AAP1-2011, LabEx Djibouti LaScArBx-AAP5-2015, French government of the University of Bordeaux, Long-term research was supported by the Service Régional de l’Archéologie Auvergne Rhône-Alpes, the French CNRS, and the city of Malataverne. Three-dimensional site models were granted by the city of Malataverne and the Auvergne Rhône-Alpes region. This project received funding from the European Research Council (ERC) under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (grant agreement no. 681605) and the Seventh Framework Program (FP7/2007-2013)/ERC grant no. 324139 ('PalaeoChron') awarded to T.H. Research of C.S. is supported by the Calleva Foundation and the Human Origins Research Fund. Research on Ksar Akil was supported by a Fyssen Foundation grant awarded to L.M., by CNRS funds (Aide à la Mobilité Internationale) awarded to L.S., and the Radcliffe Institute for Advanced Study at Harvard University awarded to L.M. Fuliginochronological research was granted by the L’Oréal-UNESCO Foundation FWIS awarded to S.V. and by Université Paris 1–Panthéon-Sorbonne funds (Aide de l’ED112) awarded to S.V. Luminescence dating research conducted by M.D. and L.A. was supported by Australian Research Council Future Fellowship grant FT200100816. Scanning and analysis of the comparative material were funded by the LabEx DHP (LaScArBx-AAP1-2011), the ANR Big Dry (ANR-14-CE31), and the LabEx Djibouti (LaScArBx-AAP5-2015). This study also received financial support from the French government in the framework of the University of Bordeaux’s IdEx 'Investments for the Future' program/GPR Human Past., ANR-14-CE31-0011,CemeNTAA,Cémentochronologie : Nouvelles Techniques pour des Applications à l'Archéologie(2014), European Project: 681605,PEGASUS, European Project: 324139,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2012-ADG_20120411,PALAEOCHRON(2013), École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard (UTBM)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Université Bordeaux Montaigne-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Multidisciplinary, Radiocarbon chronologies, Enamel-dentin juntion, Multiple grains, Manchester Environmental Research Institute, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/manchester_institute_of_biotechnology, Perennially frozen deposits, Computed-tomography, Trace-element, Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Historical structure, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ResearchInstitutes_Networks_Beacons/MERI, Dose-rate
Abstract

Determining the extent of overlap between modern humans and other hominins in Eurasia, such as Neanderthals and Denisovans, is fundamental to understanding the nature of their interactions and what led to the disappearance of archaic hominins. Apart from a possible sporadic pulse recorded in Greece during the Middle Pleistocene, the first settlements of modern humans in Europe have been constrained to similar to 45,000 to 43,000 years ago. Here, we report hominin fossils from Grotte Mandrin in France that reveal the earliest known presence of modern humans in Europe between 56,800 and 51,700 years ago. This early modern human incursion in the Rhone Valley is associated with technologies unknown in any industry of that age outside Africa or the Levant. Mandrin documents the first alternating occupation of Neanderthals and modern humans, with a modern human fossil and associated Neronian lithic industry found stratigraphically between layers containing Neanderthal remains associated with Mousterian industries. Australian Research Council FT200100816, LabEx DHP LaScArBx-AAP1-2011, French National Research Agency (ANR) ANR-14-CE31, LabEx Djibouti LaScArBx-AAP5-2015, Australian Research Council FT200100816 info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion

Published
2022
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11. New insights into the late Middle Stone Age occupation of Oued el Akarit, southern Tunisia

Author

Barton, R.N.E., primary, Belhouchet, L., additional, Collcutt, S.N., additional, Aouadi, N., additional, Albert, P.G., additional, Douka, K., additional, Drake, N., additional, Linderholm, L., additional, Macphail, R.I., additional, McLean, D., additional, Mekki, H., additional, Peat, D., additional, Schwenninger, J.-L., additional, and Smith, V.C., additional

Published
2021
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12. Luminescence as a relative dating tool: Part A – Theory

Author

Highcock, EG, Hood, AGE, and Schwenninger, J-L

Abstract

A formula is derived for calculating relative numerical ages of ceramic vessels using optically stimulated luminescence (OSL). These relative numerical ages may be generated when the standard absolute numerical ages cannot be determined; this is usually because a component of the dose rate such as the external dose rate cannot be measured or deduced. The error associated with this relative age formula is derived. It is shown that, where external dose rate information is unavailable, the error in the relative age that results from this lack of information is much smaller than the equivalent error in the absolute age.

Published
2020

13. Luminescence as a relative dating tool: Part B – application

Author

Hood, AGE, Kohler, EC, Highcock, EG, and Schwenninger, J-L

Abstract

This paper discusses the applicability of using luminescence as a relative numerical dating tool. Examples of when such an application may be useful include the dating of museum materials for which original external dose rate information is no longer obtainable. Without the external dose rate, it is still possible to obtain the relative ages of two or more vessels, which is particularly useful when attempting to ascertain typological sequences or chronological implications of archaeological assemblages. This paper presents a case study on determining the relative numerical age using optically stimulated (OSL) dating, carried out on a group of ancient Egyptian ceramics. This paper is preceded directly by Part A (Highcock et al., 2019) of this article, which presents a derivation of the formulae for obtaining both a relative luminescence age and the associated relative error.

Published
2020

16. Installations de la fin du Paléolithique moyen de la Grotte Mandrin, Malataverne, (Drôme), rapport de fouille programmée annuelle 2015-2017. Rapport de synthèse 2016

Author

Slimak, Ludovic, Brugal, J-P., Buckley, M., Camus, H., Frouin, M., Giraud, Y., Higham, T., Lacrampe-Cuyaubere, F., Longet, B., Metz, L., Muth, X., Rabanit, M., Roussel, A., Schwenninger, J.-L., Yvorra, P., Zanolli, C., Travaux et recherches archéologiques sur les cultures, les espaces et les sociétés (TRACES), Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire méditerranéen de préhistoire Europe-Afrique (LAMPEA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Ministère de la Culture (MC), Service Régional de l’Archéologie Rhône−Alpes, École des hautes études en sciences sociales (EHESS)-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès (UT2J), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory
Published
2017

17. Mirazn Lahr et al. reply

Author

Lahr, M. Mirazn, Rivera, F., Power, R. K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J. E., Maillo Fernandez, J. M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, H., Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D. M., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grn, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., and Foley, R. A.

Subjects
Environmental issues, Science and technology, Zoology and wildlife conservation
Abstract

Author(s): M. Mirazn Lahr (corresponding author) [1, 2]; F. Rivera [1]; R. K. Power [1]; A. Mounier [1]; B. Copsey [1]; F. Crivellaro [1]; J. E. Edung [3]; J. M. [...]

Published
2016
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18. New evidence of megafaunal bone damage indicates late colonization of Madagascar

Author

Halcrow, SE, Anderson, A, Clark, G, Haberle, S, Higham, T, Nowak-Kemp, M, Prendergast, A, Radimilahy, C, Rakotozafy, LM, Ramilisonina, Schwenninger, J-L, Virah-Sawmy, M, Camens, A, Halcrow, SE, Anderson, A, Clark, G, Haberle, S, Higham, T, Nowak-Kemp, M, Prendergast, A, Radimilahy, C, Rakotozafy, LM, Ramilisonina, Schwenninger, J-L, Virah-Sawmy, M, and Camens, A

Abstract

The estimated period in which human colonization of Madagascar began has expanded recently to 5000-1000 y B.P., six times its range in 1990, prompting revised thinking about early migration sources, routes, maritime capability and environmental changes. Cited evidence of colonization age includes anthropogenic palaeoecological data 2500-2000 y B.P., megafaunal butchery marks 4200-1900 y B.P. and OSL dating to 4400 y B.P. of the Lakaton'i Anja occupation site. Using large samples of newly-excavated bone from sites in which megafaunal butchery was earlier dated >2000 y B.P. we find no butchery marks until ~1200 y B.P., with associated sedimentary and palynological data of initial human impact about the same time. Close analysis of the Lakaton'i Anja chronology suggests the site dates <1500 y B.P. Diverse evidence from bone damage, palaeoecology, genomic and linguistic history, archaeology, introduced biota and seafaring capability indicate initial human colonization of Madagascar 1350-1100 y B.P.

Published
2018

19. Early Ipswichian (last interglacial) sea level rise in the Channel region: Stone Point Site of Special Scientific Interest, Hampshire, England.

Author

Briant, R M, Bates, Martin, Boreham, S, Cameron, N G, Coope, G R, Field, M H, Hatch, M, Keen, D H, Kilfeather, A A, Penkman, K E H, Simons, R M J, Schwenninger, J-L, Wenban-Smith, Francis F., Whitehouse, N J, Whittaker, John, Briant, R M, Bates, Martin, Boreham, S, Cameron, N G, Coope, G R, Field, M H, Hatch, M, Keen, D H, Kilfeather, A A, Penkman, K E H, Simons, R M J, Schwenninger, J-L, Wenban-Smith, Francis F., Whitehouse, N J, and Whittaker, John

Abstract

Constraining the speed of sea level rise at the start of an interglacial is important to understanding the size of the ‘window of opportunity’ available for hominin migration. This is particularly important during the last interglacial when there is no evidence for significant hominin occupation anywhere in Britain. There are very few finer grained fossiliferous sequences in the Channel region that can be used to constrain sea level rise and they are preserved only to the north of the Channel, in England. Of these, the sequence at Stone Point SSSI is by far the most complete. Data from this sequence has been previously reported, and discussed at a Quaternary Research Association Field Meeting, where a number of further questions were raised that necessitated further data generation. In this paper, we report new data from this sequence – thin section analysis, isotopic determinations on ostracod shells, new OSL ages and AAR analyses. These show early sea level rise in this sequence, starting during the pre-temperate vegetation zone IpI, but no early warming. The implications of this almost certainly last interglacial sequence for the human colonisation of Britain and our understanding of the stratigraphic relationship of interglacial estuarine deposits with their related fluvial terrace sequences is explored.

Published
2018

21. Reply to Stojanowski et al

Author

Mirazon Lahr, MB, Rivera, F, Power, RK, Mounier, A, Copsey, B, Crivellaro, F, Edung, JE, Maillo Fernandez, JM, Kiarie, C, Lawrence, J, Leakey, A, Mbua, E, Miller, H, Muigai, A, Mukhongo, DM, Van Baelen, A, Wood, R, Schwenninger, J-L, Grün, R, Achyuthan, H, Wilshaw, A, Foley, RA, Mirazon Lahr, Marta [0000-0001-5752-5770], Wilshaw, Alexis [0000-0001-7459-7784], Foley, Robert [0000-0003-0479-3039], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Abstract

In the accompanying Comment1, Stojanowski et al. challenge the evidence for inter-group conflict at Nataruk2. They make two arguments—first, that the lesions in three crania are due to soil compression; second, that there is a correlation between body position and age, reflecting different burial traditions. We believe that their interpretation is incorrect on both counts.

Published
2016

25. A Middle Palaeolithic site at Lynford Quarry, Mundford, Norfolk : interim statement

Author

Boismier, W., Schreve, D. C., White, M. J., Robertson, D. A., Stuart, A. J., Etienne, S., Andrews, J., Coope, G. R., Field, M., Green, F. M. L., Keen, D. H., Lewis, S. G., French, C. A., Rhodes, E., Schwenninger, J-L., Tovey, K, and O'Connor, S.

Subjects
Mammoths, Neanderthals, Lynford, Handaxes
Abstract

In late February and early March 2002, an archaeological watching brief at Lynford Quarry, Mundford, Norfolk revealed a palaeochannel with a dark organic fill containing in situ mammoth remains and associated Mousterian stone tools and debitage buried under 2–3 m of bedded sands and gravels. Well-preserved in situ Middle Palaeolithic open air sites are very unusal in Europe and exceedingly rare within a British context. As such, the site was identified as being of national and international importance, and was subsequently excavated by the Norfolk Archaeological Unit. Full analysis of the results are pending and this report presents some of the initial results of the excavation. It sets out how the site was excavated, outlines the stratigraphic sequence for the site, and presents some provisional findings of the excavation based on the results of the assessment work carried out to date.

Published
2003

26. Ancient biomolecules from deep ice cores reveal a forested southern Greenland

Author

Willerslev, E., Cappellini, E., Boomsma, W., Nielsen, R., Hebsgaard, M. B., Brand, T. B., Hofreiter, M., Bunce, M., Poinar, H. N., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S., Steffensen, J. P., Bennike, O., Schwenninger, J.-L., Nathan, R., Armitage, S., de Hoog, C.-J., Alfimov, V., Christl, M., Beer, J., Muscheler, R., Barker, J., Sharp, M., Penkman, K. E. H., Haile, J., Taberlet, P., Gilbert, M. T. P., Casoli, A., Campani, E., Collins, M. J., Willerslev, E., Cappellini, E., Boomsma, W., Nielsen, R., Hebsgaard, M. B., Brand, T. B., Hofreiter, M., Bunce, M., Poinar, H. N., Dahl-Jensen, D., Johnsen, S., Steffensen, J. P., Bennike, O., Schwenninger, J.-L., Nathan, R., Armitage, S., de Hoog, C.-J., Alfimov, V., Christl, M., Beer, J., Muscheler, R., Barker, J., Sharp, M., Penkman, K. E. H., Haile, J., Taberlet, P., Gilbert, M. T. P., Casoli, A., Campani, E., and Collins, M. J.

Abstract

It is difficult to obtain fossil data from the 10% of Earth's terrestrial surface that is covered by thick glaciers and ice sheets, and hence, knowledge of the paleoenvironments of these regions has remained limited. We show that DNA and amino acids from buried organisms can be recovered from the basal sections of deep ice cores, enabling reconstructions of past flora and fauna. We show that high-altitude southern Greenland, currently lying below more than 2 kilometers of ice, was inhabited by a diverse array of conifer trees and insects within the past million years. The results provide direct evidence in support of a forested southern Greenland and suggest that many deep ice cores may contain genetic records of paleoenvironments in their basal sections.

Published
2007

27. Seismotectonics and rupture process of the MW 7.1 2011 Van reverse-faulting earthquake, eastern Turkey, and implications for hazard in regions of distributed shortening.

Author

Mackenzie, D., Elliott, J. R., Altunel, E., Walker, R. T., Kurban, Y. C., Schwenninger, J. L., and Parsons, B.

Subjects
VAN Earthquake, Turkey, 2011, PLATE tectonics, SURFACE fault ruptures, EARTHQUAKE damage, EARTHQUAKE hazard analysis
Abstract

The 2011 October 23 MW 7.1 Van earthquake in eastern Turkey caused ~600 deaths and caused widespread damage and economic loss. The seismogenic rupture was restricted to 10-25 km in depth, but aseismic surface creep, coincident with outcrop fault exposures, was observed in the hours to months after the earthquake. We combine observations from radar interferometry, seismology, geomorphology and Quaternary dating to investigate the geological slip rate and seismotectonic context of the Van earthquake, and assess the implications for continuing seismic hazard in the region. Transient post-seismic slip on the upper Van fault started immediately following the earthquake, and decayed over a period of weeks; it may not fully account for our long-term surface slip-rate estimate of ≥0.5 mm yr-1. Post-seismic slip on the Bostanic,i splay fault initiated several days to weeks after the main shock, and we infer that it may have followed the MW 5.9 aftershock on the 9th November. The Van earthquake shows that updip segmentation can be important in arresting seismic ruptures on dip-slip faults. Two large, shallow aftershocks show that the upper 10 km of crust can sustain significant earthquakes, and significant slip is observed to have reached the surface in the late Quaternary, so there may be a continuing seismic hazard from the upper Van fault and the associated splay. The wavelength of folding in the hanging wall of the Van fault is dominated by the structure in the upper 10 km of the crust, masking the effect of deeper seismogenic structures. Thus, models of subsurface faulting based solely on surface folding and faulting in regions of reverse faulting may underestimate the full depth extent of seismogenic structures in the region. In measuring the cumulative post-seismic offsets to anthropogenic structures, we show that Structure-from-Motion can be rapidly deployed to create snapshots of postseismic displacement. We also demonstrate the utility of declassified Corona mission imagery (1960s-1970s) for geomorphic mapping in areas where recent urbanization has concealed the geomorphic markers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2016
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29. A Middle Palaeolithic Site at Lynford Quarry, Mundford, Norfolk: Interim Statement

Author

Boismier, W.A., primary, Schreve, Danielle C., additional, White, Mark J., additional, Robertson, D.A., additional, Stuart, A.J., additional, Etienne, S., additional, Andrews, J., additional, Coope, G.R., additional, Field, M.H., additional, Green, F.M.L., additional, Keen, D.H., additional, Lewis, S.G., additional, French, Charles, additional, Rhodes, E. D., additional, Schwenninger, J.-L., additional, Tovey, K., additional, Donahue, R.E., additional, Richards, M.P., additional, and O'Connor, S., additional

Published
2003
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30. The Iron Age Enclosures and Prehistoric Landscape of Sutton Common, South Yorkshire

Author

Pearson, M. Parker, primary, Sydes, R.E., additional, Boardman, S., additional, Brayshay, B., additional, Buckland, P.C., additional, Chadwick, A., additional, Charles, M., additional, Crawley, G., additional, Cumberpatch, C., additional, Dearne, M., additional, Edmond, J.A., additional, Hale, D., additional, Henderson, J., additional, Lomas, M., additional, Merrony, C., additional, Moore, J., additional, Myers, A., additional, Roper, T., additional, Schwenninger, J.-L., additional, Taylor, M., additional, Whitehouse, N., additional, and Wright, M.L., additional

Published
1997
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31. Great earthquakes in low strain rate continental interiors: An example from SE Kazakhstan

Author

Campbell, GE, Walker, RT, Abdrakhmatov, K, Jackson, J, Elliott, JR, Mackenzie, D, Middleton, T, Schwenninger, J-L, Jackson, James [0000-0003-2927-1771], and Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository

Subjects
37 Earth Sciences, 3705 Geology, sub-02, 3706 Geophysics
Abstract

The Lepsy fault of the northern Tien Shan, SE Kazakhstan, extends E-W 120 km from the high\ud mountains of the Dzhungarian Ala-tau, a subrange of the northern Tien Shan, into the low-lying Kazakh\ud platform. It is an example of an active structure that connects a more rapidly deforming mountain region\ud with an apparently stable continental region and follows a known Palaeozoic structure. Field-based and\ud satellite observations reveal an ∼10 m vertical offset exceptionally preserved along the entire length of\ud the fault. Geomorphic analysis and age control from radiocarbon and optically stimulated luminescence\ud dating methods indicate that the scarp formed in the Holocene and was generated by at least two\ud substantial earthquakes. The most recent event, dated to sometime after ∼400 years B.P., is likely to have\ud ruptured the entire ∼120 km fault length in a Mw 7.5–8.2 earthquake. The Lepsy fault kinematics were\ud characterized using digital elevation models and high-resolution satellite imagery, which indicate that\ud the predominant sense of motion is reverse right lateral with a fault strike, dip, and slip vector azimuth of\ud ∼110∘, 50∘S, and 317–343∘, respectively, which is consistent with predominant N-S shortening related to\ud the India-Eurasia collision. In light of these observations, and because the activity of the Lepsy fault would\ud have been hard to ascertain if it had not ruptured in the recent past, we note that the absence of known\ud active faults within low-relief and low strain rate continental interiors does not always imply an absence of\ud seismic hazard.

32. Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya

Author

Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., and Wilshaw, A.

Abstract

The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies. Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore. Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers.

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33. Mirazón Lahr et al. reply

Author

Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Foley, R.A., Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., and Foley, R.A.

Abstract

Replying to C. M. Stojanowski et al. Nature 539, 10.1038/nature19778 (2016) "Contesting the massacre at Nataruk".

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34. Mirazón Lahr et al. reply

Author

Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Foley, R.A., Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., and Foley, R.A.

Abstract

Replying to C. M. Stojanowski et al. Nature 539, 10.1038/nature19778 (2016) "Contesting the massacre at Nataruk".

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35. Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya

Author

Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., and Wilshaw, A.

Abstract

The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies. Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore. Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers.

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36. Mirazón Lahr et al. reply

Author

Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Foley, R.A., Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., and Foley, R.A.

Abstract

Replying to C. M. Stojanowski et al. Nature 539, 10.1038/nature19778 (2016) "Contesting the massacre at Nataruk".

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37. Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya

Author

Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., and Wilshaw, A.

Abstract

The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies. Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore. Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers.

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38. Mirazón Lahr et al. reply

Author

Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Foley, R.A., Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., and Foley, R.A.

Abstract

Replying to C. M. Stojanowski et al. Nature 539, 10.1038/nature19778 (2016) "Contesting the massacre at Nataruk".

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39. Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya

Author

Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., and Wilshaw, A.

Abstract

The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies. Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore. Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers.

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40. Mirazón Lahr et al. reply

Author

Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Foley, R.A., Lahr, M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Balen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J.-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., and Foley, R.A.

Abstract

Replying to C. M. Stojanowski et al. Nature 539, 10.1038/nature19778 (2016) "Contesting the massacre at Nataruk".

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41. Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya

Author

Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., Wilshaw, A., Lahr, M.M., Rivera, F., Power, R.K., Foley, R.A., Mounier, A., Copsey, B., Crivellaro, F., Edung, J.E., Fernandez, J.M., Kiarie, C., Lawrence, J., Leakey, A., Mbua, E., Miller, Holly, Muigai, A., Mukhongo, D., Van Baelen, A., Wood, R., Schwenninger, J-L., Grun, R., Achyuthan, H., and Wilshaw, A.

Abstract

The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies. Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore. Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers.

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42. Holocene book reviews.

Author

Nicoll, Kathleen, Grattan, John, Drake, Frances, Schwenninger, J.-L., Owen, Geraint, Gray, Thomas E., Alexander, Jan, Herbert, David, Schreve, Danielle C., and Lloyd, Jerry

Subjects
HOLOCENE Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara (Book), NATURAL Hazards & Environmental Change (Book), DETECTING & Modelling Regional Climate Change (Book), PARTICULATE Gravity Currents (Book)
Abstract

Reviews books about the Holocene. Inclusion of 'Holocene Settlement of the Egyptian Sahara,' vol. 1, by Fred Wendorf; 'Natural Hazards and Environmental Change,' by Bill McGuire, Ian Mason and Christopher Kilburn; 'Detecting and Modelling Regional Climate Change,' edited by Manola Brunet India and Diego Lopez Bonillo; 'Particulate Gravity Currents,' edited by W.D. McCaffrey et al.

Published
2003
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43. Inter-group violence among early Holocene hunter-gatherers of West Turkana, Kenya.

Author

Mirazón Lahr M, Rivera F, Power RK, Mounier A, Copsey B, Crivellaro F, Edung JE, Maillo Fernandez JM, Kiarie C, Lawrence J, Leakey A, Mbua E, Miller H, Muigai A, Mukhongo DM, Van Baelen A, Wood R, Schwenninger JL, Grün R, Achyuthan H, Wilshaw A, and Foley RA

Subjects
Adolescent, Adult, Child, Child, Preschool, Feeding Behavior, Female, History, Ancient, Humans, Kenya, Male, Skeleton, Skull injuries, Archaeology, Group Processes, Violence history, Wounds and Injuries history
Abstract

The nature of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers remains disputed, with arguments in favour and against the existence of warfare before the development of sedentary societies. Here we report on a case of inter-group violence towards a group of hunter-gatherers from Nataruk, west of Lake Turkana, which during the late Pleistocene/early Holocene period extended about 30 km beyond its present-day shore. Ten of the twelve articulated skeletons found at Nataruk show evidence of having died violently at the edge of a lagoon, into which some of the bodies fell. The remains from Nataruk are unique, preserved by the particular conditions of the lagoon with no evidence of deliberate burial. They offer a rare glimpse into the life and death of past foraging people, and evidence that warfare was part of the repertoire of inter-group relations among prehistoric hunter-gatherers.

Published
2016
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