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In this work, an evaluation method for transient thermal measurements is presented. It allows for a high temporal sensitivity by analysing the spectral composition of a thermal transient, the so-called time constant spectrum. The spectral components provide a detailed insight into the heat flow dynamics and thermal parameters describing a multi-layer system. The method is based on a one-dimensional heat path analysis technique common for the thermal characterisation of electronic components, called ‘network identification by deconvolution’. Here, a generalisation, called ‘thermographic network identification’, is presented to obtain spatially resolved thermal equivalence networks as complete thermal model of the device under study. As a proof of concept, two samples are investigated. The method is discussed on the basis of the obtained results.

The activities of the recently founded Evidence Based Medicine Working Group within the German Medical Library Association (AGMB) continued in the first half of 2021 with a whole series of virtual training events and exchange of training materials. At the AGMB meeting 2021 the group and guests will explore further training opportunities and will continue the discussion on the greatest strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and risks medical librarians in the D-A-CH countries are confronted with when they want to implement a systematic reviews service., Die vor kurzem gegründete Arbeitsgruppe Evidenzbasierte Medizin (AG-EBM) innerhalb der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Medizinisches Bibliothekswesen (AGMB) setzte Ihre Aktivitäten in der ersten Jahreshälfte 2021 mit einer ganzen Reihe von virtuellen Fortbildungs-Meetings und Austausch von Schulungsmaterialien fort. Ein Treffpunkt auf der Jahrestagung der AGMB 2021 wird dazu genutzt werden, um mit den AG-Mitgliedern und Gästen das Thema Fortbildung weiter zu bearbeiten. Die Diskussion über die größten Stärken, Schwächen, Chancen und Risiken, mit denen medizinische BibliothekarInnen in den D-A-CH-Ländern konfrontiert sind, wenn sie Dienstleistungen rund um systematische Reviews einführen wollen wird fortgesetzt.

In this interview, medical education experts Dr. Sandra Kurz and Dr. Holger Buggenhagen report on the teaching situation at Mainz University Medical Center during the SARS-CoV-2 pandemic. They describe how the different teaching formats lectures, seminars, practical training and bedside teaching were digitally replaced or supplemented and how teaching was perceived from the perspective of students and lecturers. They discuss various technical and institutional support services and the importance of on-site networking - especially with medical library staff. Finally, the interview describes how librarians can support digital teaching under pandemic conditions and how the collaboration in Mainz is shaping up with the development of future joint training offers. Im vorliegenden Interview berichten die Medizindidaktiker:innen Dr. Sandra Kurz und Dr. Holger Buggenhagen über die Lehrsituation an der Universitätsmedizin Mainz während der SARS-CoV-2-Pandemie. Sie beschreiben, wie die unterschiedlichen Lehrformate Vorlesungen, Seminare, Praktika und der Unterricht am Krankenbett digital ersetzt bzw. ergänzt wurden und wie die Lehre aus Sicht der Studierenden und Lehrenden wahrgenommen wurde. Sie gehen auf verschiedene technische und institutionelle Unterstützungsangebote ein und beschreiben, welchen Stellenwert Vernetzungen vor Ort spielen, insbesondere mit Mitarbeiter:innen der medizinischen Bibliothek. Zuletzt wird im Interview dargestellt, wie Bibliothekar:innen die digitale Lehre unter Pandemiebedingungen unterstützen können und wie sich die Zusammenarbeit in Mainz mit der Entwicklung zukünftiger gemeinsamer Schulungsangebote gestaltet.

Social rejection sensitivity has been proposed as a central risk factor for depression. Yet its assessment has typically been limited to offline contexts. Many of today’s social interactions, however, take place online. Here, we developed a measure to assess social rejection sensitivity in both online and offline environments. Across four separate samples including a total of 2381 individuals (12-89 years), the Online and Offline Social Sensitivity Scale was shown to offer a reliable measure of social rejection sensitivity. The study provides evidence that rejection sensitivity across online and offline social environments shows a strong association with depressive symptoms and maladaptive ruminative brooding. We also found age-related differences in social rejection sensitivity in online and offline contexts with rejection sensitivity decreasing from early adolescence to older age. The scale has the potential to advance future research on the role of social rejection sensitivity in mental health in a digital age.

The determination of thermal structure functions from transient thermal measurements using network identification by deconvolution is a delicate process as it is sensitive to noise in the measured data. Great care must be taken not only during the measurement process but also to ensure a stable implementation of the algorithm. In this paper, a method is presented that quantifies the absolute accuracy of network identification on the basis of different test structures. For this purpose, three measures of accuracy are defined. By these metrics, several variants of network identification are optimized and compared against each other. Performance in the presence of noise is analyzed by adding Gaussian noise to the input data. In the cases tested, the use of a Bayesian deconvolution provided the best results.

Lithium aluminoborate glass optically activated with the lanthanide ion dysprosium is investigated for its potential as luminescent light guide. For this, ray-tracing simulations are performed on the basis of transmission, photoluminescence, and quantum efficiency measurements. The luminous flux at the end of the light guide depends significantly on its length as well as on the roughness of the output face. The best results are obtained for a light guide length of 70â80 mm with the side faces of the light guide coated with a 100 % reflecting mirror and a rough output face with Lambertian scattering characteristic. An additional coating of the input face with a half-transmitting mirror is investigated. The mirror is transmissive for the excitation wavelength of 388 nm but reflective for the emission bands in the visible spectral range. For this light guide, a luminance of approximately 20 cd/mm2 is achieved for an excitation power density of 1 W/mm2. The geometry of the light guide (cuboid/cylinder) has only a slight effect on the maximum luminance value.

Network identification by deconvolution is a proven method for determining the thermal structure function of a given device. The method allows to derive the thermal capacitances as well as the resistances of a one-dimensional thermal path from the thermal step response of the device. However, the results of this method are significantly affected by noise in the measured data, which is unavoidable to a certain extent. In this paper, a post-processing procedure for network identification from thermal transient measurements is presented. This so-called optimization-based network identification provides a much more accurate and robust result compared to approaches using Fourier or Bayesian deconvolution in combination with Foster-to-Cauer transformation. The thermal structure function obtained from network identification by deconvolution is improved by repeatedly solving the inverse problem in a multi-dimensional optimization process. The result is a non-diverging thermal structure function, which agrees well with the measured thermal impedance. In addition, the associated time constant spectrum can be calculated very accurately. This work shows the potential of inverse optimization approaches for network identification.

Over the years, the departmental library of the University Medical Center Mainz (BBUM) has tried to provide advice to its users on systematic reviews (SR), but individual requests have failed due to a lack of human resources. Therefore, BBUM looked for an alternative to a full service and decided to develop a help for self-help offer, together with the partners of the Institute of Medical Biometrics, Epidemiology and Informatics. This approach focuses on developing scientists’ basic knowledge of SR through a practical workshop, and then offering a punctual consultancy service. In addition, a practical guideline was developed that can be used both in the workshops and as a basis for consultations., Das Thema Systematic Reviews (SR) beschäftigte die Bibliothekar*innen der Bereichsbibliothek Universitätsmedizin der Universitätsbibliothek Mainz (BBUM) schon länger, vereinzelte Anfragen scheiterten aber an den fehlenden personellen Ressourcen. Die BBUM hat sich daher nach einer Alternative zu einem Full Service umgesehen und sich für die Entwicklung eines „Hilfe zur Selbsthilfe“-Angebots entschieden – zusammen mit Partnern aus dem Institut für Medizinische Biometrie, Epidemiologie und Informatik (IMBEI). Das Konzept sieht die gemeinsame Erarbeitung des Grundwissens in einem Workshop vor, um darauf basierend ein punktuelles Beratungsgebot für die Wissenschaftler*innen anzubieten. Flankierend wurde ein Praxisleitfaden entwickelt, der sowohl in den Workshops eingesetzt wird, wie auch als Grundlage für die Beratungen genommen werden kann., GMS Medizin - Bibliothek - Information; 20(3):Doc20

Die Arbeit versucht mittels einer gegenstandsbezogenen Perspektive auf Wettbewerb der weit verbreiteten These zu begegnen, dass Wettbewerb in Schulsystemen rein davon abhänge, wie politische, demografische, geografische und auch sozioökonomische Umstände ausgestaltet sind. Mithilfe eines praxeologischen und diskursanalytischen Zugangs wird herausgearbeitet, wie Wettbewerb im Alltag von Schulen praktisch inszeniert wird und wie sich Schulen dabei positionieren. Ausgangspunkt für die Analysen sind Interviews, die im Rahmen des Forschungsprojekts "Nefo" (2011-2014) geführt wurden. Diese Interviews werden als Äußerungsakte gefasst, in denen Logiken des Wettbewerbs und Logiken der Positionierung praktisch aufgeführt werden. Es lassen sich drei verschiedene Figurationen von Wettbewerb sowie zwei grundsätzliche Positionierungsweisen von Schulen unterscheiden. Mögliche Nebenfolgen dieser Logiken sowie mögliche Effekte von Steuerungsinstrumenten im Bildungssystem geraten dabei in den Blick.

In this interview, epidemiologists Dorle Hoffmann and Oliver Bayer give an insight into their experience with systematic reviews and related topics such as meta-analyses. They describe how the tasks have expanded step by step in recent years and the importance of local networking – especially with the medical library staff. Finally, the interview describes the role librarians can play in the preparation of systematic reviews and gives an insight into how the cooperation in Mainz is progressing with the development of a practical guide and joint training courses., Im vorliegenden Interview geben die Epidemiolog*innen Dorle Hoffmann und Oliver Bayer Einblick in ihre Erfahrungen mit systematischen Reviews bzw. damit verwandten Themen wie Metaanalysen. Sie beschreiben, wie sich die Aufgaben in den letzten Jahren Schritt für Schritt erweitert haben und welchen Stellenwert die Vernetzung vor Ort spielt – insbesondere mit der medizinischen Bibliothek. Zuletzt wird im Interview dargestellt, welche Rolle Bibliothekar*innen bei der Erstellung systematischer Reviews spielen können und sie geben einen Einblick, wie sich die konkrete Zusammenarbeit in Mainz mit der Entwicklung eines Praxisleitfadens und gemeinsamer Schulungsangebote gestaltet., GMS Medizin - Bibliothek - Information; 20(1-2):Doc10

In Spring 2020, an online survey was realized among all medical librarians in Germany, Austria and Switzerland on behalf of the Evidence Based Medicine Working Group (AG-EBM) of the German Medical Library Association. The main focus of this survey was to characterize the biggest challenges, barriers and needs that medical librarians face in order to provide or implement a systematic review service. The 23-item survey included also SWOT analysis with open-ended questions, which allowed survey participant to better describe their situation. The survey was completed by 60 librarians. The results will allow the AG-EBM to establish a strategic plan that will help medical librarians take advantage of the opportunities of systematic review services and offer tools to minimize risks., Im Frühling 2020 wurde im Auftrag der Arbeitsgruppe Evidenzbasierte Medizin (AG-EBM) der Arbeitsgemeinschaft für Medizinisches Bibliothekswesen e.V (AGMB) eine Online-Umfrage unter allen Medizinbibliothekar*innen in Deutschland, Österreich und der Schweiz durchgeführt. Das Ziel dieser Umfrage war es, die größten Herausforderungen, Hürden und Bedürfnisse zu charakterisieren, mit denen Medizinbibliothekar*innen konfrontiert sind, um Dienstleistungen zu Systematischen Reviews anzubieten oder zu implementieren. Die 23 Punkte umfassende Umfrage beinhaltete auch eine SWOT-Analyse mit offenen Fragen, die es den Umfrageteilnehmern ermöglichte, ihre Situation besser zu beschreiben. Die Ergebnisse werden es der AG-EBM ermöglichen, einen strategischen Plan aufzustellen, der den medizinischen Bibliothekaren hilft, Unterstützungsdienste zu Systematischen Reviews sowie Instrumente zur Risikominimierung anzubieten., GMS Medizin - Bibliothek - Information; 20(1-2):Doc06

Childhood adversity (CA) increases the risk of subsequent mental health problems. Adolescent social support (from family and/or friends) reduces the risk of mental health problems after CA. However, the mechanisms of this effect remain unclear, and we speculate that they are manifested on neurodevelopmental levels. Therefore, we investigated whether family and/or friendship support at ages 14 and 17 function as intermediate variables for the relationship between CA before age 11 and affective or neural responses to social rejection feedback at age 18. We studied 55 adolescents with normative mental health at age 18 (26 with CA and therefore considered "resilient"), from a longitudinal cohort. Participants underwent a Social Feedback Task in the magnetic resonance imaging scanner. Social rejection feedback activated the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the left anterior insula. CA did not predict affective or neural responses to social rejection at age 18. Yet, CA predicted better friendships at age 14 and age 18, when adolescents with and without CA had comparable mood levels. Thus, adolescents with CA and normative mood levels have more adolescent friendship support and seem to have normal mood and neural responses to social rejection.

A recent meta-analysis revealed that cardiac vagal activity (mostly indicated by vagally-mediated heart rate variability; HRV) decreases significantly from the follicular to luteal menstrual cycle phase in naturally-cycling participants. However, the question remains as to whether cyclical changes in estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), or both are responsible for HRV fluctuations. We present the first studies to use repeated measures of E2, P4, and HRV across the cycle to model both the unique and interactive effects of person-centered E2 and P4 on HRV in multilevel models. In study one, 40 naturally-cycling participants were assessed weekly across four weeks, and were blind to the cycle focus of the study. In study two, 50 naturally-cycling participants were examined in three precisely defined cycle phases via ovulation testing. Both studies revealed that only P4 was correlated with HRV, such that higher-than-usual P4 significantly predicted lower-than-usual HRV within a given participant. In line with this, cycle phase comparisons revealed lower HRV in the mid-luteal phase (characterized by elevated P4) than in other phases. No significant main or interactive effects of E2 on HRV were found. Future female health studies should investigate individual differences in these effects and potential consequences of cyclical HRV changes on daily functioning.

The optical properties of Dy3+-doped lithium aluminoborate glass are investigated. Sample series of varying modifier-to-former ratio and different Dy3+ concentration are analysed for their optical absorption, quantum efficiency, photoluminescence yield, and chromaticity. The samples show a luminescence quenching upon increasing the Dy3+ concentration, though the optical absorption increases linearly. Changing the modifier-to-former ratio in favour of the network former leads to an increase in luminescence yield. For all samples, the photoluminescence spectra are dominated by two emission bands in the visible spectral range, namely at 483 nm and 575 nm. The relative contribution of these bands to the total luminescence changes with the modifier-to-former ratio as well as the Dy3+ concentration. The colour impression of the samples changes accordingly.

Due to their ability to capture attention, emotional stimuli tend to benefit from enhanced perceptual processing, which can be helpful when such stimuli are task-relevant but hindering when they are task-irrelevant. Altered emotion-attention interactions have been associated with symptoms of affective disturbances, and emerging\ud research focuses on improving emotion-attention interactions to prevent or treat affective disorders. In line with the Human Affectome Project’s emphasis on linguistic components, we also analyzed the language used to describe attention-related aspects of emotion, and highlighted terms related to domains such as conscious awareness, motivational effects of attention, social attention, and emotion regulation. These terms were discussed within a broader review of available evidence regarding the neural correlates of (1) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Perception, (2) Emotion-Attention Interactions in Learning and Memory, (3) Individual Differences in Emotion-Attention Interactions, and (4) Training and Interventions to Optimize Emotion-Attention Interactions. This comprehensive approach enabled an integrative overview of the current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of\ud emotion-attention interactions at multiple levels of analysis, and identification of emerging directions for future investigations.