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133 results on '"Schwarz, Alexander P."'

1. Uncertainty-Aware Shape Estimation of a Surgical Continuum Manipulator in Constrained Environments using Fiber Bragg Grating Sensors

Author

Schwarz, Alexander, Mehrfard, Arian, Amirkhani, Golchehr, Phalen, Henry, Ma, Justin H., Grupp, Robert B., Martin-Gomez, Alejandro, and Armand, Mehran

Subjects
Computer Science - Robotics
Abstract

Continuum Dexterous Manipulators (CDMs) are well-suited tools for minimally invasive surgery due to their inherent dexterity and reachability. Nonetheless, their flexible structure and non-linear curvature pose significant challenges for shape-based feedback control. The use of Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors for shape sensing has shown great potential in estimating the CDM's tip position and subsequently reconstructing the shape using optimization algorithms. This optimization, however, is under-constrained and may be ill-posed for complex shapes, falling into local minima. In this work, we introduce a novel method capable of directly estimating a CDM's shape from FBG sensor wavelengths using a deep neural network. In addition, we propose the integration of uncertainty estimation to address the critical issue of uncertainty in neural network predictions. Neural network predictions are unreliable when the input sample is outside the training distribution or corrupted by noise. Recognizing such deviations is crucial when integrating neural networks within surgical robotics, as inaccurate estimations can pose serious risks to the patient. We present a robust method that not only improves the precision upon existing techniques for FBG-based shape estimation but also incorporates a mechanism to quantify the models' confidence through uncertainty estimation. We validate the uncertainty estimation through extensive experiments, demonstrating its effectiveness and reliability on out-of-distribution (OOD) data, adding an additional layer of safety and precision to minimally invasive surgical robotics.

Published
2024

2. Creating a Digital Twin of Spinal Surgery: A Proof of Concept

Author

Hein, Jonas, Giraud, Frédéric, Calvet, Lilian, Schwarz, Alexander, Cavalcanti, Nicola Alessandro, Prokudin, Sergey, Farshad, Mazda, Tang, Siyu, Pollefeys, Marc, Carrillo, Fabio, and Fürnstahl, Philipp

Subjects
Computer Science - Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition
Abstract

Surgery digitalization is the process of creating a virtual replica of real-world surgery, also referred to as a surgical digital twin (SDT). It has significant applications in various fields such as education and training, surgical planning, and automation of surgical tasks. In addition, SDTs are an ideal foundation for machine learning methods, enabling the automatic generation of training data. In this paper, we present a proof of concept (PoC) for surgery digitalization that is applied to an ex-vivo spinal surgery. The proposed digitalization focuses on the acquisition and modelling of the geometry and appearance of the entire surgical scene. We employ five RGB-D cameras for dynamic 3D reconstruction of the surgeon, a high-end camera for 3D reconstruction of the anatomy, an infrared stereo camera for surgical instrument tracking, and a laser scanner for 3D reconstruction of the operating room and data fusion. We justify the proposed methodology, discuss the challenges faced and further extensions of our prototype. While our PoC partially relies on manual data curation, its high quality and great potential motivate the development of automated methods for the creation of SDTs., Comment: Accepted for the DCA in MI Workshop @ CVPR 2024. Project page: https://jonashein.github.io/surgerydigitization/

Published
2024

5. Impact of magnetic domains on magnetic flux concentrators

Author

Maspero, Federico, Cuccurullo, Simone, Mungpara, Dhavalkumar, Schwarz, Alexander, and Bertacco, Riccardo

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics
Abstract

The impact of magnetic domains in magnetic flux concentrators is studied using the simulation software MuMax3. First, the simulation parameters are validated using experimental results from magnetic force microscopy; second the simulation output is benchmarked with the one obtained using Comsol Multiphysics. Finally, the impact of magnetic domain is assessed, showing how micromagnetic effects can become relevant, if not dominant, when scaling the gap between the MFC and the sensor., Comment: this is the accepted manuscript

Published
2021
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6. A cavity optomechanical locking scheme based on the optical spring effect

Author

Rohse, Philipp, Butlewski, Jakob, Klein, Felix, Wagner, Tobias, Friesen, Cody, Schwarz, Alexander, Wiesendanger, Roland, Sengstock, Klaus, and Becker, Christoph

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We present a novel locking scheme for active length-stabilization and frequency detuning of a cavity optomechanical device based on the optical spring effect. The scheme can be used as an alternative to the Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique but in contrast doesn't require signal processing on time-scales of the cavity decay rate. It is therefore particularly suited for stabilizing micro cavities, where this time-scale can be extremely fast. The error signal is generated through the optical spring effect, i.e. the detuning-dependent frequency-shift of a nanomechanical oscillator that is dispersively coupled to the intra-cavity light field. We explain the functional principle of the lock and characterize its performance in terms of bandwidth and gain profile. The optical spring locking scheme can be implemented without larger efforts in a wide variety of optomechanical systems in the unresolved sideband regime., Comment: 5 pages, 2 figures

Published
2020
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8. Data Assimilation for Navier-Stokes using the Least-Squares Finite-Element Method

Author

Schwarz, Alexander and Dwight, Richard

Subjects
Physics - Fluid Dynamics, Physics - Computational Physics, Physics - Data Analysis, Statistics and Probability
Abstract

We investigate theoretically and numerically the use of the Least-Squares Finite-element method (LSFEM) to approach data-assimilation problems for the steady-state, incompressible Navier-Stokes equations. Our LSFEM discretization is based on a stress-velocity-pressure (S-V-P) first-order formulation, using discrete counterparts of the Sobolev spaces $H({\rm div}) \times H^1 \times L^2$ respectively. Resolution of the system is via minimization of a least-squares functional representing the magnitude of the residual of the equations. A simple and immediate approach to extend this solver to data-assimilation is to add a data-discrepancy term to the functional. Whereas most data-assimilation techniques require a large number of evaluations of the forward-simulations and are therefore very expensive, the approach proposed in this work uniquely has the same cost as a single forward run. However, the question arises: what is the statistical model implied by this choice? We answer this within the Bayesian framework, establishing the latent background covariance model and the likelihood. Further we demonstrate that - in the linear case - the method is equivalent to application of the Kalman filter, and derive the posterior covariance. We practically demonstrate the capabilities of our method on a backward-facing step case. Our LSFEM formulation (without data) is shown to have good approximation quality, even on relatively coarse meshes - in particular with respect to mass-conservation and reattachment location. Adding limited velocity measurements from experiment, we show that the method is able to correct for discretization error on very coarse meshes, as well as correct for the influence of unknown and uncertain boundary-conditions.

Published
2018
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9. Combined feedback and sympathetic cooling of a mechanical oscillator coupled to ultracold atoms

Author

Christoph, Philipp, Wagner, Tobias, Zhong, Hai, Wiesendanger, Roland, Sengstock, Klaus, Schwarz, Alexander, and Becker, Christoph

Subjects
Quantum Physics
Abstract

A promising route to novel quantum technologies are hybrid quantum systems, which combine the advantages of several individual quantum systems. We have realized a hybrid atomic-mechanical experiment consisting of a SiN membrane oscillator cryogenically precooled to 500 mK and optically coupled to a cloud of laser cooled Rb atoms. Here, we demonstrate active feedback cooling of the oscillator to a minimum mode occupation of n = 16 corresponding to a mode temperature of T = 200 {\mu}K. Furthermore, we characterize in detail the coupling of the membrane to the atoms by means of sympathetic cooling. By simultaneously applying both cooling methods we demonstrate the possibility of preparing the oscillator near the motional ground state while it is coupled to the atoms. Realistic modifications of our setup will enable the creation of a ground state hybrid quantum system, which opens the door for coherent quantum state transfer, teleportation and entanglement as well as quantum enhanced sensing applications.

Published
2018
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10. Probing the Nanoskyrmion Lattice on Fe/Ir(111) with Magnetic Exchange Force Microscopy

Author

Grenz, Josef, Köhler, Arne, Schwarz, Alexander, and Wiesendanger, Roland

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science
Abstract

We demonstrate that the magnetic nanoskyrmion lattice on the Fe monolayer on Ir(111) and the positions of the Fe atoms can be resolved simultaneously using magnetic exchange force microscopy. Thus, the relation between magnetic and atomic structure can be determined straightforwardly by evaluating the Fourier transformation of the real space image data. We further show that the magnetic contrast can be mapped on a Heisenberg-like magnetic interaction between tip and sample spins. Since our imaging technique is based on measuring forces, our observation paves the way to study skyrmions or other complex spin textures on insulating sample systems with atomic resolution.

Published
2017
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11. Identification of Reliable Reference Genes for Use in Gene Expression Studies in Rat Febrile Seizure Model.

Author

Kovalenko, Anna A., Zakharova, Maria V., Schwarz, Alexander P., Zubareva, Olga E., and Zaitsev, Aleksey V.

Subjects
REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, GENE expression, FEBRILE seizures, PREFRONTAL cortex, BRAIN anatomy
Abstract

The study of the pathogenesis of febrile seizures and their consequences frequently necessitates gene expression analysis. The primary methodology employed for such analysis is reverse transcription with quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). To ensure the accuracy of data obtained by RT-qPCR, it is crucial to utilize stably expressed reference genes. The objective of this study was to identify the most suitable reference genes for use in the analysis of mRNA production in various brain regions of rats following prolonged neonatal febrile seizures. The expression stability of eight housekeeping genes was evaluated using the online tool RefFinder in the dorsal and ventral hippocampal regions and in the temporal and medial prefrontal cortex of the brain. The Ppia gene exhibited the greatest stability of expression. Conversely, the genes with the least stable expression levels were Actb and Ywhaz; thus, it is not recommended to use them for normalization in a febrile seizure model. Additionally, the majority of housekeeping genes demonstrate age-related, region-specific fluctuations. Therefore, it is crucial to employ the appropriate housekeeping genes for each brain structure under investigation when examining the expression dynamics of genes of interest in a febrile seizure model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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12. PPARβ/δ Agonist GW0742 Modulates Microglial and Astroglial Gene Expression in a Rat Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Author

Zubareva, Olga E., Kharisova, Adeliya R., Roginskaya, Anna I., Kovalenko, Anna A., Zakharova, Maria V., Schwarz, Alexander P., Sinyak, Denis S., and Zaitsev, Aleksey V.

Subjects
TEMPORAL lobe epilepsy, LABORATORY rats, PEROXISOME proliferator-activated receptors, GENE expression, GENETIC regulation
Abstract

The role of astroglial and microglial cells in the pathogenesis of epilepsy is currently under active investigation. It has been proposed that the activity of these cells may be regulated by the agonists of peroxisome proliferator-activated nuclear receptors (PPARs). This study investigated the effects of a seven-day treatment with the PPAR β/δ agonist GW0742 (Fitorine, 5 mg/kg/day) on the behavior and gene expression of the astroglial and microglial proteins involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis in the rat brain within a lithium–pilocarpine model of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE). TLE resulted in decreased social and increased locomotor activity in the rats, increased expression of astro- and microglial activation marker genes (Gfap, Aif1), pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine genes (Tnfa, Il1b, Il1rn), and altered expression of other microglial (Nlrp3, Arg1) and astroglial (Lcn2, S100a10) genes in the dorsal hippocampus and cerebral cortex. GW0742 attenuated, but did not completely block, some of these impairments. Specifically, the treatment affected Gfap gene expression in the dorsal hippocampus and Aif1 gene expression in the cortex. The GW0742 injections attenuated the TLE-specific enhancement of Nlrp3 and Il1rn gene expression in the cortex. These results suggest that GW0742 may affect the expression of some genes involved in the regulation of epileptogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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14. A millikelvin all-fiber cavity optomechanical apparatus for merging with ultra-cold atoms in a hybrid quantum system

Author

Zhong, Hai, Fläschner, Gotthold, Schwarz, Alexander, Wiesendanger, Roland, Christoph, Philipp, Wagner, Tobias, Bick, Andreas, Staarmann, Christina, Abeln, Benjamin, Sengstock, Klaus, and Becker, Christoph

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors, Physics - Atomic Physics, Physics - Optics
Abstract

We describe the construction of an apparatus designed to realize a hybrid quantum system comprised of a cryogenically cooled mechanical oscillator and ultra-cold $^{87}$Rb atoms coupled via light. The outstanding feature of our instrument is an in-situ adjustable asymmetric all-fiber membrane-in-the-middle cavity located inside an ultra-high vacuum dilution refrigerator based cryostat. We show that Bose-Einstein condensates of $N=2\times10^6$ atoms can be produced in less than 20 s and demonstrate a single photon optomechanical coupling strength of $g_0=2\pi\times9$ kHz employing a high-stress Si$_3$N$_4$ membrane with a mechanical quality factor $Q_{\rm m}>10^7$ at a cavity set-up temperature of $T_{\rm MiM}=480$ mK., Comment: 12 pages, 12 figures; added references; modified figures

Published
2016
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15. Set-up of a High-Resolution 300 mK Atomic Force Microscope in an Ultra-High Vacuum Compatible 3He/10T Cryostat

Author

von Allwörden, Henning, Ruschmeier, Kai, Köhler, Arne, Eelbo, Thomas, Schwarz, Alexander, and Wiesendanger, Roland

Subjects
Physics - Instrumentation and Detectors
Abstract

The design of an atomic force microscope with an all-fiber interferometric detection scheme capable of atomic resolution at about 500 mK is presented. The microscope body is connected to a small pumped 3He reservoir with a base temperature of about 300 mK. The bakeable insert with the cooling stage can be moved from its measurement position inside the bore of a superconducting 10 T magnet into an ultra-high vacuum chamber, where tip and sample can be exchanged in-situ. Moreover, single atoms or molecules can be evaporated onto a cold substrate located inside the microscope. Two side chambers are equipped with standard surface preparation and surface analysis tools. The performance of the microscope at low temperatures is demonstrated by resolving single Co atoms on Mn/W(110) and by showing atomic resolution on NaCl(001).

Published
2016
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17. A Selection of Benchmark Problems in Solid Mechanics and Applied Mathematics

Author

Schröder, Jörg, Wick, Thomas, Reese, Stefanie, Wriggers, Peter, Müller, Ralf, Kollmannsberger, Stefan, Kästner, Markus, Schwarz, Alexander, Igelbüscher, Maximilian, Viebahn, Nils, Bayat, Hamid Reza, Wulfinghoff, Stephan, Mang, Katrin, Rank, Ernst, Bog, Tino, D’Angella, Davide, Elhaddad, Mohamed, Hennig, Paul, Düster, Alexander, Garhuom, Wadhah, Hubrich, Simeon, Walloth, Mirjam, Wollner, Winnifried, Kuhn, Charlotte, and Heister, Timo

Published
2021
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18. Exposure to bacterial lipopolysaccharide in early life affects the expression of ionotropic glutamate receptor genes and is accompanied by disturbances in long-term potentiation and cognitive functions in young rats

Author

Zubareva, Olga E., Postnikova, Tatyana Y., Grifluk, Alexandra V., Schwarz, Alexander P., Smolensky, Ilya V., Karepanov, Anton A., Vasilev, Dmitry S., Veniaminova, Ekaterina A., Rotov, Alexander Y., Kalemenev, Sergey V., and Zaitsev, Aleksey V.

Published
2020
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19. Evaluation of Sonographic Muscle Measurement Using Established Muscle Markers

Author

Kremer, Wolfgang Maximilian, Schwarz, Alexander, Schepers, Markus, Labenz, Christian, Hahn, Felix, Sivanathan, Visvakanth, Düber, Christoph, Galle, Peter Robert, and Sprinzl, Martin Franz

Abstract

Loss of muscle quantity and function is associated with frailty and reduced quality of life. Sonography is a simple option to quantify muscle mass, which could be included into routine diagnostic workup. This study was designed to prospectively evaluate sonographic measurement and to compare it with established measurements of muscle quantity and function. Between March 2020 and May 2022, 723 patients were enrolled in the study. Psoas muscle area index (PMAI) and psoas muscle thickness height index (PMTI) were quantified. Thigh muscle thickness indices (TMTI) were either measured without compression (fTMTI) or under compression (cTMTI). Variation coefficient (VC) as well as intra‐ and inter‐observer reliability were analyzed. The reliability and reproducibility of the sonographic morphometry were assessed using two examiners. Sonographic morphometry was compared with established measurements of muscle using computed tomography and hand grip strength, respectively. In 156 patients, sonographic indices were compared with corresponding CT indices. Of the 723 patients included, sonographic indices were compared with hand strength in 429 patients. Interobserver and intraobserver variability showed better results for the femur indices than for the psoas indices (correlation coefficient: 0.8697/0.9118 vs 0.7502/0.7319). Psoas muscle indices correlated best with the reference standard of the SMI. The optimal cut‐off for each muscle index for determining muscle loss according to the SMI and hand grip strength was calculated. Sonography can simplify muscle measurement and should be used in the future. Sonographic muscle indices have the potential to simplify evaluation, especially in risk groups such as patients with liver cirrhosis or other wasting disorders.

Published
2024
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21. Time- and Region-Specific Selection of Reference Genes in the Rat Brain in the Lithium–Pilocarpine Model of Acquired Temporal Lobe Epilepsy.

Author

Schwarz, Alexander P., Zakharova, Maria V., Kovalenko, Anna A., Dyomina, Alexandra V., Zubareva, Olga E., and Zaitsev, Aleksey V.

Subjects
TEMPORAL lobe epilepsy, GENE expression, LABORATORY rats, REVERSE transcriptase polymerase chain reaction, GENES
Abstract

Reverse transcription followed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) is a commonly used tool for gene expression analysis. The selection of stably expressed reference genes is required for accurate normalization. The aim of this study was to identify the optimal reference genes for RT-qPCR normalization in various brain regions of rats at different stages of the lithium–pilocarpine model of acquired epilepsy. We tested the expression stability of nine housekeeping genes commonly used as reference genes in brain research: Actb, Gapdh, B2m, Rpl13a, Sdha, Ppia, Hprt1, Pgk1, and Ywhaz. Based on four standard algorithms (geNorm, NormFinder, BestKeeper, and comparative delta-Ct), we found that after pilocarpine-induced status epilepticus, the stability of the tested reference genes varied significantly between brain regions and depended on time after epileptogenesis induction (3 and 7 days in the latent phase, and 2 months in the chronic phase of the model). Pgk1 and Ywhaz were the most stable, while Actb, Sdha, and B2m demonstrated the lowest stability in the analyzed brain areas. We revealed time- and region-specific changes in the mRNA expression of the housekeeping genes B2m, Actb, Sdha, Rpl13a, Gapdh, Hprt1, and Sdha. These changes were more pronounced in the hippocampal region during the latent phase of the model and are thought to be related to epileptogenesis. Thus, RT-qPCR analysis of mRNA expression in acquired epilepsy models requires careful selection of reference genes depending on the brain region and time of analysis. For the time course study of epileptogenesis in the rat lithium–pilocarpine model, we recommend the use of the Pgk1 and Ywhaz genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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22. Subparaneural injection in popliteal sciatic nerve blocks evaluated by MRI

Author

Büttner Benedikt, Schwarz Alexander, Mewes Caspar, Kristof Katalin, Hinz José, Quintel Michael, Mansur Ashham, and Bergmann Ingo

Subjects
popliteal sciatic nerve block, subparaneural injection, intraneural injection, ultrasound-guidance, magnetic resonance imaging, Medicine
Abstract

Intraneural injection of a local anesthetic can damage the nerve, yet it occurs frequently during distal sciatic block with no neurological sequelae. This has led to a controversy about the optimal needle tip placement that results from the particular anatomy of the sciatic nerve with its paraneural sheath.

Published
2019
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24. Enseignement des langues et theories d'acquisition Sprachunterricht unde Spracherwerbstheorien. (Language Teaching and Acquisition Theories).

Author

Neuchatel Univ. (Switzerland). Inst. de Linguistique. and Schwarz, Alexander

Abstract

This collection of articles on language teaching and language acquisition theories includes: "Enseignement des langues et theories de l'acquisition. Introduction au colloque" ("Language Teaching and Theories of Acquisition. Introduction to the Colloquium") (Rene Richterich); "Apprendre une langue dans l'interaction verbale" ("Language Learning in Verbal Interaction") (Bernard Py); "Processus cognitifs de base dans l'acquisition des langues" ("Basic Cognitive Processes in the Acquisition of Languages") (Daniel Gaonac'h); "L'acquisition du langage: comparer pour generaliser" ("The Acquisition of Language: Comparing for Generalization") (Michele Kail); "Approches comparatives dans l'acquisition des langues: generalisations et applications" ("Comparative Approaches to Language Acquisition: Generalizations and Applications") (Clive Perdue); "Fremdsprachenunterricht auf wissenschaftlicher Grundlage" ("Foreign Language Teaching and Scientific Foundations") (Wolfgang Butzkamm); "Table ronde" ("Round Table") (Anne-Claude Berthoud); and "Recherche et theories en acquisition des langues: quel interet pour les enseignant-e-s?" ("Research and Theories in Language Acquisition: What Interest for Teachers?") (Susanne Wokusch). Individual papers contain references. (MSE)

Published
1996

25. Wie kann man einen virtuellen Gegenstand in einem Metaverse erwerben? — Eine Neubetrachtung des Sachbegriffs i.S.v. § 90 BGB im Kontext des „Metaverse“

Author

Söbbing, Thomas and Schwarz, Alexander

Abstract

Nach Künstlicher Intelligenz wird das nächste „Big Thing“ das Metaversum sein. Dabei sind zahlreiche rechtliche Fragen für diese Welten noch gar nicht betrachtet worden. So z.B. die entscheidende Frage, wie virtuelle Gegenstände in einem Metaversum erworben werden. Dazu gesellt sich die Frage, ob es im Metaversum „Sachen“ geben wird, so wie wir sie heute unter § 90 BGB verstehen. Natürlich kann man diese Frage allzu leicht und voreilig mit einem „Nein“ beantworten. Aber es lohnt sich diese Frage genauer zu betrachten, insbesondere wenn man den Sachbegriff i.S.v. § 90 BGB bejaht, wird dies weitreichende Folgen für die rechtliche Beurteilung des Metaverse unter Aspekten v.a. des BGB, aber auch des UrhG haben.

Published
2024
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36. Anakinra Reduces Epileptogenesis, Provides Neuroprotection, and Attenuates Behavioral Impairments in Rats in the Lithium–Pilocarpine Model of Epilepsy

Author

Dyomina, Alexandra V., primary, Zubareva, Olga E., additional, Smolensky, Ilya V., additional, Vasilev, Dmitry S., additional, Zakharova, Maria V., additional, Kovalenko, Anna A., additional, Schwarz, Alexander P., additional, Ischenko, Alexander M., additional, and Zaitsev, Aleksey V., additional

Published
2020
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39. Unlocking the value and transitional purpose of plant-based meat alternative companies in the German market

Author

Schwarz, Alexander, Fischer, Piret, and Weinrich, Ramona

Abstract

•Meat alternative firms‘ transitional ambitions are critical for sustainable diets.•Firms mostly do not orient activities to comprehensive ideals of sustainable diets.•Firms mostly seek to change how “meat” is being supplied.•Firms mostly do not seek to change consumer demand beyond meat alternatives.•Meat alternatives’ potential to enable sustainable diets merits further attention.

Published
2024
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40. Hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma primarily diagnosed in a cervical lymph node: a case report of a 30-year-old woman with multiple metastases

Author

Behnes Carl Ludwig, Schlegel Christina, Shoukier Moneef, Magiera Isabella, Henschke Frank, Schwarz Alexander, Bremmer Felix, and Loertzer Hagen

Subjects
HLRCC, Fumarate hydratase (fh), Papillary renal cell cancer, Leiomyomatosis, Diseases of the genitourinary system. Urology, RC870-923
Abstract

Abstract Background Papillary renal cell carcinoma is a rare cancer. Some cases can be attributed to individuals with hereditary renal cell carcinomas usually consisting of the clear cell subtype. In addition, two syndromes with hereditary papillary renal cell carcinoma have been described. One is the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma, which is characterized by cutaneous and uterine leiomyomas and renal cell carcinoma mostly consisting of the papillary renal cell carcinoma type II with a worse prognosis. Case presentation We describe a case of a 30-year-old woman with hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma syndrome with extensively metastasized papillary renal cell carcinoma, primarily diagnosed in a cervical lymph node lacking leiomyomas at any site. Conclusion Papillary renal cell carcinoma in young patients should be further investigated for a hereditary variant like the hereditary leiomyomatosis and renal cell carcinoma even if leiomyomas could not be detected. A detailed histological examination and search for mutations is essential for the survival of patients and relatives.

Published
2013
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44. Intravenous alteplase for stroke with unknown time of onset guided by advanced imaging: systematic review and meta-analysis of individual patient data

Author

Thomalla, Götz, Boutitie, Florent, Ma, Henry, Koga, Masatoshi, Ringleb, Peter, Schwamm, Lee H, Wu, Ona, Bendszus, Martin, Bladin, Christopher F, Campbell, Bruce C V, Cheng, Bastian, Churilov, Leonid, Ebinger, Martin, Endres, Matthias, Fiebach, Jochen B, Fukuda-Doi, Mayumi, Inoue, Manabu, Kleinig, Timothy J, Latour, Lawrence L, Lemmens, Robin, Levi, Christopher R, Leys, Didier, Miwa, Kaori, Molina, Carlos A, Muir, Keith W, Nighoghossian, Norbert, Parsons, Mark W, Pedraza, Salvador, Schellinger, Peter D, Schwab, Stefan, Simonsen, Claus Z, Song, Shlee S, Thijs, Vincent, Toni, Danilo, Hsu, Chung Y, Wahlgren, Nils, Yamamoto, Haruko, Yassi, Nawaf, Yoshimura, Sohei, Warach, Steven, Hacke, Werner, Toyoda, Kazunori, Donnan, Geoffrey A, Davis, Stephen M, Gerloff, Christian, Acosta, Boris Raul, Aegidius, Karen, Albiker, Christian, Alegiani, Anna, Almendrote, Miriam, Alonso, Angelika, Althaus, Katharina, Amarenco, Pierre, Amiri, Hemasse, Anders, Bettina, Aniculaesei, Adriana, Appleton, Jason, Arenillas, Juan, Back, Christina, Bähr, Christian, Bardutzky, Jürgen, Baronnet-Chauvet, Flore, Bathe-Peters, Rouven, Bayer-Karpinska, Anna, Becerra, Juan L., Beck, Christoph, Belchí Guillamon, Olga, Benoit, Amandine, Berhoune, Nadia, Bindila, Daniela, Birchenall, Julia, Blanc-Lasserre, Karine, Blanco Gonzales, Miguel, Bobinger, Tobias, Bodechtel, Ulf, Bodiguel, Eric, Bojaryn, Urszula, Bonnet, Louise, Bouamra, Benjamin, Bourgeois, Paul, Boutitie, Florent, Breuer, Lorenz, Breynaert, Ludovic, Broughton, David, Brouns, Raf, Brugirard, Sébastian, Bruneel, Bart, Buggle, Florian, Cakmak, Serkan, Calleja, Ana, Calvet, David, Carrera, David, Chen, Hsin-Chieh, Cheng, Bastian, Cheripelli, Bharath, Cho, Tae-Hee, Choe, Chi-un, Choy, Lillian, Christensen, Hanne, Ciatipis, Mareva, Cloud, Geoffrey, Cogez, Julien, Cortijo, Elisa, Crozier, Sophie, Damgaard, Dorte, Dani, Krishna, De Coene, Beatrijs, De Hollander, Isabel, De Keyser, Jacques, De Klippel, Nina, De Maeseneire, Charlotte, De Smedt, Ann, del Mar Castellanos Rodrigo, Maria, Deltour, Sandrine, Demeestere, Jelle, Derex, Laurent, Desfontaines, Philippe, Dittrich, Ralf, Dixit, Anand, Dobbels, Laurens, Domigo, Valérie, Dorado, Laura, Druart, Charlotte, Dupont, Kristina Hougaard, Dusart, Anne, Dziewas, Rainer, Ebinger, Martin, Ebner, Matthias, Edjali-Goujon, Myriam, Eisele, Philipp, El Tawil, Salwa, Elhfnawy, Ahmed, Endres, Matthias, Etexberria, Ana, Evans, Nicholas, Fandler, Simon, Fazekas, Franz, Felix, Sandra, Fiebach, Jochen B., Fiehler, Jens, Filipov, Alexandra, Filipski, Katharina, Fleischmann, Robert, Foerch, Christian, Ford, Ian, Gaenslen, Alexandra, Galinovic, Ivana, Gancedo, Elena Meseguer, Ganeshan, Ramanan, García Esperón, Carlos, Garrido, Alicia, Gattringer, Thomas, Geraghty, Olivia, Geran, Rohat, Gerloff, Christian, Gerner, Stefan, Godon-Hardy, Sylvie, Göhler, Jos, Golsari, Amir, Gomis, Meritxell, Gorriz, David, Gramse, Verena, Grau, Laia, Griebe, Martin, Guerrero, Cristina, Guerzoglu, Damla, Guettier, Sophie, Guiraud, Vincent, Gumbinger, Christoph, Gunreben, Ignaz, Haertig, Florian, Hametner, Christian, Hanseeuw, Bernard, Hansen, Andreas, Hansen, Jakob, Harbo, Thomas, Harloff, Andreas, Harmel, Peter, Häusler, Karl Georg, Heinen, Florian, Held, Valentin, Hellwig, Simon, Hemelsoet, Dimitri, Hennerici, Michael, Herm, Juliane, Hermans, Sylvia, Hernández, María, Hervas Vicente, Jose, Hjort, Niels, Hobeanu, Cristina, Hobohm, Carsten, Höfner, Elmar, Hohenbichler, Katharina, Hommel, Marc, Hoppe, Julia, Hornberger, Eva, Hoyer, Carolin, Huang, Xuya, Ipsen, Nils, Isern, Irina, Ispierto, Lourdes, Iversen, Helle, Jeppesen, Lise, Jimenez, Marta, Jungehülsing, Jan, Jüttler, Eric, Kalladka, Dheeraj, Kallmünzer, Bernd, Kar, Arindam, Kellert, Lars, Kemmling, André, Kessler, Tobias, Khan, Usman, Klein, Matthias, Kleinschnitz, Christoph, Klockziem, Matti, Knops, Michael, Koehler, Luzie, Koehrmann, Martin, Kohlfürst, Heinz, Kollmar, Rainer, Kraft, Peter, Krause, Thomas, Kristensen, Bo, Kröber, Jan M., Kurka, 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Mackey, E., Macleod, M., Mahadevan, J., Maxwell, V., McCoy, R., McDonald, A., McModie, S., Meretoja, A., Mishra, S., Mitchell, P.J., Miteff, F., Moore, A., Muller, C., Ng, F., Ng, F.C., Ng, J-L., O'Brian, W., O'Collins, V., Oxley, T.J., Parsons, M.W., Patel, S., Peng, G.S., Pesavento, L., Phan, T., Rodrigues, E., Ross, Z., Sabet, A., Sallaberger, M., Salvaris, P., Shah, D., Sharma, G., Sibolt, G., Simpson, M., Singhal, S., Snow, B., Spratt, N., Stark, R., Sturm, J., Sun, M.C., Sun, Y., Sung, P.S., Sung, Y.F., Suzuki, M., Tan, M., Tang, S.C., Tatlisumak, T., Thijs, V., Tiainen, M., Tsai, C.H., Tsai, C.K., Tsai, C.L., Tsai, H.T., Tsai, L.K., Tseng, C.H., Tseng, L.T., Tsoleridis, J., Tu, H., Tu, H.T-H., Vallat, W., Virta, J., Wang, W.C., Wang, Y.T., Waters, M., Weir, L., Wijeratne, T., Williams, C., Wilson, W., Wong, A.A., Wong, K., Wu, T.Y., Wu, Y.H., Yan, B., Yang, F.C., Yang, Y.W., Yassi, N., Yeh, H.L., Yeh, J.H., Yeh, S.J., Yen, C.H., Young, D., Ysai, C.L., Zhang, W.W., Zhao, H., Zhao, L., Althaus-Knaurer, Katharina, Bendszus, Martin, Berrouschot, Jörg, Bluhmki, Erich, Bovi, Paolo, Chatellier, Gilles, Cove, Lynda, Davis, Stephen, Dixit, A., Donnan, Geoffrey, Dziewas, Rainer, Ehrenkrona, Christina, Eschenfelder, Christoph, Fatar, Marc, Francisco Arenillas, Juan, Gruber, Franz, Hacke, Werner, Kala, Lalit, Kapeller, Peter, Kaste, Markku, Kessler, Christof, Köhrmann, Martin, Laage, Rico, Lees, Kennedy R., Leys, Didier, Luna Rodriguez, Alain, Mas, Jean-Louis, Mikulik, Robert, Molina, Carlos, Muddegowda, Girish, Muir, Keith, Niederkorn, Kurt, Nuñez, Xavier, Oppenheim, Catherine, Poli, Sven, Ringleb, Peter, Schellinger, Peter, Schwab, Stefan, Serena, Joaquin, Sobesky, Jan, Steiner, Thorsten, Svenson, Ann-Sofie, Toni, Danilo, Veltkamp, Roland, von Kummer, Rüdiger, Wahlgren, Nils, Wardlaw, Joanna, Betensky, Rebecca A., Boulouis, Gregoire, Carandang, Raphael A., Copen, William A., Cougo, Pedro, Cutting, Shawna, Drake, Kendra, Ford, Andria L., Hallenbeck, John, Harris, Gordon J., Hoesch, Robert, Hsia, Amie, Kase, Carlos, Latour, Lawrence, Lauer, Arne, Lev, Michael H., Muzikansky, Alona, Nagaraja, Nandakumar, Schwamm, Lee H., Searls, Eric, Song, Shlee S., Starkman, Sidney, Warach, Steven, Wu, Ona, Yoo, Albert J., and Zand, Ramin

Abstract

Patients who have had a stroke with unknown time of onset have been previously excluded from thrombolysis. We aimed to establish whether intravenous alteplase is safe and effective in such patients when salvageable tissue has been identified with imaging biomarkers.

Published
2020
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46. Relativistic few-cycle pulses with high contrast from picosecond-pumped OPCPA

Author

Kessel, Alexander, Leshchenko, Vyacheslav E., Jahn, Olga, Krüger, Mathias, Münzer, Andreas, Schwarz, Alexander, Pervak, Vladimir, Trubetskov, Michael, Trushin, Sergei A., Krausz, Ferenc, Major, Zsuzsanna, and Karsch, Stefan

Abstract

For experiments in plasma, nuclear, and high-energy physics, there is a strong demand for laser pulses exhibiting relativistic intensity, few-cycle pulse duration, and a very high contrast. Here we present a picosecond-pumped optical parametric chirped pulse amplification (OPCPA) system delivering pulses at 10 Hz repetition rate with the following key parameters: a compressed pulse duration of less than 7 fs (close to the Fourier limit), a contrast of better than 10^11 starting from 1 ps before the main pulse, and a peak intensity of 6.9×10^19  W/cm^2 achieved with an off-axis parabolic mirror (f/1.6). In a proof-of-principle experiment, these pulses were used to generate high harmonics from solid surfaces with photon energies exceeding 55 eV. These results underline the promising perspectives of the reported system for relativistic light–matter interaction experiments and attosecond science.

Published
2018

47. A comparative study of mixed least-squares FEMs for the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations

Author

Schwarz, Alexander, Nickaeen, Masoud, Serdas, Serdar, Nisters, Carina, Ouazzi, Abderrahim, Schröder, Jörg, and Turek, Stefan

Abstract

In the present contribution, we compare (quantitatively) different mixed least-squares finite element methods (LSFEMs) with respect to computational costs and accuracy. Various first-order systems are derived based on the residual forms of the equilibrium equation and the continuity condition. The first formulation under consideration is a div-grad first-order system resulting in a three-field formulation with total stresses, velocities, and pressure (S-V-P) as unknowns. Here, the variables are approximated in H(div) × H1× L2on triangles and in H1× H1× L2on quadrilaterals. In addition to that a reduced stress-velocity (S-V) formulation is derived and investigated. S-V-P and S-V formulations are promising approaches when the stresses are of special interest, e.g., for non-Newtonian, multiphase or turbulent flows. The main focus of the work is drawn to performance and accuracy aspects on the one side for finite elements with different interpolation orders and on the other side on the usage of efficient solvers, for instance of Krylov-space or multigrid type.

Published
2018
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49. Affinity Purification Techniques for Monoclonal Antibodies.

Author

Walker, John M. and Schwarz, Alexander

Abstract

Monoclonal antibodies have many applications in biotechnology such as imMunoaffinity chromatography, imMunodiagnostics, imMunotherapy, drug targeting, biosensors, and many others. For all these purposes homogeneous antibody preparation are needed. Affinity chromatography, which relies on the specific interaction between an imMobilized ligand and a particular molecule sought to be purified, is a wellknown technique to purify proteins from solution. Three different affinity techniques for the one-step purification of antibodies-protein A, thiophilic adsorption, and imMobilized metal affinity chromatography-are described in this chapter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2002
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50. Electro-optic sampling of near-infrared waveforms

Author

Keiber, Sabine, Sederberg, Shawn, Schwarz, Alexander, Trubetskov, Michael, Pervak, Volodymyr, Krausz, Ferenc, and Karpowicz, Nicholas

Abstract

Access to the complete electric field evolution of a laser pulse is essential for attosecond science in general, and for the scrutiny and control of electron phenomena in solid-state physics specifically. Time-resolved field measurements are routine in the terahertz spectral range, using electro-optic sampling (EOS), photoconductive switches and field-induced second harmonic generation. EOS in particular features outstanding sensitivity and ease of use, making it the basis of time-resolved spectroscopic measurements for studying charge carrier dynamics and active optical devices. In this Letter, we show that careful optical filtering allows the bandwidth of this technique to be extended to wavelengths as short as 1.2 μm (230 THz) with half-cycle durations 2.3 times shorter than the sampling pulse. In a proof-of-principle application, we measure the influence of optical parametric amplification (OPA) on the electric field dynamics of a few-cycle near-infrared (NIR) pulse.

Published
2016
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