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Your search keyword '"Schwartz, T.W."' showing total 45 results
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45 results on '"Schwartz, T.W."'

1. Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1)

Author

Müller, T.D., Finan, B., Bloom, S.R., D'Alessio, D., Drucker, D.J., Flatt, P.R., Fritsche, A., Gribble, F., Grill, H.J., Habener, J.F., Holst, J.J., Langhans, W., Meier, J.J., Nauck, M.A., Perez-Tilve, D., Pocai, A., Reimann, F., Sandoval, D.A., Schwartz, T.W., Seeley, R.J., Stemmer, K., Tang-Christensen, M., Woods, S.C., DiMarchi, R.D., and Tschöp, M.H.

Published
2019
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3. Ghrelin

Author

Müller, T.D., Nogueiras, R., Andermann, M.L., Andrews, Z.B., Anker, S.D., Argente, J., Batterham, R.L., Benoit, S.C., Bowers, C.Y., Broglio, F., Casanueva, F.F., D'Alessio, D., Depoortere, I., Geliebter, A., Ghigo, E., Cole, P.A., Cowley, M., Cummings, D.E., Dagher, A., Diano, S., Dickson, S.L., Diéguez, C., Granata, R., Grill, H.J., Grove, K., Habegger, K.M., Heppner, K., Heiman, M.L., Holsen, L., Holst, B., Inui, A., Jansson, J.O., Kirchner, H., Korbonits, M., Laferrère, B., LeRoux, C.W., Lopez, M., Morin, S., Nakazato, M., Nass, R., Perez-Tilve, D., Pfluger, P.T., Schwartz, T.W., Seeley, R.J., Sleeman, M., Sun, Y., Sussel, L., Tong, J., Thorner, M.O., van der Lely, A.J., van der Ploeg, L.H.T., Zigman, J.M., Kojima, M., Kangawa, K., Smith, R.G., Horvath, T., and Tschöp, M.H.

Published
2015
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4. Why Warburg Works: Lactate Controls Immune Evasion through GPR81

Author

Lundø, K., Trauelsen, M., Pedersen, S.F., and Schwartz, T.W.

Abstract

Lactate accumulation in tumors-a hallmark of the Warburg effect-has recently been shown to regulate cancer cell metabolism and survival through autocrine activation of GPR81. Now, Brown et al. (2020) demonstrate that lactate surprisingly also controls immune evasion through paracrine activation of GPR81 on stromal dendritic cells.

Published
2020

10. A library of 7TM receptor C-terminal tails - Interactions with the proposed post-endocytic sorting proteins ERM-binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50), N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor (NSF), sorting nexin 1 (SNX1), and G protein-coupled receptor-associated sorting protein (GASP)

Author

Heydorn, A., Sondergaard, B.P., Ersbøll, Bjarne Kjær, Holst, B., Nielsen, F.C., Haft, C.R., Whistler, J., Schwartz, T.W., Heydorn, A., Sondergaard, B.P., Ersbøll, Bjarne Kjær, Holst, B., Nielsen, F.C., Haft, C.R., Whistler, J., and Schwartz, T.W.

Abstract

Adaptor and scaffolding proteins determine the cellular targeting, the spatial, and thereby the functional association of G protein-coupled seven-transmembrane receptors with co-receptors, transducers, and downstream effectors and the adaptors determine post-signaling events such as receptor sequestration through interactions, mainly with the C-terminal intracellular tails of the receptors. A library of tails from 59 representative members of the super family of seven-transmembrane receptors was probed as glutathione S-transferase fusion proteins for interactions with four different adaptor proteins previously proposed to be involved in post-endocytotic sorting of receptors. Of the two proteins suggested to target receptors for recycling to the cell membrane, which is the route believed to be taken by a majority of receptors, ERM (ezrin-radixin-moesin)binding phosphoprotein 50 (EBP50) bound only a single receptor tail, i.e. the beta(2)-adrenergic receptor, whereas N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor bound 11 of the tail-fusion proteins. Of the two proteins proposed to target receptors for lysosomal degradation, sorting nexin 1 (SNX1) bound 10 and the C-terminal domain of G protein-coupled receptor-associated sorting protein bound 23 of the 59 tail proteins. Surface plasmon resonance analysis of the binding kinetics of selected hits from the glutathione S-transferase pull-down experiments, i.e. the tails of the virally encoded receptor US28 and the delta-opioid receptor, confirmed the expected nanomolar affinities for interaction with SNX1. Truncations of the NK1 receptor revealed that an extended binding epitope is responsible for the interaction with both SNX1 and G protein-coupled receptor-associated sorting protein as well as with N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor. It is concluded that the tail library provides useful information on the general importance of certain adaptor proteins, for example, in this case, ruling out EBP50 as being a broad spectrum-recycling ad

Published
2004

11. The carboxyl terminus of human cytomegalovirus-encoded 7 transmembrane receptor US28 camouflages agonism by mediating constitutive endocytosis

Author

Waldhoer, M., Casarosa, P, Rosenkilde, M.M., Smit, M.J., Leurs, R., Whistler, J.L., Schwartz, T.W., Waldhoer, M., Casarosa, P, Rosenkilde, M.M., Smit, M.J., Leurs, R., Whistler, J.L., and Schwartz, T.W.

Abstract

US28 is one of four 7 transmembrane (7TM) chemokine receptors encoded by human cytomegalovirus and has been shown to both signal and endocytose in a ligand-independent, constitutively active manner. Here we show that the constitutive activity and constitutive endocytosis properties of US28 are separable entities in this viral chemokine receptor. We generated chimeric and mutant US28 proteins that were altered in either their constitutive endocytic (US28Δ300, US28Δ317, US28-NK

Published
2003
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21. Studies of relationships between variation of the human G protein-coupled receptor 40 Gene and Type 2 diabetes and insulin release.

Author

Hamid, Y.H., Vissing, H., Holst, B., Urhammer, S.A., Pyke, C., Hansen, S.K., Glümer, C., Borch-Johnsen, K., Jørgensen, T., Schwartz, T.W., Pedersen, O., and Hansen, T.

Subjects
G proteins, MEMBRANE proteins, TYPE 2 diabetes, INSULIN, GENETICS, DIABETES
Abstract

Recently, a novel human G protein-coupled receptor 40 (GPR40), which is predominantly expressed in pancreatic islets, was shown to mediate an amplifying effect of long-chain fatty acids on glucose-induced insulin secretion. The present aim was to examine the coding region ofGPR40for variation and to assess whether identified variants confer an increased risk of Type 2 diabetes or altered insulin release.Mutation analysis was performed in 43 patients with Type 2 diabetes, 18 normal glucose-tolerant subjects, and 3 maturity-onset of diabetes in the young (MODY) X patients using direct sequencing. Genotyping was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-generated primer extension products analysis by high throughput chip-based mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF). The potential impact ofGPR40mutations on[3H]-myo-inositol turnover was estimated in COS-7 cells after stimulation with various concentrations of 5,8,11-eicosatriynoic acid.Two nucleotide substitutions, an Arg211His polymorphism and a rare Asp175Asn mutation, were identified. Both variants showed EC50 values similar to the wild type. However, the maximal efficacy of the rare Asp175Asn was 39% lower compared with the wild type (P = 0.01). The Arg211His polymorphism had a similar allele frequency among 1384 Type 2 diabetic patients[MAF%; 23.4 (95% CI: 21.8–25.0)] and 4424 middle-aged glucose-tolerant subjects[24.1% (23.2–25.0)]. A genotype-quantitative trait study of 5597 non-diabetic, middle-aged subjects from the Inter99 cohort showed no significant differences in oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT)-derived estimates of insulin release between carriers of various GPR40 genotypes.Variations in the coding region ofGPR40do not appear to be associated with Type 2 diabetes or insulin release alterations.Diabet. Med. 22, 74 –80 (2005) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2005
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24. A cDNA encoding a small common precursor for human pancreatic polypeptide and pancreatic icosapeptide.

Author

Boel, E., Schwartz, T.W., Norris, K.E., and Fiil, N.P.

Abstract

A cDNA for the hormone, human pancreatic polypeptide (PP), was isolated by oligodeoxynucleotide screening from a cDNA library constructed from normal human pancreatic mRNA. The primary structure of the precursor protein as deduced from the cDNA sequence is 95 amino acids long and is composed of a typical, but rather long signal peptide of 29 residues, followed by the sequence of the 36 amino acid human pancreatic polypeptide, which again is separated from the human pancreatic icosapeptide sequence by a classic cleavage and amidation site, Gly‐Lys‐Arg. The precursor terminates in a heptapeptide which is cleaved from the icosapeptide at a monobasic processing site. Both the size and the structure of the PP precursor was supported by the results of peptide analysis of biosynthetically labeled pro‐PP isolated from canine PP cells in which processing was prevented by the arginine analogue canavanine. It is concluded that the precursor for mammalian PP gives rise to two peptide products, the well preserved, carboxyamidated PP and an icosapeptide which is preserved only in its COOH‐terminal end, plus a small highly variable COOH‐terminal oligopeptide.

Published
1984
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25. Truncated glucagon-like peptide I, an insulin-releasing hormone from the distal gut

Author

Holst, J.J., Ørskov, C., Vagn Nielsen, O., and Schwartz, T.W.

Abstract

By hydrophobic gel permeation and high pressure liquid chromatography we isolated from pig intestinal mucosa a peptide which corresponds to proglucagon 78–107 as suggested by chromatography and determination of its N-terminal sequence. Natural and synthetic proglucagon 78–107 dose dependently and potently increased insulin secretion from the isolated perfused pig pancreas. Proglucagon 78–107 also secreted by the small intestine may participate in the hormonal control of insulin secretion.

Published
1987
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26. Cellular peptide processing after a single arginyl residue. Studies on the common precursor for pancreatic polypeptide and pancreatic icosapeptide.

Author

Schwartz, T.W.

Abstract

The processing of the common precursor for pancreatic polypeptide and pancreatic icosapeptide was studied in primary cultures of endocrine cells isolated from the duodenal part of the canine pancreas. Biosynthetically labeled peptides were characterized by enzymatic digestion and radiosequencing and compared to a COOH-terminally extended form of the icosapeptide which was isolated from canine pancreas and also sequenced. It was substantiated that, in these cell cultures, processing can be studied at a classical dibasic site between the pancreatic polypeptide and the icosapeptide, and at a monobasic processing site between the icosapeptide and its COOH-terminal extension. Pulse-chase experiments showed that the monobasic cleavage occurs later than the dibasic one in the biosynthetic process; the monobasic site was apparently not cleaved before the prohormone had been processed at the dibasic site. The monobasic processing could also be distinguished from the dibasic cleavage mechanism as, in time, the cells gradually lost the ability to cleave at the monobasic site while the dibasic processing was unaffected. It is concluded that monobasic conversion, which is important in the activation of a series of hormones, neuropeptides, and growth factors, is a distinct cellular processing mechanism.

Published
1987
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27. Impaired response of pancreatic polypeptide to hypoglycaemia: an early sign of autonomic neuropathy in diabetics.

Author

Krarup, T., Schwartz, T.W., Hilsted, J., Madsbad, S., Verlaege, O., and Sestoft, L.

Subjects
*PEPTIDE hormones, *HYPOGLYCEMIA
Abstract

Examines the impaired response of pancreatic polypeptide (PP) to hypoglycemia. Reference to autonomic neuropathy in diabetics; Similarity to the impaired glucagon response; Association of a deteriorated PP response and vibration sense.

Published
1979
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28. Vagal slowing of the heart during haemorrhage: observations from 20 consecutive hypotensive patients.

Author

Sander-Jensen, K., Secher, N.H., Bie, P., Warberg, J., and Schwartz, T.W.

Subjects
HEART conduction system, BLOOD pressure measurement
Abstract

Examines vagal activities of the heart during hemorrhage. Evaluation of heart rate and arterial blood pressure; Effects of blood and crystalloids administration; Characterization of hypotensive hypovolemic shock reflecting vagal tone.

Published
1986
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31. PANCREATIC SOMATOSTATINOMA

Author

Larsson, L.-I., primary, Holst, J.J., additional, Kühl, C., additional, Lundqvist, G., additional, Hirsch, M.A., additional, Ingemansson, S., additional, Lindkaer Jensen, S., additional, Rehfeld, J.F., additional, and Schwartz, T.W., additional

Published
1977
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44. A broad-spectrum chemokine antagonist encoded by Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus

Author

Kledal, T.N., Rosenkilde, M.M., Coulin, F., Simmons, G., Johnsen, A.H., Alouani, S., Power, C.A., Luttichau, H.R., Gerstoft, J., Clapham, P.R., Clarklewis, I., Wells, T.N.C., and Schwartz, T.W.

Subjects
Cytokines -- Identification and classification -- Physiological aspects, Herpesviruses -- Physiological aspects, Health, Identification and classification, Physiological aspects
Abstract

Kledal, T.N.; Rosenkilde, M.M.; Coulin, F.; Simmons, G.; Johnsen, A.H.; Alouani, S.; Power, C.A.; Luttichau, H.R.; Gerstoft, J.; Clapham, P.R.; Clark- lewis, I.; Wells, T.N.C.; Schwartz, T.W. 'A Broad-Spectrum Chemokine [...]

Published
1997

45. Potent inhibition of HIV-1 infectivity in macrophages and lymphocytes by a novel CCR5 antagonist

Author

Simmons, G., Clapham, P.R., Picard, L., Offord, R.E., Rosenkilde, M.M., Schwartz, T.W., Buser, R., Wells, T.N.C., and Proudfoot, A.E.I.

Subjects
HIV (Viruses) -- Receptors, HIV infection -- Physiological aspects
Abstract

According to the authors' abstract of an article published in Science, "The chemokine receptors CXCR4 and CCR5 have recently been shown to act as coreceptors, in concert with CD4, for [...]

Published
1997

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