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Einleitung: Mit der Entwicklung von Antikörper-Wirkstoff-Konjugaten (ADC) wurde das Arsenal an wirksamen Therapieoptionen für Patienten mit metastasiertem Urothelkarzinom (mUC) erweitert. Enfortumab Vedotin (EV), ein ADC, das auf das Oberflächenprotein Nectin-4 abzielt, und das Anti-Trop-2-ADC [zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL]

Reactivation of latent Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and/or Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a dreaded complication in immunocompromised patients receiving hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Evidence is sparse if subclinical reactivation of viral infection may also be of clinical relevance in dermatological patients. We screened patients (n= 206) suffering from chronic skin diseases for subclinical reactivation of EBV and CMV infection. We found that immunocompromised patients with therapy-refractory chronic skin diseases showed higher rates of subclinical reactivation of CMV and EBV infection (6.7 % vs. 0 % for EBV and 16.7 % vs. 5.6% for CMV) and higher prevalence of virus specific DNA in skin tissue (30.8 % vs. 0% for EBV and 21.4% vs. 0% for CMV) as compared to non-immunocompromised patients with chronic skin diseases. T cells isolated from lesional skin exhibited up to 14-fold increased proliferation with production of Th1 and Th17 cytokines upon stimulation with viral proteins providing evidence for possible aggravation of the underlying skin diseases by viral infection. Improvement of skin lesions in patients with reactivation of CMV infection (n=4) was observed upon anti-viral treatment. Our data suggests that subclinical reactivation of EBV and/or CMV infection is an under-recognized condition in the dermatological patient population with chronic skin diseases.

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) has become a valuable tool in cancer research. Even more, due to its capability to directly link molecular changes with histology, it holds the prospect to revolutionize tissue-based diagnostics. In order to learn to walk before running, however, information obtained through classical histology should not be neglected but rather used to its full capacity and integrated with mass spectrometry data to lead to a superior molecular histology synthesis. In order to achieve this, pathomorphological analyses have to be integrated into MSI analyses right from the beginning to avoid errors and pitfalls of MSI application possibly leading to incorrect or imprecise study outcomes. Such errors can be caused by different sample or tissue inherent factors or through factors in sample preparation. Future studies should, therefore, aim for a comprehensive incorporation of histology and pathology characteristics to ensure the generation of high-quality data in MSI to exploit its full capacity in tissue-based basic and translational research.

A liver biopsy specimen from a Wilson's disease (WD) patient was analyzed by means of micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) spectroscopy to determine the elemental distribution. First, bench-top μXRF was utilized for a coarse scan of the sample under laboratory conditions. The resulting distribution maps of copper and iron enabled the determination of a region of interest (ROI) for further analysis. In order to obtain more detailed elemental information, this ROI was analyzed by synchrotron radiation (SR)-based μXRF with a beam size of 4 μm offering a resolution at the cellular level. Distribution maps of additional elements to copper and iron like zinc and manganese were obtained due to a higher sensitivity of SR-μXRF. In addition to this, X-ray absorption near edge structure spectroscopy (XANES) was performed to identify the oxidation states of copper in WD. This speciation analysis indicated a mixture of copper(i) and copper(ii) within the WD liver tissue.

Purpose: Introduction of lenalidomide has expanded the therapeutic options for refractory and recurrent multiple myeloma (MM) patients. However, the application of the approved doses may be difficult in some patients due to adverse effects. Experimental design: Therefore, we evaluated the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide in 10 patients with relapsed and refractory MM who received a reduced dose due to leukopenia (4), polyneuropathy (1), muscle cramps (1), thrombocytopenia (1), renal insufficiency (1), at the request of patient (1), as continuous therapy (1), either from the beginning (2) or during treatment (8). They received lenalidomide at a mean (median) daily dose of 14 (15) mg/d once a day (days 1–21 every 28 days) in combination with dexamethasone at a mean (median) dose of 17.6 (28) mg per day (4–40 mg) on days 1–4, 9–12 and 17–20. Results: Mean (median) duration of treatment with lenalidomide was 15.1 (15) months. Partial response or better was reported in seven and minimal response or better was reported in eight patients. Mean (median) values for time-to-progression (TTP) and for progression-free survival (PFS) were 8.7 (4) months. Mean overall survival (OS) has not been reached, all patients are still alive. Conclusion: In conclusion, dose-reduced lenalidomide is an effective and well tolerated treatment for patients with recurrent or refractory MM who cannot tolerate full doses., GMS German Medical Science; 9:Doc26; ISSN 1612-3174

Ascites is a common clinical symptom in liver cirrhosis, inflammatory disorders of the abdomen and a major late manifestation of metastatic malignancies. Standard cytopathological techniques and immunocytochemistry have specificities and sensitivities of approximately 95 and 60%, respectively for the presence of tumor cells. Development of faster and more accurate screening methods would be of great clinical utility. In this work we examined differential analysis of the unbound proteins in the supernatant of ascites fluid by Protein-Chip SELDI mass spectrometry. There were 21 tumor cell-positive and 34 tumor cell-negative samples. We used principal component analysis coupled with linear regression applied to the mass spectra of the samples to distinguish between the sample groups. Two sample sets for statistical analysis were created after randomization, a training set with 37 samples and a validation set with 18 samples resulting in a specificity of 93% and a sensitivity of 83% on the training set. The validation set yielded a specificity and sensitivity of 75%. This study suggests that SELDI-TOF mass spectrometry appears to have great potential as a surrogate diagnostic tool to evaluate effusion specimens.