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BackgroundInternet-based cognitive behavior therapy (iCBT) interventions have the potential to help individuals with depression, regardless of time and location. Yet, limited information exists on the longer-term (>6 months) effects of iCBT and adherence to these interventions. ObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to evaluate the longitudinal (12 months) effectiveness of a fully automated, self-guided iCBT intervention called Thrive, designed to enhance engagement with a rural population of adults with depression symptoms. The secondary aim was to determine whether the program adherence enhanced the effectiveness of the Thrive intervention. MethodsWe analyzed data from 181 adults who used the Thrive intervention. Using self-reports, participants were evaluated at baseline, 8 weeks, 6 months, and 12 months for the primary outcome of depression symptom severity using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) scale and secondary outcome measures, namely, the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale-7 (GAD-7) scores, Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) scores, Conner-Davidson Resilience Scale-10 (CD-RISC-10) scores, and suicidal ideation (ninth item of the PHQ-9 scale) scores. The Thrive program adherence was measured using the numbers of program logins, page views, and lessons completed. ResultsThe assessment response rates for 8-week, 6-month, and 12-month outcomes were 58.6% (106/181), 50.3% (91/181), and 51.4% (93/181), respectively. By 8 weeks, significant improvements were observed for all outcome measures. These improvements were maintained at 12 months with mean reductions in severities of depression (mean –6.5; P1) at 6 months (16.5%) and 12 months (17.2%) compared to baseline (39.8%) (P

American Indian youth experience teen birth and school dropout at higher rates than other racial and ethnic groups in the United States. Early childbearing is associated with adverse health and socioeconomic outcomes, including attenuated education. However, kinship childrearing norms among Northern Plains tribes can support positive experiences of early childbearing. Using a community based participatory research framework, this mixed methods exploratory study engaged high school students from a Northern Plains reservation community to examine youth perceptions of family support and belief in ability to stay in school should they have a child. We elicited youth observations of facilitators and inhibitors to academic achievement for young parents. This research supports the need for strengths-based, gender specific, and family inclusive sexuality education to support young people in their reproductive choices in reservation settings. We highlight the utility of including youth as coauthors and co-researchers in future studies.

The keys to understanding reversed-phase liquid chromatography (LC) are provided at the molecular mechanism level as determined by high accuracy molecular simulation. The essential features of [C.sub.18] stationary-phase chains in [...]

The use and evolution of the two-dimensional liquid chromatography (LCxLC) technique is explored with respect to instrumentation and applications. ********** As more separation scientists become involved with multidimensional liquid chromatography [...]

Purpose: Monitoring suicide risk in clinical practice requires valid and reliable assessment instruments. This study evaluated the psychometric properties of the 7‐item version of the Concise Health Risk Tracking Self‐Report, CHRT‐SR7 in a primarily rural population. Methods: The sample comprised 788 participants (81.7% female) of an effectiveness trial of an internet‐based self‐help intervention for depression. Participants completed self‐report questionnaires, including the CHRT‐SR7, Patient Health Questionnaire‐9, Generalized Anxiety Disorder‐7, Work and Social Adjustment Scale, Connor‐Davidson Resilience Scale‐10, and Barriers to Seeking Mental Health Care. Four‐week test‐retest reliability was calculated for a subsample of 147 participants randomized to a waitlist control group. Findings: The CHRT‐SR7 internal consistency was α = 0.80 (total sample), α = 0.80 (women), and α = 0.83 (men). The 4‐week test‐retest reliability was strong for women (r = 0.78) and moderate for men (r = 0.66). Confirmatory factor analysis supported the original 3‐factor solution: Hopelessness (2 items), Perceived Lack of Social Support (2 items), and Current Suicidal Thoughts and Plans (3 items), which was invariant across gender and rural status. Convergent and divergent validity was supported as reflected in significant correlations of the CHRT‐SR7 and its subscales with measures of depression, anxiety, adjustment, and resilience. Limitations include the limited demographic diversity (mostly non‐Hispanic White women) and reliance on self‐report data. Conclusions: Our findings complement those reported in prior studies of patients with severe depression and support the use of the CHRT‐SR7 for measuring suicide risk in rural adults; future studies should further test the instrument's psychometric properties in racial or ethnic minority rural residents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stationary phases with embedded polar groups possess several advantages over conventional alkylsilane phases, such as reduced peak tailing, enhanced selectivity for specific functional groups, and the ability to use a highly aqueous mobile phase. To gain a deeper understanding of the retentive properties of these reversed-phase packings, molecular simulations were carried out for three different stationary phases in contact with mobile phases of various water/methanol ratios. Two polar-embedded phases were modeled, namely, amide and ether containing, and compared to a conventional octadecylsilane phase. The simulations show that, due to specific hydrogen bond interactions, the polar-embedded phases take up significantly more solvent and are more ordered than their alkyl counterparts. Alkane and alcohol probe solutes indicate that the polar-embedded phases are less retentive than alkyl phases for nonpolar species, whereas polar species are more retained by them due to hydrogen bonding with the embedded groups and the increased amount of solvent within the stationary phase. This leads to a significant reduction of the free-energy barrier for the transfer of polar species from the mobile phase to residual silanols, and this reduced barrier provides a possible explanation for reduced peak tailing.

A detailed, molecular-level understanding of the retention mechanism in reversed-phase liquid chromatography (RPLC) has eluded analytical chemists for decades. Through validated, particle-based Monte Carlo simulations of a model RPLC system consisting of dimethyloctadecylsilanes at a coverage of 2.9 [micro]mol/[m.sup.2] on an explicit silica substrate with unprotected residual silanols in contact with a water/methanol mobile phase, we show that the molecular-level retention processes for nonpolar and polar analytes, such as alkanes and alcohols, are much more complex than what has been previously deduced from thermodynamic and theoretical arguments. In contrast to some previous assumptions, the simulations indicate that both partitioning and adsorption play a key role in the separation process and that the stationary phase in RPLC behaves substantially different from a bulk hydrocarbon phase. The retention of nonpolar methylene segments is dominated by lipophilic interactions with the retentive phase, while solvophilic interactions are more important for the retention of the polar hydroxyl group.