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3. Low-dose carbon monoxide inhalation to increase total hemoglobin mass and endurance performance: scientific evidence and implications.

Author

Gatterer, Hannes, Dünnwald, Tobias, Woyke, Simon, Faulhaber, Martin, Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, and Schobersberger, Wolfgang

Subjects
CARBON monoxide, HEMOGLOBINS, ALTITUDES, AXIOMS
Abstract

Recently, chronic intermittent inhalation of low-dose carbon monoxide (CO) has been postulated as a practice to increase total hemoglobin mass with potential beneficial effects on endurance performance. In this perspective article, we discuss the potential performance enhancing capabilities as well as the safety concerns, which include individual variability in CO response, and acute and chronic health effects. It is also important to note that according to the World- Anti-Doping-Agency (WADA), CO inhalation could fall under “M1. Manipulation of Blood and Blood Components“ and therefore could be considered a prohibited method if used as a non-diagnostic tool. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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6. Medical services at the FIFA world cup Qatar 2022

Author

Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, primary, Kings, Dan, additional, Whiteley, Rod, additional, Dharman, Abdulaziz, additional, Taqtaq, Gabriel, additional, Mc Court, Pierre, additional, Alkhelaifi, Khalid, additional, Targett, Stephen, additional, Holtzhausen, Louis, additional, Pieles, Guido E, additional, Dzendrowskyj, Peter, additional, Zikria, Bashir Ahmed, additional, Bordalo, Marcelo, additional, Al Hussein, Ibrahim, additional, D'Hooghe, Pieter, additional, Al-Kuwari, Abdulaziz, additional, and Cardinale, Marco, additional

Published
2023
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7. Football in Times of COVID-19: A Recapitulation of Preventive Measures and Infection Control Policies Aiming at a Safe Game Environment.

Author

Chamari, Karim, Dergaa, Ismail, Mujika, Inigo, Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, Tabben, Montassar, and Ben Saad, Helmi

Subjects
SOCCER, INFECTION control, HEALTH policy, PHYSICAL training & conditioning, ATHLETIC ability, COVID-19 pandemic, GOVERNMENT regulation, PREVENTIVE health services, PROFESSIONAL sports
Abstract

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) resulted in sporting event suspensions and cancellations, affecting competition calendars worldwide during 2020 and 2021. This challenged high-performance athletes' capacity to complete physical, technical, or tactical training during restricted movement measures (lockdown). With the Football World Cup organized in the last quarter of 2022, the past period of training and match disturbances challenged footballers concerning their performance and potential higher risk of injury at official matches' resumption. There has been considerable debate about the management of resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic. Governing bodies worldwide implemented measures to ensure a safe resumption of football. These precautionary measures aimed to protect the health of players, their support staff, and officials around the pitch and ensure the enjoyment of the event by spectators in the football stadiums. We have therefore narratively reviewed scientific papers about how football has resumed on the pitch and in the stands with special focus on the COVID-19 infection control strategies allowing footballers to perform again and supporters to enjoy the game after the 2020 global stop to sport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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8. Cannabis and sport: A World Anti‐Doping perspective

Author

Hudzik, Thomas J., primary, Huestis, Marilyn A., additional, Rossi, Sabina Strano, additional, Schumacher, Yorck‐Olaf, additional, Harcourt, Peter, additional, Budgett, Richard, additional, Stuart, Mark, additional, Tettey, Justice, additional, Mazzoni, Irene, additional, Rabin, Olivier, additional, Danion, Anne, additional, Culler, Michael, additional, Handelsman, David, additional, Thevis, Mario, additional, and Kinahan, Audrey, additional

Published
2023
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9. Medical services at the FIFA world cup Qatar 2022.

Author

Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, Kings, Dan, Whiteley, Rod, Dharman, Abdulaziz, Taqtaq, Gabriel, Mc Court, Pierre, Alkhelaifi, Khalid, Targett, Stephen, Holtzhausen, Louis, Pieles, Guido E., Dzendrowskyj, Peter, Zikria, Bashir Ahmed, Bordalo, Marcelo, Al Hussein, Ibrahim, D'Hooghe, Pieter, Al-Kuwari, Abdulaziz, and Cardinale, Marco

Subjects
SOCCER tournaments, OLYMPIC Games, HEALTH care teams, SPORTS tournaments, SENIOR leadership teams, BRAIN concussion, SPORTS physicians
Published
2024
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13. International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 1: acute respiratory infections

Author

Schwellnus, Martin, primary, Adami, Paolo Emilio, additional, Bougault, Valerie, additional, Budgett, Richard, additional, Clemm, Hege Havstad, additional, Derman, Wayne, additional, Erdener, Uğur, additional, Fitch, Ken, additional, Hull, James H, additional, McIntosh, Cameron, additional, Meyer, Tim, additional, Pedersen, Lars, additional, Pyne, David B, additional, Reier-Nilsen, Tonje, additional, Schobersberger, Wolfgang, additional, Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, additional, Sewry, Nicola, additional, Soligard, Torbjørn, additional, Valtonen, Maarit, additional, Webborn, Nick, additional, and Engebretsen, Lars, additional

Published
2022
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15. International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 2:non-infective acute respiratory illness

Author

Schwellnus, Martin, Adami, Paolo Emilio, Bougault, Valerie, Budgett, Richard, Clemm, Hege Havstad, Derman, Wayne, Erdener, Uğur, Fitch, Ken, Hull, James H., McIntosh, Cameron, Meyer, Tim, Pedersen, Lars, Pyne, David B., Reier-Nilsen, Tonje, Schobersberger, Wolfgang, Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, Sewry, Nicola, Soligard, Torbjørn, Valtonen, Maarit, Webborn, Nick, Engebretsen, Lars, Schwellnus, Martin, Adami, Paolo Emilio, Bougault, Valerie, Budgett, Richard, Clemm, Hege Havstad, Derman, Wayne, Erdener, Uğur, Fitch, Ken, Hull, James H., McIntosh, Cameron, Meyer, Tim, Pedersen, Lars, Pyne, David B., Reier-Nilsen, Tonje, Schobersberger, Wolfgang, Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, Sewry, Nicola, Soligard, Torbjørn, Valtonen, Maarit, Webborn, Nick, and Engebretsen, Lars

Abstract

Acute respiratory illness (ARill) is common and threatens the health of athletes. ARill in athletes forms a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to non-infective ARill in athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Committee appointed an international consensus group to review ARill in athletes. Key areas of ARill in athletes were originally identified and six subgroups of the IOC Consensus group established to review the following aspects: (1) epidemiology/risk factors for ARill, (2) infective ARill, (3) non-infective ARill, (4) acute asthma/exercise-induced bronchoconstriction and related conditions, (5) effects of ARill on exercise/ sports performance, medical complications/return-to-sport (RTS) and (6) acute nasal/laryngeal obstruction presenting as ARill. Following several reviews conducted by subgroups, the sections of the consensus documents were allocated to’core’ members for drafting and internal review. An advanced draft of the consensus document was discussed during a meeting of the main consensus core group, and final edits were completed prior to submission of the manuscript. This document (part 2) of this consensus focuses on respiratory conditions causing non-infective ARill in athletes. These include non-inflammatory obstructive nasal, laryngeal, tracheal or bronchial conditions or non-infective inflammatory conditions of the respiratory epithelium that affect the upper and/or lower airways, frequently as a continuum. The following aspects of more common as well as lesser-known non-infective ARill in athletes are reviewed: epidemiology, risk factors, pathology/ pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, management, prevention, medical considerations and risks of illness during exercise, effects of illness on exercise/sports performance and RTS guidelines.

Published
2022

16. International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 1:acute respiratory infections

Author

Schwellnus, Martin, Adami, Paolo Emilio, Bougault, Valerie, Budgett, Richard, Clemm, Hege Havstad, Derman, Wayne, Erdener, Uğur, Fitch, Ken, Hull, James H., McIntosh, Cameron, Meyer, Tim, Pedersen, Lars, Pyne, David B., Reier-Nilsen, Tonje, Schobersberger, Wolfgang, Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, Sewry, Nicola, Soligard, Torbjørn, Valtonen, Maarit, Webborn, Nick, Engebretsen, Lars, Schwellnus, Martin, Adami, Paolo Emilio, Bougault, Valerie, Budgett, Richard, Clemm, Hege Havstad, Derman, Wayne, Erdener, Uğur, Fitch, Ken, Hull, James H., McIntosh, Cameron, Meyer, Tim, Pedersen, Lars, Pyne, David B., Reier-Nilsen, Tonje, Schobersberger, Wolfgang, Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, Sewry, Nicola, Soligard, Torbjørn, Valtonen, Maarit, Webborn, Nick, and Engebretsen, Lars

Abstract

Acute illnesses affecting the respiratory tract are common and form a significant component of the work of Sport and Exercise Medicine (SEM) clinicians. Acute respiratory illness (ARill) can broadly be classified as non-infective ARill and acute respiratory infections (ARinf). The aim of this consensus is to provide the SEM clinician with an overview and practical clinical approach to ARinf in athletes. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) Medical and Scientific Commission appointed an international consensus group to review ARill (non-infective ARill and ARinf) in athletes. Six subgroups of the IOC Consensus group were initially established to review the following key areas of ARill in athletes: (1) epidemiology/risk factors for ARill, (2) ARinf, (3) non-infective ARill including ARill due to environmental exposure, (4) acute asthma and related conditions, (5) effects of ARill on exercise/sports performance, medical complications/return-to-sport and (6) acute nasal/vocal cord dysfunction presenting as ARill. Several systematic and narrative reviews were conducted by IOC consensus subgroups, and these then formed the basis of sections in the consensus documents. Drafting and internal review of sections were allocated to € core' members of the consensus group, and an advanced draft of the consensus document was discussed during a meeting of the main consensus core group in Lausanne, Switzerland on 11 to 12 October 2021. Final edits were completed after the meeting. This consensus document (part 1) focusses on ARinf, which accounts for the majority of ARill in athletes. The first section of this consensus proposes a set of definitions and classifications of ARinf in athletes to standardise future data collection and reporting. The remainder of the consensus paper examines a wide range of clinical considerations related to ARinf in athletes: epidemiology, risk factors, pathology/pathophysiology, clinical presentation and diagnosis, management, prevention, medic

Published
2022

18. International Olympic Committee (IOC) consensus statement on acute respiratory illness in athletes part 2: non-infective acute respiratory illness

Author

Schwellnus, Martin, primary, Adami, Paolo Emilio, additional, Bougault, Valerie, additional, Budgett, Richard, additional, Clemm, Hege Havstad, additional, Derman, Wayne, additional, Erdener, Uğur, additional, Fitch, Ken, additional, Hull, James H, additional, McIntosh, Cameron, additional, Meyer, Tim, additional, Pedersen, Lars, additional, Pyne, David B, additional, Reier-Nilsen, Tonje, additional, Schobersberger, Wolfgang, additional, Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, additional, Sewry, Nicola, additional, Soligard, Torbjørn, additional, Valtonen, Maarit, additional, Webborn, Nick, additional, and Engebretsen, Lars, additional

Published
2022
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25. Resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates: a prospective cohort study

Author

Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, primary, Tabben, Montassar, additional, Hassoun, Khalid, additional, Al Marwani, Asmaa, additional, Al Hussein, Ibrahim, additional, Coyle, Peter, additional, Abbassi, Ahmed Khellil, additional, Ballan, Hani Taleb, additional, Al-Kuwari, Abdulaziz, additional, Chamari, Karim, additional, and Bahr, Roald, additional

Published
2021
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33. Resuming professional football (soccer) during the COVID-19 pandemic in a country with high infection rates: A prospective cohort study

Author

Schumacher, Yorck Olaf, primary, Tabben, Montassar, additional, Hassoun, Khalid, additional, Al Marwani, Asmaa, additional, Al Hussain, Ibrahim, additional, Coyle, Peter, additional, Abbassi, Ahmed Khellil, additional, Ballan, Hani Taleb, additional, Al Kuwari, Abdulaziz Jaham, additional, Chamari, Karim, additional, and Bahr, Roald, additional

Published
2020
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42. Does body position before and during blood sampling influence the Athlete Biological Passport variables?

Author

Saugy Martial, Crettaz von Roten Fabienne, Schumacher Yorck Olaf, Faiss Raphael, and Astolfi Tiffany

Subjects
Adult, Male, medicine.medical_specialty, Supine position, Clinical Biochemistry, Posture, Context (language use), Physical exercise, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, Hematocrit, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Blood doping, Internal medicine, medicine, Humans, Doping in Sports, Blood Specimen Collection, medicine.diagnostic_test, business.industry, Biochemistry (medical), Apnea, Hematology, General Medicine, Venous blood, Athletes, Anesthesia, Cardiology, Female, Sample collection, Hemoglobin, medicine.symptom, business, human activities, 030215 immunology, Blood sampling
Abstract

The Athlete's Biological Passport (ABP) is a tool for the indirect detection of blood doping. Guidelines from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) require a 2 hours delay after any physical exercise, and to be seated for 10 minutes before collecting an ABP sample. This study investigated posture-related hematological variations with changes in body position during blood sampling. Ten successive venous blood samples from 38 subjects were collected in three situations: immediately after 10-minutes of normalized activity (B1), after 10-minutes seated (B2, typical reference sample in an anti-doping context), after a 50 m walk (B3), after 5 and 10-minutes in a seated position again (B4 and B5), and finally after 5-30 minutes supine (B6-B10). Hemoglobin concentration [Hb] and hematocrit (Hct) were determined by flow cytometry to assess putative posture-related variations. Reticulocytes percentage was unchanged in all conditions, [Hb] and Hct were stable after at least 10-minutes in a seated position. Due to shifts in plasma volume, [Hb] and Hct increased slightly but significantly higher after changing posture for a short walk (+0.1 gr/dL [P = .008] and +0.4% [P = .01] respectively), but readjusted to previous levels after only 5 minutes. Supine position (>10 minutes) induced decreases of [Hb] (-0.2 g/dL in average, P < .01) and Hct (-1.1%, in average, P < .01). The observed variations in [Hb] and Hct may have minor clinical significance, while they underline the need to follow strict guidelines for posture before and during blood sampling in an anti-doping context.

Published
2019

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