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Experimental data for the cascade hypernuclei 15ΞC, 12ΞBe, and 13ΞB are analyzed within a Skyrme-Hartree-Fock theoretical approach and optimal Skyrme parameters are determined. The important role of deformation for 13ΞB is pointed out. Predictions for 7ΞH and 10ΞLi are made.

The postsynthetic potential of the two-dimensional metal-organic framework Zr-bzpdc-MOF which is based on the photoreactive molecule benzophenone-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid (H2bzpdc) is used here to selectively functionalize the MOF surface. We report the direct radical-induced oxidative grafting-from polymerization of the precursor EDOT on Zr-bzpdc-MOF, leading to an electrically conductive composite material and opening the road to a variety of applications.

A calixarene-based metal-organic framework (Zr-cal, [Zr 6 O 4 (OH) 4 (FA) 6 ] 2 (cal) 3 ], FA=formate, cal=1,3-alt-25,26,27,28-tetrakis[(carboxy)methoxy]calixarene) was synthesized and characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The three-dimensional framework is a 4,6-connected network of gar topology and exhibits two equal but nonintersecting three-dimensional pore systems. It has a specific BET surface area of 670 m 2  g -1 , and the calixarene cavities are accessible through the pore systems. The exposed calixarenes can be used for the visual detection and encapsulation of NO 2 through the formation of deeply colored charge-transfer complexes inside the MOF. The highly selective complexation was analyzed by UV/Vis and IR spectroscopy, and the stability of the material was confirmed by powder X-ray diffraction and 1 H NMR spectroscopy. Finally, the MOF was used as a sensor material in a home-made sensor cell and showed high sensitivity for NO 2 ., (© 2018 Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)

Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are subforms of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). Genetic and environmental factors influencing the onset and course of the diseases have been recently identified. This study uses a two-step approach to detect genes involved in the pathogenesis of IBD by microarray analysis and real-time PCR (RT-PCR). In a first step, microarray expression screening was used to obtain tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) induction profiles of two human cell lines to represent the tissue cell types involved in IBD. In a second step, a subset of differentially expressed genes was examined by real-time PCR in intestinal biopsy samples of normal controls (NC) compared with UC and CD patients, as well as to a cohort of patients suffering from intestinal diseases other than IBD. Data were obtained from 88 CD, 88 UC, 53 non-IBD patients (inflammatory control), DC and 45 NC individuals. The experimental design enabled the identification of disease-specific expressed genes. DnaJ (Hsp40) homologue, subfamily B, member 5 (DNAJB5) was downregulated in intestinal biopsy samples of the UC cohort compared with NC. A difference in JUNB expression levels was observed by comparing biopsy samples from inflamed and non-inflamed areas of UC patients. Transcript expression differences between IBD and control cohorts were found by examining histamine N-methyltransferase (HNMT), interleukin-1A (IL-1A) and proplatelet basic protein (PPBP) expression. The experimental procedure represents an approach to identify disease-relevant genes, which is applicable to any disease where appropriate model systems are available.

The development of polymers with different surface properties and surface modifications of intraocular lenses (IOL) should reduce foreign body reactions after implantation by reducing the surface hydrophobicity of the lenses. It was examined how far such surface variations influenced the adhesiveness of bacteria. The most common organism isolated from cases of postoperative endophthalmitis is Staphylococcus epidermidis. For this reason, three strains of this species, the type strain ATCC 14990 and two clinical isolates (8687, 6579 I), with different hydrophobic surfaces, were studied. IOL made of PMMA, silicone, and a copolymer as well as PMMA lenses with modified surfaces (unpolished, polished, silanized, and heparinized) were used. Bacteria were radiolabelled with 3H-thymidine and the adherent bacteria were calculated per mm2 of lens surface. The three strains adhered better to the unpolished surface of silicone than to PMMA. Treatment of PMMA surface by polishing diminished the differences between the strains. An influence of hydrophobic interactions on the adherence of S. epidermidis ATCC 14990 was demonstrated. The adherence of this hydrophobic type strain was clearly reduced by heparinization of the PMMA surface. In contrast, the hydrophilic catheter isolate 6579 I adhered better to modified surfaces. This strain differed clearly in its PFGE pattern from both hydrophobic strains. Hydrophobic interactions play a role in the bacterial adherence to intraocular lenses in vitro and in vivo. Modifications of polymer surfaces, however, can result in rather different effects depending on the bacterial surface composition and properties.

Background: A major goal in research on intraocular lenses (IOL) is the development of new polymers and modifications to reduce foreign-body reactions after implantation. This effect may be achieved by a reduction in the surface hydrophobicity of the polymers. To illustrate the influence of surface modifications on bacterial adhesiveness, the most often isolated organism in "low-grade" postoperative endophthalmitis, Staphylococcus epidermidis, was used., Materials and Methods: For this reason three strains of this species, the type strain ATCC 14990 and two clinical isolates (8687, 6579 I) with different hydrophobic surface properties were studied. IOL, used in the experiments were either made of PMMA or silicone with modified surfaces (unpolished, polished, heparinized). The adhesiveness of H3-thymidin-labeled bacteria was calculated/mm2 of lens surface. Each experiment was performed in triplicate and repeated three times., Results: The hydrophobic-type strain showed stronger adherence to unpolished PMMA surface (8000 bacteria per mm2) compared to the polished (5200 bacteria/mm2). In contrast, the hydrophilic strain adhered with 2000 bacteria/mm2 to the unpolished and with 4200 bacteria/mm2 to the polished surface. Polishing PMMA lenses diminished the differences between the three strains. However, surface passivation of silicone lenses increased the adhesion rate of the hydrophilic strain up to 9600 bacteria/mm2. Treatment of PMMA lenses with heparin increased the adhesiveness of the hydrophilic strain and reduced the adhesion rate of the hydrophobic type strain to 250 bacteria/mm2., Conclusions: It was demonstrated that bacterial adherence to IOL also involves hydrophobic interactions. Obviously, however, that adherence reflects a complex of interactions between the two surfaces.

To test the hypothesis that soluble HLA-DR antigens (sHLA-DR), binding to the T-cell receptor (TCR) and/or CD4 structures, compete with and abrogate functions of their cell-bound counterparts, we studied effects of detergent-solubilized, affinity-purified HLA-DR molecules on the DNA synthesis, IL-2, and IL-1 secretion by human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). While resting T cells did not show any response, there was a dose-dependent suppression of T-cell responses induced by mitogen (phytohemagglutinin, PHA), recall antigen (purified protein derivative of tuberculin, PPD), or HLA class II alloantigens (Daudi cells). In the PHA system, sHLA-DR affected DR-identical and DR-disparate PBMC with equal efficiency, suggesting a nonspecific interference with accessory functions of cell-bound HLA class II molecules. A competitive ligation of lymphocyte (rather than of monocyte) CD4 is suggested based on the failure of sHLA-DR (i) to potentiate inhibitory effects of anti-CD4 mAb, (ii) to suppress mitogen responses after depletion of CD4+ lymphocytes and also following separate monocyte (vs lymphocyte) pretreatment, and (iii) to induce a reproducible IL-1 secretion inhibition. In the PPD system, suppressive sHLA-DR effects on autologous or DR-identical PBMC significantly exceeded that on DR-disparate PBMC, and in the MLR, third party allogeneic sHLA-DR was exceeded in its suppressive potency both by sHLA-DA pertinent to responder cells and by sHLA-DR pertinent to stimulator cells. These additional specific effects may result from competition (with cell-bound class II restriction and recognition determinants) at the TCR level rather than from peptide competition at the antigen-presenting cell level. Interference by sHLA-DR with the primary and/or accessory signaling may offer new therapeutic strategies in allotransplantation and autoimmunity.

D-Mannose influences both the allogeneic stimulation of mouse spleen cells and the induction of cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. At low concentrations (10(-3) -4 x 10(-3) M), D-mannose increases [3H]thymidine incorporation and induction of cytotoxic cells. Higher concentrations lead to an inhibition of the allogeneic response. To test the involvement of mannose receptors, unstimulated and allogeneically stimulated spleen cells were lysed and the proteins electrophoretically separated. After blotting, the D-mannose-binding structures were identified by means of a biotinylated mannose-neoglycoprotein and avidin peroxidase. Two mannose-binding proteins of unstimulated mouse spleen lymphocytes with a molecular mass of 29 and 31 kDa were detected. In vitro allogeneically stimulated spleen lymphocytes show three other mannose-binding proteins with a molecular mass of 53, 65, and 76 kDa.

The level of interleukin 1 in gingival fluid is determined in 17 volunteers with healthy gingiva and in 58 patients with gingivitis of different severity. Continously increased levels of local IL 1 are found in connection with increased plaque accumulation in the dentogingival sites and with exacerbating gingival inflammation. The relevance of IL 1 in gingival fluid as a sensitive indicator of plaque-associated gingivitis is discussed.

Supernatants of human blood monocyte cultures suppressed PHA responses (IL-2 synthesis, IL-2R expression, DNA synthesis) of autologous and allogeneic lymphocytes. The main suppressive activity was found in the 65-kDa (and 23-kDa) range. It could be incompletely neutralized by mAb specific for a non-polymorphic HLA DR determinant and could also be adsorbed to and eluted from an anti-DR immunoabsorbent column. On blots of monocyte lysates and monocyte culture supernatants, the mAb RoDR recognized antigens of nearly the same Mr. The hypothesis that soluble HLA DR alpha beta heterodimers or beta chains are likely candidates for the suppressor factor was confirmed by analogous effects of purified HLA DR molecules. We favor a model in which soluble MHC class II molecules (in contrast to surface-bound ones) may interfere with the association and cross-linking processes necessary for T cell activation by competing for CD4 binding sites.

Defense mechanisms of the nasal mucosa are characterised by resistance and immunity processes. Secretory IgA seems to be very important for immune response. The aim of our work was to clarify whether the concentration of S-IgA in nasal secretion was influenced by extreme exposure of dock workers to dust. We investigated the nasal fluid of both the septum and the turbinate mucosa of 75 dock workers compared with 12 controls. A decrease of S-IgA concentration in the nasal fluid was seen after the work. This decrease differed for the various types kinds of dust and was significant (p less than 0.05) for apatite, urea and potash. A reduction of S-IgA was also seen after exposure for a longer time (several years). Dockers with repeated infections do not have decreased S-IgA values. These investigations make a contribution to the immune response in the nasal mucosa.

On the basis of 30 years of cowork with Leonhard it is attempted to enlighten the theoretical background of his classification of endogenous psychoses. Inspired by the conceptions of Wernicke and Kleist he explained the differentiation of symptomatology by the model of system diseases applying this in completing and improving the psychopathological classification. His ideas about the origin of a differentiated vulnerability of brain structures are very similar to the doctrine of pathoclisis of Vogt, although Leonhard did not use this term.

In a short survey, empirical values are presented in a comparative assessment of computer-tomographical and conventional neuroradiological examination programmes. The demand for subtle clinical preliminary examinations and systematic establishment of indications is just as true of computer tomography as it is of other instrumental methods. If possible, however, non-invasive examination methods should be given preference.

The course of the disease was analysed from the standpoint of the diagnostic value of various clinical manifestations in a group of 200 patients with preliminary diagnosis of encephalitis or meningoencephalitis and in a group of 200 cases with finally established diagnosis of these diseases. In the group of patients referred as encephalitis cases the diagnosis was erroneous in 31% of cases, while in the group with finally established diagnosis of encephalitis the proportion of patients with erroneous initial diagnosis was 42%. In two-thirds of cases with erroneous diagnosis in the first group cerebral circulatory failure was the cause. On the other hand, however, these circulatory disturbances were a frequent cause of diagnostic errors in cases of encephalitis. After establishing the frequency of different pathological manifestations in the group of encephalitis and in the group with cerebrovascular disturbances the most characteristic symptoms and signs in each of these groups were listed.

The effect of foetal liver cells on GVH reaction with the parental lymphocytes in F1 hybrid mice was studied. The GVH reaction was induced in newborn (CBA X C3H)F1 and in 10-day-old (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 hybrid mice. Foetal liver cells did not induce a GVH reaction. The GVH reaction of CBA spleen cells in (CBA X C3H)F1 hybrid mice was demonstrable, although weak. Foetal liver cells suppressed the GVH reaction, in dependence on cell concentration, in (CBA x C3H)F1 but not in (CBA X C57BL/6)F1 hybrid mice. The possibility to induce transplantation tolerance with foetal liver cells is discussed.

Appreciating the personality and work of Alexander Mette, who founded together with Karl Bonhoeffer this journal, especially his psychiatric and psychotherapeutic inclinations as well as his influences on the development of our discipline are taken into consideration in the frame of his many-sided activities as a man of letters and cultural policy.

As a contribution to the question of participation of the central nervous system in paraneoplastic syndromes an unusual case of hypernephrotic carcinoma with heavy immunopathological disturbances and clinical symptoms like Harada's syndrome is reported. The development of the 63 years old patient's disease, the clinical, haematological, CSF-, biochemical and other laboratory as well as neuroradiological and electrophysiological findings are discussed in detail. Immunosuppressive treatment after nephrectomy repeatedly led to a distinct improvement.

After allogeneic skin grafting and allogeneic sensibilization with spleen cells in the mouse system cytotoxic lymphocytes are induced, which can be shown in an vitro assay. The maximum of the cytotoxicity appears 2 to 3 days after transplantation. Cytotoxicity during graft rejection is clearly lower than the maximum cytotoxicity. After 3 to 4 weeks no cytotoxic lymphocytes can be detected. A similar time course is seen after sensibilization with allogeneic spleen cells. The cytotoxic lymphocytes do not react only against the stimulator haplotype if tumor cells are used as target cells. Common specificities between the stimulator and target cells may be responsible for this cytotoxicity. On the other side we found a specific cytotoxic reaction with thymocytes as target cells and in vivo no cross reaction for a second-set graft rejection.

Specific lymphocyte sensitization was found in vitro using a lymphocyte transformation test with human pancreatic antigens. It should be possible to develop an immunological diagnostic test for chronic pancreatitis.

The stimulation rate with PHA of murine spleen cells increases after removal of glass-adherent cells from the total spleen population. Unfractionated spleen population from HC treated mice suppresses the response to PHA of glass non-adherent cells from untreated animals only 24-48 h after HC treatment. From the third day on after the treatment the suppressive effect disappears.

The intention was to examine critically, which new possibilities, limitations and possible faultiness are to be expected in connexion with applying computerized tomography in the field of brain localization. The examinations concern the correlation of neuropsychological symptoms with focal cerebral lesions. From july 1980 until september 1982 52 persons out of all patients examined in our CT-department during this time, were chosen if they had computertomographically defined focal lesions of one brain hemisphere. They were further examined neurologically, neuropsychologically and by psychological tests using a well-connected plan. The results of 33 cases with circumscribed lesions of the left hemisphere are presented in details. The classification of psychological syndromes followed the most important features. A simple procedure for lesion mapping of CT informations, described by MAZZOCCHI and VIGNOLO (1978) was used for documentation and proof of inclusion of the cortical speech region in the examined brain lesions. Thus it was possible to compare the different patterns of lesions and to form groups of patients with a certain localization of the lesions. The correlations of these lesions with the neuropsychological findings were examined in each group. A high degree of correlation in the sense of the classic conception of brain localization of neuropsychological syndromes was found. The ideocinetic motor aphasia was confirmed as a frequent, well-defined syndrome in cases with lesions of the left lower parietal lobulus.

The removal of ammonium sulfate from the bulk product of fermented antitoxic serum by continuous diafiltration was not accompanied by changes in the stability of the solution. To concentrate immunoglobulin, eluted from DEAE cellulose, by diafiltration, the stabilization of the solution by adding sodium chloride at high concentration was necessary. The use of membranes purchased from different manufacturers and having similar selectivity characteristics permitted obtaining transfer factor preparations somewhat differing in their biological activity. The process of ultrafiltration, carried out in the atmosphere of compressed carbon dioxide, made it possible to obtain such preparations from donor blood plasma.

This paper is mainly based on the biographical publications of prominent pupils of Bonhoeffer's, Bonhoeffer's own memoirs and his scientific works as well as documents that still exist at the Berlin clinic. The proposal is made that on the occasion of the awarding of the Karl-Bonhoeffer Prize, which takes place every three years, a Karl-Bonhoeffer memorial lecture be read dealing with a subject connecting psychiatry and neurology.

GvH reactions were induced in (CBA X C57B1)F1 and (CBA X A)F1 mice with sensitized lymphocytes. Specific sensitization results in an increased GvH reaction, sensitization against third party cells does not influence the GvH reaction. Therefore serologically defined public antigens of the H-2 system play not role in the GvH reaction. The comparison of different numbers of specifically sensitized lymphocytes, lymphocytes sensitized against third party cells, and control lymphocytes for the induction of the GvH reaction leads to the same result.

Allogeneic intraperitoneal immunization in vivo leads to induction of cytotoxic lymphocytes. The cytotoxic reaction of these lymphocytes is specific in vitro against thymocytes as target cells and depends on identical private determinants of stimulator and target cell haplotype. Cross reactions are not observed in this model with H-2 incompatible haplotypes as target cells, also no autoreactivity is found. But if effector cells are used after stimulation in a mixed lymphocyte culture and mitogen stimulated spleen cells as target cells, cross reaction are generally found and autoreactivity too. Conditions of the trial determine the results. In vivo and in vitro induced effector cells destroy thymocytes as well as spleen cell blasts. The type of target cell does not influence the specificity of the cytotoxic reaction. Only in vivo induced effector cells react specifically.

Graft versus host reaction (GvHR) induced in 10-day-old F1 mice by in vitro allogeneically or mitogenically stimulated spleen cells is lower than that induced by unstimulated fresh spleen cells. In vitro stimulated lymphoblasts are unable or only slightly able to induce a GvHR. An active suppression by the blasts is not involved. Since lymphoblasts after in vivo stimulation show an increased ability to elicit a GvHR it is concluded that in vitro and in vivo stimulated lymphoblasts have different properties. A different homing cannot be excluded after transfer to the mouse.

Analyzing international 15 years experiences the authors characterize the present situation of knowledges and practical possibilities concerning brain death diagnostics. It must be differentiated between generally accepted obliging criterions and the remaining space of responcibility of the neurologist, who is acting as a member of a brain death commission. In this frame procedures have to be chosen, which allow to diagnosticate without any doubt and as early as possible. Further developmental possibilities are shown.

The ability of recombinant human tumor necrosis factor (rH-TNF-alpha) to induce regression of sarcoma 180 in vivo was evaluated. The tumor was cured by TNF in the course of 4 weeks. TNF inhibited proliferation of sarcoma 180 cells in vitro, which suggests a direct effect of TNF on tumor cells in vivo. In parallel to the TNF effect on tumor growth, some cell parameters in spleen were investigated. Activation of splenic macrophages was enhanced in vitro. This result suggests that macrophages may participate in the host defense against the tumor. In the first phase of therapy, TNF did not affect the proliferation of splenocytes but increased the transition of G0 into G1 cells. Furthermore, TNF normalized the tumor-induced increase of null cells in tumor-bearing mice. All parameters investigated in spleen reached normal values at the time of tumor regression. Our results suggest that various mechanisms may be involved in TNF-induced regression of sarcoma 180.

Transfer of neonatally induced tolerance in the H-2 compatible CBA/C3H strain combination is possible with different efficiency by injection of adherent and non-adherent spleen cells, unseparated spleen cells and lymph node cells from C3H-tolerant CBA mice into sublethal irradiated CBA mice. The most efficient cell populations are adherent spleen cells and lymph node cells. Successful transfer of transplantation tolerance is not possible to non-irradiated mice. The adherent fraction of spleen cells and lymph node cells contains a suppressor cell population responsible for transplantation tolerance against non-H-2 antigens. The induced transplantation tolerance is not due to a chimaeric state of C3H-tolerant CBA mice.

In connexion with the valuation of own results of examinations concerning correlations of computer-tomographically defined focal lesions of the left cerebral hemisphere, which were reported in an antecedent paper, possibilities of correlative follow-up studies are indicated by describing a single case. Besides fundamental advantages, which result from this procedure, it is adequate to the necessary consideration of the space of time between the actual beginning of the disease and the computertomographic and neuropsychologic examinations.

An unusual case is analysed in which global aphasia has obtained for ten years, with complete speech inability and loss of the acoustic understanding of words, due to extensive cortical lesions in both halves of the cerebrum. After two years of observation of the case and frequent neuropsychological examination, the cause is seen as being in the almost complete elimination of the cortical region of speech. The manifestation occurred when the patient was nine years old, and intensive efforts at pedagogic rehabilitation, on which a separate report will be made, were begun eight years later.

The qualitative and quantitative Con A binding behaviour of mouse spleen cells and allogeneically stimulated lymphocytes was investigated by means of fluorescence-optical and cell-electrophoretical methods. Contrary to B lymphocytes and unstimulated cultured T lymphocytes, normal as well as allogeneically stimulated T cells show a decreased electrophoretic mobility after incubation with Con A. This decrease correlates with a higher affinity and specificity to Con A on the one side and with a functional signal of Con A on the other side. Incubation with Con A is a stimulating signal for normal T lymphocytes and a suppressive one for allogeneically stimulated lymphocytes. The 3H-thymidine incorporation of B lymphocytes and unstimulated T cells is not influenced by Con A in spite of Con A binding. The amount of bound molecules is not of decisive importance for the mitogenic cultivated properties of Con A.

Soluble extracts (3M KCl) were prepared from tumor tissue and mouse fetuses. After separation of ULTROGEL AcA 34 single fractions of these antigens were incubated with spleen cells of tumor bearing, respectively pregnant mice and the response was detected by 51Cr-LAI and/or EM techniques. There was only a partial correlation between the results of both test systems. Different antigen activities were found in three regions of molecular weight: P1 (200,000-250,000), P2 (120,000-160,000) and P3 (50,000-60,000). Individual specific activity was detected in P2 fractions of TAA whereas P3 fractions of TAA and FA as well as P1 fraction of FA revealed cross reactivities. Pregnant specificity was localized in P2 fraction of FA.

Pyschical crisis and pathological change do not differ at people in the older age. The two terms do not characterize the normal development of the old age, but extreme spheres are circumscribed. The cerebrovascular insufficience is a difficult diagnostic and therapeutic area, but it is accissible. The psychopathological symptoms to be caused by this disturbance are reversible in many cases. The problems of a comprehensive diagnostic and therapy of sleeping-disturbances at aged people are described.

A simple method for stimulation of human or murine lymphocytes is described. As a possible more rapid test than the standard estimation of [3H]-thymidine uptake after solubilisation of cell sediments, paper strip counting in a liquid scintillation counter was studied in 80 individuals and 20 mice. Counting efficiency approaches 1%, the reproducibility is good within the acceptable 16% range.

A short retrospect, occasioned by the death on July 13, 1985, of E. W. Schmidt, of his career as director of the Neurological Research Institute at the Academy of Medical Sciences of the USSR, and his influence as scientist, medical man, and humanist on the development of neurology in the Soviet Union and its representation on the international scene.