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1. Humoral and cellular response induced by a second booster of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults

Author

Rojas, Álvaro, Navarrete, María Soledad, Del Río, Constanza, Del Pino, Dinely, Aguirre, Natalia, Salinas, Grecia, Vega, Franco, Salgado, Acsa, Quinteros, Thomas, Ortiz, Marlene, Puente, Marcela, Muñoz, Alma, Astudillo, Patricio, Le Corre, Nicole, Potin, Marcela, Catalán, Juan, Peralta, Melan, Zamanillo, Consuelo, Keller, Nicole, Fernández, Rocío, Aljaro, Sofía, López, Sofía, González, José Tomás, Weil, Tania, Opazo, Luz, Muñoz, Paula, Estay, Inés, Cantillana, Miguel, Carrera, Liliana, Masalleras, Matías, Guzmán, Paula, Aguirre, Francisca, Cortés, Aarón, Bátiz, Luis Federico, Pérez, Javiera, Apablaza, Karen, Yates, Lorena, Valdés, María de los Ángeles, Hurtado, Bernardita, Venteneul, Veronique, Astorga, Constanza, Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, Vial, Pablo A., Schilling, Andrea, Pavez, Daniela, Pérez, Inia, Riviotta, Amy, González, Francisca, Urrutia, Francisca, Del Río, Alejandra, Asenjo, Claudia, Vargas, Bárbara, Castro, Francisca, Acuña, Alejandra, Guzmán, Javiera, Astudillo, Camila, Pérez, Carlos M., Espinoza, Pilar, Martínez, Andrea, Arancibia, Marcela, Romero, Harold, Bustamante, Cecilia, Pérez, María Loreto, Uribe, Natalia, Silva, Viviana, Morice, Bernardita, Pérez, Marco, González, Marcela, Jensen, Werner, Pasten, Claudia, Aguilera, M. Fernanda, Martínez, Nataly, Molina, Camila, Arrieta, Sebastián, López, Begoña, Ortiz, Claudia, Escobar, Macarena, Bustamante, Camila, Espinoza, Marcia, Pardo, Angela, Carrasco, Alison, Montes, Miguel, Saldías, Macarena, Gutiérrez, Natalia, Sánchez, Juliette, Fuentes, Daniela, Calvo, Yolanda, Cepeda, Mariela, Lemus, Rosario, Suárez, Muriel, Armijo, Mercedes, Monsalves, Shirley, Marucich, Constance, Cornejo, Cecilia, Acosta, Ángela, Prado, Xaviera, Yáñez, Francisca, Barroeta, Marisol, López, Claudia, Donato, Paulina, Lasso, Martin, Iturrieta, María, Giraldo, Juan, Gutiérrez, Francisco, Acuña, María, Cascone, Ada, Rojas, Raymundo, Sepúlveda, Camila, Contreras, Mario, Campisto, Yessica, González, Pablo, Quizhpi, Zoila, López, Mariella, Pizzeghello, Vania, Silva, Stephannie, Méndez, Constanza, Peñaloza, Hernán F., Schultz, Bárbara M., Piña-Iturbe, Alejandro, Ríos, Mariana, Moreno-Tapia, Daniela, Pereira-Sánchez, Patricia, Leighton, Diane, Orellana, Claudia, Covarrubias, Consuelo, Gálvez, Nicolás M.S., Soto, Jorge A., Duarte, Luisa F., Rivera-Pérez, Daniela, Vázquez, Yaneisi, Cabrera, Alex, Bustos, Sergio, Iturriaga, Carolina, Urzua, Marcela, Navarrete, María S., Fasce, Rodrigo A., Fernández, Jorge, Mora, Judith, Ramírez, Eugenio, Gaete-Argel, Aracelly, Acevedo, Mónica, Valiente-Echeverría, Fernando, Soto-Rifo, Ricardo, Weiskopf, Daniela, Grifoni, Alba, Sette, Alessandro, Zeng, Gang, Meng, Weining, González-Aramundiz, José V., González, Pablo A., Abarca, Katia, Melo-González, Felipe, Bueno, Susan M., and Kalergis, Alexis M.

Published
2023
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3. Humoral and cellular response induced by a second booster of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in adults

Author

Méndez, Constanza, primary, Peñaloza, Hernán F., additional, Schultz, Bárbara M., additional, Piña-Iturbe, Alejandro, additional, Ríos, Mariana, additional, Moreno-Tapia, Daniela, additional, Pereira-Sánchez, Patricia, additional, Leighton, Diane, additional, Orellana, Claudia, additional, Covarrubias, Consuelo, additional, Gálvez, Nicolás M.S., additional, Soto, Jorge A., additional, Duarte, Luisa F., additional, Rivera-Pérez, Daniela, additional, Vázquez, Yaneisi, additional, Cabrera, Alex, additional, Bustos, Sergio, additional, Iturriaga, Carolina, additional, Urzua, Marcela, additional, Navarrete, María S., additional, Rojas, Álvaro, additional, Fasce, Rodrigo A., additional, Fernández, Jorge, additional, Mora, Judith, additional, Ramírez, Eugenio, additional, Gaete-Argel, Aracelly, additional, Acevedo, Mónica, additional, Valiente-Echeverría, Fernando, additional, Soto-Rifo, Ricardo, additional, Weiskopf, Daniela, additional, Grifoni, Alba, additional, Sette, Alessandro, additional, Zeng, Gang, additional, Meng, Weining, additional, González-Aramundiz, José V., additional, González, Pablo A., additional, Abarca, Katia, additional, Melo-González, Felipe, additional, Bueno, Susan M., additional, Kalergis, Alexis M., additional, Navarrete, María Soledad, additional, Del Río, Constanza, additional, Del Pino, Dinely, additional, Aguirre, Natalia, additional, Salinas, Grecia, additional, Vega, Franco, additional, Salgado, Acsa, additional, Quinteros, Thomas, additional, Ortiz, Marlene, additional, Puente, Marcela, additional, Muñoz, Alma, additional, Astudillo, Patricio, additional, Le Corre, Nicole, additional, Potin, Marcela, additional, Catalán, Juan, additional, Peralta, Melan, additional, Zamanillo, Consuelo, additional, Keller, Nicole, additional, Fernández, Rocío, additional, Aljaro, Sofía, additional, López, Sofía, additional, González, José Tomás, additional, Weil, Tania, additional, Opazo, Luz, additional, Muñoz, Paula, additional, Estay, Inés, additional, Cantillana, Miguel, additional, Carrera, Liliana, additional, Masalleras, Matías, additional, Guzmán, Paula, additional, Aguirre, Francisca, additional, Cortés, Aarón, additional, Bátiz, Luis Federico, additional, Pérez, Javiera, additional, Apablaza, Karen, additional, Yates, Lorena, additional, Valdés, María de los Ángeles, additional, Hurtado, Bernardita, additional, Venteneul, Veronique, additional, Astorga, Constanza, additional, Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, additional, Vial, Pablo A., additional, Schilling, Andrea, additional, Pavez, Daniela, additional, Pérez, Inia, additional, Riviotta, Amy, additional, González, Francisca, additional, Urrutia, Francisca, additional, Del Río, Alejandra, additional, Asenjo, Claudia, additional, Vargas, Bárbara, additional, Castro, Francisca, additional, Acuña, Alejandra, additional, Guzmán, Javiera, additional, Astudillo, Camila, additional, Pérez, Carlos M., additional, Espinoza, Pilar, additional, Martínez, Andrea, additional, Arancibia, Marcela, additional, Romero, Harold, additional, Bustamante, Cecilia, additional, Pérez, María Loreto, additional, Uribe, Natalia, additional, Silva, Viviana, additional, Morice, Bernardita, additional, Pérez, Marco, additional, González, Marcela, additional, Jensen, Werner, additional, Pasten, Claudia, additional, Aguilera, M. Fernanda, additional, Martínez, Nataly, additional, Molina, Camila, additional, Arrieta, Sebastián, additional, López, Begoña, additional, Ortiz, Claudia, additional, Escobar, Macarena, additional, Bustamante, Camila, additional, Espinoza, Marcia, additional, Pardo, Angela, additional, Carrasco, Alison, additional, Montes, Miguel, additional, Saldías, Macarena, additional, Gutiérrez, Natalia, additional, Sánchez, Juliette, additional, Fuentes, Daniela, additional, Calvo, Yolanda, additional, Cepeda, Mariela, additional, Lemus, Rosario, additional, Suárez, Muriel, additional, Armijo, Mercedes, additional, Monsalves, Shirley, additional, Marucich, Constance, additional, Cornejo, Cecilia, additional, Acosta, Ángela, additional, Prado, Xaviera, additional, Yáñez, Francisca, additional, Barroeta, Marisol, additional, López, Claudia, additional, Donato, Paulina, additional, Lasso, Martin, additional, Iturrieta, María, additional, Giraldo, Juan, additional, Gutiérrez, Francisco, additional, Acuña, María, additional, Cascone, Ada, additional, Rojas, Raymundo, additional, Sepúlveda, Camila, additional, Contreras, Mario, additional, Campisto, Yessica, additional, González, Pablo, additional, Quizhpi, Zoila, additional, López, Mariella, additional, Pizzeghello, Vania, additional, and Silva, Stephannie, additional

Published
2023
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4. Limited Heme Oxygenase Contribution to Modulating the Severity of Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Infection

Author

Sebastián, Valentina P., primary, Moreno-Tapia, Daniela, additional, Melo-González, Felipe, additional, Hernández-Cáceres, María P., additional, Salazar, Geraldyne A., additional, Pardo-Roa, Catalina, additional, Farías, Mónica A., additional, Vallejos, Omar P., additional, Schultz, Bárbara M., additional, Morselli, Eugenia, additional, Álvarez-Lobos, Manuel M., additional, González, Pablo A., additional, Kalergis, Alexis M., additional, and Bueno, Susan M., additional

Published
2022
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7. Recognition of Variants of Concern by Antibodies and T Cells Induced by a SARS-CoV-2 Inactivated Vaccine

Author

Melo-González, Felipe, primary, Soto, Jorge A., additional, González, Liliana A., additional, Fernández, Jorge, additional, Duarte, Luisa F., additional, Schultz, Bárbara M., additional, Gálvez, Nicolás M. S., additional, Pacheco, Gaspar A., additional, Ríos, Mariana, additional, Vázquez, Yaneisi, additional, Rivera-Pérez, Daniela, additional, Moreno-Tapia, Daniela, additional, Iturriaga, Carolina, additional, Vallejos, Omar P., additional, Berríos-Rojas, Roslye V., additional, Hoppe-Elsholz, Guillermo, additional, Urzúa, Marcela, additional, Bruneau, Nicole, additional, Fasce, Rodrigo A., additional, Mora, Judith, additional, Grifoni, Alba, additional, Sette, Alessandro, additional, Weiskopf, Daniela, additional, Zeng, Gang, additional, Meng, Weining, additional, González-Aramundiz, José V., additional, González, Pablo A., additional, Abarca, Katia, additional, Ramírez, Eugenio, additional, Kalergis, Alexis M., additional, and Bueno, Susan M., additional

Published
2021
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8. Immune Profile and Clinical Outcome of Breakthrough Cases After Vaccination With an Inactivated SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine

Author

Duarte, Luisa F., primary, Gálvez, Nicolás M. S., additional, Iturriaga, Carolina, additional, Melo-González, Felipe, additional, Soto, Jorge A., additional, Schultz, Bárbara M., additional, Urzúa, Marcela, additional, González, Liliana A., additional, Vázquez, Yaneisi, additional, Ríos, Mariana, additional, Berríos-Rojas, Roslye V., additional, Rivera-Pérez, Daniela, additional, Moreno-Tapia, Daniela, additional, Pacheco, Gaspar A., additional, Vallejos, Omar P., additional, Hoppe-Elsholz, Guillermo, additional, Navarrete, María S., additional, Rojas, Álvaro, additional, Fasce, Rodrigo A., additional, Fernández, Jorge, additional, Mora, Judith, additional, Ramírez, Eugenio, additional, Zeng, Gang, additional, Meng, Weining, additional, González-Aramundiz, José V., additional, González, Pablo A., additional, Abarca, Katia, additional, Bueno, Susan M., additional, and Kalergis, Alexis M., additional

Published
2021
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9. Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine in a Subgroup of Healthy Adults in Chile

Author

Bueno, Susan M, primary, Abarca, Katia, additional, González, Pablo A, additional, Gálvez, Nicolás M S, additional, Soto, Jorge A, additional, Duarte, Luisa F, additional, Schultz, Bárbara M, additional, Pacheco, Gaspar A, additional, González, Liliana A, additional, Vázquez, Yaneisi, additional, Ríos, Mariana, additional, Melo-González, Felipe, additional, Rivera-Pérez, Daniela, additional, Iturriaga, Carolina, additional, Urzúa, Marcela, additional, Domínguez, Angélica, additional, Andrade, Catalina A, additional, Berríos-Rojas, Roslye V, additional, Canedo-Marroquín, Gisela, additional, Covián, Camila, additional, Moreno-Tapia, Daniela, additional, Saavedra, Farides, additional, Vallejos, Omar P, additional, Donato, Paulina, additional, Espinoza, Pilar, additional, Fuentes, Daniela, additional, González, Marcela, additional, Guzmán, Paula, additional, Muñoz Venturelli, Paula, additional, Pérez, Carlos M, additional, Potin, Marcela, additional, Rojas, Álvaro, additional, Fasce, Rodrigo A, additional, Fernández, Jorge, additional, Mora, Judith, additional, Ramírez, Eugenio, additional, Gaete-Argel, Aracelly, additional, Oyarzún-Arrau, Aarón, additional, Valiente-Echeverría, Fernando, additional, Soto-Rifo, Ricardo, additional, Weiskopf, Daniela, additional, Sette, Alessandro, additional, Zeng, Gang, additional, Meng, Weining, additional, González-Aramundiz, José V, additional, and Kalergis, Alexis M, additional

Published
2021
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11. Safety and Immunogenicity of an Inactivated Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccine in a Subgroup of Healthy Adults in Chile.

Author

Bueno, Susan M, Abarca, Katia, González, Pablo A, Gálvez, Nicolás M S, Soto, Jorge A, Duarte, Luisa F, Schultz, Bárbara M, Pacheco, Gaspar A, González, Liliana A, Vázquez, Yaneisi, Ríos, Mariana, Melo-González, Felipe, Rivera-Pérez, Daniela, Iturriaga, Carolina, Urzúa, Marcela, Domínguez, Angélica, Andrade, Catalina A, Berríos-Rojas, Roslye V, Canedo-Marroquín, Gisela, and Covián, Camila

Subjects
BLOOD testing, COVID-19, INJECTIONS, PAIN, IMMUNOGLOBULINS, COVID-19 vaccines, BLOOD collection, SEROCONVERSION, ANTIBODY formation, INTERFERONS, RANDOMIZED controlled trials, T cells, PATIENT safety
Abstract

Background The development of effective vaccines against coronavirus disease 2019 is a global priority. CoronaVac is an inactivated severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccine with promising safety and immunogenicity profiles. This article reports safety and immunogenicity results obtained for healthy Chilean adults aged ≥18 years in a phase 3 clinical trial. Methods Volunteers randomly received 2 doses of CoronaVac or placebo, separated by 2 weeks. A total of 434 volunteers were enrolled, 397 aged 18–59 years and 37 aged ≥60 years. Solicited and unsolicited adverse reactions were registered from all volunteers. Blood samples were obtained from a subset of volunteers and analyzed for humoral and cellular measures of immunogenicity. Results The primary adverse reaction in the 434 volunteers was pain at the injection site, with a higher incidence in the vaccine than in the placebo arm. Adverse reactions observed were mostly mild and local. No severe adverse events were reported. The humoral evaluation was performed on 81 volunteers. Seroconversion rates for specific anti-S1-receptor binding domain (RBD) immunoglobulin G (IgG) were 82.22% and 84.44% in the 18–59 year age group and 62.69% and 70.37% in the ≥60 year age group, 2 and 4 weeks after the second dose, respectively. A significant increase in circulating neutralizing antibodies was detected 2 and 4 weeks after the second dose. The cellular evaluation was performed on 47 volunteers. We detected a significant induction of T-cell responses characterized by the secretion of interferon-γ (IFN-γ) upon stimulation with Mega Pools of peptides from SARS-CoV-2. Conclusions Immunization with CoronaVac in a 0–14 schedule in Chilean adults aged ≥18 years is safe, induces anti-S1-RBD IgG with neutralizing capacity, activates T cells, and promotes the secretion of IFN-γ upon stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 antigens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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12. Characterization of the Anti-Inflammatory Capacity of IL-10-Producing Neutrophils in Response to Streptococcus pneumoniae Infection

Author

González, Liliana A., primary, Melo-González, Felipe, additional, Sebastián, Valentina P., additional, Vallejos, Omar P., additional, Noguera, Loreani P., additional, Suazo, Isidora D., additional, Schultz, Bárbara M., additional, Manosalva, Andrés H., additional, Peñaloza, Hernán F., additional, Soto, Jorge A., additional, Parker, Dane, additional, Riedel, Claudia A., additional, González, Pablo A., additional, Kalergis, Alexis M., additional, and Bueno, Susan M., additional

Published
2021
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13. Interim report: Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy chilean adults in a phase 3 clinical trial

Author

Bueno, Susan M, primary, Abarca, Katia, additional, González, Pablo A, additional, Gálvez, Nicolás MS, additional, Soto, Jorge A, additional, Duarte, Luisa F, additional, Schultz, Bárbara M, additional, Pacheco, Gaspar A, additional, González, Liliana A, additional, Vázquez, Yaneisi, additional, Ríos, Mariana, additional, Melo-González, Felipe, additional, Rivera-Pérez, Daniela, additional, Iturriaga, Carolina, additional, Urzúa, Marcela, additional, Dominguez, Angélica, additional, Andrade, Catalina A, additional, Berrios, Roslye V, additional, Canedo-Marroquín, Gisela, additional, Covián, Camila, additional, Moreno-Tapia, Daniela, additional, Saavedra, Farides, additional, Vallejos, Omar P, additional, Donato, Paulina, additional, Espinoza, Pilar, additional, Fuentes, Daniela, additional, González, Marcela, additional, Guzmán, Paula, additional, Muñoz-Venturelli, Paula, additional, Pérez, Carlos M, additional, Potin, Marcela, additional, Rojas, Alvaro, additional, Fasce, Rodrigo, additional, Fernández, Jorge, additional, Mora, Judith, additional, Ramírez, Eugenio, additional, Gaete-Argel, Aracelly, additional, Oyarzún-Arrau, Aarón, additional, Valiente-Echeverría, Fernando, additional, Soto-Rifo, Ricardo, additional, Weiskopf, Daniela, additional, Sette, Alessandro, additional, Zeng, Gang, additional, Meng, Weining, additional, González-Aramundiz, José V, additional, and Kalergis, Alexis M, additional

Published
2021
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15. Pathogenicity island excision during an infection by Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis is required for crossing the intestinal epithelial barrier in mice to cause systemic infection

Author

Pardo-Roa, Catalina, primary, Salazar, Geraldyne A., additional, Noguera, Loreani P., additional, Salazar-Echegarai, Francisco J., additional, Vallejos, Omar P., additional, Suazo, Isidora D., additional, Schultz, Bárbara M., additional, Coronado-Arrázola, Irenice, additional, Kalergis, Alexis M., additional, and Bueno, Susan M., additional

Published
2019
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18. Persistent Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium Infection Increases the Susceptibility of Mice to Develop Intestinal Inflammation

Author

Schultz, Bárbara M., primary, Salazar, Geraldyne A., additional, Paduro, Carolina A., additional, Pardo-Roa, Catalina, additional, Pizarro, Daniela P., additional, Salazar-Echegarai, Francisco J., additional, Torres, Javiera, additional, Riedel, Claudia A., additional, Kalergis, Alexis M., additional, Álvarez-Lobos, Manuel M., additional, and Bueno, Susan M., additional

Published
2018
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20. Interleukin-10 Production by T and B Cells Is a Key Factor to Promote Systemic Salmonella enterica Serovar Typhimurium Infection in Mice

Author

Salazar, Geraldyne A., primary, Peñaloza, Hernán F., additional, Pardo-Roa, Catalina, additional, Schultz, Bárbara M., additional, Muñoz-Durango, Natalia, additional, Gómez, Roberto S., additional, Salazar, Francisco J., additional, Pizarro, Daniela P., additional, Riedel, Claudia A., additional, González, Pablo A., additional, Alvarez-Lobos, Manuel, additional, Kalergis, Alexis M., additional, and Bueno, Susan M., additional

Published
2017
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22. The role of myeloid‐derived suppressor cells in chronic infectious diseases and the current methodology available for their study.

Author

Peñaloza, Hernán F., Alvarez, Diana, Muñoz‐Durango, Natalia, Schultz, Bárbara M., González, Pablo A., Kalergis, Alexis M., and Bueno, Susan M.

Subjects
SUPPRESSOR cells, COMMUNICABLE diseases, PARASITIC diseases, CHRONIC diseases, DIRECT action
Abstract

An effective pathogen has the ability to evade the immune response. The strategies used to achieve this may be based on the direct action of virulence factors or on the induction of host factors. Myeloid‐derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) are immune cells with an incredible ability to suppress the inflammatory response, which makes them excellent targets to be exploited by pathogenic bacteria, viruses, or parasites. In this review, we describe the origin and suppressive mechanisms of MDSCs, as well as their role in chronic bacterial, viral, and parasitic infections, where their expansion seems to be essential in the chronicity of the disease. We also analyze the disadvantages of current MDSC depletion strategies and the different in vitro generation methods, which can be useful tools for the deeper study of these cells in the context of microbial infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2019
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23. Inactivated Vaccine-Induced SARS-CoV-2 Variant-Specific Immunity in Children.

Author

Soto JA, Melo-González F, Gutierrez-Vera C, Schultz BM, Berríos-Rojas RV, Rivera-Pérez D, Piña-Iturbe A, Hoppe-Elsholz G, Duarte LF, Vázquez Y, Moreno-Tapia D, Ríos M, Palacios PA, Garcia-Betancourt R, Santibañez Á, Pacheco GA, Mendez C, Andrade CA, Silva PH, Diethelm-Varela B, Astudillo P, Calvo M, Cárdenas A, González M, Goldsack M, Gutiérrez V, Potin M, Schilling A, Tapia LI, Twele L, Villena R, Grifoni A, Sette A, Weiskopf D, Fasce RA, Fernández J, Mora J, Ramírez E, Gaete-Argel A, Acevedo ML, Valiente-Echeverría F, Soto-Rifo R, Retamal-Díaz A, Muñoz-Jofré N, Meng X, Xin Q, Alarcón-Bustamante E, González-Aramundiz JV, Le Corre N, Álvarez-Figueroa MJ, González PA, Abarca K, Perret C, Carreño LJ, Bueno SM, and Kalergis AM

Subjects
Adolescent, Humans, Child, Child, Preschool, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Vaccines, Inactivated, Antibodies, Viral, SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19
Abstract

Multiple vaccines against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) have been evaluated in clinical trials. However, trials addressing the immune response in the pediatric population are scarce. The inactivated vaccine CoronaVac has been shown to be safe and immunogenic in a phase 1/2 clinical trial in a pediatric cohort in China. Here, we report interim safety and immunogenicity results of a phase 3 clinical trial for CoronaVac in healthy children and adolescents in Chile. Participants 3 to 17 years old received two doses of CoronaVac in a 4-week interval until 31 December 2021. Local and systemic adverse reactions were registered for volunteers who received one or two doses of CoronaVac. Whole-blood samples were collected from a subgroup of 148 participants for humoral and cellular immunity analyses. The main adverse reaction reported after the first and second doses was pain at the injection site. Four weeks after the second dose, an increase in neutralizing antibody titer was observed in subjects relative to their baseline visit. Similar results were found for activation of specific CD4 + T cells. Neutralizing antibodies were identified against the Delta and Omicron variants. However, these titers were lower than those for the D614G strain. Importantly, comparable CD4 + T cell responses were detected against these variants of concern. Therefore, CoronaVac is safe and immunogenic in subjects 3 to 17 years old, inducing neutralizing antibody secretion and activating CD4 + T cells against SARS-CoV-2 and its variants. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under no. NCT04992260.) IMPORTANCE This work evaluated the immune response induced by two doses of CoronaVac separated by 4 weeks in healthy children and adolescents in Chile. To date, few studies have described the effects of CoronaVac in the pediatric population. Therefore, it is essential to generate knowledge regarding the protection of vaccines in this population. Along these lines, we reported the anti-S humoral response and cellular immune response to several SARS-CoV-2 proteins that have been published and recently studied. Here, we show that a vaccination schedule consisting of two doses separated by 4 weeks induces the secretion of neutralizing antibodies against SARS-CoV-2. Furthermore, CoronaVac induces the activation of CD4 + T cells upon stimulation with peptides from the proteome of SARS-CoV-2. These results indicate that, even though the neutralizing antibody response induced by vaccination decreases against the Delta and Omicron variants, the cellular response against these variants is comparable to the response against the ancestral strain D614G, even being significantly higher against Omicron.

Published
2022
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24. A Booster Dose of CoronaVac Increases Neutralizing Antibodies and T Cells that Recognize Delta and Omicron Variants of Concern.

Author

Schultz BM, Melo-González F, Duarte LF, Gálvez NMS, Pacheco GA, Soto JA, Berríos-Rojas RV, González LA, Moreno-Tapia D, Rivera-Pérez D, Ríos M, Vázquez Y, Hoppe-Elsholz G, Andrade-Parra CA, Vallejos OP, Piña-Iturbe A, Iturriaga C, Urzua M, Navarrete MS, Rojas Á, Fasce R, Fernández J, Mora J, Ramírez E, Gaete-Argel A, Acevedo ML, Valiente-Echeverría F, Soto-Rifo R, Weiskopf D, Grifoni A, Sette A, Zeng G, Meng W, González-Aramundiz JV, González PA, Abarca K, Kalergis AM, and Bueno SM

Subjects
Adult, Antibodies, Neutralizing, Antibodies, Viral, COVID-19 Vaccines, Humans, SARS-CoV-2, T-Lymphocytes, COVID-19 prevention & control, Viral Vaccines
Abstract

CoronaVac is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approved by the World Health Organization (WHO). Previous studies reported increased levels of neutralizing antibodies and specific T cells 2 and 4 weeks after two doses of CoronaVac; these levels were significantly reduced at 6 to 8 months after the two doses. Here, we report the effect of a booster dose of CoronaVac on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response generated against the variants of concern (VOCs), Delta and Omicron, in adults participating in a phase III clinical trial in Chile. Volunteers immunized with two doses of CoronaVac in a 4-week interval received a booster dose of the same vaccine between 24 and 30 weeks after the second dose. Neutralization capacities and T cell activation against VOCs Delta and Omicron were assessed 4 weeks after the booster dose. We observed a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies 4 weeks after the booster dose. We also observed a rise in anti-SARS-CoV-2-specific CD4 + T cells over time, and these cells reached a peak 4 weeks after the booster dose. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies and SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells induced by the booster showed activity against VOCs Delta and Omicron. Our results show that a booster dose of CoronaVac increases adults' humoral and cellular anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune responses. In addition, immunity induced by a booster dose of CoronaVac is active against VOCs, suggesting adequate protection. IMPORTANCE CoronaVac is an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 that has been approved by WHO for emergency use. Phase III clinical trials are in progress in several countries, including China, Brazil, Turkey, and Chile, and have shown safety and immunogenicity after two doses of the vaccine. This report characterizes immune responses induced by two doses of CoronaVac followed by a booster dose 5 months after the second dose in healthy Chilean adults. The data reported here show that a booster dose increased the immune responses against SARS-CoV-2, enhancing levels of neutralizing antibodies against the ancestral strain and VOCs. Similarly, anti-SARS-CoV-2 CD4 + T cell responses were increased following the booster dose. In contrast, levels of gamma interferon secretion and T cell activation against the VOCs Delta and Omicron were not significantly different from those for the ancestral strain. Therefore, a third dose of CoronaVac in a homologous vaccination schedule improves its immunogenicity in healthy volunteers.

Published
2022
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25. A booster dose of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine increases neutralizing antibodies and T cells that recognize Delta and Omicron variants of concern.

Author

Schultz BM, Melo-González F, Duarte LF, Gálvez NM, Pacheco GA, Soto JA, Berríos-Rojas RV, González LA, Moreno-Tapia D, Rivera-Pérez D, Ríos M, Vázquez Y, Hoppe-Elsholz G, Vallejos OP, Iturriaga C, Urzua M, Navarrete MS, Rojas Á, Fasce R, Fernández J, Mora J, Ramírez E, Gaete-Argel A, Acevedo M, Valiente-Echeverría F, Soto-Rifo R, Weiskopf D, Grifoni A, Sette A, Zeng G, Meng W, González-Aramundiz JV, González PA, Abarca K, Kalergis AM, and Bueno SM

Abstract

Background: CoronaVac ® is an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine approved by the World Health Organization. Previous studies reported increased levels of neutralizing antibodies and specific T cells two- and four-weeks after two doses of CoronaVac ® , but the levels of neutralizing antibodies are reduced at six to eight months after two doses. Here we report the effect of a booster dose of CoronaVac ® on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 immune response generated against variants of concern (VOC) Delta and Omicron in adults participating in a phase 3 clinical trial in Chile., Methods: Volunteers immunized with two doses of CoronaVac ® in a four-week interval received a booster dose of the same vaccine between twenty-four and thirty weeks after the 2nd dose. Four weeks after the booster dose, neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses were measured. Neutralization capacities and T cell activation against VOC Delta and Omicron were detected at four weeks after the booster dose., Findings: We observed a significant increase in neutralizing antibodies at four weeks after the booster dose. We also observed an increase in CD4 + T cells numbers over time, reaching a peak at four weeks after the booster dose. Furthermore, neutralizing antibodies and SARS-CoV-2 specific T cells induced by the booster showed activity against VOC Delta and Omicron., Interpretation: Our results show that a booster dose of CoronaVac ® increases the anti-SARS-CoV-2 humoral and cellular immune responses in adults. Immunity induced by a booster dose of CoronaVac ® is active against VOC, suggesting an effective protection.

Published
2022
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26. Interim report: Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 in healthy chilean adults in a phase 3 clinical trial.

Author

Bueno SM, Abarca K, González PA, Gálvez NM, Soto JA, Duarte LF, Schultz BM, Pacheco GA, González LA, Vázquez Y, Ríos M, Melo-González F, Rivera-Pérez D, Iturriaga C, Urzúa M, Dominguez A, Andrade CA, Berrios RV, Canedo-Marroquín G, Covián C, Moreno-Tapia D, Saavedra F, Vallejos OP, Donato P, Espinoza P, Fuentes D, González M, Guzmán P, Muñoz-Venturelli P, Pérez CM, Potin M, Rojas A, Fasce R, Fernández J, Mora J, Ramírez E, Gaete-Argel A, Oyarzún-Arrau A, Valiente-Echeverría F, Soto-Rifo R, Weiskopf D, Sette A, Zeng G, Meng W, González-Aramundiz JV, and Kalergis AM

Abstract

Background: The ongoing COVID-19 pandemic has had a significant impact worldwide, with an incommensurable social and economic burden. The rapid development of safe and protective vaccines against this disease is a global priority. CoronaVac is a vaccine prototype based on inactivated SARS-CoV-2, which has shown promising safety and immunogenicity profiles in pre-clinical studies and phase 1/2 trials in China. To this day, four phase 3 clinical trials are ongoing with CoronaVac in Brazil, Indonesia, Turkey, and Chile. This article reports the safety and immunogenicity results obtained in a subgroup of participants aged 18 years and older enrolled in the phase 3 Clinical Trial held in Chile., Methods: This is a multicenter phase 3 clinical trial. Healthcare workers aged 18 years and older were randomly assigned to receive two doses of CoronaVac or placebo separated by two weeks (0-14). We report preliminary safety results obtained for a subset of 434 participants, and antibody and cell-mediated immunity results obtained in a subset of participants assigned to the immunogenicity arm. The primary and secondary aims of the study include the evaluation of safety parameters and immunogenicity against SARS-CoV-2 after immunization, respectively. This trial is registered at clinicaltrials.gov ( NCT04651790 )., Findings: The recruitment of participants occurred between November 27 th , 2020, until January 9 th , 2021. 434 participants were enrolled, 397 were 18-59 years old, and 37 were ≥60 years old. Of these, 270 were immunized with CoronaVac, and the remaining 164 participants were inoculated with the corresponding placebo. The primary adverse reaction was pain at the injection site, with a higher incidence in the vaccine arm (55.6%) than in the placebo arm (40.0%). Moreover, the incidence of pain at the injection site in the 18-59 years old group was 58.4% as compared to 32.0% in the ≥60 years old group. The seroconversion rate for specific anti-S1-RBD IgG was 47.8% for the 18-59 years old group 14 days post immunization (p.i.) and 95.6% 28 and 42 days p.i. For the ≥60 years old group, the seroconversion rate was 18.1%, 100%, and 87.5% at 14, 28, and 42 days p.i., respectively. Importantly, we observed a 95.7% seroconversion rate in neutralizing antibodies for the 18-59 years old group 28 and 42 days p.i. The ≥60 years old group exhibited seroconversion rates of 90.0% and 100% at 28 and 42 days p.i. Interestingly, we did not observe a significant seroconversion rate of anti-N-SARS-CoV-2 IgG for the 18-59 years old group. For the participants ≥60 years old, a modest rate of seroconversion at 42 days p.i. was observed (37.5%). We observed a significant induction of a T cell response characterized by the secretion of IFN-γ upon stimulation with Mega Pools of peptides derived from SARS-CoV-2 proteins. No significant differences between the two age groups were observed for cell-mediated immunity., Interpretation: Immunization with CoronaVac in a 0-14 schedule in adults of 18 years and older in the Chilean population is safe and induces specific IgG production against the S1-RBD with neutralizing capacity, as well as the activation of T cells secreting IFN-γ, upon recognition of SARS-CoV-2 antigens., Funding: Ministry of Health of the Chilean Government; Confederation of Production and Commerce, Chile; Consortium of Universities for Vaccines and Therapies against COVID-19, Chile; Millennium Institute on Immunology and Immunotherapy.

Published
2021
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