Shoulder joint instability is a common cause of pain and functional limitations, which can lead to recurrent dislocations and subluxations. It arises from a disruption in the complex system of static and dynamic stabilizers of the shoulder joint, including the capsule, ligaments, the glenoid-labrum complex, as well as the rotator cuff and scapulothoracic muscles. Any dysfunction of these structures can lead to joint instability. Diagnosis primarily involves a detailed medical history, a precise clinical examination, and imaging techniques like X-rays, MRI, and CT to identify structural damage such as labral tears or fractures. There are several classification systems for shoulder instability, with the most common being the FEDS system and the TUBS/AMBRI system. These systems categorize instabilities based on the frequency and type of dislocation, the etiology (traumatic or atraumatic), as well as the direction and severity of the instability. In clinical practice, classification plays a central role in determining the appropriate treatment approach. A potential treatment for shoulder instability is conservative. This includes early physiotherapy aimed at pain relief, restoring mobility, and strengthening stabilizing muscles. Particularly important is the activation of the rotator cuff and scapulothoracic muscles to stabilize the joint and prevent further injuries. Conservative therapy can often be successful, even in patients with multidirectional instability (MDI), reducing the risk of recurrent dislocations. However, longer rehabilitation and the patient's consistent involvement are necessary for longterm success. In cases where conservative treatment is insufficient or recurrent dislocations occur, surgical therapy is required. The most common surgical method is capsule-labrum refixation, where the labrum is reattached to the glenoid rim. Additional procedures like capsular shift or the use of suture anchors to stabilize the joint structures are also performed. In some cases, especially in older patients or those with advanced arthritis, a shoulder prosthesis may be necessary. The outcomes of conservative therapy are generally good, particularly in patients without significant structural damage. However, repeated dislocations or inadequately treated instability can lead to osteoarthritis, which significantly impairs the shoulder joint's functionality in the long term. For surgical interventions, the prognosis is very good, but the success varies depending on the extent of the damage and the quality of rehabilitation. In conclusion, the treatment of shoulder instability is a complex process that requires accurate diagnosis and an individualized therapy approach. Conservative therapies can provide sufficient stabilization in many cases, but for patients with structural damage or recurrent dislocations, surgical interventions are often essential. Careful post-operative care and rehabilitation are critical for long-term success and the restoration of shoulder joint functionality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]