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6. Thrixspermum polystictum Toolmal, Schuit. & Suddee, spec. nov. (Figs. 21–23, 24A–B). Type:— THAILAND. Eastern Thailand, Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pakchong District, Khao Yai National Park, 10 September 2021, N . Toolmal & W. Tanming 10092102 (holotype: TTM-Spirit; isotypes: BKF, QBG). Thrixspermum centipeda auct. non Lour.: Seidenfaden (1988: 152). Thrixspermum polystictum is distingished from T. latisaccatum J.J.Sm. (Smith 1920: 111) by the smaller flowers 5–6 cm across (vs. 8 cm across), the white lip, with reddish brown spots on the lip between the lateral lobes and on the callus (vs. yellow lip, suffused with reddish brown on the lip between the lateral lobes, without spots on the callus), the shorter and smaller sepals 26–32 × 2.6–3.0 mm, 5-nerved (vs. 38–43 × 3–5 mm, 7-nerved), the shorter and smaller petals 26–30 × 1.8–2.0 mm (vs. 35–40 × 2.0– 2.5 mm), the shorter and smaller spur 2–3 × 2–3 mm (vs. 3–4 × 4–5 mm), the shorter and smaller lateral lobes 5.7–6.0 × 2.4–3.0 mm (vs. 7 × 5 mm), the ovate mid-lobe 5 × 3.4 mm, depressed in the basal 3.2 mm, convex in apical 2 mm (vs. cylindrical mid-lobe 7 × 4 mm, depressed in the basal 2 mm, convex in apical 5 mm). Epiphytic herb. Stems patent or subscandent, 12 cm to at least 20 cm long, with c. 11 internodes, cylindrical, slightly laterally compressed, curved upwards from the middle, covered with the leaf sheaths, 9–12-leaved; internodes 8–14 × 4.2–5.8 mm. Roots cylindrical, thick, elongate, 10 cm to at least 50 cm long, 1.2–2.8 mm diam., arising from the basal part of the stem and from nodes at the lowest leaf, not or sparsely branching. Leaves green, patent, oblong, 8–10 × 2.2–2.5 cm, sessile, slightly narrowed towards the base, leaves on the same side of the stem 2.0– 2.5 cm apart, dorsiventrally flattened, apex unequal bilobed with obtuse lobes, with a small mucro in the middle, thick, rigid, fleshy, coriaceous, the midrib distinct on the abaxial side; leaf sheaths green, slightly spotted or suffused with purplish red, slightly bilaterally compressed, longer than the stem internodes. Inflorescences five to nine per plant, patent, racemose, 8–9 cm long, long pedunculate, arising from the nodes at the opposite side of the leaves and below the roots, sometime bearing two inflorescences at the same point, green with purplish red spots; peduncle slender, slightly upwards curved from the middle, 4–6 cm long, 1.5–4.5 mm diam., with 3 internodes, the basal internode fairly short, stout, 3–5 mm long, 1.8–2.0 mm diam., the middle internode longer, 4–5 cm long, 1.5–2.7 mm diam., the terminal internode strongly bilaterally compressed distally, 1.0– 1.5 cm long, broadening to 4–4.5 mm diam. just below rachis; peduncle scales 3, green with purplish red spots, ovate to broadly triangular, incurved, concave, thickened, slightly boat-shaped, clasping the peduncle, 5–6 × 2– 2 mm, apex acuminate, keeled; rachis 2.5–3.0 cm long, depending on the age of the inflorescence, 9–10-flowered, with one or two flowers open at a time, strongly bilaterally flattened, with distichous, persistent floral bracts, 1.5–2.0 mm apart, 8–10 mm wide across the floral bracts. Floral bracts green, bilaterally flattened, ovate to broadly triangular, incurved, concave, thickened, slightly boat-shaped, clasping the rachis, 8–10 × 3.0– 3.4 mm, apex acuminate, keeled. Pedicel-with-ovary yellowish green, cylindrical, 6-grooved, 9 mm long, 1.2 mm diam. Flowers resupinate, opening widely, lasting only one day, membranaceous, 5–6 cm across, mildly sweet-scented; tepals pale yellow, slightly tinged with purplish red at the base, lip white, with purplish red spots on the sac and the lateral lobes on both surfaces, with reddish brown spots between the lateral lobes on both surfaces, the spur with 1 mm diam. orangish rounded warts on the back wall which shine through on the outside, the midlobe white, the callus white with purplish red spots at the base and reddish brown spots at apex, column and column-foot creamy white tinged with purplish red, anther, stipe and viscidium creamy white. Sepals recurved at the base. Dorsal sepal linear, 26–32 × 2.6–3.0 mm, slightly tapering towards the apex, slightly concave, somewhat twisted near the base, apex acuminate, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Lateral sepals linear, obliquely subhorizontal, 28–32 × 2.8–3.5 mm, slightly tapering towards the apex, rather concave, somewhat twisted and expanded near base, apex acuminate, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Petals similar to sepals, slightly smaller, obliquely, 26–30 × 1.8–2.0 mm, recurved from the base, apex acuminate, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Lip oblong to broadly ovate in outline, 3-lobed, c. 10 × 3.0– 3.5 mm in natural position, 7 mm wide when spread, with a broad, sac-like spur at the base; spur broadly conical, 2–3 × 2–3 mm, apex 3-lobed with shallowly obtuse lobes (0.5 × 0.5 mm), on the back wall densely covered with long hairs (0.5 mm long) towards the base of the callus; lateral lobes narrowly triangular to slightly ovate, subfalcate, 5.7–6.0 × 2.4–3.0 mm, free part 1.3 mm long, erect, curving outwards, shortly pubescent on both surfaces, apex obtuse; mid-lobe ovate, 5 × 3.4 mm, depressed in basal part 3.2 mm, densely pubescent on both surfaces, convex and pubescent in apical 2 mm, 2.5 mm thick, more or less evenly thick from base to apex, apex obtuse; lip between the lateral lobes sparsely pubescent on both surfaces, with a tongue-shaped callus a little below the mid-lobe, callus 1.5 mm long, 1.3 mm diam., glabrous, apex obtuse, decurved. Column cylindrical, short, stout, 1.3 × 1.5 mm, laterally winged; column-foot short, broad, 1.8 × 1.8 mm. Anther suborbicular in outline, glabrous, 1.5 × 1.5 mm, the median with a longitudinal ridge. Pollinia in 2 pairs, those in a pair unequal, elliptic, curved; the larger 1.0 × 0.5 mm; the smaller, 0.8 × 0.3 mm; stipe broadly ovate-elliptic, 0.5× 0.5 mm, concave in the median, slightly translucent; viscidium transverse-linear, 0.2 × 0.6 mm, bent into a crescent shape, slightly translucent. Fruit not seen (Figs. 20–22). Described from living plants and flowers, and spirit material. Distribution:— THAILAND. Eastern: Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pakchong District, Khao Yai National Park (Fig. 27). Etymology:—From the Latinised Greek polystictus, with many dots, referring to the markings on the lip. Phenology:—Flowering in July and September (in natural habitat, two records); February (in cultivation, one record). Flowering is probably intermittent throughout the year, as in most species of Thrixspermum. Habitat and ecology:—Epiphyte in dry evergreen forest at 750 m elevation, growing on twigs of small trees, (introduced) Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae), in exposed positions at about 1 metre above the ground. Conservation status:— Thrixspermum polystictum is currently only known from the type locality in eastern Thailand. Its population size has yet to be estimated and its wider distribution remains unknown. This species could be restricted to only one national park or may be distributed in neighbouring protected areas as well. It is, therefore, provisionally assessed as Data Deficient (DD) according to IUCN criteria. Vernacular (Thailand):—Maeng Mum Lueang Pakkra (แมงมุมเหลืองปากกระ), Ta Khap Lueang Pakkra (ตะขาบเหลืองปากกระ). Additional specimens examined:— THAILAND. Eastern: Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pakchong District, Khao Yai National Park, S. Kaitongsuk 593, 29 September 2020 (BKF 01–00547!), S. Kaitongsuk 689, 06 July 2021 (BKF s.n.!), Seidenfaden & Smitinand GT 4396, October 1962 (C 8340!, Seidenfaden 1988: 152 as T. centipeda), Seidenfaden & Smitinand GT 5761, 02 September 1966 (C 8303!, Seidenfaden 1988: 152 as T. centipeda), Seidenfaden & Smitinand GT 5764B, 16 July 1968 (C 8343!, Seidenfaden 1988: 152 as T. centipeda), Beusekom, CF van & Charoenphol, C 1813, 21 October 1969 (L 1540359!). Taxonomic notes:—Although it has been confused with Thrixspermum centipeda, the species most similar to T. polystictum is probably the West Malesian T. latisaccatum (Fig. 23C–D), as they share linear, pale yellow tepals, sepals and petals recurved from the base, and a cylindrical midlobe. Thrixspermum polystictum differs in the characters mentioned in the diagnosis, in particular in the white lip with reddish brown spots, shorter and smaller tepals, and the ovate mid-lobe with the apical 2 mm convex. Because of the convex midlobe, T. polystictum is also similar to T. simile. It differs in having a white lip with numerous fine reddish brown spots, the callus with purplish red and reddish brown spots (vs. a pale yellow lip, adaxially marked with large, irregular, purplish red or brownish orange blotches on the sac towards the base of the mid-lobe, without spots on the callus). In Thrixspermum polystictum, the sepals are recurved, 26–32 × 2.6–3.5 mm, petals 26–30 × 1.8–2.0 mm, whereas the sepals are incurved, 26 × 3.0– 3.5 mm, petals 23–24 × 2.0– 2.5 mm in Thrixspermum simile. In Thrixspermum polystictum, the lip is 10 mm long (vs. lip 8.0– 8.5 mm long), spur 3-lobed at apex (vs. spur obtuse at apex), lateral lobes 5.7–6.0 × 2.4–3.0 mm (vs. lateral lobes 5.0–5.2 × 2.0– 2.2 mm), mid-lobe narrowly ovate 5 × 3.4 mm, depressed in the basal 3.2 mm, convex in apical 2 mm, without lateral swellings between the basal and apical parts (vs. mid-lobe broadly ovate, 3–5 × 3.5–4.5 mm, depressed in the basal 1.5–2.2 mm, convex in apical 4 mm, with lateral swellings between the basal and apical parts)., Published as part of Toolmal, Nopparut, Suddee, Somran, Culham, Alastair, Utteridge, Timothy M. A. & Schuiteman, André, 2023, Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand, pp. 223-262 in Phytotaxa 601 (3) on pages 254-260, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8141764, {"references":["Seidenfaden, G. (1988) Orchid genera in Thailand XIV. Fifty-nine vandoid genera. Opera Botanica 95: 1 - 398.","Smith, J. J. (1920) Orchidaceae novae Malayenses IX. Bulletin du Jardin Botanique de Buitenzorg, ser. 3, 2: 15 - 126."]}

1. Thrixspermum alboluteum Toolmal, Schuit. & Culham, spec. nov. (Figs. 1–3, 4A–B). Type:— THAILAND. South-Western Thailand, Phetchaburi Province, Kaeng Krachan National Park, Ban Krang Camp, 312 m, 20 December 2020, N . Toolmal, S. Raksue & W. Tanming 20122001 (holotype: TTM-Spirit; isotypes: BKF, QBG). Thrixspermum musciflorum auct. non A.S. Rao & J. Joseph: Seidenfaden (1988): 166, Fig. 101, Pl. XVIIb. Thrixspermum alboluteum is distinguished from T. formosanum by the distinct concave triangular mid-lobe with emarginate apex, covered with long clavate hairs adaxially and in the apical part (vs. indistinct mid-lobe with glandular hairs adaxially), the obliquely obovate lateral lobes 4.0–5.0 mm long with rounded apex (vs. triangular 1.5–3.0 mm long with obtuse apex), bright yellow tepals, lip white, with brownish orange spots on the sac, and with scattered small orange warts inside the sac (vs. white tepals, lip white, marked with pinkish lines, with two orange-yellow bars along the apical margin, and without warts). Epiphytic herb. Stems patent, 3.5–8.0 cm long, with 5–14 internodes, terete, slightly laterally compressed, curved upwards in upper half, covered with the leaf sheaths, 4–13-leaved; internodes 1.2–4.4 × 1.2–3.6 mm. Roots terete, thick, elongate, 4 cm to more than 30 cm long, 0.5–2.4 mm diam., arising from the basal part of the stem and from nodes opposite the leaves, not or sparsely branching. Leaf sheaths green, spotted or suffused with purplish red, slightly bilaterally compressed, longer than the stem internodes. Leaves green, spotted or suffused with purplish red, patent, narrowly oblong to linear, 12–60 × 3–7 mm, sessile, slightly narrowed towards the base, leaves on the same side of the stem 1.4–7.0 mm apart, dorsiventrally flattened, conduplicate, V-shaped in cross-section, apex unequally 2-lobed with sharply acute lobes, with a small mucro in the middle, thick, rigid, fleshy, coriaceous, the midrib distinct on the abaxial side. Inflorescences one to eight per plant, patent, racemose, 2–6 cm long, long pedunculate, longer than leaf, arising from the nodes at the opposite side of the leaves, green, slightly spotted purplish red; peduncle slender, slightly upwards curved from the middle, 1.5–5 cm long, 0.4–2.0 mm diam., with 2–3 internodes, the basal internode somewhat shorter, 0.5–2.0 cm long, 0.4–0.5 mm diam., the middle internode longer, 1.5–4.0 cm long, 0.4–1.0 mm diam., the terminal internode swollen distally, 0.5–2.3 cm long, broadening to 2.0 mm diam. just below rachis; peduncle scales 2–3, green, broadly ovate to triangular, incurved, concave, thickened, slightly boat-shaped, clasping the peduncle, 1.2–2.0 × 0.8– 1.5 mm, apex acute, keeled; rachis relatively short, 0.3–1.2 cm long, depending on the age of the inflorescence, densely 4–17-flowered, with one flower open at a time, swollen, 3–6 mm diam., clearly thicker than the peduncle. Floral bracts quaquaversal, green, broadly ovate to triangular, incurved, concave, thickened, slightly boat-shaped, clasping the rachis, 1.5–2.0 × 1.0– 1.5 mm, apex acute, keeled. Pedicel-with-ovary yellowish green, cylindrical, 6-grooved, 2.5– 7.0 mm long, 1.0 mm diam. Flowers resupinate, opening widely, lasting only one day, membranaceous, 0.8–1.2 cm across, mildly sweet-scented; tepals bright yellow, lip white, spotted with brownish orange on both surfaces of the sac and at apex of the callus, the sac with orange warts inside on the back wall which shine through on the outside, column and anther white, pollinia bright yellow, stipe and viscidium creamy white. Dorsal sepal obovate to elliptic, 3.5–8.0 × 2–4 mm, concave, slightly boat-shaped, apex obtuse, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Lateral sepals broadly ovate, subfalcate, 4–7 × 3–5 mm, obliquely dilated at the lower margin, slightly concave, with a low abaxial keel, the base broadly connected with the column-foot, obtuse, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Petals oblanceolate, 4.4–4.5 × 1.8–2.0 mm, slightly oblique, curving downward from the middle, shorter and narrower than the sepals, slightly concave, obtuse, glabrous, 3-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Lip suborbicular in outline when spread, 3-lobed, 5–7 × 2.0– 3.5 mm in natural position, 6–8 mm wide when spread, with a broad, sac-like spur at the base; spur oblong-conical, 2.0–2.2 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex shallowly bilobulate with obtuse lobules (0.3 × 1 mm), inside towards the base of the callus with scattered small orange warts, and densely covered with long clavate hairs (0.5 mm long) towards the lip blade; lateral lobes obliquely obovate, distinctly surpassing the mid-lobe, 4–5 × 3 mm, with rounded apex, erect, curving forwards and bent inwards, clasping the column, adaxial surface sparsely covered with 0.5 mm long clavate hairs in the basal part and along the apical margins, abaxial surface glabrous; mid-lobe short, broadly triangular to rounded, 0.5–1.0 × 2–3 mm, somewhat concave, densely covered with 0.5 mm long clavate hairs on the adaxial surface and along the margins, rather thick (1.0– 1.5 mm), fleshy, entire, apex emarginate (each lobule 0.5 × 1.5 mm); lip adaxially between the lateral lobes sparsely covered with long clavate hairs, glabrous abaxially, a little below the mid-lobe with a trapeziform callus 1.0– 1.5 mm long, 1–2 mm diam., apex bilobulate, decurved. Column cylindrical, short, stout, 2 × 1.5–2.0 mm, laterally winged; column-foot short, broad, 1.0–2.5 × 1.5–2.5 mm. Anther suborbicular in outline, glabrous, 1.0 × 1.2 mm. Pollinia in two pairs, those in a pair unequal, elliptic, curved; the larger 0.8 × 0.5 mm; the smaller, 0.6 × 0.4 mm; stipe broadly ovate, 0.5× 0.5 mm, concave along the median, slightly translucent; viscidium transverse-linear, 0.2 × 0.5 mm, bent into a crescent shape, slightly translucent. Fruit green, narrowly cylindrical, 70 mm long, 4 mm diam., with 6 longitudinal ridges. Described from living plants and flowers, and spirit material. Distribution:— THAILAND. Eastern: Nakhon Ratchasima Province (Khao Yai National Park); South-Western: Uthai Thani Province (Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary); Phetchaburi Province (Kaeng Krachan National Park); Prachuap Khiri Khan Province (Khan Kra Dai) (Fig. 25). Phenology:—Flowering in January, March, April and May (in natural habitat, four records); April (in cultivation, one record). Flowering is probably intermittent throughout the year, as in most species of Thrixspermum. Habitat and ecology:—Epiphyte in dry evergreen and mixed deciduous forests, at 300–600 m elevation, locally common along streams and surrounding zones, growing on twigs of small trees, such as Lagerstroemia floribunda Jack (1820: 509) (Lythraceae) and (introduced) Psidium guajava L. (Linnaeus 1753: 470) (Myrtaceae), in exposed positions at about 1–3 meters above the ground. Conservation status:— Thrixspermum alboluteum has been recorded from four localities in Eastern Thailand from Khao Yai National Park and South-Western Thailand, namely from the Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, Kaeng Krachan National Park and Khan Kra Dai Cave, with an Extent of occurrence (EOO) of 49,773.942 km 2 and an Area of occupancy (AOO) of 16.000 km 2. Although the species occurs in a strictly protected area in Khao Yai National Park and Kaeng Krachan National Park, it has a very small known population there of less than 10 mature individuals. The natural habitat in Kaeng Krachan National Park was also destroyed by being developed into a campsite and visitor centre, and visitors also collected the plants. It is, however, possible that the new species can be found distributed in other similar habitats in both sites. Khan Kra Dai Cave is currently being developed for the local temple; it is surrounded by plantations and is becoming more popular among tourists, all of which poses a considerably threat to the population of this species. However, it seems to be fairly common in Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, with more than 1,000 mature individuals present in several places, located in a diverse forest of the wildlife sanctuary and with strict protection (Priwan Srisom and Salil Sittisatjathum, pers. comm.). It is, therefore, provisionally assigned the conservation status of Vulnerable (VU) according to IUCN criteria (Vulnerable: B1a, c; C2a; D1, 2). More insight into the distribution of this species is needed for a reliable assessment. Etymology:—From the Latin album, white, and luteum, yellow, referring to the yellow tepals and the mainly white lip. Vernacular (Thailand):— ตะขาบเหลืองตะนาวศรี (Takhap Lueang Tanao Si), ตะขาบเหลืองปากหยัก (Takhap Lueang Pakyak). Additional specimens examined:— THAILAND. Eastern: Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Pak Chong, Khao Yai National Park, Cumberlege 526 (C 8433!, K 24716!, Seidenfaden 1988: 166 as T. musciflorum), Cumberlege 527 (C 8428!, K 27388!, Seidenfaden 1988: 166 as T. musciflorum), Haew Suwat Waterfall, Seidenfaden & Smitinand GT 5790 (C 8353!, 8354!, Seidenfaden 1988: 162 as T. trichoglottis); South-Western: Uthai Thani Province, Huai Kha Khaeng Wildlife Sanctuary, K.S. s.n., 03 April 1991 (BCU s.n.!), Phetchaburi Province, Kaeng Krachan National Park, S. Raksue 79, 16 April 2008 (BKF s.n.!), Prachuap Khiri Khan Province, Khan Kra Dai, Put 2318, 16 January 1929 (C 8379!; K s.n.!, Seidenfaden 1988: 166 as T. musciflorum), A.F.G. Kerr 0736, 21 March 1929 (K s.n.!, Seidenfaden 1988: 166 as T. musciflorum). Taxonomic notes:— Thrixspermum alboluteum may be recognised by the combination of the obliquely obovate lateral lobes of the lip surpassing the triangular, concave and emarginate mid-lobe, the long clavate hairs on the lip, yellow flowers with a white lip, and orange warts inside the spur. It is morphologically similar to T. formosanum (Fig. 4E–F), a species from India, southern China, North Vietnam and Taiwan (Lin & Hsu 1977, Chen et al. 2009, the Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan 2000, Lin & Wang 2014, Gogoi & Yonzone 2015, Kaliamoorthy & Saravanan 2019, Khanal et al. 2022), because of its small stature with oblong or lanceolate to linear leaves, inflorescences longer than the leaves, and sepals and petals similarly shaped; it differs in having yellow flowers, a lip with brownish orange spots and orange warts, a distinct mid-lobe with emarginate apex, and obovate lateral lobes. Having critically compared the original descriptions and the type specimens of T. formosanum (T. Kawakami & N. Mori s.n., Formosa, 1907, K 000891322!, type of Sarcochilus formosanus Hayata) and T. musciflorum (Joseph 45621A, between Umran & Umsaw beside the Gauhati-Shillong highway, Nongpoh, Meghalaya, India, 23 July 1966, ASSAM 0000000209!, image seen) and the relevant literature of both species, we conclude that the two taxa are conspecific; they agree in being small plants with stems 1.5–3 cm long, white flowers 1.0– 1.2 cm across, an obovate to elliptic dorsal-sepal, ovate lateral-sepals, oblanceolate petals, a white lip, marked with pinkish to brownish stripes, triangular lateral lobes, and an indistinct mid-lobe with orangish markings and glandular hairs. In India and Bhutan, T. formosanum has often been identified as T. musciflorum (Rao & Joseph 1969; Kataki 1986; Chowdhery 1998; Bose & Bhattacharjee 1999; Dalström et al. 2017; Misra 2019; Barbhuiya et al. 2021). We also find no significant differences between T. formosanum and T. musciflorum var. nilagiricum Joseph & Vajravelu (1981). In contrast, the species we here describe as T. alboluteum had been misidentified as T. musciflorum by Seidenfaden 1988. His drawing, taxonomic notes and photographs (C-SEIDENFADEN no. 24-157!, 24-158!, 24-159!, 24-161!, 24-162!, 24-163!, 24-192!, 24- 193!, 24-194!) perfectly match our plant from Kaeng Krachan National Park. We also note that the species illustrated as T. musciflorum in Singh et al. (2019: 492) is T. indicum Vik.Kumar, D.Verma & A.N.Rao (Kumar et al. 2017). Thrixspermum alboluteum is also similar to T. patkaiense K. Gogoi (Gogoi 2022: 9, as ‘ patkaiensis ’), a recently described species from north-eastern India, which also occurs in central Laos (Averyanov 2018, as T. hystrix auct. non (Blume) Rchb.f.), Myanmar (photos by H. Kurzweil seen), and Thailand (pers. obs. Nopparut Toolmal). Like T. alboluteum, T. patkaiense (Fig. 4C–D) has yellow tepals but it has a yellow lip marked with longitudinal purplish red stripes on both surfaces of the lateral lobes towards the spur, the mid-lobe yellowish with an orange band along the apical margins, and a callus that is distinctly raised at the apex (vs. a white lip with different markings, see description, and a nearly flat callus). In T. alboluteum the lateral lobes are obovate and broadly rounded (vs. broadly ovate), the mid-lobe is densely covered with long capitate hairs on the adaxial surface and along the margin but not abaxially (vs. covered on both surfaces). The spur of T. alboluteum differs from that of T. patkaiense in being proportionally narrower, 2.0–2.2 × 1.5–2.5 mm (vs. 2.5 × 3.0– 4.2 mm). Both species have orange warts inside the spur., Published as part of Toolmal, Nopparut, Suddee, Somran, Culham, Alastair, Utteridge, Timothy M. A. & Schuiteman, André, 2023, Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand, pp. 223-262 in Phytotaxa 601 (3) on pages 225-230, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8141764, {"references":["Seidenfaden, G. (1988) Orchid genera in Thailand XIV. Fifty-nine vandoid genera. Opera Botanica 95: 1 - 398.","Linnaeus, C. (1753) Species Plantarum, vol. 1. Holmiae, Impensis Laurentii Salvii, 560 pp.","Lin, T. P. & Hsu, C. C. (1977) The genus Thrixspermum Lour. of Taiwan (Orchidaceae). Taiwania 22 (1): 59 - 72.","Chen, S. C., Liu, Z. J., Zhu, G. H., Lang, K. Y., Tsi, Z. H., Luo, Y. B., Jin, X. H., Cribb, P. J., Wood, J. J., Gale, S. W., Ormerod, P., Vermeulen, J. J., Wood, H. P., Clayton, D. & Bell, A. (2009) Orchidaceae. In: Wu, Z. Y., Raven, P. H. & Hong, D. Y. (eds.) Flora of China, vol. 25. Science Press, Beijing & Missouri Botanical Garden Press, St. Louis, 570 pp.","Editorial Committee of the Flora of Taiwan. (2000) Flora of Taiwan, vol. 5 Angiosperms Monocotyledon s (2 nd ed.). Department of Botany, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, 1143 pp.","Lin, W. M. & Wang, Y. F. (2014) The wild orchids of Taiwan an illustrated guide. KBCC press, Taiwan, 923 pp.","Gogoi, K. & Yonzone, R. (2015) Thrixspermum formosanum (Hayata) Schltr. (Orchidaceae) from Karbi Anglong (Assam): A new record for India. The MIOS Journal 16 (1): 11 - 16.","Kaliamoorthy, S. & Saravanan, T. S. (2019) Additions to the orchid flora of Peninsular India. Rheedea 29 (4): 319 - 322. https: // dx. doi. org / 10.22244 / rheedea. 2019.29.4.05","Khanal, M., Chettri, M., Kumar, D., Chhetri, P. & Rai, S. K. (2022) Thrixspermum formosanum (Hayata) Schltr. (Orchidaceae) - A new record for the state flora of Sikkim, India. Pleione 16 (3): 345 - 347.","Rao, A. S. & Joseph, J. (1969) A new orchid species from K. & J. Hills, Assam - Thrixspermum muscaeflorum A. S. Rao & Joseph. Bulletin of the Botanical Survey of India 11 (1 - 2): 123 - 125.","Kataki, S. K. (1986) Orchids of Meghalaya. Government of Meghalaya, Shillong, 258 pp.","Chowdhery, H. J. (1998) Orchid Flora of Arunachal Pradesh. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, India, 824 pp.","Bose, T. K., Bhattacharjee, S. K., Das, P. & Basak, U. C. (1999) Orchids of India, Second Edition. Naya Prokash, Calcutta, India, 570 pp.","Dalstrom, S., Gyeltshen, C. & Gyeltshen, N. (2017) A Century of New Orchid Records in Bhutan. The National Biodiversity Centre, Ministry of Agriculture and Forests, Royal Government of Bhutan, Serbithang, Thimphu, Bhutan, 210 pp.","Misra, S. (2019) Orchids of India; A Handbook. Bishen Singh Mahendra Pal Singh, Dehra Dun, India, 652 pp.","Barbhuiya, H. A., Verma, D., Dey, S. & Salunkhe, C. K. (2021) An Illustrated Guide to the Orchids of Assam. Balipara foundation, Assam, India, 806 pp.","Joseph, J. & Vajravelu, E. (1981) Thrixspermum muscaeflorum var. nilagiricum Joseph & Vajravelu, a new variety from Nilgiri Hills, South India. Indian Forester 107 (10): 648 - 651.","Singh, S. K., Agrawala, D. K., Jalal, J. S., Dash, S. S., Mao, A. A. & Singh, P. (2019) Orchids of India - A Pictorial Guide. Botanical Survey of India, Kolkata, 547 pp.","Kumar, V., Verma, D. & Rao, A. N. (2017) Thrixspermum indicum (Orchidaceae), a new species from Northeast India. Phytotaxa 292: 79 - 84.","Gogoi, K. (2022) Thrixspermum patkaiensis sp. nov. (Vandae: Aeridinae) from Assam, Northeast India. Lankesteriana 22 (1): 9 - 16. https: // doi. org / 10.15517 / lank. v 22 i 1.50589","Averyanov, L. V., Averyanova, A. L., Sinh, N. K., Orlov, N. L., Maisak, T. V. & Tien, N. H. (2018) New and rare orchid species (Orchidaceae) in the flora of Cambodia and Laos. Novitates Systematicae Plantarum Vascularium 49: 24 - 41. https: // doi. org / 10.31111 / novitates / 2018.49.24"]}

Toolmal, Nopparut, Suddee, Somran, Culham, Alastair, Utteridge, Timothy M. A., Schuiteman, André (2023): Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand. Phytotaxa 601 (3): 223-262, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.3, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.3

3. Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Kuntze (1891: 682); Schlechter (1911: 57); Smith (1921: 320); Holttum (1964: 611); Comber (1990: 322); Comber (2001: 955); Wood et al. (2011: 553) (Figs. 8–11, 12C–D) — Sarcochilus trichoglottis Hook.f. (1890: 39); Hooker (1890: 2123).— Dendrocolla trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Ridley (1896: 381). Type: Singapore, icon. Ridley s.n. (lectotype K!, here designated). Epitype (here designated): Peninsular Malaysia, Pahang, Tembeling, October 1929, C.E. Carr 185 (K s.n.!). Former syntypes: Malaysia, Perak, King’s Collector 5934 (K!), icon. Scortechini s.n. (K!). Epiphytic herb. Stems patent, 10–20 cm long, with 11–23 internodes, terete, slightly laterally compressed, curved upwards in upper half, covered with the leaf sheaths, 7–17-leaved; internodes 2.8–15.0 × 1.7–3.6 mm. Roots terete, thick, elongate, 9 cm to more than 20 cm long, 0.4–1.8 mm diam., arising from the basal part of the stem and from nodes opposite the leaves or near the lowest leaf, not or sparsely branching. Leaf sheaths green, slightly bilaterally compressed, longer than the stem internodes. Leaves green, patent, oblong, 3–7 × 0.7–1.8 cm, sessile, slightly narrowed towards the base, leaves on the same side of the stem 0.5–4.0 cm apart, dorsiventrally flattened, apex unequally 2-lobed with obtuse lobes, with a small mucro in the middle, thick, rigid, fleshy, coriaceous, the midrib distinct on the abaxial side. Inflorescences one to seven per plant, patent, racemose, 7–12 cm long, long pedunculate, equally or slightly longer than leaf, arising from the nodes at the lowest leaves and below the roots, yellowish green; peduncle terete, slightly upwards curved from the middle, 6–9 cm long, 0.7–2.3 mm diam., with 2–3 internodes, the basal internode fairly short, stout, c. 3 mm long, 0.7–1.5 mm diam., the middle internode normally longer, 2 cm long, 0.9 mm diam., the terminal internode swollen distally, 3.5–5.5 cm long, broadening to 2.3 mm diam. just below rachis; peduncle scales 2–3, yellowish green, broadly ovate to triangular, incurved, concave, thickened, slightly boat-shaped, clasping the peduncle, 2.2–3.0 × 0.5–1.4 mm, apex acuminate, keeled; rachis relatively short, 0.5–1.0 cm long, depending on the age of the inflorescence, densely 7–11-flowered, with 1–2 flowers open at a time, swollen, 3.5–6.3 mm diam., clearly thicker than the peduncle. Floral bracts quaquaversal, green, broadly ovate to triangular, incurved, concave, thickened, slightly boat-shaped, strongly clasping the rachis for nearly half of its length, 2.2–4.8 × 1.5–2.5 mm, apex acuminate to caudate, keeled. Pedicel-with-ovary pale yellow, cylindrical, 6-grooved, 6–8 mm long, 0.8–1.0 mm diam. Flowers resupinate, opening widely, lasting one day, membranaceous, 1.5–2.0 cm across; tepals pale yellow, lip yellow, spotted with brownish orange on both surface at the basal part of the lateral lobes, between the lateral lobes, at the basal part of the mid-lobe, and at the apex of the callus, the spur with orange warts inside on the back wall which shine through on the outside, column pale yellow, anther creamy white, pollinia bright yellow, stipe and viscidium creamy white. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate to elliptic, 8–10 × 2.5–3.0 mm, concave, slightly boat-shaped, somewhat attenuate at the base, acute, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Lateral sepals lanceolate, 8–10 × 3.5–4 mm, obliquely dilated at the lower margin, concave, slightly boat-shaped, with a low abaxial keel, acute, glabrous, 5-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Petals oblanceolate, 7.5–9.0 × 2.5–3.0 mm, narrower than the sepals, concave, slightly boat-shaped, acute, glabrous, 3-nerved, nerves reticulate branching. Lip rhombic-triangular in outline when spread, oblong in natural position, 3-lobed, 5–6 × 2.5–3.0 mm in natural position, 7–8 mm wide when spread, with a conical, sac-like spur at the base; spur broadly conical, 2.5 × 2.0 mm, apex obtuse, inside towards the base of the callus with large, orange, rounded warts, 1 mm diam. and densely covered with fairly long capitate hairs (0.5 mm long); lateral lobes obovate, distinctly shorter than the mid-lobe, 4–6 × 3 mm, with obtuse apex, erect, curving upwards and clasping the column, densely covered with 0.8–1.0 mm long capitate hairs on both surfaces and along the apical margins; mid-lobe short, broadly triangular, 1 × 2 mm, slightly concave at the basal part, convex at apical part (0.5 mm), glabrous or sparsely covered with 0.8–1.0 mm long capitate hairs on the adaxial surface, rather thick, fleshy, entire, apex acute, decurved; lip adaxially between the lateral lobes densely covered with long capitate hairs, glabrous abaxially, a little below the mid-lobe with a cuneate callus 1.5 mm long, 1 mm diam., apex bilobulate, decurved, glabrous. Column cylindrical, short, stout, 2.0–3.0 × 1.5–2.0 mm, laterally winged; column-foot short, broad, 2.0 × 1.5–2.0 mm. Anther suborbicular in outline, glabrous, 1.0 × 1.0 mm, the median with a longitudinal ridge. Pollinia in two pairs, those in a pair unequal, ovate, curved; the larger 0.8 × 0.5 mm; the smaller, 0.6 × 0.3 mm; stipe broadly ovate, 0.5 × 0.5 mm, concave along the median, slightly translucent; viscidium transverse-linear, 0.2 × 0.5 mm, bent into a crescent shape, slightly translucent. Fruit yellowish green, narrowly cylindrical, 6–8 cm long, 3.0 mm diam., with 6 longitudinal ridges. Described from living plants and flowers, and spirit material. Distribution:— THAILAND. Peninsular: Narathiwat Province. SINGAPORE. Island Archipelago. MALAYSIA. Peninsular: Pahang, Kuala Lipis, Kulim, Kota Tinggi; Borneo: Sarawak, Kapit; Sabah, Sandakan, Ulu Dusun, Kota Tinggi. INDONESIA. Sumatra: West Coast, Pajokumbuh; Java: Bogor. (Fig. 26). Phenology:—Flowering in January, February, March, July, August, September, October (in natural habitat, ten records); March (in cultivation, three records). Flowering is probably intermittent throughout the year, as in most species of Thrixspermum. Habitat and ecology:—Epiphyte in orchards and along streams, 100–150 m elev., commonly found on branches of trees, including Psidium guajava L. (Myrtaceae) and Baccaurea motleyana (Müll. Arg.) Müll.Arg. (Müller Argoviensis 1866: 461) (Phyllanthaceae) at about 1–2 meters above the ground. Restricted to shady areas and somewhat exposed positions on small trees. Conservation status:— Thrixspermum trichoglottis (Hook.f.) Kuntze is a widespread species distributed from Southern Thailand, Malaysia (Peninsular, Borneo, Sarawak and Sabah), and Indonesia (Sumatra, Java), with an Extent of occurrence (EOO) of 1,516,886.346 km 2 and an Area of occupancy (AOO) of 60.000 km 2. As the species is quite common locally and can be found in large numbers of individuals in many sites, and is widespread from the southern part of Thailand to Java and Borneo, it is assessed as Least Concern (LC) according to IUCN criteria. Vernacular (Thailand):—Ta Khap Lueang Pak Lai (ตะขาบเหลืองปากลาย). Additional specimens examined:— THAILAND. Peninsular: Narathiwat Province, Sukhirin District, Phu Khao Thong Subdistrict, N . Toolmal, A. Baka & W. Tanming 28102001, 28 October 2020 (TTM 0006374!), Kalubee Subdistrict, I Jue Rao village, N . Toolmal, A. Baka & W. Tanming 28102002, 28 October 2020 (TTM 0006375!), Phu Khao Thong Subdistrict, N . Toolmal, A. Baka & W. Tanming 28102003, 28 October 2020 (TTM 0006376!). SINGAPORE. Ridley H. N . s.n., 1891 (K 000891299; syntype). MALAYSIA. Peninsular Malaysia, H. N . Ridley s.n., 1935 (K s.n.!), Pahang, Kuala Lipis, C. E . Carr K135, September 1929 (K 13824!), Kota Tinggi, Jalan Sg. Kemang, M . Shah & Noor. MS. 857, 28 September 1959 (K s.n.!, L 1540175!), Kulim, Ulu Paip, T . Roelfsema, APTM. Vogel, MMJ van. Balgooy s.n. (L 0770319, not seen), Borneo, J . Motley 484, August 1859 (K s.n.!), Sarawak, H. N . Ridley s.n., June 1915 (K s.n.!), Kapit, Upper Rejang River, J. & M. S . Clemens 1164, 1929 (K s.n.!), Clemens, J & Clemens, MS 21164, 01 January 1929 (L 0598061!, L 1540177!, L 1540178!), Unknown s.n. (BM 000534691!), Sabah, Sandakan, Ulu Dusun, A . Lamb SAN 84149 (K s.n.!), A . Lamb AL1166 / 89, 25 August 1989 (K s.n.!). SINGAPORE. Unknown locality, H. N . Ridley s.n., August 1891 (BM 000534669!), H. N . Ridley s.n., 15 February 1890 (BM 000534670!), H. N . Ridley s.n., 1891 (BM 000534671!), Hallow Road. Archipel. Ind., Unknown s.n. (L 1540176!). INDONESIA. Java, J. J . Smith s.n. (K s.n.!), Buitenzorg, Tegal Sapi, Bakhuizen van den Brink Jr, RC 1499, 23 July 1922 (L 1469180!), Sumatra, Posthumus 1042 (L 1540181!). UNKNOWN LOCALITY. Kartamah s.n. (L 1540180!). Taxonomic notes:—Although Thrixspermum trichoglottis is most similar to T. praetermissum (see the comparison above), it has also been confused with T. hystrix (Blume) Rchb.f. (Reichenbach 1874: 145, based on Dendrocolla hystrix Blume 1825: 291) first described from Bogor, West Java, Indonesia, which also has pale yellow tepals. However, T. trichoglottis is distinguished by having inflorescences as long as or slightly longer than the leaves, 7–12 cm long (vs. inflorescences twice as long as the leaves, 6.5–25 cm), an obtuse spur apex (vs. spur apex distinctly bilobed), the mid-lobe adaxially sparsely covered with long capitate hairs (vs. mid-lobe adaxially densely covered with long clavate hairs). Thrixspermum trichoglottis was described on the basis of a sterile specimen (King’s Collector 5934) and two drawings of poor quality by Scortechini and Ridley. Since several floral characters cannot be inferred from the existing type material, we here designate icon. Ridley s.n. (K s.n.!) as a lectotype, as it is the only type material that shows some floral details. To help fix the application of the name T. trichoglottis, we select C. E. Carr 185 (K s.n.) as an epitype, as this specimen was collected in the same floristic region as the type and because it has some flowers left. Although once reportedly very common in Singapore (Ridley, in sched.), it is currently considered Critically Endangered there (Yam 2013: 118). We note that the species reported as T. trichoglottis in Ong (2011: 95) and Ong et al. 2011 (2011: 163, the upper right figure) is T. pulchellum. Thrixspermum album (Ridl.) Schltr. (Schlechter 1911: 56, based on Dendrocolla alba Ridl. 1905: 191) has been included in the synonymy of T. trichoglottis (Seidenfaden & Wood, 1992). Having carefully examined the protologues and type specimens of T. album (H. N. Ridley 14130, Seberang Perai Selatan, Pulau Pinang, Malaysia, 1907, K s.n.!, BM 000534632!, type of Dendrocolla alba Ridl.) and T. pulchellum (Thwaites C.P. 2354 K 000891314!, type of Cylindrochilus pulchellus Thwaites), we consider that T. album matches T. pulchellum in all relevant characters. Therefore, we transfer T. album from the synonymy of T. trichoglottis to that of T. pulchellum., Published as part of Toolmal, Nopparut, Suddee, Somran, Culham, Alastair, Utteridge, Timothy M. A. & Schuiteman, André, 2023, Taxonomic notes on Thrixspermum (Orchidaceae: Aeridinae), with five new species from Thailand, pp. 223-262 in Phytotaxa 601 (3) on pages 235-242, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.601.3.3, http://zenodo.org/record/8141764, {"references":["Kuntze, C. E. O. (1891) Revisio Generum Plantarum, vol. 2. Arthur Felix, Leipzig, 637 pp.","Smith, J. J. (1921) Die Orchideen von Java. Sechster Nachtrag. Bulletin du Jardin botanique de Buitenzorg ser. 3, 3: 227 - 333.","Holttum, R. E. (1964) A Revised Flora of Malaya, volume I, Orchids of Malaya (3 rd ed.). Government Printing Office, Singapore, 759 pp.","Comber, J. B. (1990) Orchids of Java. The Bentham-Moxon Trust, The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, 407 pp.","Comber, J. B. (2001) Orchids of Sumatra. The Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, England, 1026 pp.","Wood, J. J., Beaman, T. E., Lamb, A., Chew, C. & Beaman, J. H. (2011) The Orchids of Mount Kinabalu 2. Natural History Publications (Borneo), Kota Kinabalu, 730 pp.","Hooker, J. D. (1890) Flora of British India, Vol. VI, Orchidaceae to Cyperaceae. L. Reeve & Co., London, 792 pp.","Ridley, H. N. (1896) The Orchidaceae and Apostasiaceae of the Malay Peninsula. Journal of the Linnean Society 32: 213 - 416.","Muller Argoviensis, J. (1866) Baccaurea. In: De Candolle, A. Prodromus Systematis Naturalis Regni Vegetabilis 15 (2): 456 - 466.","Reichenbach, H. G. (1874) Enumeration of the orchids collected by the Rev. E. C. Parish in the neighbourhood of Moulmein, with descriptions of the new species. Transactions of the Linnean Society of London, 2 nd series: Botany 30 (1): 133 - 155.","Blume, C. L. (1825) Bijdragen tot de Flora van Nederlandsch Indie. Lands Drukkerij, Batavia, 636 pp.","Yam, T. W. (2013) Native orchids of Singapore: Diversity, Identification and Conservation. National Parks Board, Singapore.","Ong, P. T., O'Byrne, P., Yong, W. S. Y. & Saw, L. G. (2011) Wild Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia. Forest Research Institute Malaysia (FRIM) & Ministry of Natural Resources and Environment Malaysia, Kepong, Malaysia, 196 pp.","Seidenfaden, G. & Wood, J. J. (1992) The Orchids of Peninsular Malaysia and Singapore. Olsen & Olsen, Fredensborg."]}

The Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea (CVPRG) is a specimen-based, expert-validated knowledge product, which provides a concise synthesis and overview of current knowledge on 3898 vascular plant species documented from Guinea (Conakry), West Africa, including their accepted names and synonyms, as well as their distribution and status within Guinea (indigenous or introduced, endemic or not). The CVPRG is generated automatically from the Guinea Collections Database and the Guinea Names Backbone Database, both developed and maintained at the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, in collaboration with the staff of the National Herbarium of Guinea. A total of 3505 indigenous vascular plant species are reported of which 3328 are flowering plants (angiosperms); this represents a 26% increase in known indigenous angiosperms since the last floristic overview. Intended as a reference for scientists documenting the diversity and distribution of the Guinea flora, the CVPRG will also inform those seeking to safeguard the rich plant diversity of Guinea and the societal, ecological and economic benefits accruing from these biological resources., This file is a printable version of the GBIF checklist dataset of the same name stored at https://doi.org/10.15468/f5gb45 . It is described in a forthcoming paper "A Taxonomically-verified and Vouchered Checklist of the Vascular Plants of the Republic of Guinea", Gosline et al., in Scientific Data.

Schuiteman, André, Concolor, Dendrobium (2022): What is Dendrobium concolor hort.? A reply to Idrees and Shaw, Phytotaxa 522 (2): 161-163 (2021). Phytotaxa 560 (1): 128-130, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.11, URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.560.1.11

Coelogyne macroptera (Kraenzl.) M.W.Chase & Schuit., comb. nov. Basionym: Dendrochilum macropterum Kraenzl. in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 50 II B 7: 99 (1907)., Published as part of Chase, Mark W., Gravendeel, Barbara, Sulistyo, Bobby P., Wati, Richa Kusuma & Schuiteman, André, 2021, Expansion of the orchid genus Coelogyne (Arethuseae; Epidendroideae) to include Bracisepalum, Bulleyia, Chelonistele, Dendrochilum, Dickasonia, Entomophobia, Geesinkorchis, Gynoglottis, Ischnogyne, Nabaluia, Neogyna, Otochilus, Panisea and Pholidota, pp. 94-134 in Phytotaxa 510 (2) on page 118, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.510.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5426332

Coelogyne edanoi (Quisumb.) M.W.Chase & Schuit., comb. nov. Basionym: Dendrochilum edanoi Quisumb., Philipp. J. Sci. 66: 141 (1938).

Coelogyne havilandii (Pfitzer) M.W.Chase & Schuit., comb. nov. Basionym: Dendrochilum havilandii Pfitzer in H.G.A.Engler (ed.), Pflanzenr., IV, 50 II B 7: 107 (1907). Heterotypic synonym: Dendrochilum hewittii J.J.Sm., Bull. Dép. Agric. Indes Néerl. 22: 14 (1909)., Published as part of Chase, Mark W., Gravendeel, Barbara, Sulistyo, Bobby P., Wati, Richa Kusuma & Schuiteman, André, 2021, Expansion of the orchid genus Coelogyne (Arethuseae; Epidendroideae) to include Bracisepalum, Bulleyia, Chelonistele, Dendrochilum, Dickasonia, Entomophobia, Geesinkorchis, Gynoglottis, Ischnogyne, Nabaluia, Neogyna, Otochilus, Panisea and Pholidota, pp. 94-134 in Phytotaxa 510 (2) on page 113, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.510.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5426332

Coelogyne bandaharaensis (J.J.Wood & J.B.Comber) M.W.Chase & Schuit., comb. nov. Basionym: Dendrochilum bandaharaense J.J.Wood & J.B.Comber, Lindleyana 10: 57 (1995)., Published as part of Chase, Mark W., Gravendeel, Barbara, Sulistyo, Bobby P., Wati, Richa Kusuma & Schuiteman, André, 2021, Expansion of the orchid genus Coelogyne (Arethuseae; Epidendroideae) to include Bracisepalum, Bulleyia, Chelonistele, Dendrochilum, Dickasonia, Entomophobia, Geesinkorchis, Gynoglottis, Ischnogyne, Nabaluia, Neogyna, Otochilus, Panisea and Pholidota, pp. 94-134 in Phytotaxa 510 (2) on page 103, DOI: 10.11646/phytotaxa.510.2.1, http://zenodo.org/record/5426332