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2. In-situ wavelength calibration without a calibration target: use of Fraunhofer lines after landing on planetary surface

Author

Mori, Shoki, Boettger, Ute, Buder, Maximilian, Cho, Yuichiro, Dietz, Enrico, Hagelschuer, Till, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Kameda, Shingo, Kopp, Emanuel, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Rull, Fernando, Ryan, Conor, Schroeder, Susanne, Sugita, Seiji, Tabata, Haruhisa, Usui, Tomohiro, and Yumoto, Koki

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics
Abstract

Accurate wavelength calibration is critical for qualitative and quantitative spectroscopic measurements. Many spectrometers for planetary exploration are equipped with onboard calibration sources. However, such calibration sources are not always available because planetary lander missions often have strong limitations in size and mass. In this study, we propose and validate a wavelength calibration method using solar Fraunhofer lines observed in reflective spectra. As a result, for a visible Raman spectrometer, the accuracy is better than 0.6 cm-1 in 0-4000 cm-1 range, and the magnesium abundance of olivine is estimated more accurately than 2%.

Published
2022

5. Science objectives of the MMX rover

Author

Ulamec, Stephan, Michel, Patrick, Grott, Matthias, Böttger, Ute, Schröder, Susanne, Hübers, Heinz-Wilhelm, Cho, Yuichiro, Rull, Fernando, Murdoch, Naomi, Vernazza, Pierre, Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, Biele, Jens, Tardivel, Simon, Arrat, Denis, Hagelschuer, Till, Knollenberg, Jörg, Vivet, Damien, Sunday, Cecily, Jorda, Laurent, Groussin, Olivier, Robin, Colas, and Miyamoto, Hirdy

Published
2023
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7. Radiation-induced alteration of apatite on the surface of Mars:first in situ observations with SuperCam Raman onboard Perseverance

Author

Clavé, E., Beyssac, O., Bernard, S., Royer, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Schröder, S., Rammelkamp, K., Forni, O., Fau, A., Cousin, A., Manrique, J. A., Ollila, A., Madariaga, J. M., Aramendia, J., Sharma, S. K., Fornaro, T., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro, Agard, Christophe, Alberquilla, Fernando, Alvarez Llamas, Cesar, Anderson, Ryan, Applin, Daniel, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Beal, Roberta, Beck, Pierre, Bedford, Candice, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Bernardi, Pernelle, Bertrand, Tanguy, Beyssac, Olivier, Bloch, Thierry, Bonnet, Jean-Yves, Bousquet, Bruno, Boustelitane, Abderrahmane, Bouyssou Mann, Magali, Brand, Matthew, Cais, Philippe, Caravaca, Gwenael, De Pinedo, Kepa Castro Ortiz, Cazalla, Charlene, Charpentier, Antoine, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Clegg, Samuel, Cloutis, Ed, Coloma, Leire, Comellas, Jade, Connell, Stephanie, Cousin, Agnes, DeFlores, Lauren, Dehouck, Erwin, Delapp, Dot, Perez, Tomas Delgado, Deron, Robin, Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, Alain, Dromart, Gilles, Essunfeld, Ari, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Follic, Hugo, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gabriel, Travis, Gallegos, Zachary, García-Florentino, Cristina, Gasda, Patrick, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gillier, Martin, Gomez, Laura, Gonzalez, Sofia, Grotzinger, John, Huidobro, Jennifer, Jacob, Xavier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lacombe, Gaetan, Lamarque, Florentin, Lanza, Nina, Larmat, Carene, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, Laetitia, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Chip, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Little, Cynthia, Loche, Mattéo, Lopez Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Mandon, Lucia, Manelski, Henry, Mangold, Nicolas, Martinez, Jose Manrique, Martin, Noah, Martinez Frias, Jesus, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcconnochie, Timothy, McLennan, Scott, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre Yves, Meunier, Frederique, Mimoun, David, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Nelson, Tony, Newell, Ray, Nicolas, Cécile, Newsom, Horton, O’Shea, Colleen, Ollila, Ann, Pantalacci, Philippe, Parmentier, Jonathan, Peret, Laurent, Perrachon, Pascal, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cédric, Pinet, Patrick, Poblacion, Iratxe, Poulet, Francois, Quantin Nataf, Cathy, Rapin, William, Reyes, Ivan, Rigaud, Laurent, Robinson, Scott, Rochas, Ludovic, Root, Margaret, Ropert, Eloise, Rouverand, Léa, Royer, Clement, Perez, Fernando Rull, Said, David, Sans-Jofre, Pierre, Schroeder, Susanne, Seel, Fabian, Sharma, Shiv, Sheridan, Amanda, Sobron Sanchez, Pablo, Stcherbinine, Aurélien, Stott, Alex, Toplis, Michael, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Wiens, Roger, Wolf, Uriah, Zastrow, Allison, Clavé, E., Beyssac, O., Bernard, S., Royer, C., Lopez-Reyes, G., Schröder, S., Rammelkamp, K., Forni, O., Fau, A., Cousin, A., Manrique, J. A., Ollila, A., Madariaga, J. M., Aramendia, J., Sharma, S. K., Fornaro, T., Maurice, S., Wiens, R. C., Acosta-Maeda, Tayro, Agard, Christophe, Alberquilla, Fernando, Alvarez Llamas, Cesar, Anderson, Ryan, Applin, Daniel, Aramendia, Julene, Arana, Gorka, Beal, Roberta, Beck, Pierre, Bedford, Candice, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Bernardi, Pernelle, Bertrand, Tanguy, Beyssac, Olivier, Bloch, Thierry, Bonnet, Jean-Yves, Bousquet, Bruno, Boustelitane, Abderrahmane, Bouyssou Mann, Magali, Brand, Matthew, Cais, Philippe, Caravaca, Gwenael, De Pinedo, Kepa Castro Ortiz, Cazalla, Charlene, Charpentier, Antoine, Chide, Baptiste, Clavé, Elise, Clegg, Samuel, Cloutis, Ed, Coloma, Leire, Comellas, Jade, Connell, Stephanie, Cousin, Agnes, DeFlores, Lauren, Dehouck, Erwin, Delapp, Dot, Perez, Tomas Delgado, Deron, Robin, Donny, Christophe, Doressoundiram, Alain, Dromart, Gilles, Essunfeld, Ari, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Follic, Hugo, Forni, Olivier, Fouchet, Thierry, Francis, Raymond, Frydenvang, Jens, Gabriel, Travis, Gallegos, Zachary, García-Florentino, Cristina, Gasda, Patrick, Gasnault, Olivier, Gibbons, Erin, Gillier, Martin, Gomez, Laura, Gonzalez, Sofia, Grotzinger, John, Huidobro, Jennifer, Jacob, Xavier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Kalucha, Hemani, Kelly, Evan, Knutsen, Elise, Lacombe, Gaetan, Lamarque, Florentin, Lanza, Nina, Larmat, Carene, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Deit, Laetitia, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Chip, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, Little, Cynthia, Loche, Mattéo, Lopez Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Madariaga, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Mandon, Lucia, Manelski, Henry, Mangold, Nicolas, Martinez, Jose Manrique, Martin, Noah, Martinez Frias, Jesus, Maurice, Sylvestre, Mcconnochie, Timothy, McLennan, Scott, Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre Yves, Meunier, Frederique, Mimoun, David, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Moros, Javier, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Nelson, Tony, Newell, Ray, Nicolas, Cécile, Newsom, Horton, O’Shea, Colleen, Ollila, Ann, Pantalacci, Philippe, Parmentier, Jonathan, Peret, Laurent, Perrachon, Pascal, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cédric, Pinet, Patrick, Poblacion, Iratxe, Poulet, Francois, Quantin Nataf, Cathy, Rapin, William, Reyes, Ivan, Rigaud, Laurent, Robinson, Scott, Rochas, Ludovic, Root, Margaret, Ropert, Eloise, Rouverand, Léa, Royer, Clement, Perez, Fernando Rull, Said, David, Sans-Jofre, Pierre, Schroeder, Susanne, Seel, Fabian, Sharma, Shiv, Sheridan, Amanda, Sobron Sanchez, Pablo, Stcherbinine, Aurélien, Stott, Alex, Toplis, Michael, Turenne, Nathalie, Veneranda, Marco, Venhaus, Dawn, Wiens, Roger, Wolf, Uriah, and Zastrow, Allison

Abstract

Planetary exploration relies considerably on mineral characterization to advance our understanding of the solar system, the planets and their evolution. Thus, we must understand past and present processes that can alter materials exposed on the surface, affecting space mission data. Here, we analyze the first dataset monitoring the evolution of a known mineral target in situ on the Martian surface, brought there as a SuperCam calibration target onboard the Perseverance rover. We used Raman spectroscopy to monitor the crystalline state of a synthetic apatite sample over the first 950 Martian days (sols) of the Mars2020 mission. We note significant variations in the Raman spectra acquired on this target, specifically a decrease in the relative contribution of the Raman signal to the total signal. These observations are consistent with the results of a UV-irradiation test performed in the laboratory under conditions mimicking ambient Martian conditions. We conclude that the observed evolution reflects an alteration of the material, specifically the creation of electronic defects, due to its exposure to the Martian environment and, in particular, UV irradiation. This ongoing process of alteration of the Martian surface needs to be taken into account for mineralogical space mission data analysis.

Published
2024

9. Epigenetic alterations in longevity regulators, reduced life span, and exacerbated aging-related pathology in old father offspring mice

Author

Xie, Kan, Ryan, Devon P., Pearson, Brandon L., Henzel, Kristin S., Neff, Frauke, Vidal, Ramon O., Hennion, Magali, Lehmann, Isabelle, Schleif, Melvin, Schröder, Susanne, Adler, Thure, Rathkolb, Birgit, Rozman, Jan, Schütz, Anna-Lena, Prehn, Cornelia, Mickael, Michel E., Weiergräber, Marco, Adamski, Jerzy, Busch, Dirk H., Ehninger, Gerhard, Matynia, Anna, Jackson, Walker S., Wolf, Eckhard, Fuchs, Helmut, Gailus-Durner, Valerie, Bonn, Stefan, de Angelis, Martin Hrabě, and Ehninger, Dan

Published
2018

10. Centimeter to decimeter hollow concretions and voids in Gale Crater sediments, Mars

Author

Wiens, Roger C., Rubin, David M., Goetz, Walter, Fairén, Alberto G., Schwenzer, Susanne P., Johnson, Jeffrey R., Milliken, Ralph, Clark, Ben, Mangold, Nicolas, Stack, Kathryn M., Oehler, Dorothy, Rowland, Scott, Chan, Marjorie, Vaniman, David, Maurice, Sylvestre, Gasnault, Olivier, Rapin, William, Schroeder, Susanne, Clegg, Sam, Forni, Olivier, Blaney, Diana, Cousin, Agnes, Payré, Valerie, Fabre, Cecile, Nachon, Marion, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Sautter, Violaine, Johnstone, Stephen, Calef, Fred, Vasavada, Ashwin R., and Grotzinger, John P.

Published
2017
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12. To Target or Not to Target Schistosoma mansoni Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 4A?

Author

Zheng, Yang, Schroeder, Susanne, Kanev, Georgi K., Botros, Sanaa S., William, Samia, Sabra, Abdel-Nasser A., Maes, Louis, Caljon, Guy, Gil, Carmen, Martinez, Ana, Salado, Irene G., Augustyns, Koen, Edink, Ewald, Sijm, Maarten, de Heuvel, Erik, de Esch, Iwan J. P., van der Meer, Tiffany, Siderius, Marco, Sterk, Geert Jan, Brown, David G., Leurs, Rob, Zheng, Yang, Schroeder, Susanne, Kanev, Georgi K., Botros, Sanaa S., William, Samia, Sabra, Abdel-Nasser A., Maes, Louis, Caljon, Guy, Gil, Carmen, Martinez, Ana, Salado, Irene G., Augustyns, Koen, Edink, Ewald, Sijm, Maarten, de Heuvel, Erik, de Esch, Iwan J. P., van der Meer, Tiffany, Siderius, Marco, Sterk, Geert Jan, Brown, David G., and Leurs, Rob

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with high morbidity. Recently, the Schistosoma mansoni phosphodiesterase SmPDE4A was suggested as a putative new drug target. To support SmPDE4A targeted drug discovery, we cloned, isolated, and biochemically characterized the full-length and catalytic domains of SmPDE4A. The enzymatically active catalytic domain was crystallized in the apo-form (PDB code: 6FG5) and in the cAMP- and AMP-bound states (PDB code: 6EZU). The SmPDE4A catalytic domain resembles human PDE4 more than parasite PDEs because it lacks the parasite PDE-specific P-pocket. Purified SmPDE4A proteins (full-length and catalytic domain) were used to profile an in-house library of PDE inhibitors (PDE4NPD toolbox). This screening identified tetrahydrophthalazinones and benzamides as potential hits. The PDE inhibitor NPD-0001 was the most active tetrahydrophthalazinone, whereas the approved human PDE4 inhibitors roflumilast and piclamilast were the most potent benzamides. As a follow-up, 83 benzamide analogs were prepared, but the inhibitory potency of the initial hits was not improved. Finally, NPD-0001 and roflumilast were evaluated in an in vitro anti-S. mansoni assay. Unfortunately, both SmPDE4A inhibitors were not effective in worm killing and only weakly affected the egg-laying at high micromolar concentrations. Consequently, the results with these SmPDE4A inhibitors strongly suggest that SmPDE4A is not a suitable target for anti-schistosomiasis therapy.

Published
2023

13. To Target or Not to Target Schistosoma mansoni Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 4A?

Author

European Commission, China Scholarship Council, Zheng, Yang, Schroeder, Susanne, Kanev, Georgi K., Botros, Sanaa S., William, Samia, Sabra, Abdel-Nasser A., Maes, Louis, Caljon, Guy, Gil, Carmen, Martínez Gil, Ana, Salado, Irene G., Augustyns, Koen, Edink, Ewald, Sijm, Maarten, Heuvel, Erik de, Esch, Iwan J. P. de, Meer, Tiffany van der, Siderius, Marco, Sterk, Geert Jan, Brown, David, Leurs, Rob, European Commission, China Scholarship Council, Zheng, Yang, Schroeder, Susanne, Kanev, Georgi K., Botros, Sanaa S., William, Samia, Sabra, Abdel-Nasser A., Maes, Louis, Caljon, Guy, Gil, Carmen, Martínez Gil, Ana, Salado, Irene G., Augustyns, Koen, Edink, Ewald, Sijm, Maarten, Heuvel, Erik de, Esch, Iwan J. P. de, Meer, Tiffany van der, Siderius, Marco, Sterk, Geert Jan, Brown, David, and Leurs, Rob

Abstract

Schistosomiasis is a neglected tropical disease with high morbidity. Recently, the Schistosoma mansoni phosphodiesterase SmPDE4A was suggested as a putative new drug target. To support SmPDE4A targeted drug discovery, we cloned, isolated, and biochemically characterized the full-length and catalytic domains of SmPDE4A. The enzymatically active catalytic domain was crystallized in the apo-form (PDB code: 6FG5) and in the cAMP- and AMP-bound states (PDB code: 6EZU). The SmPDE4A catalytic domain resembles human PDE4 more than parasite PDEs because it lacks the parasite PDE-specific P-pocket. Purified SmPDE4A proteins (full-length and catalytic domain) were used to profile an in-house library of PDE inhibitors (PDE4NPD toolbox). This screening identified tetrahydrophthalazinones and benzamides as potential hits. The PDE inhibitor NPD-0001 was the most active tetrahydrophthalazinone, whereas the approved human PDE4 inhibitors roflumilast and piclamilast were the most potent benzamides. As a follow-up, 83 benzamide analogs were prepared, but the inhibitory potency of the initial hits was not improved. Finally, NPD-0001 and roflumilast were evaluated in an in vitro anti-S. mansoni assay. Unfortunately, both SmPDE4A inhibitors were not effective in worm killing and only weakly affected the egg-laying at high micromolar concentrations. Consequently, the results with these SmPDE4A inhibitors strongly suggest that SmPDE4A is not a suitable target for anti-schistosomiasis therapy.

Published
2023

14. To Target or Not to Target Schistosoma mansoni Cyclic Nucleotide Phosphodiesterase 4A?

Author

Zheng, Yang, primary, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Kanev, Georgi K., additional, Botros, Sanaa S., additional, William, Samia, additional, Sabra, Abdel-Nasser A., additional, Maes, Louis, additional, Caljon, Guy, additional, Gil, Carmen, additional, Martinez, Ana, additional, Salado, Irene G., additional, Augustyns, Koen, additional, Edink, Ewald, additional, Sijm, Maarten, additional, de Heuvel, Erik, additional, de Esch, Iwan J. P., additional, van der Meer, Tiffany, additional, Siderius, Marco, additional, Sterk, Geert Jan, additional, Brown, David, additional, and Leurs, Rob, additional

Published
2023
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15. Measurements of sound propagation in Mars' lower atmosphere

Author

Chide, Baptiste, Jacob, Xavier, Petculescu, Andi, Lorenz, Ralph D., Maurice, Sylvestre, Seel, Fabian, Schröder, Susanne, Wiens, Roger C., Gillier, Martin, Murdoch, Naomi, Lanza, Nina L., Bertrand, Tanguy, Leighton, Timothy G., Joseph, Phillip, Pilleri, Paolo, Mimoun, David, Stott, Alexander, de la Torre Juarez, Manuel, Hueso, Ricardo, Munguira, Asier, Sánchez-Lavega, Agustin, Martinez, German, Larmat, Carène, Lasue, Jérémie, Newman, Claire, Pla-Garcia, Jorge, Bernardi, Pernelle, Harri, Ari-Matti, Genzer, Maria, and Lepinette, Alain

Published
2023
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16. OVERVIEW OF THE BEDROCK GEOCHEMISTRY AND MINERALOGY OBSERVED BY SUPERCAM DURING PERSEVERANCE'S DELTA FRONT CAMPAIGN

Author

Dehouck, Erwin, Forni, Olivier, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, Beck, Pierre, Mangold, Nicolas, Royer, Clément, Clavé, Elise, Beyssac, Olivier, Johnson, Jeffrey, Mandon, Lucia, Poulet, François, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, Caravaca, Gwénaël, Kalucha, Hemani, Gibbons, Erin, Dromart, Gilles, Gasda, Patrick, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Schroeder, Susanne, Udry, Arya, Anderson, Ryan B., Clegg, Samuel, Cousin, Agnès, Gabriel, Travis, Lasue, Jérémie, Fouchet, Thierry, Pilleri, Paolo, Pilorget, Cédric, Hurowitz, Joel, Núñez, Jorge, Williams, Amy, Russell, Patrick, Simon, Justin I., Maurice, Sylvestre, Wiens, Roger, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de recherche en astrophysique et planétologie (IRAP), Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France -Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Météo-France, Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géosciences [UMR_C 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Nantes université - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (Nantes univ - UFR ST), Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université - pôle Sciences et technologie, Nantes Université (Nantes Univ)-Nantes Université (Nantes Univ), Department of Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences, Purdue University, Centre d'Etudes Lasers Intenses et Applications (CELIA), Université de Bordeaux (UB)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de minéralogie, de physique des matériaux et de cosmochimie (IMPMC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR206-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), Division of Geological and Planetary Sciences [Pasadena], California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Institut d'astrophysique spatiale (IAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), McGill University = Université McGill [Montréal, Canada], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt [Berlin] (DLR), University of Nevada [Las Vegas] (WGU Nevada), US Geological Survey [Flagstaff], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), United States Geological Survey (USGS), Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique = Laboratory of Space Studies and Instrumentation in Astrophysics (LESIA), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Cité (UPCité), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Department of Geological Sciences [Gainesville] (UF|Geological), University of Florida [Gainesville] (UF), Department of Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences [Los Angeles] (EPSS), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), NASA Johnson Space Center (JSC), NASA, and Lunar and Planetary Institute

Subjects
jezero crater, [SDU.STU.PL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Planetology, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, Mars 2020, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, mars, delta front, geochemistry
Abstract

International audience; In February 2021, the Perseverance rover landed in Jezero crater, Mars. The crater floor was found to be composed of lava flows and cumulate rocks [1-5]. These magmatic rocks appear to have undergone some limited aqueous alteration; however, it is not clear whether this alteration is related to the lacustrine phase of the crater [1,3,6,7].After completing its exploration of the crater floor, Perseverance reached the foot of the Jezero western fan in late April 2022 (sol ~422). Long-distance images acquired earlier in the mission had already confirmed the deltaic nature of the fan [8], which had long been suspected from orbital observations [9,10]. Between April and December 2022, Perseverance investigated the basal layers of the delta at two locations named Hawksbill Gap and Cape Nukshak, which are ~400 m apart [11]. Here, we present an overview of the geo-chemistry and mineralogy of the delta rocks as observed by SuperCam, and show that these rocks record a diver-sity of past aqueous alteration environments.

Published
2023

17. Geochemistry and Mineralogy of Ancient Sedimentary Rocks Analyzed by the SuperCam Instrument in the Jezero Delta, Mars

Author

Dehouck, Erwin, primary, Forni, Olivier, additional, Quantin-Nataf, Cathy, additional, Beck, Pierre, additional, Mangold, Nicolas, additional, Royer, Clément, additional, Clavé, Elise, additional, Beyssac, Olivier, additional, Johnson, Jeffrey, additional, Mandon, Lucia, additional, Poulet, Francois, additional, Le Mouélic, Stéphane, additional, Caravaca, Gwénaël, additional, Kalucha, Hemani, additional, Gibbons, Erin, additional, Dromart, Gilles, additional, Gasda, Patrick, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Williams, Amy, additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Udry, Arya, additional, Anderson, Ryan, additional, Clegg, Sam, additional, Cousin, Agnes, additional, Gabriel, Travis, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Fouchet, Thierry, additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Pilorget, Cédric, additional, Hurowitz, Joel, additional, Núñez, Jorge, additional, Russell, Patrick, additional, Simon, Justin, additional, Maurice, Sylvestre, additional, and Wiens, Roger, additional

Published
2023
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20. In situ science on Phobos by the Raman spectrometer RAX on board the MMX rover

Author

Prieto-Ballesteros, Olga, primary, Böttger, Ute, additional, Cho, Yuichiro, additional, Huebers, Heinz-Wilhelm, additional, Rull, Fernando, additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Belenguer, Tomás, additional, Benito, Marina, additional, Börner, Anko, additional, Buder, Maximilian, additional, Bunduki, Yuri, additional, Dietz, Enrico, additional, Hagelschuer, Till, additional, Kameda, Shingo, additional, Kopp, Emanuel, additional, Lopez-Reyes, Guillermo, additional, Moral Inza, Andoni G., additional, Mori, Shoki, additional, Perez Canora, Carlos, additional, Pertenais, Martin, additional, Peter, Gisbert, additional, Rockstein, Steve, additional, Rodd-Routley, Selene, additional, Rodriguez Perez, Pablo, additional, Ryan, Conor, additional, Santamaria, Pilar, additional, Säuberlich, Thomas, additional, Schrandt, Friedrich, additional, Ulamec, Stephan, additional, Usui, Tomohiro, additional, Weber, Iris, additional, and Westerdorff, Karsten, additional

Published
2022
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26. First Sounds from Mars

Author

Maurice, sylvestre, primary, Chide, Baptiste, additional, Murdoch, Naomi, additional, Lorenz, Ralph, additional, Mimoun, David, additional, Wiens, Roger, additional, Stott, Alexander, additional, Jacob, Xavier, additional, Bertrand, Tanguy, additional, Montmessin, Franck, additional, Lanza, Nina, additional, Llamas, Cesar Alvarez, additional, Angel, S. M., additional, Aung, M., additional, Balaram, J., additional, Beyssac, Olivier, additional, Cousin, Agnès, additional, Delory, Greg, additional, Forni, Olivier, additional, Fouchet, Thierry, additional, Gasnault, Olivier, additional, Grip, Havard, additional, hecht, Mike, additional, Hoffman, Jeff, additional, Laserna, Javier, additional, Lasue, Jérémie, additional, Maki, Justin, additional, McClean, John, additional, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, additional, Mouélic, Stéphane Le, additional, Munguira, Asier, additional, Newman, Claire, additional, Rodriguez-Manfredi, Jose, additional, Moros, Javier, additional, Pilleri, Paolo, additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Torre, Manuel de la, additional, Ollila, Ann, additional, Tzanetos, Thoedore, additional, Farley, Ken, additional, Stack, Kathryn, additional, and Williford, Ken, additional

Published
2021
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30. The SuperCam Instrument Suite on the NASA Mars 2020 Rover: Body Unit and Combined System Tests

Author

Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, Duran, George M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, José Antonio, Martínez, J. P., Martínez Frías, Jesús, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Peterson, C. Glen, Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroeder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobrón, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andrés, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, Willis, Peter, Química analítica, Kimika analitikoa, Wiens, Roger C., Maurice, Sylvestre, Robinson, Scott H., Nelson, Anthony E., Cais, Philippe, Bernardi, Pernelle, Newell, Raymond T., Clegg, Sam, Sharma, Shiv K., Storms, Steven, Deming, Jonathan, Beckman, Darrel, Ollila, Ann M., Gasnault, Olivier, Anderson, Ryan B., Andre, Yves, Michael Angel, S., Arana Momoitio, Gorka, Auden, Elizabeth, Beck, Pierre, Becker, Joseph, Benzerara, Karim, Bernard, Sylvain, Beyssac, Olivier, Borges, Louis, Bousquet, Bruno, Boyd, Kerry, Caffrey, Michael, Carlson, Jeffrey, Castro Ortiz de Pinedo, Kepa, Celis, Jorden, Chide, Baptiste, Clark, Kevin, Cloutis, Edward, Cordoba, Elizabeth C., Cousin, Agnes, Dale, Magdalena, Deflores, Lauren, Delapp, Dorothea, Deleuze, Muriel, Dirmyer, Matthew, Donny, Christophe, Dromart, Gilles, Duran, George M., Egan, Miles, Ervin, Joan, Fabre, Cecile, Fau, Amaury, Fischer, Woodward, Forni, Olivie, Fouchet, Thierry, Fresquez, Reuben, Frydenvang, Jens, Gasway, Denine, Gontijo, Ivair, Grotzinger, John, Jacob, Xavier, Jacquinod, Sophie, Johnson, Jeffrey R., Klisiewicz, Roberta A., Lake, James, Lanza, Nina, Laserna, Javier, Lasue, Jeremie, Le Mouelic, Stephane, Legett, Carey, Leveille, Richard, Lewin, Eric, López Reyes, Guillermo, Lorenz, Ralph, Lorigny, Eric, Love, Steven P., Lucero, Briana, Madariaga Mota, Juan Manuel, Madsen, Morten, Madsen, Soren, Mangold, Nicolas, Manrique, José Antonio, Martínez, J. P., Martínez Frías, Jesús, McCabe, Kevin P., McConnochie, Timothy H., McGlown, Justin M., McLennan, Scott M., Melikechi, Noureddine, Meslin, Pierre-Yves, Michel, John M., Mimoun, David, Misra, Anupam, Montagnac, Gilles, Montmessin, Franck, Mousset, Valerie, Murdoch, Naomi, Newsom, Horton, Ott, Logan A., Ousnamer, Zachary R., Pares, Laurent, Parot, Yann, Pawluczyk, Rafal, Peterson, C. Glen, Pilleri, Paolo, Pinet, Patrick, Pont, Gabriel, Poulet, Francois, Provost, Cheryl, Quertier, Benjamin, Quinn, Heather, Rapin, William, Reess, Jean-Michel, Regan, Amy H., Reyes Newell, Adriana L., Romano, Philip J., Royer, Clement, Rull, Fernando, Sandoval, Benigno, Sarrao, Joseph H., Sautter, Violaine, Schoppers, Marcel J., Schroeder, Susanne, Seitz, Daniel, Shepherd, Terra, Sobrón, Pablo, Dubois, Bruno, Sridhar, Vishnu, Toplis, Michael J., Torre Fernández, Imanol, Trettel, Ian A., Underwood, Mark, Valdez, Andrés, Valdez, Jacob, Venhaus, Dawn, and Willis, Peter

Abstract

The SuperCam instrument suite provides theMars 2020 rover, Perseverance, with a number of versatile remote-sensing techniques that can be used at long distance as well as within the robotic-arm workspace. These include laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy (LIBS), remote time-resolved Raman and luminescence spectroscopies, and visible and infrared (VISIR; separately referred to as VIS and IR) reflectance spectroscopy. A remote micro-imager (RMI) provides high-resolution color context imaging, and a microphone can be used as a stand-alone tool for environmental studies or to determine physical properties of rocks and soils from shock waves of laser-produced plasmas. SuperCam is built in three parts: The mast unit (MU), consisting of the laser, telescope, RMI, IR spectrometer, and associated electronics, is described in a companion paper. The on-board calibration targets are described in another companion paper. Here we describe SuperCam's body unit (BU) and testing of the integrated instrument. The BU, mounted inside the rover body, receives light from the MU via a 5.8 m optical fiber. The light is split into three wavelength bands by a demultiplexer, and is routed via fiber bundles to three optical spectrometers, two of which (UV and violet; 245-340 and 385-465 nm) are crossed Czerny-Turner reflection spectrometers, nearly identical to their counterparts on ChemCam. The third is a high-efficiency transmission spectrometer containing an optical intensifier capable of gating exposures to 100 ns or longer, with variable delay times relative to the laser pulse. This spectrometer covers 535-853 nm (105-7070 cm-1 Raman shift relative to the 532 nm green laser beam) with 12 cm-1 full-width at half-maximum peak resolution in the Raman fingerprint region. The BU electronics boards interface with the rover and control the instrument, returning data to the rover. Thermal systems maintain a warm temperature during cruise to Mars to avoid contamination on the optics, and cool the

Published
2021

33. Cloning and functional complementation of ten Schistosoma mansoni phosphodiesterases expressed in the mammalian host stages

Author

Munday, Jane C., primary, Kunz, Stefan, additional, Kalejaiye, Titilola D., additional, Siderius, Marco, additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Paape, Daniel, additional, Alghamdi, Ali H., additional, Abbasi, Zainab, additional, Huang, Sheng Xiang, additional, Donachie, Anne-Marie, additional, William, Samia, additional, Sabra, Abdel Nasser, additional, Sterk, Geert Jan, additional, Botros, Sanaa S., additional, Brown, David G., additional, Hoffman, Charles S., additional, Leurs, Rob, additional, and de Koning, Harry P., additional

Published
2020
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37. Construction of Fluorescent Analogs to Follow the Uptake and Distribution of Cobalamin (Vitamin B 12 ) in Bacteria, Worms, and Plants

Author

Lawrence, Andrew D., Nemoto-Smith, Emi H, Deery, Evelyne, Baker, Joseph A., Schroeder, Susanne, Brown, David G., Tullet, Jennifer M.A., Howard, Mark J., Brown, Ian R., Smith, Alison G., Boshoff, Helena I., Barry, Clifton E., and Warren, Martin J.

Subjects
hemic and lymphatic diseases
Abstract

Vitamin B12 is made by only certain prokaryotes yet is required by a number of eukaryotes such as mammals, fish, birds, worms and Protista, including algae. There is still much to learn about how this nutrient is trafficked across the domains of life. Herein, we describe ways to make a number of different corrin analogues with fluorescent groups attached to the main tetrapyrrole-derived ring. A further range of analogues were also constructed by attaching similar fluorescent groups to the ribose ring of cobalamin, thereby generating a range of complete and incomplete corrinoids to follow uptake in bacteria, worms and plants. By using these fluorescent derivatives we were able to demonstrate that Mycobacterium tuberculosis is able to acquire both cobyric acid and cobalamin analogues, that Caenorhabditis elegans takes up only the complete corrinoid, and that seedlings of higher plants such as Lepidium sativum are also able to transport B12.

Published
2018

38. Discovery of novel Schistosoma mansoni PDE4A inhibitors as potential agents against schistosomiasis

Author

Sebastián-Pérez, Víctor, primary, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Munday, Jane C, additional, van der Meer, Tiffany, additional, Zaldívar-Díez, Josefa, additional, Siderius, Marco, additional, de Koning, Harry P, additional, Brown, Dave, additional, Martínez, Ana, additional, Campillo, Nuria E, additional, Leurs, Rob, additional, and Gil, Carmen, additional

Published
2019
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39. Phenyldihydropyrazolones as Novel Lead Compounds Against Trypanosoma cruzi

Author

Sijm, Maarten, primary, Siciliano de Araújo, Julianna, additional, Kunz, Stefan, additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Edink, Ewald, additional, Orrling, Kristina M., additional, Matheeussen, An, additional, van de Meer, Tiffany, additional, Sadek, Payman, additional, Custers, Hans, additional, Cotillo, Ignacio, additional, Martin, Julio J., additional, Siderius, Marco, additional, Maes, Louis, additional, Brown, David G., additional, de Nazaré Correia Soeiro, Maria, additional, Sterk, GeertJan, additional, de Esch, Iwan J.P., additional, and Leurs, Rob, additional

Published
2019
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41. Construction of Fluorescent Analogs to Follow the Uptake and Distribution of Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) in Bacteria, Worms, and Plants

Author

Lawrence, Andrew D., primary, Nemoto-Smith, Emi, additional, Deery, Evelyne, additional, Baker, Joseph A., additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Brown, David G., additional, Tullet, Jennifer M.A., additional, Howard, Mark J., additional, Brown, Ian R., additional, Smith, Alison G., additional, Boshoff, Helena I., additional, Barry, Clifton E., additional, and Warren, Martin J., additional

Published
2018
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42. Adressen

Author

Machleidt, Wielant, Kluge, Ulrike, Sieberer, Marcel G., Heinz, Andreas, Agorastos, Agorastos, Aichberger, Marion C., Aichinger, Carina, Assion, Hans-Jörg, Bajbouj, Malek, Basu, Helene, Behrens, Katharina, Bragado, Isaac Bermejo, Boos-Nünning, Ursula, Borde, Theda, Bottlender, Ronald, Brähler, Elmar, Bulla, Jan, Burian, Ronald, David, Matthias, Deery, Claire, Deffner, Teresa-Marie, Demiralay, Cüneyt, Diefenbacher, Albert, Elbert, Thomas, Englisch, Monika, Eppenstein, Thomas, Erim, Yesim, Foroutan, Naika, Gies-Powroznik, Natalie, Glaesmer, Heide, Graef-Calliess, Iris Tatjana, Gün, Ali Kemal, Gutwinski, Stefan, Haenel, Ferdinand, Hahn, Eric, Härter, Martin, Heise, Thomas, Hoffmann, Klaus, Huemer, Julia, Karakayali, Serhat, Kiesel, Doron, Kizilhan, Jan Ilhan, Koch, Eckhardt, Koussemou, Jose Marie, Krauth, Christian, Küchenhoff, Bernhard, Kutalek, Ruth, Leidinger, Friedrich, von Lersner, Ulrike, Leuzinger-Bohleber, Marianne, Lindert, Jutta, Martius, Philipp A., Mascarell-Maricic, Lea, Missmahl, Inge, Morawa, Eva, Morgenroth, Christine, Möckel, Martin, Mösko, Mike, Müller, Daniel J., Negt, Oskar, Neuner, Frank, Oestereich, Cornelia, Ohls, Isgard, Passie, Torsten, Penka, Simone, Plag, Jens, Priebe, Stefan, Prinz, Armin, Rapp, Michael A., Reinbold, Hartmut, Salman, Ramazan, Schammann, Hannes, Schauer, Maggie, Schepker, Renate, Schouler-Ocak, Meryam, Schröder, Susanne, Seidel, Ralf, Sieben, Anna, Siefen, Rainer G., Stamm, Thomas, Stöckigt, Barbara, Stompe, Thomas, Straub, Jürgen, Ströhle, Andreas, Sutej, Igor, Ta, Thi Minh Tam, Trenker, Madlen, Vogel, Dita, Vogelgesang, Waldemar, Völkl-Kernstock, Sabine, Walter, Ulla, Yanık-Şenay, Aylin, Zentner, Katarzyna, and Zielke-Nadkarni, Andrea

Published
2018
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43. Limited Effects of an eIF2 alpha(S51A) Allele on Neurological Impairments in the 5xFAD Mouse Model of Alzheimer's Disease

Author

Paesler, Katharina, Xie, Kan, Hettich, Moritz M., Siwek, Magdalena E., Ryan, Devon P., Schroeder, Susanne, Papazoglou, Anna, Broich, Karl, Mueller, Ralf, Trog, Astrid, Garthe, Alexander, Kempermann, Gerd, Weiergraeber, Marco, Ehninger, Dan, Paesler, Katharina, Xie, Kan, Hettich, Moritz M., Siwek, Magdalena E., Ryan, Devon P., Schroeder, Susanne, Papazoglou, Anna, Broich, Karl, Mueller, Ralf, Trog, Astrid, Garthe, Alexander, Kempermann, Gerd, Weiergraeber, Marco, and Ehninger, Dan

Abstract

Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been associated with increased phosphorylation of the translation initiation factor 2 alpha (eIF2 alpha) at serine 51. Increased phosphorylation of eIF2.. alters translational control and may thereby have adverse effects on synaptic plasticity, learning, and memory. To analyze if increased levels of p-eIF2 alpha indeed promote AD-related neurocognitive impairments, we crossed 5xFAD transgenic mice with an eIF2 alpha(S51A) knock-in line that expresses the nonphosphorylatable eIF2 alpha variant eIF2 alpha(S51A). Behavioral assessment of the resulting mice revealed motor and cognitive deficits in 5xFAD mice that were, with the possible exception of locomotor hyperactivity, not restored by the eIF2 alpha(S51A) allele. Telemetric intracranial EEG recordings revealed no measurable effects of the eIF2 alpha(S51A) allele on 5xFAD-associated epileptic activity. Microarray-based transcriptome analyses showed clear transcriptional alterations in 5xFAD hippocampus that were not corrected by the eIF2 alpha(S51A) allele. In contrast to prior studies, our immunoblot analyses did not reveal increased levels of p-eIF2 alpha in the hippocampus of 5xFAD mice, suggesting that elevated p-eIF2 alpha levels are not a universal feature of AD models. Collectively, our data indicate that 5xFAD-related pathologies do not necessarily require hyperphosphorylation of eIF2 alpha to emerge; they also show that heterozygosity for the nonphosphorylatable eIF2 alpha(S51A) allele has limited effects on 5xFAD-related disease manifestations.

Published
2015

45. Anmäler jag så är det mitt namn och då känner jag mig obehaglig till mods : En studie om förskolepersonals upplevelser kring anmälningsplikten gällande barn som far illa

Author

Schroeder, Susanne and Hedeblad, Jeanette

Subjects
social services, preeschool personnel experiences, barn som far illa, förskolepersonal, anmälningsplikt, child maltreatment
Abstract

The purpose of this study is to investigate preschool personnel experiences concerning their obligation to report existing and suspicions of child maltreatment. This is a qualitative study based on in-depth interviews that can provide a good understanding of the subject and of the informants’ views. The theoretical starting points we used were the communication theory, Kelly’s personality theory and the role theory. We carried out eight interviews with pre-school personnel who work in four different counties in Sweden. The interviews lasted between 45 to 60 minutes. The result from our study shows that the pre-school personnel have a positive view upon their obligation to report child maltreatment. In contradiction to this, the result also shows that there is a fear and concern about making a report. The main reasons for not reporting, is the relationship with the preschool children’s parents, lack of knowledge to identify the children who suffer the abuse, previous bad experiences from the social services and poor feedback from the social services.

Published
2009

48. 'Lachen ist gesund?' - eine volkstümliche und medizinische Binsenwahrheit im Spiegel der Philosophie

Author

Schroeder, Susanne

Subjects
100 Philosophie und Psychologie::100 Philosophie::100 Philosophie und Psychologie, Lachen Hypochondrie Moderne Medizin
Abstract

Titelblatt 0. Einleitung 1 1. "Lachen ist gesund?" - eine Präsentation gegenwärtiger Untersuchungsansätze zur Nutzbarmachung des Lachens 3 1.1. Krankenhaustherapie 3 1.2. Humor in der psychotherapeutischen Praxis 4 1.3. Der gegenwärtige Stand der wissenschaftlichen Forschung: Messen und Zählen 6 1.4. Zusammenfassende Betrachtung 16 2. Das Lachen und die Philosophie - Historischer Überblick der wesentlichen Positionen 19 2.1. Vor allem: Lachen in Mythos und Religion 19 2.2. Platon und die gefährliche Lust im Lachen/TD> 24 2.3. Aristoteles' gemäßigtes Lachen 27 2.4. Hellenismus: Steuerung des Lachens und Kampf um Würde 29 2.5. Die Vereinnahmung des Lachens in mittelalterlichen Traditionen 30 2.6. Lachen in England - degradierend oder kontrastierend 31 2.7. Lachen in Deutschland 33 2.8. Der letzte Stand der Dinge: Lachen im 20. Jahrhundert 37 2.9. Zusammenfassung 38 3. Krämpfe und Kämpfe um die Mitte - Bedeutungsverschiebungen in der Geschichte des Zwerchfells 41 3.1. Zusammenfassung 51 4. Die Philosophie und das Lachen im Dialog mit der Medizin 54 4.1. Exkurs: Panorama der Barockmedizin 54 4.1.1. Henricus Regius: "De Affectibus animi" (1650) 62 4.1.2. Zusammenfassung 66 4.2. Descartes - Lachen als mechanisch fundierter Selbstbezug 67 4.2.1. Lachen als körperliches Phänomen 67 4.2.2. Zwischenergebnis 71 4.2.3. Lachen als Ausdruck eines Affekts 71 4.2.4. Die Frage der Verbindung von Physiologie und Affektivität des Lachens 73 4.2.5. Zusammenfassung 76 4.3. Exkurs: Panorama der Aufklärungsmedizin 80 4.3.1. Albrecht von Hallers Lehre von der Irritabilität und Sensibilität 80 4.3.2. Georg Ernst Stahls "Animismus" 81 4.3.3. Der Irritabilitätsdynamismus von John Brown (1735-1788) 83 4.3.4. Die medizinhistorische Bedeutung der Affekte im Aufschein der Aufklärung 86 4.3.5. Zusammenfassung 88 4.4. Kant - Lachen als diätetischer Tipp 90 4.4.1. Lachen als verdauungsförderndes Phänomen 90 4.4.2. Lachen als Ausdruck eines Affekts im Spannungsfeld von Sthenie und Asthenie 96 4.4.3. Der Witz als Anlaß des Lachens: Kontrast und Abfuhr 101 4.4.4. Zusammenfassung 104 4.5. Novalis - Lachen als hypochondrische Kur 107 4.5.1. Lachen als Erscheinung von Elektrizität 111 4.5.2. Der willkürliche Lachkrampf als Heilmittel 119 4.5.3. Zusammenfassung 124 4.6. Schopenhauer - Lachen als Reflex 126 4.6.1. Zur naturwissenschaftlichen Kompetenz Schopenhauers 126 4.6.2. Lachen als Reflex 129 4.6.3. Der Lachreflex und das Denken 137 4.6.4. Das Lachen als Bewegung der Selbsterhaltung 140 4.6.5. Zusammenfassung 141 4.7. Freud - Lachen als Spareffekt 143 4.7.1. Zum Entstehungshintergrund von Freuds Abhandlung über den Witz 143 4.7.2. Die Mechanismen des Lachens - Lust und Abfuhr 145 4.7.3. Exkurs: Herbert Spencer - The Physiologie of Laughter 147 4.7.4. Zwischenergebnis 150 4.7.5. Noch einmal Elektrizität - Lachen im Spannungsfeld von besetzender Erregung und abführender Befreiung 151 4.7.6. Lachen als ökonomische Entladung 159 4.7.7. Zusammenfassung 161 5. Schlußbetrachtung: Alles moderne Fragen nach dem Lachen ist hypochondrisch 163 Literaturverzeichnis 174, Das Lachen wird landläufig als Ausdruck allgemeinen Wohlgefühls und Glücks verstanden und begrüßt. Dabei stehen meist psychologische oder soziologische Erwägungen im Vordergrund. Die vorliegende Arbeit beschäftigt sich mit der Frage, ob das Lachen wirklich gesund ist. Anlaß zu dieser Frage waren die in letzter Zeit sich häufenden Medienberichterstattungen über Strategien, das Lachen auf einer breiten medizinischen Ebene als Medikament einsetzen zu wollen. Die im 1. Kapitel genauer dargestellten Therapieansätze und Untersuchungsergebnisse zeigen, daß die Binsenwahrheit "Lachen ist gesund" weder medizinisch-biologisch abgesichert noch soziologisch-psychologisch einleuchtend diagnostiziert bzw. therapeutisch belegt ist. Aufgrund der festzustellenden Ungenauigkeiten und Unsicherheiten hinsichtlich einer genaueren Bestimmung dessen, was je unter "Lachen" oder "Humor" verstanden wird, soll im 2. Kapitel die Philosophiegeschichte befragt werden. Dabei wird deutlich, daß die klassischen Positionen sich dem Lachen gegenüber eher kritisch verhalten und von einer Empfehlung des Lachens keine Rede sein kann. Das 3. Kapitel beschäftigt sich mit der körperlichen Grundlage des Lachens - dem Zwerchfell und seiner Deutungsgeschichte. Im 4. Kapitel wird das Überschneidungsfeld von Philosophie und Medizin anhand einschlägiger Texte von Descartes, Kant, Novalis, Schopenhauer und Freud geprüft. Dabei zeigt sich, daß alle moderne philosophisch-physiologische Beschäftigung mit dem Lachen den gleichen Problemkomplex zur Grundlage hat: das Spannungsfeld von Melancholie und Hypochondrie. Descartes erarbeitet sein Konzept des Lachens als mechanisch fundiertem Selbstbezug vor dem Hintergrund einer vergeblichen Suche nach der ominösen "schwarzen Galle" der Melancholie; Kant und Novalis waren bekennende Hypochonder, Schopenhauer begleitet die Erbschaft der Hypochondrie in der Rückenmarkanalyse und Freud leitet die somatische Erregungsenergie des Lachens aus der Neurose ab. Das 5. Kapitel belegt, daß die Frage nach dem Lachen, vor allem die hoffnungsvolle Formulierung "Lachen ist gesund", sich als hypochondrisch begründet erweist; sie hat ihre Wurzeln im urmelancholischen Zweifeln und Hadern mit den Lebensumständen., "Laughter is the Best Medicine" ? A Popular and Medical Truism in the Light of Philosophy Laughter is commonly understood and accepted to be the expression of general well-being and happiness. The background are psychological and sociological considerations. This study examines the question whether laughter is actually the best medicine. The reason for this question was the recent spate of reports in the media about strategies to use laughter as a medicament at all medical levels. In Chapter 1, the review of therapeutic approaches and research findings will show that the truism "laughter is the best medicine" did neither get medicinal- biological support nor plausible socio- psychological diagnosis or therapy. As there are inaccuracies and uncertainties about the exact definition of what is "laughter" and what is "humour", Chapter 2 will consult the history of philosophy. This will show that classical positions are rather critical towards laughter and recommending it is out of the question. Chapter 3 deals with the physical basis of laughter ? the diaphragm and the history of its interpretation. Chapter 4 reviews the overlapping area of philosophy and medicine in the relevant texts of Descartes, Kant, Novalis, Schopenhauer and Freud. This will show that any modern philosophical-physiological study of laughter is concerned with the same issue: the field of melancholia and hypochondria. Descartes elaborates his concept of laughter as a mechanically founded self-reflex on the background of the futile search for the elusive "black gall" of melancholia; Kant and Novalis were confessed hypochondriacs; Schopenhauer follows the legacy of hypochondria in the analyses of the spinal marrow, and Freud deduces the somatic stimulus energy of laughter from neurosis. Chapter 5 will prove that the question of what is laughter, mainly its hopeful wording "Laughter is the best medicine" is based on hypochondria; it has its roots in primal melancholic doubt and quarrel with living conditions.

Published
2002

49. In-vivo and ex-vivo characterization of laser-induced choroidal neovascularization variability in mice

Author

Hoerster, Robert, Muether, Philipp S., Vierkotten, Sarah, Schroeder, Susanne, Kirchhof, Bernd, Fauser, Sascha, Hoerster, Robert, Muether, Philipp S., Vierkotten, Sarah, Schroeder, Susanne, Kirchhof, Bernd, and Fauser, Sascha

Abstract

Background Retinal argon laser coagulation is an established procedure for induction of choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in rodents. This study aimed to evaluate the in-vivo and ex-vivo morphology and variability of laser-induced CNV spots over time. Methods Female C57/Bl/6 mice, 3-6 months of age, were treated with five spots of retinal argon laser coagulation per eye (150 mW, 100 ms, 50 mu m). In-vivo fluorescein angiography (FA) and standard high-resolution spectral-domain optical coherence tomography (SD-OCT) were performed on day (d) 0, d1, d4, d7, d14 and d21. Ex-vivo histology, CD31 immunostaining, flatmount and confocal microscopy were also conducted. CNV size in the retinal and choroidal focus, CNV morphology, central retinal thickness (CRT) and FA CNV activity grading were assessed in-vivo at all times and compared to the ex-vivo assessments. Results SD-OCT revealed sub-retinal and intra-retinal fluid, and permitted evaluation of longitudinal morphologic changes of the induced CNV. Laser spot area in FA and CRT in SD-OCT did not differ in longitudinal evaluation. CNV could not be consistently outlined on SD-OCT images, and CNV volume as assessed on SD-OCT did not change over time. Significant CNV activity changes were only found in FA CNV activity grading, peaking on d4 and decreasing by d7. Conclusions Non-invasive SD-OCT provides additional morphological information on laser-induced CNV. However, reliable evaluation of CNV requires FA. Spontaneous regression of CNV activity within 14 days after induction has to be taken into account when utilizing this model for testing the efficacies of potential future treatments.

Published
2012

50. In Vitro and In Vivo Antibacterial Evaluation of Cadazolid, a New Antibiotic for Treatment of Clostridium difficile Infections

Author

Locher, Hans H., primary, Seiler, Peter, additional, Chen, Xinhua, additional, Schroeder, Susanne, additional, Pfaff, Philippe, additional, Enderlin, Michel, additional, Klenk, Axel, additional, Fournier, Elvire, additional, Hubschwerlen, Christian, additional, Ritz, Daniel, additional, Kelly, Ciaran P., additional, and Keck, Wolfgang, additional

Published
2014
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