Search

Bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) is a recently approved single-tablet antiretroviral regimen and is recommended as a first-line agent. No cases of gynecomastia were reported in clinical trials. We report development of ultrasound-confirmed gynecomastia in a previously antiretroviral-naïve patient approximately two months after starting BIC/FTC/TAF, which resolved ten weeks after discontinuing bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (BIC/FTC/TAF) based therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We describe an ultrasensitive pump-probe spectrometer for transient absorption measurements in the gas phase and in solution. The tunable UV pump and the visible (450–740 nm) probe pulses are generated by two independently tunable noncollinear optical parametric amplifiers, providing a temporal resolution of 20 fs. A homebuilt low gain photodetector is used to accommodate strong probe pulses with a shot noise significantly lower than the overall measurement noise. A matched digitizing scheme for single shot analysis of the light pulses at kilohertz repetition rates that minimizes the electronic noise contributions to the transient absorption signal is developed. The data processing scheme is optimized to yield best suppression of the laser excess noise and thereby transient absorbance changes down to 1.1×10-6 can be resolved. A collinear focusing geometry optimized for a 50 mm interaction length combined with a heatable gas cell allows us to perform measurements on substances with low vapor pressures, e.g., on medium sized molecules which are crystalline at room temperature. As an application example highlighting the capability of this instrument, we present the direct time-domain observation of the ultrafast excited state intramolecular proton transfer of 2-(2′-hydroxyphenyl)benzothiazole in the gas phase. We are able to compare the resulting dynamics in the gas phase and in solution with a temporal precision of better than 5 fs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report on the optical mode structure of laterally confined organic microcavities. For preparation, an organic semiconductor is evaporated through a mask with square sized holes, resulting in photonic dots with approximately 5 μm diameter. Using a microscope setup, we observe a complex mode structure in transmission and photoluminescence. From the mode mapping, we conclude a strong three-dimensional optical confinement. The near and far field spectra are modeled by transfer matrix calculations and a Fourier transform of the internal electric field distribution, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Wash-off of plant protection products from crops is represented in current European Union (EU) surface water models and future EU soil models by a coefficient that estimates its contribution to soil loadings following rainfall. Replacing the default coefficient with experimental data requires a harmonized protocol and this research forms part of the development of such a protocol. Following a successful test of the proposed protocol on a single crop across eight laboratories, a range of crops were tested in a single laboratory to assess the impact of crop type on the results., Results: Six crops (wheat, rice, oil seed rape, cabbage, potato and French bean) were chosen, encompassing both hydrophobic and hydrophilic leaf surfaces. Tebuconazole (Folicur EW 250) was sprayed onto plants at a rate equivalent to 100 g ai ha -1 and subjected to a 1-h simulated rainfall event at an intensity of 20 mm h -1 . Measured residues before and after rainfall were compared to calculate the percentage wash-off. The extent of wash-off was 66.4% with a 95% confidence interval of ±18.5% and the results were clustered according to leaf wettability, with lower wash-off in hydrophobic crops than in hydrophilic crops., Conclusion: Wash-off of this unoptimized formulation was similar across the crops, despite the use of crops with both hydrophobic and hydrophilic leaf surfaces. There is potential, therefore, to rationalize the number of crops used in future studies by selecting a small number of hydrophilic and/or hydrophobic crops to obtain a robust estimation of the extent of wash-off for use in environmental fate models. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry., (© 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.)

Peer-reviewed Transpiration Stream Concentration Factor (TSCF) values were analysed to elucidate whether pH-induced changes in lipophilicity can explain some of the variability in reported TSCF and whether a potential relationship between lipophilicity and TSCF can be described by a simple mathematical model. The data set for this investigation combined TSCF values of 42 non-ionisable and ionisable compounds from hydroponic tests with intact plants and publicly available lipophilicity data for the tested compounds. The data set was not homogenous in terms of molecular weight of the tested compounds, plant species used for testing and experimental conditions, but a strong effect of one of these factors on variation in reported TSCF was not detected. Variation in TSCF was high for the same or similar predicted octanol/water partitioning coefficient (log P) but could be reduced by considering octanol/water distribution coefficients (log D) instead. The TSCF data set was split into a training and a test data set in order to identify and test a best-fit model describing the relationship between log D and TSCF. Comparing different types of models (linear, sigmoidal, Gaussian), the Gaussian model fitted to the training data set after removal of two outliers was identified as best-fit model based on visual assessment and fit statistics (RMSE = 0.20, NSE = 0.57, R = 0.75 (p < 0.001)). The 95% confidence interval around the best-fit model contained about 70% of data points in the training set and the test set, respectively. In conclusion, compound lipophilicity expressed as log D is a more appropriate descriptor of uptake by plant roots and subsequent translocation than log P when ionisable compounds are considered. Furthermore, findings in this study suggest that a relationship exists between log D and TSCF for uptake tests with intact plants which can be described by a simple bell-shaped Gaussian model., Competing Interests: Declaration of competing interest The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper., (Copyright © 2020 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.)

Introduction and Objectives: Four regimens are recommended for treating hepatitis C (HCV) genotype 1 infection. Study aims were to (1) compare frequencies of contraindicated drug interactions (XDDIs) when each HCV regimen is added to medication profiles of HCV-monoinfected patients, (2) quantify the proportion of patients with XDDIs to all four regimens and (3) determine covariates independently associated with having a XDDI to all four regimens., Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed within Upstate New York Veterans Healthcare Administration., Inclusion Criteria: (1) age ≥18 years, (2) HCV monoinfection and (3) available medication list. Data extracted were: demographics, comorbidities, and medication list. Primary outcome was XDDIs involving patient's home medications and each HCV regimen. University of Liverpool drug interaction website was used to define XDDIs. Two-way comparisons of regimens were performed using McNemar's test where p<0.0083 was considered statistically significant. Multivariate regression analyses were performed to determine predictors., Results: Of the 4047 subjects, mean±standard deviation age was 59.8±7.6. Median (interquartile range) number of medications used was 7 [4-11]. Frequencies of XDDIs after the addition of each regimen ranged from 2.8% to 17.8% and were mostly statistically different from one another. There were 95 (2.3%) patients with XDDIs to all four regimens. Predictors of having XDDIs to all four regimens were ≥6 medications and HCV infection ≥10 years., Conclusion: The frequencies of XDDIs varied between HCV regimens. Number of medications and duration of HCV infection were predictors of having XDDIs to all four regimens., (Copyright © 2019 Fundación Clínica Médica Sur, A.C. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)