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3. Evidence for interstellar origin of seven dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft

Author

Westphal, Andrew J., Stroud, Rhonda M., Bechtel, Hans A., Brenker, Frank E., Butterworth, Anna L., Flynn, George J., Frank, David R., Gainsforth, Zack, Hillier, Jon K., Postberg, Frank, Simionovici, Alexandre S., Sterken, Veerle J., Nittler, Larry R., Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Saša, Bastien, Ron K., Bassim, Nabil, Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark, Burghammer, Manfred, Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Grün, Eberhard, Heck, Philipp R., Hoppe, Peter, Hudson, Bruce, Huth, Joachim, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J., Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leonard, Ariel, Leroux, Hugues, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Ogliore, Ryan, Ong, Wei Jia, Price, Mark C., Sandford, Scott A., Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Schreiber, Kate, Silversmit, Geert, Solé, Vicente A., Srama, Ralf, Stadermann, Frank, Stephan, Thomas, Stodolna, Julien, Sutton, Stephen, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Von Korff, Joshua, Wordsworth, Naomi, Zevin, Daniel, and Zolensky, Michael E.

Published
2014

11. INTERSTELLAR DUST: Evidence for interstellar origin of seven dust particles collected by the Stardust spacecraft

Author

Westphal, Andrew J., Stroud, Rhonda M., Bechtel, Hans A., Brenker, Frank E., Butterworth, Anna L., Flynn, George J., Frank, David R., Gainsforth, Zack, Hillier, Jon K., Postberg, Frank, Simionovici, Alexandre S., Sterken, Veerle J., Nittler, Larry R., Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Saša, Bastien, Ron K., Bassim, Nabil, Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark, Burghammer, Manfred, Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Grün, Eberhard, Heck, Philipp R., Hoppe, Peter, Hudson, Bruce, Huth, Joachim, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J., Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leonard, Ariel, Leroux, Hugues, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Ogliore, Ryan, Jia Ong, Wei, Price, Mark C., Sandford, Scott A., Sans Tresseras, Juan-Angel, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Schreiber, Kate, Silversmit, Geert, Solé, Vicente A., Srama, Ralf, Stadermann, Frank, Stephan, Thomas, Stodolna, Julien, Sutton, Stephen, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Von Korff, Joshua, Wordsworth, Naomi, Zevin, Daniel, and Zolensky, Michael E.

Published
2014
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13. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination III: Infrared Spectroscopic Analysis of Interstellar Dust Candidates

Author

Bechtel, Hans A, Flynn, George J, Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Sasa, Bastien, Ron K, Bassim, Nabil, Borg, Janet, Brenker, Frank E, Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E, Burchell, Mark, Burghammer, Manfred, Butterworth, Anna L, Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M, Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Frank, David R, Gainsforth, Zack, Grun, Eberhard, Heck, Philipp R, Hillier, Jon K, Hoppe, Peter, Hudson, Bruce, Huth, Joachim, Hvide, Brit, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J, Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Leonard, Ariel, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Nittler, Larry, Ogliore, Ryan, Ong, Wei Ja, Postberg, Frank, Price, Mark C, Sandford, Scott A, Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Simionovici, Alexandre S, Sole, Vicente A, Srama, Ralf, Stadermann, Frank J, Stephan, Thomas, Sterken, Veerle J, Stodolna, Julien, Stroud, Rhonda M, Sutton, Steven, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Von Korff, Joshua, Westphal, Andrew J, Wordsworth, Naomi, Zevin, Daniel, and Zolensky, Michael E

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

Under the auspices of the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination, picokeystones extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector were examined with synchrotron Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microscopy to establish whether they contained extraterrestrial organic material. The picokeystones were found to be contaminated with varying concentrations and speciation of organics in the native aerogel, which hindered the search for organics in the interstellar dust candidates. Furthermore, examination of the picokeystones prior to and post X-ray microprobe analyses yielded evidence of beam damage in the form of organic deposition or modification, particularly with hard X-ray synchrotron X-ray fluorescence. From these results, it is clear that considerable care must be taken to interpret any organics that might be in interstellar dust particles. For the interstellar candidates examined thus far, however, there is no clear evidence of extraterrestrial organics associated with the track and/or terminal particles. However, we detected organic matter associated with the terminal particle in Track 37, likely a secondary impact from the Al-deck of the sample return capsule, demonstrating the ability of synchrotron FTIR to detect organic matter in small particles within picokeystones from the Stardust interstellar dust collector.

Published
2013
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14. Identification of Crystalline Material in Two Interstellar Dust Candidates from the Stardust Mission

Author

Gainsforth, Zack, Simionovici, Alexandra, Brenker, Frank E, Schmitz, Sylvia, Burghammer, Manfred, Cloetens, Peter, Lemelle, Laurence, San Tresseras, Juan-Angel, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Sole, Vicente A, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Achilles, Cheri, Allen, Carlton, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Sasa, Bassim, Nabil, Bastien, Ron S, Bechtel, H. A, Borg, Janet, Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E, Sandford, S. A, and Zolensky, Michael E

Subjects
Astrophysics
Abstract

NASA's interstellar collector from the Stardust mission captured several particles that are now thought to be of interstellar origin. We analyzed two of these via nanodiffraction at the European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF) and found them to contain crystalline components. The unit cell of the crystalline material is determined from the diffraction patterns and the most likely mineral components are identified as olivine and spinel.

Published
2012

15. Qesa - Quarantine Extraterrestrial Sample Analyses for Returned Samples

Author

Simionovici, Alexandre, Lemelle, Laurence, Beck, Pierre, Tucoulou, Remi, Schoonjans, Tom, Fihman, F., Kiryukhina, K., Courtade, F., Viso, M., Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Lyon 1, Depot 2

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], x-ray-fluorescence, stardust
Abstract

WOS:000438212400292

Published
2018

16. Minor Element Abundances in Gems

Author

Simionovici, Alexandre, Lemelle, Laurence, Tucoulou, Remi, Schoonjans, Tom, Westphal, Andrew, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement [Lyon] (LGL-TPE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon), Lyon 1, Depot 2, Laboratoire de Géologie de Lyon - Terre, Planètes, Environnement (LGL-TPE), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), and Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Étienne (UJM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)

Subjects
[SDU] Sciences of the Universe [physics], [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]
Published
2018

18. New techniques in diagnostic x-ray imaging: A simulation tool and experimental findings

Author

Chiadroni, E, Chiarella, V, Orsitto, FP, Ferrario, M, Oliva, P, Golosio, B, Masala, G, Schoonjans, T, Brunetti, A, Carpinelli, M, OLIVA, Piernicola, GOLOSIO, Bruno, Masala, G. L., SCHOONJANS, Tom Paul, BRUNETTI, Antonio, CARPINELLI, Massimo, Chiadroni, E, Chiarella, V, Orsitto, FP, Ferrario, M, Oliva, P, Golosio, B, Masala, G, Schoonjans, T, Brunetti, A, Carpinelli, M, OLIVA, Piernicola, GOLOSIO, Bruno, Masala, G. L., SCHOONJANS, Tom Paul, BRUNETTI, Antonio, and CARPINELLI, Massimo

Abstract

Absorption X-ray imaging is a well-established technique. However it is still a challenging task in its search for a compromise between the need for high spatial resolution and high contrast and the request to keep the dose delivered to the patient within acceptable values. New imaging techniques are under investigation, like the use of new X-ray sources, phase contrast imaging or K-edge imaging. Monte Carlo or analytic simulations are often the best way to test and predict the effectiveness of these techniques. A new simulation tool for X-ray imaging will be presented together with some applications to the characterization of new X-ray sources, in-line phase contrast effect and angiographic K-edge imaging. Simulation results will be compared also with experimental data.

Published
2015

19. Four Interstellar Dust Candidates from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector

Author

Westphal, Andrew J., Allen, Carlton, Bajt, Saša, Bechtel, Hans A., Borg, Janet, Brenker, Frank E., Bridges, John C., Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark J., Burghammer, Manfred, Butterworth, Anna L., Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Fougeray, P., Frank, David R., Gainsforth, Zack, Grün, Eberhard, Heck, Philipp, Hillier, Jon K., Hoppe, Peter, Howard, L., Hudson, B., Huss, G. R., Huth, Joachim, Kearsley, Anton T., King, Ashley J., Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Nittler, Larry R., Ogliore, Ryan, Postberg, Frank, Price, Mark C., Sandford, Scott A., Sans-Tresseras, J. A., Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Simionovici, Alexandre, Srama, Ralf, Stadermann, Frank J., Stephan, Thomas, Stodolna, Julien, Stroud, Rhonda, Sutton, Stephen R., Toucoulou, R., Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Wordsworth, N., Zevin, Daniel, Zolensky, Michael E., Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Lille-Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Lille (ENSCL)

Subjects
[SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [PHYS.COND.CM-MS]Physics [physics]/Condensed Matter [cond-mat]/Materials Science [cond-mat.mtrl-sci], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [CHIM.MATE]Chemical Sciences/Material chemistry, [PHYS.ASTR]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract

International audience

Published
2011

24. Dual detector micro-XRF cryotomography and mapping on the model organism Daphnia magna

Author

De Samber, Björn, Wellenreuther, Gerd, Evens, Roel, De Schamphelaere, Karel, Janssen, Colin, Lindemann, Inge, Silversmit, Geert, Schoonjans, Tom, Vekemans, Bart, Szaloki, Imre, Falkenberg, Gerald, Appel, Karen, and Vincze, Laszlo

Subjects
silicon drift detector, Daphnia magna, synchrotron, Biology and Life Sciences, cryogenic, micro-XRF
Abstract

The recent availability of a cryostream cooler at beamline L has allowed synchrotron radiation based micro-XRF analysis of frozen biological samples close to their native state. In a previous contribution, we compared the elemental distributions within a ydrated (frozen) and a fixed (dehydrated) Daphnia magna, which is a freshwater crustacean used in toxicological research as a model organism for evaluating effects of metals on the cosystem. Although hydrated samples show less dislocation of elements and/or sample contamination as compared to fixed samples, they are mainly composed of a water matrix, which is more susceptible to absorption effects of low energy X-rays. Therefore, we investigate the degree of absorption in 2D/CT micro-XRF elemental maps of Daphnia magna using a dual silicon drift detector (SDD) setup.

Published
2010

26. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination X: Impact speeds and directions of interstellar grains on the Stardust dust collector

Author

Sterken, Veerle J., Westphal, Andrew J., Altobelli, Nicolas, Grün, Eberhard, Hillier, Jon K., Postberg, Frank, Srama, Ralf, Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Saša, Bastien, Ron S., Bassim, Nabil, Bechtel, Hans A., Borg, Janet, Brenker, Frank E., Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark, Burghammer, Manfred, Butterworth, Anna L., Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Frank, David, Gainsforth, Zack, Heck, Philipp R., Hoppe, Peter, Hudson, Bruce, Huth, Joachim, Hvide, Brit, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J., Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Leonard, Ariel, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Nittler, Larry R., Ogliore, Ryan, Ong, Wei Ja, Price, Mark C., Sandford, S. A., Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Simionovici, Alexandre, Solé, Vicente A., Stephan, Thomas, Stodolna, Julien, Stroud, Rhonda M., Sutton, Steven, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Korff, Joshua Von, Wordsworth, Naomi, Zevin, Daniel, Zolensky, Michael E., Sterken, Veerle J., Westphal, Andrew J., Altobelli, Nicolas, Grün, Eberhard, Hillier, Jon K., Postberg, Frank, Srama, Ralf, Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Saša, Bastien, Ron S., Bassim, Nabil, Bechtel, Hans A., Borg, Janet, Brenker, Frank E., Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark, Burghammer, Manfred, Butterworth, Anna L., Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Frank, David, Gainsforth, Zack, Heck, Philipp R., Hoppe, Peter, Hudson, Bruce, Huth, Joachim, Hvide, Brit, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J., Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Leonard, Ariel, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Nittler, Larry R., Ogliore, Ryan, Ong, Wei Ja, Price, Mark C., Sandford, S. A., Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Simionovici, Alexandre, Solé, Vicente A., Stephan, Thomas, Stodolna, Julien, Stroud, Rhonda M., Sutton, Steven, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Korff, Joshua Von, Wordsworth, Naomi, Zevin, Daniel, and Zolensky, Michael E.

Abstract

On the basis of an interstellar dust model compatible with Ulysses and Galileo observations, we calculate and predict the trajectories of interstellar dust (ISD) in the solar system and the distribution of the impact speeds, directions, and flux of ISD particles on the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector during the two collection periods of the mission. We find that the expected impact velocities are generally low (<10 km s?1) for particles with the ratio of the solar radiation pressure force to the solar gravitational force ? > 1, and that some of the particles will impact on the cometary side of the collector. If we assume astronomical silicates for particle material and a density of 2 g cm?3, and use the Ulysses measurements and the ISD trajectory simulations, we conclude that the total number of (detectable) captured ISD particles may be on the order of 50. In companion papers in this volume, we report the discovery of three interstellar dust candidates in the Stardust aerogel tiles. The impact directions and speeds of these candidates are consistent with those calculated from our ISD propagation model, within the uncertainties of the model and of the observations.

Published
2014

27. Final reports of the Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination

Author

Westphal, Andrew J., Bechtel, Hans A., Brenker, Frank E., Butterworth, Anna L., Flynn, George, Frank, David R., Gainsforth, Zack, Hillier, Jon K., Postberg, Frank, Simionovici, Alexandre S., Sterken, Veerle J., Stroud, Rhonda M., Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Saša, Bastien, Ron K., Bassim, Nabil, Borg, Janet, Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark J., Burghammer, Manfred, Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Grün, Eberhard, Heck, Philipp R., Hoppe, Peter, Hudson, Bruce, Huth, Joachim, Hvide, Brit, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J., Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Leonard, Ariel, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Nittler, Larry R., Ogliore, Ryan, Ong, Wei Ja, Price, Mark C., Sandford, Scott A., Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Solé, Vicente A., Srama, Ralf, Stadermann, Frank, Stephan, Thomas, Stodolna, Julien, Sutton, Steven, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Von Korff, Joshua, Wordsworth, Naomi, Zevin, Daniel, Zolensky, Michael E., Westphal, Andrew J., Bechtel, Hans A., Brenker, Frank E., Butterworth, Anna L., Flynn, George, Frank, David R., Gainsforth, Zack, Hillier, Jon K., Postberg, Frank, Simionovici, Alexandre S., Sterken, Veerle J., Stroud, Rhonda M., Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Saša, Bastien, Ron K., Bassim, Nabil, Borg, Janet, Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark J., Burghammer, Manfred, Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Grün, Eberhard, Heck, Philipp R., Hoppe, Peter, Hudson, Bruce, Huth, Joachim, Hvide, Brit, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J., Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Leonard, Ariel, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Nittler, Larry R., Ogliore, Ryan, Ong, Wei Ja, Price, Mark C., Sandford, Scott A., Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Solé, Vicente A., Srama, Ralf, Stadermann, Frank, Stephan, Thomas, Stodolna, Julien, Sutton, Steven, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Von Korff, Joshua, Wordsworth, Naomi, Zevin, Daniel, and Zolensky, Michael E.

Published
2014

28. Multi-disciplinary characterisation of a sandstone surface crust

Author

Silversmit Geert, Van Loo Denis, Schoonjans Tom, Boone Matthieu, De Witte Yoni, Cnudde Veerle, De Samber Björn, Vincze Laszlo, Dewanckele Jan, Jacobs Patric, Elburg Marlina, and Van Hoorebeke Luc

Subjects
X ray radiography, Air Pollutants, Environmental Engineering, Multi disciplinary, Chemistry, Construction Materials, Surface Properties, Mineralogy, Drilling, Crust, Silicon Dioxide, Pollution, Imaging, Three-Dimensional, Air pollutants, Microscopy, Electron, Scanning, Environmental Chemistry, Geological materials, Porous medium, Porosity, Waste Management and Disposal, Weather, Electron Probe Microanalysis
Abstract

Sandstones are used in many contemporary and historical buildings. With time, these buildings become dark and a surface crust is formed. Generally, these crusts mainly consist of minerals of which the constituents were mobilised from the interior of the stone, and material from the surrounding environment like air pollutants and dust. Many traditional techniques, such as optical microscopy, Scanning Electron Microscopy and the Drilling Resistance Measurement System, have been used to study these crusts in the past. The advent of more advanced techniques allows a better characterisation of sandstone surface crusts, commonly present in urban stone decay. High-resolution X-ray radiography and tomography, micro X-ray absorption spectroscopy (µ-XANES) and 2D micro-XRF scanning at laboratory and synchrotron sources, combined with more traditional research methods were applied to the study of a sandstone surface crust. This shows that the combination of these highly advanced techniques, which were not designed with the purpose of answering geological or environmental questions, can generate complementary 2D and 3D imagery of geological materials, opening up new approaches in the study of element migration inside porous geomaterials. Capsule: I hereby state that this work is significant to the rest of the scientific community.

Published
2009

29. Metal contaminations in small water fleas: a combination of X-ray imaging experiments

Author

De Samber, Björn, Evens, Roel, De Schamphelaere, Karel, Silversmit, Geert, Masschaele, Bert, Schoonjans, Tom, Vekemans, Bart, Janssen, Colin, Van Hoorebeke, Luc, Szaloki, Imre, Balcaen, Lieve, Vanhaecke, Frank, Falkenberg, Gerald, and Vincze, Laszlo

Subjects
Daphnia magna, synchrotron, XRF, Biology and Life Sciences, exotoxicology
Published
2009

30. Laboratory and synchrotron radiation micro and nano X-ray fluorescence

Author

De Samber, Björn, Evens, Roel, De Schamphelaere, Karel, Masschaele, Bert, Silversmit, Geert, Schoonjans, Tom, Vekemans, Bart, Van Hoorebeke, Luc, Vanhaecke, Frank, Janssen, Colin, Bohic, Sylvain, Wellenreuther, Gerd, Rickers, Karen, Falkenberg, Gerald, Vincze, Laszlo, and Tsuji, Kouichi

Subjects
Chemistry, synchrotron, Daphnia magna, ecotoxicology, micro-XRF
Abstract

Micro X-ray Fluorescence (µ-XRF) is a rapidly evolving analytical technique which allows visualizing the trace level metal distributions within a specimen in an essentially non-destructive manner. Using a laboratory µ-XRF spectrometer, ppm detection limits can be obtained with a spatial resolution of 10-20 µm. However, at second- and third generation synchrotron radiation (SR) sources, detection limits at the sub-ppm level can be obtained with a potential lateral resolution level better than 100 nm. These characteristics of micro/nanobeam SR-XRF allow spatially resolved multi-element determination of major, minor and trace constituents in microscopic sub-areas and volumes within biological specimens in an essentially non-destructive/non-invasive manner. However, the complexity of performing such an experiment is often quite considerable, involving dedicated sample preparation, transportation towards and experimenting at the synchrotron facility, installing an appropriate experimental set-up and performing a thorough data analysis on large amounts of spectral data. The ecotoxicological research on Daphnia magna, a frequently used model organism for investigating the mechanisms of toxicity of metals, has often been difficult because many analytical techniques are not able to investigate trace metal distributions in a spatially resolved manner at a (sub)microscopic resolution. A laboratory µ-XRF spectrometer (EDAX Eagle III) allowed us to precharacterize the major/minor element distributions within Daphnia magna with a moderate spatial resolution of approximately 20 µm. However, synchrotron radiation µ-XRF experiments were necessary (Beamline L, HASYLAB) with substantially increased elemental sensitivities to “virtually dissect” the tissue specific Zn accumulation within Daphnia magna. This work demonstrates the use of combined X-ray techniques, including two-dimensional (2D) µ-XRF, XRF micro-CT, confocal µ-XRF and absorption microtomography under conventional and cryogenic sample environments.

Published
2009

32. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination I: Identification of tracks in aerogel

Author

Westphal, Andrew J., primary, Anderson, David, additional, Butterworth, Anna L., additional, Frank, David R., additional, Lettieri, Robert, additional, Marchant, William, additional, Von Korff, Joshua, additional, Zevin, Daniel, additional, Ardizzone, Augusto, additional, Campanile, Antonella, additional, Capraro, Michael, additional, Courtney, Kevin, additional, Criswell, Mitchell N., additional, Crumpler, Dixon, additional, Cwik, Robert, additional, Gray, Fred Jacob, additional, Hudson, Bruce, additional, Imada, Guy, additional, Karr, Joel, additional, Wah, Lily Lau Wan, additional, Mazzucato, Michele, additional, Motta, Pier Giorgio, additional, Rigamonti, Carlo, additional, Spencer, Ronald C., additional, Woodrough, Stephens B., additional, Santoni, Irene Cimmino, additional, Sperry, Gerry, additional, Terry, Jean‐Noel, additional, Wordsworth, Naomi, additional, Yahnke, Tom, additional, Allen, Carlton, additional, Ansari, Asna, additional, Bajt, Saša, additional, Bastien, Ron K., additional, Bassim, Nabil, additional, Bechtel, Hans A., additional, Borg, Janet, additional, Brenker, Frank E., additional, Bridges, John, additional, Brownlee, Donald E., additional, Burchell, Mark, additional, Burghammer, Manfred, additional, Changela, Hitesh, additional, Cloetens, Peter, additional, Davis, Andrew M., additional, Doll, Ryan, additional, Floss, Christine, additional, Flynn, George, additional, Gainsforth, Zack, additional, Grün, Eberhard, additional, Heck, Philipp R., additional, Hillier, Jon K., additional, Hoppe, Peter, additional, Huth, Joachim, additional, Hvide, Brit, additional, Kearsley, Anton, additional, King, Ashley J., additional, Lai, Barry, additional, Leitner, Jan, additional, Lemelle, Laurence, additional, Leroux, Hugues, additional, Leonard, Ariel, additional, Nittler, Larry R., additional, Ogliore, Ryan, additional, Ong, Wei Ja, additional, Postberg, Frank, additional, Price, Mark C., additional, Sandford, Scott A., additional, Tresseras, Juan‐Angel Sans, additional, Schmitz, Sylvia, additional, Schoonjans, Tom, additional, Silversmit, Geert, additional, Simionovici, Alexandre S., additional, Solé, Vicente A., additional, Srama, Ralf, additional, Stephan, Thomas, additional, Sterken, Veerle J., additional, Stodolna, Julien, additional, Stroud, Rhonda M., additional, Sutton, Steven, additional, Trieloff, Mario, additional, Tsou, Peter, additional, Tsuchiyama, Akira, additional, Tyliszczak, Tolek, additional, Vekemans, Bart, additional, Vincze, Laszlo, additional, and Zolensky, Michael E., additional

Published
2014
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33. Coordinated Microanalyses of Seven Particles of Probable Interstellar Origin from the Stardust Mission.

Author

Westphal, Andrew J., primary, Stroud, Rhonda M., additional, Bechtel, Hans A., additional, Brenker, Frank E., additional, Butterworth, Anna L., additional, Flynn, George J., additional, Frank, David R., additional, Gainsforth, Zack, additional, Hillier, Jon K., additional, Postberg, Frank, additional, Simionovici, Alexandre S., additional, Sterken, Veerle J., additional, Allen, Carlton, additional, Anderson, David, additional, Ansari, Asna, additional, Bajt, Saˇsa, additional, Bastien, Ron K., additional, Bassim, Nabil, additional, Bridges, John, additional, Brownlee, Donald E., additional, Burchell, Mark, additional, Burghammer, Manfred, additional, Changela, Hitesh, additional, Cloetens, Peter, additional, Davis, Andrew M., additional, Doll, Ryan, additional, Floss, Christine, additional, Gru¨n, Eberhard, additional, Heck, Philipp R., additional, Hoppe, Peter, additional, Hudson, Bruce, additional, Huth, Joachim, additional, Kearsley, Anton, additional, King, Ashley J., additional, Lai, Barry, additional, Leitner, Jan, additional, Lemelle, Laurence, additional, Leonard, Ariel, additional, Leroux, Hugues, additional, Lettieri, Robert, additional, Marchant, William, additional, Nittler, Larry R., additional, Ogliore, Ryan, additional, Jia Ong, Wei, additional, Price, Mark C., additional, Sandford, Scott A., additional, Sans Tresseras, Juan-Angel, additional, Schmitz, Sylvia, additional, Schoonjans, Tom, additional, Schreiber, Kate, additional, Silversmit, Geert, additional, Solé, Vicente A., additional, Srama, Ralf, additional, Stadermann, Frank, additional, Stephan, Thomas, additional, Stodolna, Julien, additional, Sutton, Stephen, additional, Trieloff, Mario, additional, Tsou, Peter, additional, Tyliszczak, Tolek, additional, Vekemans, Bart, additional, Vincze, Laszlo, additional, Von Korff, Joshua, additional, Wordsworth, Naomi, additional, Zevin, Daniel, additional, and Zolensky, Michael E., additional

Published
2014
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35. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination XI: Identification and elemental analysis of impact craters on Al foils from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector

Author

Stroud, Rhonda M., Allen, Carlton, Ansari, Asna, Anderson, David, Bajt, Saša, Bassim, Nabil, Bastien, Ron S., Bechtel, Hans A., Borg, Janet, Brenker, Frank E., Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark J., Burghammer, Manfred, Butterworth, Anna L., Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Frank, David R., Gainsforth, Zack, Grün, Eberhard, Heck, Philipp R., Hillier, Jon K., Hoppe, Peter, Huth, Joachim, Hvide, Brit, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J., Kotula, Paul, Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Leonard, Ariel, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Nittler, Larry R., Ogliore, Ryan, Ong, Wei Jia, Postberg, Frank, Price, Mark C., Sandford, Scott A., Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Schreiber, Kate, Silversmit, Geert, Simionovici, Alexandre S., Solé, Vicente A., Srama, Ralf, Stephan, Thomas, Sterken, Veerle J., Stodolna, Julien, Sutton, Steven, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Westphal, Andrew J., Von Korff, Joshua, Zevin, Daniel, Zolensky, Michael E., Stroud, Rhonda M., Allen, Carlton, Ansari, Asna, Anderson, David, Bajt, Saša, Bassim, Nabil, Bastien, Ron S., Bechtel, Hans A., Borg, Janet, Brenker, Frank E., Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark J., Burghammer, Manfred, Butterworth, Anna L., Changela, Hitesh, Cloetens, Peter, Davis, Andrew M., Doll, Ryan, Floss, Christine, Flynn, George, Frank, David R., Gainsforth, Zack, Grün, Eberhard, Heck, Philipp R., Hillier, Jon K., Hoppe, Peter, Huth, Joachim, Hvide, Brit, Kearsley, Anton, King, Ashley J., Kotula, Paul, Lai, Barry, Leitner, Jan, Lemelle, Laurence, Leroux, Hugues, Leonard, Ariel, Lettieri, Robert, Marchant, William, Nittler, Larry R., Ogliore, Ryan, Ong, Wei Jia, Postberg, Frank, Price, Mark C., Sandford, Scott A., Tresseras, Juan-Angel Sans, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Schreiber, Kate, Silversmit, Geert, Simionovici, Alexandre S., Solé, Vicente A., Srama, Ralf, Stephan, Thomas, Sterken, Veerle J., Stodolna, Julien, Sutton, Steven, Trieloff, Mario, Tsou, Peter, Tsuchiyama, Akira, Tyliszczak, Tolek, Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Westphal, Andrew J., Von Korff, Joshua, Zevin, Daniel, and Zolensky, Michael E.

Published
2013

36. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination XI: Identification and elemental analysis of impact craters on Al foils from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector

Author

Stroud, Rhonda M., primary, Allen, Carlton, additional, Ansari, Asna, additional, Anderson, David, additional, Bajt, Saša, additional, Bassim, Nabil, additional, Bastien, Ron S., additional, Bechtel, Hans A., additional, Borg, Janet, additional, Brenker, Frank E., additional, Bridges, John, additional, Brownlee, Donald E., additional, Burchell, Mark, additional, Burghammer, Manfred, additional, Butterworth, Anna L., additional, Changela, Hitesh, additional, Cloetens, Peter, additional, Davis, Andrew M., additional, Doll, Ryan, additional, Floss, Christine, additional, Flynn, George, additional, Frank, David R., additional, Gainsforth, Zack, additional, Grün, Eberhard, additional, Heck, Philipp R., additional, Hillier, Jon K., additional, Hoppe, Peter, additional, Huth, Joachim, additional, Hvide, Brit, additional, Kearsley, Anton, additional, King, Ashley J., additional, Kotula, Paul, additional, Lai, Barry, additional, Leitner, Jan, additional, Lemelle, Laurence, additional, Leroux, Hugues, additional, Leonard, Ariel, additional, Lettieri, Robert, additional, Marchant, William, additional, Nittler, Larry R., additional, Ogliore, Ryan, additional, Ong, Wei Jia, additional, Postberg, Frank, additional, Price, Mark C., additional, Sandford, Scott A., additional, Tresseras, Juan‐Angel Sans, additional, Schmitz, Sylvia, additional, Schoonjans, Tom, additional, Schreiber, Kate, additional, Silversmit, Geert, additional, Simionovici, Alexandre S., additional, Solé, Vicente A., additional, Srama, Ralf, additional, Stephan, Thomas, additional, Sterken, Veerle J., additional, Stodolna, Julien, additional, Sutton, Steven, additional, Trieloff, Mario, additional, Tsou, Peter, additional, Tsuchiyama, Akira, additional, Tyliszczak, Tolek, additional, Vekemans, Bart, additional, Vincze, Laszlo, additional, Westphal, Andrew J., additional, Von Korff, Joshua, additional, Zevin, Daniel, additional, and Zolensky, Michael E., additional

Published
2013
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40. Removal of some elements from washed and cooked rice studied by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and synchrotron based confocal micro-X-ray fluorescence

Author

Mihucz, Victor G., primary, Silversmit, Geert, additional, Szalóki, Imre, additional, Samber, Björn de, additional, Schoonjans, Tom, additional, Tatár, Enikő, additional, Vincze, László, additional, Virág, István, additional, Yao, Jun, additional, and Záray, Gyula, additional

Published
2010
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42. Element-to-tissue correlation in biological samples determined by three-dimensional X-ray imaging methods

Author

De Samber, Björn, primary, Silversmit, Geert, additional, De Schamphelaere, Karel, additional, Evens, Roel, additional, Schoonjans, Tom, additional, Vekemans, Bart, additional, Janssen, Colin, additional, Masschaele, Bert, additional, Van Hoorebeke, Luc, additional, Szalóki, Imre, additional, Vanhaecke, Frank, additional, Rickers, Karen, additional, Falkenberg, Gerald, additional, and Vincze, Laszlo, additional

Published
2010
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43. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination VIII: Identification of crystalline material in two interstellar candidates.

Author

Gainsforth, Zack, Brenker, Frank E., Simionovici, Alexandre S., Schmitz, Sylvia, Burghammer, Manfred, Butterworth, Anna L., Cloetens, Peter, Lemelle, Laurence, Tresserras, Juan‐Angel Sans, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Solé, Vicente A., Vekemans, Bart, Vincze, Laszlo, Westphal, Andrew J., Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Saša, and Bastien, Ron K.

Subjects
INTERPLANETARY dust, X-ray diffraction, SYNCHROTRON radiation, POLYCRYSTALS, X-ray fluorescence, NANOCRYSTALS
Abstract

Using synchrotron-based X-ray diffraction measurements, we identified crystalline material in two particles of extraterrestrial origin extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector. The first particle, I1047,1,34 (Hylabrook), consisted of a mosaiced olivine grain approximately 1 µm in size with internal strain fields up to 0.3%. The unit cell dimensions were a = 4.85 ± 0.08 Å, b = 10.34 ± 0.16 Å, c = 6.08 ± 0.13 Å (2σ). The second particle, I1043,1,30 (Orion), contained an olivine grain ≈ 2 µm in length and >500 nm in width. It was polycrystalline with both mosaiced domains varying over ≈ 20 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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44. Stardust Interstellar Preliminary Examination V: XRF analyses of interstellar dust candidates at ESRF ID13.

Author

Brenker, Frank E., Westphal, Andrew J., Vincze, Laszlo, Burghammer, Manfred, Schmitz, Sylvia, Schoonjans, Tom, Silversmit, Geert, Vekemans, Bart, Allen, Carlton, Anderson, David, Ansari, Asna, Bajt, Saša, Bastien, Ron K., Bassim, Nabil, Bechtel, Hans A., Borg, Janet, Bridges, John, Brownlee, Donald E., Burchell, Mark, and Butterworth, Anna L.

Subjects
INTERPLANETARY dust, X-ray fluorescence, IMPACT craters, X-ray diffraction
Abstract

Here, we report analyses by synchrotron X-ray fluorescence microscopy of the elemental composition of eight candidate impact features extracted from the Stardust Interstellar Dust Collector (SIDC). Six of the features were unambiguous tracks, and two were crater-like features. Five of the tracks are so-called 'midnight' tracks-that is, they had trajectories consistent with an origin either in the interstellar dust stream or as secondaries from impacts on the Sample Return Capsule (SRC). In a companion paper reporting synchrotron X-ray diffraction analyses of ISPE candidates, we show that two of these particles contain natural crystalline materials: the terminal particle of track 30 contains olivine and spinel, and the terminal particle of track 34 contains olivine. Here, we show that the terminal particle of track 30, Orion, shows elemental abundances, normalized to Fe, that are close to CI values, and a complex, fine-grained structure. The terminal particle of track 34, Hylabrook, shows abundances that deviate strongly from CI, but shows little fine structure and is nearly homogenous. The terminal particles of other midnight tracks, 29 and 37, had heavy element abundances below detection threshold. A third, track 28, showed a composition inconsistent with an extraterrestrial origin, but also inconsistent with known spacecraft materials. A sixth track, with a trajectory consistent with secondary ejecta from an impact on one of the spacecraft solar panels, contains abundant Ce and Zn. This is consistent with the known composition of the glass covering the solar panel. Neither crater-like feature is likely to be associated with extraterrestrial materials. We also analyzed blank aerogel samples to characterize background and variability between aerogel tiles. We found significant differences in contamination levels and compositions, emphasizing the need for local background subtraction for accurate quantification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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45. The xraylib library for x-ray-matter interaction cross sections: new developments and applications

Author

Schoonjans, Tom, Brunetti, Antonio, Golosio, Bruno, Sanchez del Rio, Manuel, Solé, Vicente Armando, Ferrero, Claudio, and Vincze, Laszlo

Abstract

This work presents the recent developments of xraylib, an ANSI C library designed to provide convenient access to a large number of X-ray related databases, with a focus on quantitative XRF applications. The discussed enhancements include improved XRF production cross sections that take into account cascade effects and M-lines, as well as revised line energies, atomic level widths, Compton broadening profiles etc. A full overview is presented of the complete API.

Published
2011
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