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80 results on '"School of Oceanography [Seattle]"'

1. 0D/2D Co3O4/Ti3C2 MXene Composite: A Dual-Functional Electrocatalyst for Energy-Saving Hydrogen Production and Urea Oxidation

Author: Yi Zhang, Zhaohui Zhang, Ahmed Addad, Qi Wang, Pascal Roussel, Mohammed A. Amin, Sabine Szunerits, Rabah Boukherroub, NanoBioInterfaces - IEMN (NBI - IEMN), Institut d’Électronique, de Microélectronique et de Nanotechnologie - UMR 8520 (IEMN), Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Centrale Lille-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Polytechnique Hauts-de-France (UPHF)-JUNIA (JUNIA), Université catholique de Lille (UCL)-Université catholique de Lille (UCL), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Unité Matériaux et Transformations - UMR 8207 (UMET), Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), Anhui University [Hefei], Unité de Catalyse et Chimie du Solide - UMR 8181 (UCCS), Université d'Artois (UA)-Centrale Lille-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université de Lille-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Taif University (TU), and Partenaires INRAE
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], Materials Chemistry, Electrochemistry, Energy Engineering and Power Technology, Chemical Engineering (miscellaneous), Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Abstract: International audience; Electrocatalytic water splitting to produce hydrogen (H2) is a sustainable way of meeting energy demands at no environmental cost. However, the sluggish anodic reaction imposes a considerable overpotential requirement. By contrast, the electrocatalytic urea oxidation reaction offers the prospect of energy-saving H2 production together with urea-rich wastewater purification. In this work, a 0D/2D Co3O4/Ti3C2 MXene composite was synthesized by a simple solution reaction approach under mild conditions and applied as an efficient and stable electrocatalyst for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and urea oxidation reaction (UOR) in basic medium (1 M KOH+0.5 M urea). The Co3O4/Ti3C2 MXene electrodes delivered a current density of 10 mA cm–2 at an overpotential of 124 mV for HER and required 1.40 V to reach 10 mA cm–2 for UOR. The hybrid catalyst could maintain high activity after 40 h continuous catalytic reaction for both UOR and HER. Its catalytic performance was significantly improved compared to that of pure Ti3C2 MXene and Co3O4 solving the problem of insufficient exposure of active sites caused by too large particle size and agglomeration of Co3O4 particles. Notably, Co3O4/Ti3C2 MXene was applied as a bifunctional catalyst for overall urea-containing water splitting, and showed certain energy saving advantages compared with other reported Co-based catalysts. This work provides a strategy for application other than noble metal-based electrode materials for urea-containing wastewater purification coupled with H2 production.
Published: 2022

2. The Science Case for a Titan Flagship-class Orbiter with Probes (White paper for the NRC Decadal Survey for Planetary Science and Astrobiology)

Author: Nixon, Conor A., James Abshire, Andrew Ashton, Barnes, Jason W., Nathalie Carrasco, Mathieu Choukroun, Athena Coustenis, Louis-Alexandre Couston, Edberg, Niklas J. T., Alexander Gagnon, Hofgartner, Jason D., Luciano Iess, Stéphane Le Mouélic, Rosaly Lopes, Juan Lora, Lorenz, Ralph D., Adrienn Luspay-Kuti, Michael Malaska, Kathleen Mandt, Marco Mastrogiuseppe, Erwan Mazarico, Marc Neveu, Taylor Perron, Jani Radebaugh, Sébastien Rodriguez, Farid Salama, Ashley Schoenfeld, Soderblom, Jason M., Anezina Solomonidou, Darci Snowden, Xioali Sun, Nicholas Teanby, Gabriel Tobie, Trainer, Melissa G., Tucker, Orenthal J., Turtle, Elizabeth P., Sandrine Vinatier, Véronique Vuitton, Xi Zhang, GSFC Planetary Systems Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), University of Idaho [Moscow, USA], PLANETO - LATMOS, Laboratoire Atmosphères, Milieux, Observations Spatiales (LATMOS), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), California Institute of Technology (CALTECH)-NASA, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA (UMR_8109)), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Swedish Institute of Space Physics [Uppsala] (IRF), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Università degli Studi di Roma 'La Sapienza' = Sapienza University [Rome], Laboratoire de Planétologie et Géodynamique [UMR 6112] (LPG), Université d'Angers (UA)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Yale University [New Haven], Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory [Laurel, MD] (APL), University of Maryland [Baltimore], Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Brigham Young University (BYU), Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), NASA Ames Research Center (ARC), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California, European Space Astronomy Centre (ESAC), European Space Agency (ESA), Central Washington University, School of Earth Sciences [Bristol], University of Bristol [Bristol], Institut de Planétologie et d'Astrophysique de Grenoble (IPAG), Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), and University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC)
Subjects: [SDU.ASTR.EP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Earth and Planetary Astrophysics [astro-ph.EP]
Abstract: 13 pages, white paper submitted to the NRC Decadal Survey for Planetary Science and Astrobiology; International audience; We outline a flagship-class mission concept focused on studying Titan as a global system, with particular emphasis on the polar regions. Investigating Titan from the unique standpoint of a polar orbit would enable comprehensive global maps to uncover the physics and chemistry of the atmosphere, and the topography and geophysical environment of the surface and subsurface. The mission includes two key elements: (1) an orbiter spacecraft, which also acts as a data relay, and (2) one or more small probes to directly investigate Titan's seas and make the first direct measurements of their liquid composition and physical environment. The orbiter would carry a sophisticated remote sensing payload, including a novel topographic lidar, a long-wavelength surface-penetrating radar, a sub-millimeter sounder for winds and for mesospheric/thermospheric composition, and a camera and near-infrared spectrometer. An instrument suite to analyze particles and fields would include a mass spectrometer to focus on the interactions between Titan's escaping upper atmosphere and the solar wind and Saturnian magnetosphere. The orbiter would enter a stable polar orbit around 1500 to 1800 km, from which vantage point it would make global maps of the atmosphere and surface. One or more probes, released from the orbiter, would investigate Titan's seas in situ, including possible differences in composition between higher and lower latitude seas, as well as the atmosphere during the parachute descent. The number of probes, as well as the instrument complement on the orbiter and probe, remain to be finalized during a mission study that we recommend to NASA as part of the NRC Decadal Survey for Planetary Science now underway, with the goal of an overall mission cost in the "small flagship" category of ~$2 bn. International partnerships, similar to Cassini-Huygens, may also be included for consideration.
Published: 2021

3. Orientation of horizontal components of short-period ocean bottom seismometers (SPOBSs) using P-wave polarization

Author: Bohidar, Soumya, Crawford, Wayne, Cannat, Mathilde, Sohn, Robert A., Wilcock, William, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Paris (UP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Department Geology and Geophysics, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), School of Oceanography [Seattle], and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2020

4. The Transpolar Drift as a Source of Riverine and Shelf-Derived Trace Elements to the Central Arctic Ocean

Author: Willard S. Moore, Carl H. Lamborg, Andrew R. Margolin, Tatiana Williford, Mak A. Saito, Elizabeth M. Jones, Randelle M. Bundy, Hans A. Slagter, Laramie T. Jensen, Robert F. Anderson, Jeroen E. Sonke, Sebastian M. Vivancos, Katlin L. Bowman, Benjamin Rabe, Mats A. Granskog, Alison M. Agather, Paul B. Henderson, Brian A. Haley, Chad R. Hammerschmidt, Frank J. Millero, Rob Middag, Jessica N. Fitzsimmons, Karl Kaiser, Aridane G. González, Rainer M. W. Amon, Mariko Hatta, Per Andersson, Lauren Kipp, Dennis A. Hansell, Robert Newton, Ryan J. Woosley, Micha J. A. Rijkenberg, Ole Valk, R. Lawrence Edwards, Laura M. Whitmore, Angelica Pasqualini, Jessica S. Dabrowski, Loes J. A. Gerringa, Yang Xiang, Matthew A. Charette, Ronald Benner, Martin Levier, Ronja Paffrath, David Kadko, Seth G. John, Jan van Ooijen, Michiel M Rutgers van der Loeff, Xianglei Li, Hélène Planquette, Dorothea Bauch, Robert Rember, Patrick Laan, Phoebe J. Lam, Colin A. Stedmon, Ursula Schauer, Katharina Pahnke, Heather E. Reader, Alan M. Shiller, Mariia V. Petrova, Adam Ulfsbo, Christopher I. Measures, Ruifeng Zhang, Peter Schlosser, Sandra Gdaniec, Robert M. Sherrell, Matthieu Roy-Barman, Lars Eric Heimburger-Boavida, Department of Marine Chemistry and Geochemistry (WHOI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Dalhousie University [Halifax], Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], Texas A&M University [College Station], University of Southern Mississippi (USM), Department of Marine Sciences [Gothenburg], University of Gothenburg (GU), Tromsø department (IMR), Institute of Marine Research [Bergen] (IMR), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of earth and environmental sciences and the Lamont-Doherty earth observatory, Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), University of Oldenburg, Department of Earth Sciences [USC Los Angeles], University of Southern California (USC), Ocean Sciences Department, University of California [USA], University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Department of Oceanography [Honolulu], University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Université de Toulon (UTLN), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research [Kiel] (GEOMAR), Department of Earth and Environmental Engineering [New York], Wright State University, Swedish Museum of Natural History (NRM), Department of Biological Sciences [Columbia], University of South Carolina [Columbia], University of California (UC), Department of Geology and Geophysics, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, Department of Geological Sciences [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochimie Des Impacts (GEDI), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Instituto de Oceanografía y Cambio Global (IOCAG), Université de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria [Espagne] (ULPGC), Norwegian Polar Institute, College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science (RSMAS), University of Miami [Coral Gables], Florida International University [Miami] (FIU), Texas A&M University [Galveston], University of British Columbia (UBC), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), DTU Aqua, National Institute of Aquatic Resources, Danmarks Tekniske Universitet = Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Memorial University of Newfoundland = Université Memorial de Terre-Neuve [St. John's, Canada] (MUN), International Arctic Research Center (IARC), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Arizona State University [Tempe] (ASU), Max Planck Institute for Chemistry (MPIC), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Global Change Science, Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT), Alfred Wegener Institute for Polar and Marine Research (AWI), Shanghai Jiao Tong University [Shanghai], Funding for Arctic GEOTRACES was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation, Swedish Research Council Formas, French Agence Nationale de la Recherche and LabexMER, Netherlands Organization for Scientific Research, and Independent Research Fund Denmark, ANR-10-LABX-0019,LabexMER,LabexMER Marine Excellence Research: a changing ocean(2010), ANR-13-BS06-0014,GEOVIDE,GEOVIDE, Une étude internationale GEOTRACES le long de la section OVIDE en Atlantique Nord et en Mer du Labrador(2013), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California-University of California, University of California, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Technical University of Denmark [Lyngby] (DTU), Memorial University of Newfoundland [St. John's], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Flux, Oceanografi, hydrologi och vattenresurser, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Oceanography, Hydrology and Water Resources, Geochemistry and Petrology, Dissolved organic carbon, Arctic Ocean, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, Water cycle, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Transpolar Drift, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Trace elements, ACL, Lead (sea ice), Trace element, Nutrients, Carbon, Geophysics, GEOTRACES, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Meteoric water, Environmental science, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology
Abstract: Data from GEOTRACES cruises GN01 (HLY1502) and GN04 (PS94) have been archived at the Biological & Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO; https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/638807) and PANGAEA (https://www.pangaea.de/?q=PS94&f.campaign%5B%5D=PS94) websites, respectively. The inorganic carbon data are available at the NOAA Ocean Carbon Data System (OCADS ; doi :10.3334/CDIAC/OTG.CLIVAR_ARC01_33HQ20150809). In addition to these national data archives, the data used in this paper is available as a supplementary downloadable excel file; International audience; A major surface circulation feature of the Arctic Ocean is the Transpolar Drift (TPD), a current that transports river‐influenced shelf water from the Laptev and East Siberian Seas toward the center of the basin and Fram Strait. In 2015, the international GEOTRACES program included a high‐resolution pan‐Arctic survey of carbon, nutrients, and a suite of trace elements and isotopes (TEIs). The cruises bisected the TPD at two locations in the central basin, which were defined by maxima in meteoric water and dissolved organic carbon concentrations that spanned 600 km horizontally and ~25‐50 m vertically. Dissolved TEIs such as Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Hg, Nd, and Th, which are generally particle‐reactive but can be complexed by organic matter, were observed at concentrations much higher than expected for the open ocean setting. Other trace element concentrations such as Al, V, Ga, and Pb were lower than expected due to scavenging over the productive East Siberian and Laptev shelf seas. Using a combination of radionuclide tracers and ice drift modeling, the transport rate for the core of the TPD was estimated at 0.9 ± 0.4 Sv (106 m3 s‐1). This rate was used to derive the mass flux for TEIs that were enriched in the TPD, revealing the importance of lateral transport in supplying materials beneath the ice to the central Arctic Ocean and potentially to the North Atlantic Ocean via Fram Strait. Continued intensification of the Arctic hydrologic cycle and permafrost degradation will likely lead to an increase in the flux of TEIs into the Arctic Ocean.
Published: 2020

5. Erratum to 'Quantifying Cyanothece growth under DIC limitation' [Comput. Struct. Biotechnol. J. 19 (2021) 6456–6464]

Author: Inomura, K, Masuda, T, Eichner, M, Rabouille, S, Zavřel, T, Červený, J, Vancová, M, Bernát, G, Armin, G, Claquin, P, Kotabová, E, Stephan, S, Suggett, DJ, Deutsch, C, Prášil, O, University of Rhode Island (URI), Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague, Czech Republic] (MBU / CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Laboratoire d'océanographie de Villefranche (LOV), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de la Mer de Villefranche (IMEV), Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Global Change Research Centre (CzechGlobe), Masaryk University [Brno] (MUNI), Institute of Parasitology [České Budějovice] (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences (BIOLOGY CENTRE CAS), Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS)-Czech Academy of Sciences [Prague] (CAS), Biologie des Organismes et Ecosystèmes Aquatiques (BOREA), Université de Caen Normandie (UNICAEN), Normandie Université (NU)-Normandie Université (NU)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université des Antilles (UA), Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: Structural Biology, Genetics, Biophysics, 0103 Numerical and Computational Mathematics, 0802 Computation Theory and Mathematics, Biochemistry, TP248.13-248.65, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Computer Science Applications, Biotechnology
Abstract: [This corrects the article DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.11.036.].
Published: 2022

6. Dissolved rare earth elements distribution in the Solomon Sea

Author: Cyril Germineaud, Stephanie Jacquet, Catherine Jeandel, Viet-Quoc Pham, Sophie Cravatte, Mélanie Grenier, Moustafa Belhadj, Susanna Michael, Y. Nachez, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Hanoi University of Science and Technology (HUST), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut des Géosciences de l’Environnement (IGE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019]), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP )-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes [2016-2019] (UGA [2016-2019])
Subjects: Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Geotraces, Rare earth, Geochemistry, Weathering, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Lithogenic inputs, Geochemistry and Petrology, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Coral sea, Solomon Sea, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Basalt, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Anomaly (natural sciences), Geology, GEOTRACES, Volcano, 13. Climate action, Coral Sea, Dissolved rare Earth Element distribution
Abstract: Trace Elements and Isotopes (TEIs) were measured as part of the GEOTRACES PANDORA cruise (July-August 2012, R/V L'Atalante), among them Rare Earth Elements (REEs) as pertinent tracers of land-ocean inputs and water mass transformations. This work discusses results of 19 dissolved REE (dREE) profiles measured using a trispike method in the Coral Sea and inside and at the exits of the Solomon Sea, a semi-enclosed sea with complex topography and straits. Overall, dREEs -except the insoluble Ce- show nutrient like profiles, i.e. depleted at the surface and enriched at depth. Illustrative Nd concentrations range from similar to 5 pmol/kg at the surface to > 25 pmol/kg at 5000 m depth. However, local dREE enrichments are observed, mostly in the Straits (Indispensable, Solomon and Vitiaz Straits) and along the island coasts. A box model allows calculating and discussing the fate of the dREEs in the different water layers flowing through the Solomon Sea. Finally, subtle variations revealed by La, Ce, Eu anomalies and the normalized light versus heavy REE ratio (expressed as Nd-n/Yb-n) allows the identification of specific mechanisms affecting the distribution of the different dREEs. The positive Eu anomaly observed in the surface layers reflects the basaltic origin of external inputs, consistent with the intensive weathering and/or volcanic activity affecting the surrounding islands. These data also confirm that the distributions of heavy dREEs (like Yb) are better correlated to the dSi concentrations than that of the other REEs. This article is part of a special issue entitled: "Cycles of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean - GEOT-RACES and beyond" - edited by Tim M. Conway, Tristan Homer, Yves Plancherel, and Aridane G. Gonzalez.
Published: 2019

7. Single‐base methylome profiling of the giant kelp Saccharina japonica reveals significant differences in DNA methylation to microalgae and plants

Author: Chang Li, Michelle Joyce Slade Kaczurowski, Linhong Teng, Wentao Han, Naihao Ye, Dong Xu, Peng Jiang, Yitao Wang, Leila Tirichine, Xin Lin, Matteo Pellegrini, Xiao Fan, Chunhui Wu, Thomas Mock, Xiaowen Zhang, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST), Department of Molecular, Cell, and Developmental Biology, University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California, Heilongjiang Academy of Land Reclamation Sciences, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Methyltransferase, Physiology, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Plant Science, MeDIP-seq, Saccharina japonica, life‐cycle stages, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, BS‐PCR, Gene Expression Regulation, Plant, Microalgae, Promoter Regions, Genetic, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, Gametophyte, WGBS‐seq, Genome, DNA methylation, Full Paper, biology, Methylation, Full Papers, Plants, Biological Sciences, O-Demethylating, Oxidoreductases, Genome, Plant, Oxidoreductases, O-Demethylating, Heterozygote, Evolution, Plant Biology & Botany, MeDIP‐seq, brown algae, Chromosomes, Plant, Chromosomes, Evolution, Molecular, Promoter Regions, 03 medical and health sciences, Cytosine, BS-PCR, Genetic, Gene, TRNA methylation, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Research, WGBS-seq, Human Genome, Molecular, DNMT2, life-cycle stages, Plant, Methyltransferases, biology.organism_classification, 030104 developmental biology, Kelp, chemistry, Gene Expression Regulation, gene expression, Transcriptome, DNA, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Brown algae have convergently evolved plant-like body plans and reproductive cycles, which in plants are controlled by differential DNA methylation. This contribution provides the first single-base methylome profiles of haploid gametophytes and diploid sporophytes of a multicellular alga. Although only c. 1.4% of cytosines in Saccharina japonica were methylated mainly at CHH sites and characterized by 5-methylcytosine (5mC), there were significant differences between life-cycle stages. DNA methyltransferase 2 (DNMT2), known to efficiently catalyze tRNA methylation, is assumed to methylate the genome of S.japonica in the structural context of tRNAs as the genome does not encode any other DNA methyltransferases. Circular and long noncoding RNA genes were the most strongly methylated regulatory elements in S.japonica. Differential expression of genes was negatively correlated with DNA methylation with the highest methylation levels measured in both haploid gametophytes. Hypomethylated and highly expressed genes in diploid sporophytes included genes involved in morphogenesis and halogen metabolism. The data herein provide evidence that cytosine methylation, although occurring at a low level, is significantly contributing to the formation of different life-cycle stages, tissue differentiation and metabolism in brown algae.
Published: 2019

8. Oligogenic Effects of 16p11.2 Copy-Number Variation on Craniofacial Development

Author: Erica E. Davis, Omar Shanta, Curtis K. Deutsch, Yann Herault, Jonathan Sebat, Shawn Cho, Claire Chevalier, Christina Corsello, Nicholas Katsanis, Sandra Martin Lorenzo, Pang Timothy, Ellen Richardson, Yuqi Qiu, Hongying Li, Oanh Hong, Lilia M. Iakoucheva, Karen Messer, Shih C. Tang, Thomas Arbogast, Centre de Recherche en Acquisition et Traitement de l'Image pour la Santé (CREATIS), Université Jean Monnet [Saint-Étienne] (UJM)-Hospices Civils de Lyon (HCL)-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire (IGBMC), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Strasbourg (UNISTRA), Autism and Communicative Disorders Centre, University of Michigan [Ann Arbor], University of Michigan System-University of Michigan System, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Center for Human Disease Modeling, and Duke University [Durham]
Subjects: 0301 basic medicine, Head size, Male, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species, Medical Physiology, Chromosome Disorders, Craniofacial Abnormalities, 0302 clinical medicine, Gene duplication, 2.1 Biological and endogenous factors, Copy-number variation, Aetiology, Zebrafish, lcsh:QH301-705.5, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Genetics, Pediatric, biology, Phenotype, Mental Health, Female, Chromosome Deletion, Human, Biotechnology, DNA Copy Number Variations, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, Chromosomes, Article, 03 medical and health sciences, Clinical Research, Intellectual Disability, Humans, Craniofacial, Dental/Oral and Craniofacial Disease, Autistic Disorder, Model organism, Gene, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, ved/biology, Pair 16, Human Genome, biology.organism_classification, Brain Disorders, 030104 developmental biology, lcsh:Biology (General), Congenital Structural Anomalies, Biochemistry and Cell Biology, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, Chromosomes, Human, Pair 16
Abstract: SUMMARY A copy-number variant (CNV) of 16p11.2 encompassing 30 genes is associated with developmental and psychiatric disorders, head size, and body mass. The genetic mechanisms that underlie these associations are not understood. To determine the influence of 16p11.2 genes on development, we investigated the effects of CNV on craniofacial structure in humans and model organisms. We show that deletion and duplication of 16p11.2 have “mirror” effects on specific craniofacial features that are conserved between human and rodent models of the CNV. By testing dosage effects of individual genes on the shape of the mandible in zebrafish, we identify seven genes with significant effects individually and find evidence for others when genes were tested in combination. The craniofacial phenotypes of 16p11.2 CNVs represent a model for studying the effects of genes on development, and our results suggest that the associated facial gestalts are attributable to the combined effects of multiple genes., Graphical Abstract, In Brief Using 3D morphometric imaging, Qiu et al. demonstrate that large copy-number variants (CNVs) of 16p11.2 have significant effects on craniofacial structure that are conserved in humans and model organisms, and they demonstrate that these craniofacial phenotypes are attributable to the dosage effects of multiple genes within the CNV region.
Published: 2019

9. Upward transport of bottom-ice dimethyl sulfide during advanced melting of arctic first-year sea ice

Author: Gourdal, Margaux, Crabeck, Odile, Lizotte, Martine, Galindo, Virginie, Gosselin, Michel, Babin, Marcel, Scarratt, Michael, Levasseur, Maurice, Deming, Jody, Arrigo, Kevin, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Earth System Science [Stanford] (ESS), Stanford EARTH, Stanford University-Stanford University, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Earth's energy budget, Atmospheric Science, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Sea ice, Gas exchanges, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, Biogenic gas fluxes, 01 natural sciences, Atmosphere, chemistry.chemical_compound, Arctic, Brining, 14. Life underwater, DMS, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Dimethyl sulfide, Thermohaline circulation, Bay
Abstract: This paper presents the first empirical estimates of dimethyl sulfide (DMS) gas fluxes across permeable sea ice in the Arctic. DMS is known to act as a major potential source of aerosols that strongly influence the Earth’s radiative balance in remote marine regions during the ice-free season. Results from a sampling campaign, undertaken in 2015 between June 2 and June 28 in the ice-covered Western Baffin Bay, revealed the presence of high algal biomass in the bottom 0.1-m section of sea ice (21 to 380 µg Chl a L–1) combined with the presence of high DMS concentrations (212–840 nmol L–1). While ice algae acted as local sources of DMS in bottom sea ice, thermohaline changes within the brine network, from gravity drainage to vertical stabilization, exerted strong control on the distribution of DMS within the interior of the ice. We estimated both the mean DMS molecular diffusion coefficient in brine (5.2 × 10–5 cm2 s–1 ± 51% relative S.D., n = 10) and the mean bulk transport coefficient within sea ice (33 × 10–5 cm2 s–1 ± 41% relative S.D., n = 10). The estimated DMS fluxes ± S.D. from the bottom ice to the atmosphere ranged between 0.47 ± 0.08 µmol m–2 d–1 (n = 5, diffusion) and 0.40 ± 0.15 µmol m–2 d–1 (n = 5, bulk transport) during the vertically stable phase. These fluxes fall within the lower range of direct summer sea-to-air DMS fluxes reported in the Arctic. Our results indicate that upward transport of DMS, from the algal-rich bottom of first-year sea ice through the permeable sea ice, may represent an important pathway for this biogenic gas toward the atmosphere in ice-covered oceans in spring and summer.
Published: 2019

10. The 3-D Velocity Models and Seismicity Highlight Forearc Deformation Due to Subducting Features (Central Vanuatu)

Author: Esline Garaebiti, Océane Foix, Marc Régnier, Wayne C Crawford, C. Baillard, Ivan Koulakov, Bernard Pelletier, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics, School of Oceanography University of Washington, Géoazur (GEOAZUR 7329), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Nouméa, Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), The Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (IPGG SB RAS), Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences (SB RAS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015 - 2019) (COMUE UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud]), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Trofimuk Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics of the Siberian Branch of the RAS (IPGG SB RAS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Institute of Petroleum Geology and Geophysics SB RAS (IPGG SB RAS), Russian Academy of Sciences [Moscow] (RAS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [France-Sud])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, and Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)
Subjects: passive tomography, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Seamount, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, earthquake locations, Induced seismicity, Fault (geology), 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), forearc deformation, Forearc, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Subduction, New Hebrides, Crust, Geophysics, Space and Planetary Science, Ridge, Trench, subduction, Geology, Seismology, seismogenic zone
Abstract: International audience; The central Vanuatu forearc is characterized by a reduced convergence rate at the trench, significant uplift of the overriding plate, and the presence of large forearc islands. Volcanic activity and intermediate‐depth seismicity behind the forearc are among the highest on Earth. These features are presumed to be associated with the subduction of a large seamount chain and an immersed ridge. We used a catalog of P and S arrivals from a local seismological network to construct the first 3‐D velocity model of the region and to relocate earthquakes beneath the forearc. The 3‐D model reveals a highly heterogeneous velocity distribution in the first 40 km beneath the surface. Trench‐parallel low P and S velocity zones in the upper tens of kilometers beneath the western edges of the two largest forearc islands correlate to the major features entering into subduction and suggest highly fractured and probably water‐infiltrated features. Trench‐parallel high‐velocity zones at 5–15‐km depth, further to the east, may be part of a continuous consolidated rock structure that acts as a backstop. Thick overriding plate crust (29 ± 3 km) in the forearc is consistent with the presence of continental remnants. The earthquake distribution is generally heterogeneous, suggesting a complex fault structure and variable stress. Earthquakes are, however, well aligned at the plate interface in between the subducting features, where they constrain the angle of subduction to be 15° on average, down to 10–15‐km depth.
Published: 2019

11. Sources and selection of snow-specific microbial communities in a Greenlandic sea ice snow cover

Author: Maccario, Lorrie, Carpenter, Shelly, Deming, Jody, Vogel, Timothy, Larose, Catherine, Ampère, Département Bioingénierie (BioIng), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), University of Copenhagen = Københavns Universitet (KU), School of Oceanography [Seattle], and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], lcsh:R, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:Medicine, lcsh:Q, lcsh:Science, human activities
Abstract: International audience; Sea ice and its snow cover are critical for global processes including climate regulation and biogeochemical cycles. Despite an increase in studies focused on snow microorganisms, the ecology of snow inhabitants remains unclear. In this study, we investigated sources and selection of a snowpackspecific microbial community by comparing metagenomes from samples collected in a Greenlandic fjord within a vertical profile including atmosphere, snowpack with four distinct layers of snow, sea ice brine and seawater. Microbial communities in all snow layers derived from mixed sources, both marine and terrestrial, and were more similar to atmospheric communities than to sea ice or seawater communities. The surface snow metagenomes were characterized by the occurrence of genes involved in photochemical stress resistance, primary production and metabolism of diverse carbon sources. The basal saline snow layer that was in direct contact with the sea ice surface harbored a higher abundance of cells than the overlying snow layers, with a predominance of Alteromonadales and a higher relative abundance of marine representatives. However, the overall taxonomic structure of the saline layer was more similar to that of other snow layers and the atmosphere than to underlying sea ice and seawater. The expulsion of relatively nutrient-rich sea ice brine into basal snow might have stimulated the growth of copiotrophic psychro-and halotolerant snow members. Our study indicates that the size, composition and function of snowpack microbial communities over sea ice were influenced primarily by atmospheric deposition and inflow of sea ice brine and that they form a snow-specific assemblage reflecting the particular environmental conditions of the snowpack habitat.
Published: 2019

12. Exploring errors in paleoclimate proxy reconstructions using Monte Carlo simulations: paleotemperature from mollusk and coral geochemistry

Author: Matthieu Carré, John M. Wallace, Charly Favier, Julian P. Sachs, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Atmospheric Sciences [Seattle], and Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, lcsh:Environmental protection, Stratigraphy, Monte Carlo method, Geochemistry, Climate change, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Proxy (climate), Physics::Geophysics, lcsh:Environmental pollution, Paleoclimatology, lcsh:TD169-171.8, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, lcsh:Environmental sciences, Physics::Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, Tropical pacific, Global and Planetary Change, Paleontology, Standard error, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], 13. Climate action, Sample size determination, Climatology, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, lcsh:TD172-193.5, Environmental science, Climate model
Abstract: Reconstructions of the past climate from proxy records involve a wide range of uncertainties at every step of the process. These uncertainties and the subsequent error bar in the reconstruction of a paleoclimatic variable need to be understood and quantified in order to properly interpret the reconstructed variability and to perform meaningful comparisons with climate model outputs. Classic proxy calibration-validation techniques are not well-suited for identifying the causes of reconstruction errors, estimating their relative contribution, or understanding how errors accumulate from a multitude of sources. In this study, we focus on high resolution proxy records based on calcium carbonate geochemistry of sessile organisms such as mollusks, corals, or sclerosponges, and propose an approach based on Monte Carlo simulations with simple numerical surrogate proxies. A freely available algorithm (MoCo, http://www.isem.cnrs.fr/spip.php?rubrique472) is provided for estimating systematic and standard errors of mean temperature, seasonality and variance reconstructed from marine accretionary archive geochemistry. This algorithm is then used for sensitivity experiments in a case study to characterize and quantitatively evaluate the sensitivity of systematic and standard errors to sampling randomness, stochastic uncertainty sources and systematic proxy limitations. The results of the experiments yield an illustrative example of the range of variations that climate reconstruction errors may undergo, and bring to light their complexity. One of the main improvements of this method is the identification and estimation of systematic bias that would not otherwise be detected. It thus offers the possibility of correcting the proxy-based climate from these biases for a more accurate reconstruction. Beyond the findings of error sources for coral and mollusk-based reconstructions, our study demonstrates that numerical simulations based on Monte Carlo analyses are a simple and powerful approach to improve the proxy calibration process. A thourough understanding of the proxy record errors is essential for the interpretation of paleoclimate records from proxies derived from accretionary skeleton geochemistry. The error estimates provided by MoCo are much more comprehensive and therefore closer to reality than error estimates provided by typical calibration studies.
Published: 2018

13. Tracking subducted ridges through intermediate-depth seismicity in the Vanuatu subduction zone

Author: Valérie Ballu, Esline Garaebiti, C. Baillard, Bernard Pelletier, Wayne C Crawford, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMR 7266 (LIENSs), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie]), Vanuatu Meteorological and Gehazards Department, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés - UMRi 7266 (LIENSs), Institut de recherche pour le développement (IRD), Nouméa, Vanuatu Meteorology and Geohazards Department, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPG Paris)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), LIttoral ENvironnement et Sociétés (LIENSs), and La Rochelle Université (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Seismic gap, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Subduction, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Window (geology), Geology, Crust, Induced seismicity, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Ridge, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Archipelago, Slab, Seismology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The distribution of intermediate-depth seismicity beneath the Vanuatu archipelago (South Pacific Ocean) includes several seismic clusters/alignments and gaps, including a remarkable 200 × 150 km gap beneath central Vanuatu. We show that a zone of enhanced seismicity beneath this gap corresponds to the most likely trace of the subducted D’Entrecasteaux 12 ̊S Ridge (DER), and that another region of aligned seismicity to the south may correspond to another signicant, now-disappeared ridge. We suggest that regions of aligned intermediate- depth seismicity beneath Vanuatu are traces of subducted oceanic features on the downgoing 14 ̊S plate, probably caused by enhanced hydration beneath them prior to subduction. The seismic gap above the DER trace, previously interpreted as a tear in the slab, may instead be a region of reduced hydration due to thick/unfractured input crust, low bending of this crust before subduction, and/or greater slab residence time at shallower subducted depths, the latter two being directly related to DER collision. We propose that an uneven distribution of intermediate-depth seismicity at subduction zones may provide a window to the history and effects of subducted oceanic features.
Published: 2018

14. Comparative biogeochemistry–ecosystem–human interactions on dynamic continental margins

Author: Wajih Naqvi, Olivier Ragueneau, Michele Giani, Sumei Liu, Zouhair Lachkar, Curtis Deutsch, Kay-Christian Emeis, Karen F. Wishner, Denise L. Breitburg, Enrique Montes, James E. Cloern, Karin E. Limburg, Lisa A. Levin, Kon-Kee Liu, Anne Goffart, Christophe Rabouille, Eileen E. Hofmann, Dennis P. Swaney, Paul Wassman, Santosh Kumar Sarkar, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), National Central University [Taiwan] (NCU), Institut für Küstenforschung / Institute of Coastal Research, Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht (GKSS), Smithsonian Environmental Research Center, Smithsonian Institution, US Geological Survey [Menlo Park], United States Geological Survey [Reston] (USGS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e di Oceanografia Sperimentale (OGS), Université de Liège, Station de Recherche Océanographiques et sous-marines (STARESO ), Stareso, Pointe Revellata, BP 33, 20260 Calvi, France, Center for Coastal Physical Oceanography (CCPO), Old Dominion University [Norfolk] (ODU), Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics [ETH Zürich] (IBP), Department of Environmental Systems Science [ETH Zürich] (D-USYS), Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich)- Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule - Swiss Federal Institute of Technology [Zürich] (ETH Zürich), SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry (SUNY-ESF), State University of New York (SUNY), Ocean University of China (OUC), College of Marine Science [St Petersburg, FL], University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), CSIR National Institute of Oceanography [India] (NIO), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Océan et Interfaces (OCEANIS), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Calcutta, Cornell University [New York], University of Tromsø (UiT), University of Rhode Island (URI), European Project: 287600,EC:FP7:ENV,FP7-OCEAN-2011,PERSEUS(2012), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California-University of California, Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: Biogeochemical cycle, Time series, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biodiversity, Climate change, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Anthropogenic factors, Ecosystem services, Arctic, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, Continental margin, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Ecosystem, North Pacific, 14. Life underwater, skin and connective tissue diseases, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Ecology, ACL, Climate oscillation, Continental margins, North Atlantic, Coastal biogeochemistry, Biogeochemistry, Eutrophication, 15. Life on land, Europe, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, sense organs
Abstract: International audience; The oceans' continental margins face strong and rapid change, forced by a combination of direct human activity, anthropogenic CO2-induced climate change, and natural variability. Stimulated by discussions in Goa, India at the IMBER IMBIZO III, we (1) provide an overview of the drivers of biogeochemical variation and change on margins, (2) compare temporal trends in hydrographic and biogeochemical data across different margins, (3) review ecosystem responses to these changes, (4) highlight the importance of margin time series for detecting and attributing change and (5) examine societal responses to changing margin biogeochemistry and ecosystems. We synthesize information over a wide range of margin settings in order to identify the commonalities and distinctions among continental margin ecosystems. Key drivers of biogeochemical variation include long-term climate cycles, CO2-induced warming, acidification, and deoxygenation, as well as sea level rise, eutrophication, hydrologic and water cycle alteration, changing land use, fishing, and species invasion. Ecosystem responses are complex and impact major margin services. These include primary production, fisheries production, nutrient cycling, shoreline protection, chemical buffering, and biodiversity. Despite regional differences, the societal consequences of these changes are unarguably large and mandate coherent actions to reduce, mitigate and adapt to multiple stressors on continental margins.
Published: 2015

15. Risk for Major Bleeding in Patients Receiving Ticagrelor Compared With Aspirin After Transient Ischemic Attack or Acute Ischemic Stroke in the SOCRATES Study (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes)

Author: J. Donald Easton, Maria Aunes, Gregory W. Albers, Pierre Amarenco, Sara Bokelund-Singh, Hans Denison, Scott R. Evans, Peter Held, Marianne Jahreskog, Jenny Jonasson, Kazuo Minematsu, Carlos A. Molina, Yongjun Wang, K.S. Lawrence Wong, S. Claiborne Johnston, Sebastiá F. Ameriso, Geoffrey Donnan, Robin Lemmens, Ayrton Massaro, Ekaterina Titianova, Michael D. Hill, Pablo Lavados, David Skoloudik, Joachim Röther, Szegedi Norbert, Giancarlo Agnelli, Natan Bornstein, Norio Tanahashi, Angel Arauz Góngora, Edwin Pretell, Maria Cristina Z. San Jose, Anna Czlonkowska, Ovidiu Bajenaru, Ludmila Stakhovskaya, Miroslav Brozman, Jong-Sung Kim, Nils Wahlgren, Patrik Michel, Tsong Hai Lee, Nijasri Charnnarong Suwanwela, Kursad Kutluk, Sergii Moskovko, Scott Kasner, Daniel Laskowitz, Wayne Clark, Huy Thang Nguyen, Sebastian Ameriso, Sandra Lepera, Marina Romano, David Paulon, Pablo Ioli, Cristina Zurru, Guadalupe Bruera, Lorena Jure, Francisco Klein, Guillermo Povedano, Christopher Levi, Thanh Phan, Romesh Markus, Craig Anderson, Arman Sabet, Stephen Davis, Andrew Lee, Timothy Kleinig, Andrew Wong, Martin Krause, Jim Jannes, Tissa Wijeratne, Dimitri Hemelsoet, André Peeters, Philippe Tack, Peter Vanacker, Patrice Laloux, William Van Landegem, Geert Vanhooren, Philippe Desfontaines, Marc Van Orshoven, Fabio Oliveira, Mauricio Friedrich, Rosane Brondani, Rubens Gagliardi, Soraia Fabio, Marianna Dracoulakis, Rodrigo Bazan, Luiz Marrone, Octavio Pontes Neto, Gisele Silva, Pedro Kowacs, Paraskeva Stamenova, Marin Daskalov, Ivan Staikov, Dimo Baldaranov, Dimitar Maslarov, Hristo Lilovski, Plamen Petkov, Neli Petrova, Radoslav Mavrov, Veska Markova, Valeria Petrova, Tanya Beleva, Borislav Kralev, Nikolay Sotirov, Veska Lekova, Dimcho Hristov, Vera Ermenkova, Lyudmil Mateev, Rumeliya Mitkova, Liybomir Haralanov, Rosen Ikonomov, Margarita Mihailova, Ivan Georgiev, Ashfaq Shuaib, Vladimir Hachinski, Jean-Martin Boulanger, Sharan Mann, Ayman Hassan, Ariane Mackey, Bijoy Menon, Jeffrey Minuk, Muzaffar Siddiqui, Marsha Eustace, Lucia Vieira, Daniel Selchen, Michel Beaudry, Grant Stotts, Angel Castro, Kristo Gasic, Rodrigo Rivas, Pablo Sanchez, Andres Roldan, Ingrid Grossmann, Christian Figueroa, Jimei Li, Xiaolin Xu, Huisheng Chen, Xiaohong Li, Yi Yang, Chunsheng Zhang, Baojun Wang, Guanglai Li, Dong Wang, Hong Lin, Yamei Tang, Anding Xu, Yanjiang Wang, Wenke Hong, Zhi Song, Xu Zhang, Xiaoping Jin, Yun Xu, Fuling Yan, Weihong Zheng, Xiaoping Wang, Qiang Dong, Zhongxin Zhao, Baorong Zhang, Wangtao Zhong, Guoqiang Wen, Jun Xu, Guozhong Li, Xueshuang Dong, Xiangyang Tian, Zhaohui Zhang, En Xu, Kaixiang Liu, Jun Chen, Ondrej Skoda, Edvard Ehler, Daniel Vaclavik, Daniel Sanak, Sylva Klimosova, Eva Vitkova, Jan Fiksa, Robert Mikulik, Jiri Neumann, Richard Plny, Didier Leys, Igor Sibon, Jean-Louis Mas, Sonia Alamowitch, Fernando Pico, Hassan Hosseini, Marie-Hélène Mahagne, Emmanuel Touze, Wilfried Vadot, Stéphane Vannier, Norbert Nighoghossian, Yves Samson, Pierre Garnier, Emmanuel Ellie, Benoît Guillon, Serge Timsit, Maurice Giroud, Frédéric Philippeau, Aude Bagan-Triquenot, Valérie Wolff, Nicolas Raposo, Michel Obadia, Severine Debiais, Jérôme Grimaud, Stéphane Illouz, Didier Smadja, Cédric Urbanczyk, Jörg Berrouschot, Christian Weimar, Georg Gahn, Hassan Soda, Sven Klimpe, Darius Nabavi, Jörg Glahn, Martin Köhrmann, Lars Krause, Christoph Terborg, Peter Urban, Thorsten Steiner, Andreas Ferbert, Rainer Dziewas, Günter Seidel, Götz Thomalla, Richard Li, Wing Chi Fong, Raymond Cheung, Norbert Szegedi, Krisztián Pozsegovits, Attila Valikovics, Gyula Pánczél, Csilla Rózsa, László Németh, Péter Diószeghy, Csaba Óváry, Attila Csányi, Levente Kerényi, Valéria Nagy, Sámuel Komoly, Dániel Bereczki, Sándor Molnár, István Kondákor, David Tanne, Guy Raphaeli, Gregory Telman, Ronen Leker, Yair Lampl, Francesco Corea, Stefano Ricci, Donata Guidetti, Giovanni Malferrari, Simona Marcheselli, Giuseppe Micieli, Andrea Zini, Vincenzo Di Lazzaro, Carlo Gandolfo, Andrea Salmaggi, Rossana Tassi, Maurizia Rasura, Giovanni Orlandi, Giancarlo Comi, Michelangelo Mancuso, Marialuisa Delodovici, Paolo Bovi, Domenico Consoli, Kimiaki Utsugisawa, Tsuneo Fujita, Hideyuki Kurihara, Chikashi Maruki, Takeshi Hayashi, Tsuneaki Ogiichi, Morio Kumagai, Katsunobu Takenaka, Kazunori Toyoda, Kazuhiro Takamatsu, Ryo Ogami, Shigenari Kin, Takeshi Aoki, Katsumi Takizawa, Shigehiro Omori, Takehiko Umezawa, Yasuyuki Toba, Yutaka Nonoyama, Hidemitsu Nakagawa, Takashi Naka, Masanori Morimoto, Shuichi Matsumoto, Tsutomu Hitotsumatsu, Tatsuya Shingaki, Satoshi Okuda, Mamoru Ota, Nobuyuki Sakai, Takeshi Yamada, Jun Niwa, Hitoshi Fujita, Akihito Moriki, Kimihiro Yoshino, Yoshihisa Fukushima, Takahisa Mori, Atsushi Sato, Yoshikazu Kusano, Michiya Kubo, Masashi Yamazaki, Takao Ooasa, Takafumi Nishizaki, Naoki Kitagawa, Masahiro Yasaka, Yasuhiro Manabe, Akira Yoshioka, Masayuki Ishihara, Takato Kagawa, Toshikazu Ichihashi, Hideki Matsuoka, Yasuhiro Ito, Masahiro Yamasaki, Hitonori Takaba, Hisatoshi Saito, Masahiro Sato, Kazumasa Fukuda, Sumio Endo, Minoru Kidooka, Toshitaka Umemura, Yuriko Kikkawa, Shuta Toru, Kentaro Yamada, Hideki Sakai, Jun Asari, Masayuki Ezura, Hisashi Nitta, Keiko Nagano, Jun Ochiai, Keiichi Sakai, Yasutaka Kobayashi, Yasuhiro Yoshii, Hirotomo Miake, Tomohiro Takita, Hidekazu Taniguchi, Kazuhiko Kuroki, Takamitsu Mizota, Kenichi Yamamoto, Hiroshi Nakane, Takeshi Iwanaga, Kei Chiba, Tetsuyuki Yoshimoto, Tsuyoshi Torii, Takeo Kitagawa, Hiroshi Takashima, Naoki Shirasaki, Makoto Dehara, Naomichi Wada, Kensuke Hamada, Noriyuki Kato, Yoshinori Go, Ichiro Izumi, Hirotomo Ninomiya, Junichiro Kumai, Yoshikazu Nakajima, Yasuhiko Kaku, Yukihiro Isayama, Masahiro Kawanishi, Shinya Noda, Kazuhide Yamamoto, Takanori Hazama, Hiroshi Takahashi, Yohei Tanaka, Takashi Hata, Kiyoshi Kazekawa, Eisuke Furui, Hideki Hondo, Nobuyuki Sato, Katsusuke Kusunoki, Kazunori Nanri, Satoshi Abe, Noboru Sasaoka, Takayuki Kuroyanagi, Hisahiko Suzuki, Kouzou Fukuyama, Kimihiro Nakahara, Fernando Gongora, Carlos Cantú Brito, Jorge Villarreal Careaga, Rosalia Vazquez Alfaro, Geronimo Aguayo Leytte, Percy Berrospi, Carlos Chavez, Liliana Rodriguez, Nilton Custodio, Cesar Castañeda, Julio Perez, Maria Cristina San Jose, Alejandro Baroque, Epifania Collantes, Abdias Aquino, Alejandro Díaz, Artemio Roxas, Johnny Lokin, Joel Advincula, Emerito Calderon, Jose Navarro, John Hiyadan, Arturo Surdilla, Danuta Ryglewicz, Grzegorz Krychowiak, Waldemar Fryze, Piotr Sobolewski, Ryszard Nowak, Urszula Fiszer, Beata Papierowska, Justyna Zielińska-Turek, Anetta Lasek-Bal, Ewa Kołodziejska, Anna Kamińska, Bożena Adamkiewicz, Andrzej Tutaj, Dorota Szkopek, Krzysztof Musiatowicz, Zbigniew Bąk, Sławomir Brzozowski, Waldemar Brola, Antoni Ferens, Marek Zalisz, Konrad Rejdak, Monika Rudzińska, Cristina Panea, Mihaela Simu, Rodica Balasa, Iulian Cuciureanu, Bogdan Popescu, Monica Sabau, Corina Roman-Filip, Leonid Pimenov, Alla Gekht, Anna Milto, Ivan Shchukin, Vladimir Parfenov, Liudmila Stakhovskaya, Mikhail Arkhipov, Nadezhda Sokolova, Enver Bogdanov, Radiy Esin, Dina Khasanova, Konstantin Golikov, Elena Melnikova, Leonid Zaslavskiy, Igor Voznyuk, Alexander Nazarov, Leila Akhmadeeva, Aida Iakupova, Nikolay Shamalov, Galina Belskaya, Svetlana Chuprina, Olga Denisova, Ekaterina Drozdova, Yuliya Karakulova, Ilya Sholomov, Nikolay Spirin, Elena Vostrikova, Elena Mordvintseva, Vera Grigoryeva, Dmitry Zateyshchikov, Vladimir Gorbachev, Zhanna Chefranova, Mikhail Dudarev, Rostislav Nilk, Alexey Rozhdestvenskiy, Ladislav Gurcik, Miloslav Dvorak, Georgi Krastev, Egon Kurca, Juraj Vyletelka, Jong Sung Kim, Hee-Joon Bae, Yong-Won Kim, Joon-Tae Kim, Jae-Kwan Cha, Hyo Suk Nam, Dae-Il Chang, Yong-Seok Lee, Kyungmi Oh, Sung-Wook Yu, Sung-Il Sohn, Jun Lee, Han Jin Cho, Eung-Gyu Kim, Joung-Ho Rha, Seo Hyun Kim, Carlos Molina Cateriano, Joaquín Serena Leal, José Vivancos Mora, Manuel Rodríguez Yañez, Jaume Roquer González, Francisco Purroy García, Meritxell Gomis Cortina, Jaime Masjuan Vallejo, Juan Arenillas Lara, Tomás Segura Martín, José Antonio Egido Herrero, Jose Ignacio Tembl Ferrairó, Jaime Gállego Culleré, Francisco Moniche Álvarez, Anna Steinberg, Margarita Callander, Ann Charlotte Laska, Lena Bokemark, Thomas Mooe, Tor-Björn Käll, Lennart Welin, Lars Sjöblom, Joakim Hambraeus, Jörg Teichert, Hans Wannberg, Johan Sanner, Bo Ramströmer, Bo Ziedén, Stefan Olsson Hau, Claes Gustafsson, Timo Kahles, Philippe Lyrer, Marcel Arnold, Martin Liesch, Friedrich Medlin, Carlo Cereda, Georg Kägi, Andreas Luft, Emmanuel Carrera, Tsong-Hai Lee, Helen L. Po, Chang-Ming Chern, Li-Ming Lien, Lung Chan, Chung-Hsiang Liu, Shey-Lin Wu, Jiann-Der Lee, Chih-Hung Chen, Huey-Juan Lin, Ruey-Tay Lin, Wei-Hsi Chen, Yu Sun, Tasanee Tantirittisak, Sombat Muengtaweepongsa, Yongchai Nilanont, Somsak Tiamkao, Chesda Udommongkol, Kanokwan Watcharasaksilp, Witoon Jantararotai, Hadiye Sirin, Birsen Ince, Talip Asil, Murat Arsava, Tulay Kurt Incesu, Hulya Tireli, Hayriye Kucukoglu, Fikri Ak, Ali Unal, Serefnur Ozturk, Nevzat Uzuner, Galyna Chmyr, Volodymyr Lebedynets, Vadym Nikonov, Lyudmyla Shulga, Volodymyr Smolanka, Marta Khavunka, Valentyna Yavorska, Nataliya Tomakh, Olexandr Kozyolkin, Galyna Litovaltseva, Maarten Lansberg, Richard Bernstein, David Brown, Jonathan Dissin, Carmelo Graffagnino, Jonathan Harris, William Hicks, Irene Katzan, Jeffrey Kramer, Joshua Willey, Scott Silliman, Sidney Starkman, David Thaler, Margaret Tremwel, Mauricio Concha, Kumar Rajamani, Bhuvaneswari Dandapani, Brian Silver, Nathan Deal, Ira Chang, Ameer Hassan, Steven Rudolph, Kenneth Fischer, Howard Kirshner, William Logan, Sidney Mallenbaum, Hebah Hefzy, Julius Latorre, Steven Levine, Anthony Ciabarra, Rima Dafer, Benjamin Anyanwu, Laurel Cherian, Spozhmy Panezai, Anna Khanna, Jodi Dodds, Michel Torbey, James Gebel, Henry Woo, David Chiu, Xiao Androulakis, William Burgin, Maria Pineda, Engin Yilmaz, Irfan Altafullah, Christine Boutwell, Salvador Cruz-Flores, Biggya Sapkota, Pierre Fayad, Michael Jacoby, Shahid Rafiq, Efrain Salgado, Eugene Lafranchise, Warren Felton, Ramesh Madhavan, Osama Zaidat, Connie Pieper, Ralph Riviello, Aaron Burnett, Michelle Fischer, Nina Gentile, Christopher Calder, Dennis Dietrich, Jonathan Cross, Larry Blankenship, Liliana Montoya, Wendell Grogan, Mark Young, Farrukh Khan, Duane Campbell, Nizar Daboul, Andrey Espinoza, Paul Cullis, Gilberto Concepcion, John Wulff, Haider Afzal, Naseem Jaffrani, William Reiter, Tamjeed Arshad, Timothy Lukovits, James Welker, Fen Lei Chang, Aamir Badruddin, Viken Babikian, Ravi Menon, James Sander, Mellanie Springer, Ashish Nanda, Luis Mas, Raj Rajan, Bruce Silverman, David Huang, David Carpenter, Joni Clark, Marilou Ching, Sunitha Santhakumar, Jeffrey Gould, Vibhav Bansal, Gabriel Vidal, Timothy Mikesell, John Brick, William French, Qaisar Shah, Christine Holmstedt, Nadir Ishag-Osman, John Kostis, Abbas Shehadeh, Pramodkumak Sethi, Asher Imam, Carl Mccomas, Duc Tran, Mehari Gebreyohanns, Brian Wiseman, Maheen Malik, Aron Schwarcz, Dorothea Altschul, John Castaldo, Amer Alshekhlee, Stephen Gancher, Nagesh Krish, Mai Nguyen-Huynh, Margaret Tremwell, Jitendra Sharma, Lance Lee, William Neil, Fazeel Siddiqui, Ali Malek, Charles Romero, Thang Nguyen Huy, Hoa Hoang, Thang Nguyen, Anh Nguyen, Hung Nguyen, Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle ( LVTS ), Université Paris 13 ( UP13 ) -Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 ( UPD7 ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), AstraZeneca, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center ( NCCC - OSAKA ), Osaka University [Osaka], Department of Neurology ( Dep Neuro - BEIJING ), Tiantan Hospital, University of Melbourne, Faculty of Mathematics and Statistics, Ton Duc Thang University, Ho Chi Minh City, Heidelberg University, Centre hospitalier de Namur, IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center, IBM, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Department of Clinical Neurological Sciences [London, Canada], University of Western Ontario ( UWO ), Servicio de Neurologia ( SANTIAGO - Neurologie ), Universidad de Santiago de Chile [Santiago] ( USACH ) -Universidad del Desarrollo, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand - Clermont Auvergne ( ICCF ), Sigma CLERMONT ( Sigma CLERMONT ) -Université Clermont Auvergne ( UCA ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Universidad de Talca, Shanghai Second Polytechnic University, Northwest Normal University [Lanzhou], Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University [Jiangsu], Cryogenics Laboratory ( CRYOGENICS LABORATORY ), Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] ( HUST ) -Wuhan University [China], Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology, University of Edinburgh-School of Biological Sciences, Duke university [Durham], Fiber Glass, Glass Business and Discovery Center, PPG Industries, National University of Defense Technology [Changsha], School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Key Laboratory of New Processing Technology for Nonferrous Metals and Materials, Guilin University of Technologie, Laboratoire de Génie Electrique et Ferroélectricité ( LGEF ), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon ( INSA Lyon ), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ) -Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées ( INSA ), Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] ( CHRU Lille ), Université de Bordeaux ( UB ), Service de Pédiatrie, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice ( CHU Nice ) -Hôpital l'Archet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles ( CHV ), Service de neurologie, Hôpital Sainte-Anne, Functional Exploration of Nervous, CHU Grenoble, Service de Neurologie [Rennes], Université de Rennes 1 ( UR1 ), Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Université de Rennes ( UNIV-RENNES ) -Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ( NEMESIS-CRICM ), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière ( CRICM ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 ( UPMC ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institut Français de Mécanique Avancée ( IFMA ), Neurologie - Côte Basque ( NEUROLOGIE ), Hopital, Laboratoire d'Intégration des Systèmes et des Technologies ( LIST ), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Technologique (CEA) ( DRT (CEA) ), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ) -Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives ( CEA ), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) ( GGB ), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière ( IBSAM ), Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Université de Brest ( UBO ) -EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), CIC Brest, Université de Brest ( UBO ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand ( CHU Dijon ), CHU Strasbourg, Imagerie cérébrale et handicaps neurologiques, Institut des sciences du cerveau de Toulouse. ( ISCT ), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ) -CHU Toulouse [Toulouse]-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier ( UPS ), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Toulouse - Jean Jaurès ( UT2J ) -Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale ( INSERM ), Department of Neurology, Asklepios Klinik Altona, Department of Neurology and Stroke Center, Universität Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Department of Neurology, University of Mainz, Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln, University of Erlangen, University Hospital Münster, Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] ( UKE ), PROTOMED, Neurology Department, Ichilov Medical Center, Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine - Stroke Unit ( PERUGIA - ICM-SU ), Università degli Studi di Perugia ( UNIPG ), University Hospital San Raffaele Milan, Scientific Institute and University Ospedale San Raffaele, Dipartimento di Scienze Fisiche, della Terra e dell'Ambiente., Università degli Studi di Siena ( UNISI ), Department of Education, Yamagata University, Nippon Medical School, Catalan Institute of Ornithology (ICO), Museu de Ciències Naturals (Zoologia), Wroclaw University of Science and Technology, Department of neurology, Jagiellonian University [Krakow] ( UJ ), LInguistique et DIdactique des Langues Étrangères et Maternelles ( LIDILEM ), Université Stendhal - Grenoble 3-Université Grenoble Alpes ( UGA ), Metacohorts Consortium, GenXpro GmBH, Lausanne University Hospital, Lausanne university hospital, Northeastern University [Boston], Laboratoire de Recherche Vasculaire Translationnelle (LVTS (UMR_S_1148 / U1148)), Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center (NCCC - OSAKA), Department of Neurology (Dep Neuro - BEIJING), Bulgarian Academy of Sciences (BAS), University of Western Ontario (UWO), Servicio de Neurologia (SANTIAGO - Neurologie), Universidad del Desarrollo, Institut de Chimie de Clermont-Ferrand (ICCF), SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont)-Institut de Chimie du CNRS (INC)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Shanghai Polytechnic University (SSPU), Cryogenics Laboratory (CRYOGENICS LABORATORY), Huazhong University of Science and Technology [Wuhan] (HUST)-Wuhan University [China], Centre for Synthetic and Systems Biology (Ssynthsys), University of Edinburgh, Duke University [Durham], National University of Defense Technology [China], Centre Hospitalier Régional Universitaire [Lille] (CHRU Lille), Université de Bordeaux (UB), Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nice (CHU Nice)-Hôpital l'Archet, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Centre Hospitalier de Versailles André Mignot (CHV), Service de Neurologie [Rennes] = Neurology [Rennes], CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Equipe NEMESIS - Centre de Recherches de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (NEMESIS-CRICM), Centre de Recherche de l'Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (CRICM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Institut Français de Mécanique Avancée (IFMA), Neurologie - Côte Basque (NEUROLOGIE), Centre hospitalier universitaire de Nantes (CHU Nantes), Génétique, génomique fonctionnelle et biotechnologies (UMR 1078) (GGB), Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Université de Brest (UBO)-EFS-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Hôpital de la Cavale Blanche, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Dijon - Hôpital François Mitterrand (CHU Dijon), Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), University Hospital Münster - Universitaetsklinikum Muenster [Germany] (UKM), Universitaetsklinikum Hamburg-Eppendorf = University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf [Hamburg] (UKE), Internal and Cardiovascular Medicine - Stroke Unit (PERUGIA - ICM-SU), Università degli Studi di Perugia (UNIPG), Università degli Studi di Siena = University of Siena (UNISI), Uniwersytet Jagielloński w Krakowie = Jagiellonian University (UJ), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Neurologie - Côte Basque, Centre Hospitalier de la Côte Basque (CHCB), EFS-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Institut Brestois Santé Agro Matière (IBSAM), Université de Brest (UBO), Universität Duisburg-Essen = University of Duisburg-Essen [Essen], Università degli Studi di Perugia = University of Perugia (UNIPG), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Clermont Auvergne [2017-2020] (UCA [2017-2020])-SIGMA Clermont (SIGMA Clermont), Université de Rennes 1 (UR1), Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Université de Rennes (UNIV-RENNES)-Hôpital Pontchaillou-CHU Pontchaillou [Rennes], Jagiellonian University [Krakow] (UJ), Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université Paris 13 (UP13)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Weimar, Christian (Beitragende*r), and Calvez, Ghislaine
Subjects: Male, Risk, Ticagrelor, Adenosine, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], Population, Medizin, Hemorrhage, 030204 cardiovascular system & hematology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Platelet aggregation inhibitors, Physiology (medical), [ SDV.MHEP ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine, Humans, Myocardial infarction, education, Stroke, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, Aged, Aspirin, Ischemic attack, Transient, Female, Ischemic Attack, Transient, Purinergic P2Y Receptor Antagonists, Treatment Outcome, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine, education.field_of_study, [SDV.MHEP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, [ SDV ] Life Sciences [q-bio], Ischemic Attack, business.industry, medicine.disease, Clopidogrel, [SDV] Life Sciences [q-bio], Anesthesia, Platelet aggregation inhibitor, business, 030217 neurology & neurosurgery, TIMI, [SDV.MHEP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Human health and pathology, medicine.drug
Abstract: Background: Patients with minor acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack are at high risk for subsequent stroke, and more potent antiplatelet therapy in the acute setting is needed. However, the potential benefit of more intense antiplatelet therapy must be assessed in relation to the risk for major bleeding. The SOCRATES trial (Acute Stroke or Transient Ischemic Attack Treated With Aspirin or Ticagrelor and Patient Outcomes) was the first trial with ticagrelor in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack in which the efficacy and safety of ticagrelor were compared with those of aspirin. The main safety objective was assessment of PLATO (Platelet Inhibition and Patient Outcomes)–defined major bleeds on treatment, with special focus on intracranial hemorrhage (ICrH). Methods: An independent adjudication committee blinded to study treatment classified bleeds according to the PLATO, TIMI (Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction), and GUSTO (Global Use of Strategies to Open Occluded Coronary Arteries) definitions. The definitions of ICrH and major bleeding excluded cerebral microbleeds and asymptomatic hemorrhagic transformations of cerebral infarctions so that the definitions better discriminated important events in the acute stroke population. Results: A total of 13 130 of 13 199 randomized patients received at least 1 dose of study drug and were included in the safety analysis set. PLATO major bleeds occurred in 31 patients (0.5%) on ticagrelor and 38 patients (0.6%) on aspirin (hazard ratio, 0.83; 95% confidence interval, 0.52–1.34). The most common locations of major bleeds were intracranial and gastrointestinal. ICrH was reported in 12 patients (0.2%) on ticagrelor and 18 patients (0.3%) on aspirin. Thirteen of all 30 ICrHs (4 on ticagrelor and 9 on aspirin) were hemorrhagic strokes, and 4 (2 in each group) were symptomatic hemorrhagic transformations of brain infarctions. The ICrHs were spontaneous in 6 and 13, traumatic in 3 and 3, and procedural in 3 and 2 patients on ticagrelor and aspirin, respectively. In total, 9 fatal bleeds occurred on ticagrelor and 4 on aspirin. The composite of ICrH or fatal bleeding included 15 patients on ticagrelor and 18 on aspirin. Independently of bleeding classification, PLATO, TIMI, or GUSTO, the relative difference between treatments for major/severe bleeds was similar. Nonmajor bleeds were more common on ticagrelor. Conclusions: Antiplatelet therapy with ticagrelor in patients with acute ischemic stroke or transient ischemic attack showed a bleeding profile similar to that of aspirin for major bleeds. There were few ICrHs. Clinical Trial Registration: URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov . Unique identifier: NCT01994720.
Published: 2017

16. Evolutionary genomics of the cold-adapted diatom Fragilariopsis cylindrus

Author: Beverley R. Green, Gernot Glöckner, Thomas Mock, Remo Sanges, James A. Raymond, Michael G. Janech, Barbara R. Lyon, Kerrie Barry, Florian Leese, Ansgar Gruber, Joel Martin, Erika Lindquist, Matthew D. Clark, Robert Otillar, Ben J. Ward, Alexandra Z. Worden, Christoph Mayer, Antonio Emidio Fortunato, Micaela S. Parker, Christopher L. Dupont, Maria Immacolata Ferrante, Stephan Frickenhaus, Klaus Valentin, Hadi Quesneville, Vincent Moulton, Rachel Hipkin, Angela Falciatore, Igor V. Grigoriev, Christiane Uhlig, Chris Bowler, Cock van Oosterhout, Ruben E. Valas, Asaf Salamov, Jeremy Schmutz, E. Virginia Armbrust, Andrew E. Allen, Alaguraj Veluchamy, Jan Strauss, Peter G. Kroth, Mark McMullan, Taoyang Wu, Andrew Toseland, Pirita Paajanen, Florian Maumus, School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Joint Genome Institute, United States Department of Energy, Hudson Alpha Institute, Sezione Ecologia Marina Integrata, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, School of Physics [NUI Galway], National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), Infection et inflammation chronique (2I), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Unité de Recherche Génomique Info (URGI), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Technical University of Munich (TUM), Biologie Computationnelle et Quantitative = Laboratory of Computational and Quantitative Biology (LCQB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genomics Institute for Biochemistry I, University of Cologne, University of Innsbruck, Laboratoire Genome Population & Interactions, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-ORSTOM, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Animal Ecology, Evolution and Biodiversity, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Univ Reading, Sch Chem Pharm & Food Biosci, Reading RG6 6AD, Berks, England, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIAR), Université de Montréal [Montréal], Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, University of California [Santa Cruz] (UCSC), University of California, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine [Baltimore], Department of Computer Science, DOE Joint Genome Institute [Walnut Creek], Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Infection et inflammation (2I), Technische Universität Munchen - Université Technique de Munich [Munich, Allemagne] (TUM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Leopold Franzens Universität Innsbruck - University of Innsbruck, Université Montpellier 2 - Sciences et Techniques (UM2)-ORSTOM-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), University of California [Santa Cruz] (UC Santa Cruz), University of California (UC), ERC Advanced Grant ERC-2011-ADG (Diatomite) - Office of Science of the U.S. Department of Energy under Contract No. DE-AC02-05CH11231 - NERC under grants NE/I001751/1, NE/K004530/1, MGF (NBAF) grant 197, The Royal Society grant RG090774 and the Earth & Life Systems Alliance in Norwich, European Project: 294823,EC:FP7:ERC,ERC-2011-ADG_20110310,DIATOMITE(2012), Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut de Biologie Paris Seine (IBPS), and Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 0301 basic medicine, Acclimatization, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], 01 natural sciences, Mutation Rate, Settore BIO/13 - Biologia Applicata, Freezing, Alleles, Carbon Dioxide, Darkness, Diatoms, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Drift, Genome, Ice Cover, Iron, Oceans and Seas, Phylogeny, Recombination, Genetic, Transcriptome, Cold Temperature, Evolution, Molecular, Genomics, Multidisciplinary, biology, Ecology, Biologie, Biotechnology, Genome evolution, Evolution, General Science & Technology, 03 medical and health sciences, Genetic drift, Genetic, Cylindrus, Molecular evolution, ddc:570, Genetics, 14. Life underwater, Genome size, Human Genome, fungi, Molecular, biology.organism_classification, Recombination, 030104 developmental biology, Diatom, Adaptation, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: The Southern Ocean houses a diverse and productive community of organisms. Unicellular eukaryotic diatoms are the main primary producers in this environment, where photosynthesis is limited by low concentrations of dissolved iron and large seasonal fluctuations in light, temperature and the extent of sea ice. How diatoms have adapted to this extreme environment is largely unknown. Here we present insights into the genome evolution of a cold-Adapted diatom from the Southern Ocean, Fragilariopsis cylindrus, based on a comparison with temperate diatoms. We find that approximately 24.7 per cent of the diploid F. cylindrus genome consists of genetic loci with alleles that are highly divergent (15.1 megabases of the total genome size of 61.1 megabases). These divergent alleles were differentially expressed across environmental conditions, including darkness, low iron, freezing, elevated temperature and increased CO 2 . Alleles with the largest ratio of non-synonymous to synonymous nucleotide substitutions also show the most pronounced condition-dependent expression, suggesting a correlation between diversifying selection and allelic differentiation. Divergent alleles may be involved in adaptation to environmental fluctuations in the Southern Ocean. © 2017 Macmillan Publishers Limited, part of Springer Nature. All rights reserved.
Published: 2017

17. Satellite and In Situ Salinity: Understanding Near-Surface Stratification and Subfootprint Variability

Author: Ludovic Brucker, Andrea Santos-Garcia, Tong Lee, Jacqueline Boutin, Alexander Soloviev, Emmanuel P. Dinnat, Brian Ward, Wenqing Tang, Nicolas Reul, William E. Asher, Nadya T. Vinogradova, Nicolas Kolodziejczyk, Julian Schanze, Kyla Drushka, Jessica Anderson, Thomas Meissner, Yi Chao, Christophe Maes, Thierry Delcroix, W.L. Jones, R. Drucker, Lisan Yu, Gilles Reverdin, Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), UCLA Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering (JIFRESSE), University of California [Los Angeles] (UCLA), University of California-University of California-NASA, Remote Sensing Solutions, University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL), NASA-California Institute of Technology (CALTECH), Ifremer, Centre de Toulon, Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Earth and Space Research Institute [Seattle] (ESR), Nova Southeastern University (NSU), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Universities Space Research Association (USRA), GSFC Cryospheric Sciences Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Electrical and Computer Engineering Department [Orlando], University of Central Florida [Orlando] (UCF), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Remote Sensing Systems [Santa Rosa] (RSS), Atmospheric and Environmental Research, Inc. (AER), National University of Ireland [Galway] (NUI Galway), CNES, Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC)-NASA, Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 0211 other engineering and technologies, Mesoscale meteorology, Stratification (water), 02 engineering and technology, [SDU.STU.ME]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Meteorology, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, western equatorial pacific, barrier layer, tropical oceans, north-atlantic, ocean salinity, 14. Life underwater, Water cycle, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 021101 geological & geomatics engineering, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Remote sensing, Radiometer, boundary-layer, pacific warm pool, Salinity, Ocean dynamics, band radiometer/scatterometer observations, 13. Climate action, polar-regions, air-sea interaction, Environmental science, Satellite, Microwave
Abstract: Remote sensing of salinity using satellite-mounted microwave radiometers provides new perspectives for studying ocean dynamics and the global hydrological cycle. Calibration and validation of these measurements is challenging because satellite and in situ methods measure salinity differently. Microwave radiometers measure the salinity in the top few centimeters of the ocean, whereas most in situ observations are reported below a depth of a few meters. Additionally, satellites measure salinity as a spatial average over an area of about 100 × 100 km2. In contrast, in situ sensors provide pointwise measurements at the location of the sensor. Thus, the presence of vertical gradients in, and horizontal variability of, sea surface salinity complicates comparison of satellite and in situ measurements. This paper synthesizes present knowledge of the magnitude and the processes that contribute to the formation and evolution of vertical and horizontal variability in near-surface salinity. Rainfall, freshwater plumes, and evaporation can generate vertical gradients of salinity, and in some cases these gradients can be large enough to affect validation of satellite measurements. Similarly, mesoscale to submesoscale processes can lead to horizontal variability that can also affect comparisons of satellite data to in situ data. Comparisons between satellite and in situ salinity measurements must take into account both vertical stratification and horizontal variability.
Published: 2016

18. Effects of variation in the abundance and distribution of prey on the foraging success of central place foragers

Author: André E. Punt, Daniel Grünbaum, Henri Weimerskirch, George L. Hunt, Sophie Bertrand, Charlotte Boyd, School of Aquatic and Fishery Sciences, University of Washington [Seattle], School of Oceanography [Seattle], Centre d'Études Biologiques de Chizé - UMR 7372 (CEBC), Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), UMR 212 EME 'écosystèmes marins exploités' (EME), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Montpellier (UM), and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Université de La Rochelle (ULR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, predator-prey interactions, Foraging, Peruvian Booby, 010603 evolutionary biology, 01 natural sciences, Predation, Abundance (ecology), biology.animal, prey availability, Peruvian booby, 14. Life underwater, Sula variegata, Ecology, biology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Phalacrocorax bougainvilliorum, predator–prey interactions, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, seabird competition with fisheries, Fishery, Humboldt Current System, Forage fish, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Marine protected area, Fisheries management, Seabird, Guanay Cormorant, marine spatial planning
Abstract: Summary 1.Seabirds and pinnipeds are vulnerable to reductions in prey availability, especially during the breeding season when spatial constraints limit their adaptive capacity. There are growing concerns about the effects of fisheries on prey availability in regions where large commercial fisheries target forage fish. 2.For breeding seabirds and pinnipeds, prey availability depends on a combination of abundance, accessibility, patchiness, and distance from the colony. An understanding of the aspects of prey availability that determine foraging success is essential for the design of effective management responses. 3.We used a mechanistic individual-based foraging model (IBFM) based on observed data for two seabird species, the Peruvian Booby Sula variegata and Guanay Cormorant Phalacrocorax bougainvilliorum, to simulate the foraging patterns of seabirds feeding on schooling fish. We ran the model over simulated prey fields representing eight possible combinations of high or low prey abundance, shallow or deep prey, and broadly-distributed or spatially-concentrated prey. 4.The results highlight the importance of the accessibility of prey. Depth distribution was the primary factor determining modelled foraging success for both species, followed by abundance, and then spatial configuration. 5. Synthesis and applications. The individual-based foraging model (IBFM) provides a spatially-explicit framework for assessing the effects of fisheries on the foraging success of seabirds and other central place foragers (CPFs), and for evaluating the potential effectiveness of marine protected areas and other fisheries management strategies for safeguarding CPFs in dynamic ecosystems. Our analysis indicates that broad-scale fisheries management strategies that maintain forage fish above critical biomass levels are essential, but may need to be supplemented by targeted actions, such as time-area closures, when environmental conditions lead to low prey abundance or reduce prey accessibility for seabirds or pinnipeds of conservation concern. The IBFM is adaptable and could be reconfigured for application to other species and systems. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
Published: 2016

19. Variability of 14C reservoir age and air–sea flux of CO2 in the Peru–Chile upwelling region during the past 12,000 years

Author: Brian M. Chase, Antonio Maldonado, Julian P. Sachs, Matthieu Carré, Donald Jackson, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Departamento de Antropología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Centro de Estudios Avanzados en Zonas Aridas (CEAZA), School of Oceanography [Seattle], and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Oceanic circulation, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Flux, 01 natural sciences, law.invention, Oceanography, Arts and Humanities (miscellaneous), 13. Climate action, law, Deglaciation, Period (geology), General Earth and Planetary Sciences, Upwelling, Radiocarbon dating, Geology, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Carbon flux
Abstract: The variability of radiocarbon marine reservoir age through time and space limits the accuracy of chronologies in marine paleo-environmental archives. We report here new radiocarbon reservoir ages (ΔR) from the central coast of Chile (~ 32°S) for the Holocene period and compare these values to existing reservoir age reconstructions from southern Peru and northern Chile. Late Holocene ΔR values show little variability from central Chile to Peru. Prior to 6000 cal yr BP, however, ΔR values were markedly increased in southern Peru and northern Chile, while similar or slightly lower-than-modern ΔR values were observed in central Chile. This extended dataset suggests that the early Holocene was characterized by a substantial increase in the latitudinal gradient of marine reservoir age between central and northern Chile. This change in the marine reservoir ages indicates that the early Holocene air–sea flux of CO2 could have been up to five times more intense than in the late Holocene in the Peruvian upwelling, while slightly reduced in central Chile. Our results show that oceanic circulation changes in the Humboldt system during the Holocene have substantially modified the air–sea carbon flux in this region.
Published: 2016

20. Revisiting the La Niña 1998 phytoplankton blooms in the equatorial Pacific

Author: Olivier Aumont, Yves Dandonneau, Lia O. Slemons, Séverine Alvain, Cyril Moulin, Thomas Gorgues, Marie-Helene Radenac, Christophe E. Menkès, Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Océan du Large et Variabilité Climatique (OLVAC), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Equatorial Pacific, Iron, La Nina, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Grazing pressure, Phytoplankton, 14. Life underwater, 1997-1998, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Blooms, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Tropical instability waves, Plankton, La Niña, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Upwelling, ENSO, Bloom, Thermocline, Model
Abstract: A biogeochemical model of the tropical Pacific has been used to assess the impact of interannual variability in a western Pacific iron source on the iron-limited ecosystem of the central and eastern Pacific during the 1997-1998 El Nino A reference simulation and two simulations with an iron source in the western Pacific have been performed The two "source" simulations differed only in the temporal variability of the iron source. In the variable source simulation, the iron concentration in the source region was proportional to the velocity of the New Guinea Coastal Undercurrent (NGCUC) In the constant source simulation, the same time-averaged concentration of iron was imposed with no temporal variability. The variable source was designed to mimic variations of iron flux from the northeast slope of New Guinea to the NGCUC due to modulation of sedimentary iron resuspension as previously hypothesized Through the comparison of these simulations, it appeared that: (i) an iron source in the NGCUC, regardless of its source variability, increases biomass in the eastern equatorial Pacific because of the greater eastward iron flux by the Equatorial Undercurrent and (ii) a variable NGCUC iron source does not change the temporal variability of eastern Pacific chlorophyll, and in particular the timing and intensity of the June 1998 bloom To explain eastern Pacific biological variability, local rather than remote processes are needed, such as wind-driven upwelling, the local depth of the thermocline. tropical instability waves and biological processes such as high grazing pressure. Therefore, while the western Pacific sources of dissolved iron are important in our model to sustain annually integrated equatorial Pacific production, they are unlikely to strongly constrain the timing of blooms in the central and eastern Pacific such as during the 1998 La Nina (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
Published: 2010

21. Effects of hydrostatic pressure on microbial alteration of sinking fecal pellets

Author: Stuart G. Wakeham, Cindy Lee, Christian Tamburini, Catherine Guigue, Michael L. Peterson, Dominique Lefèvre, Stephane Pepa, Marc Garel, Madeleine Goutx, Richard Sempéré, Bruno Charrière, Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Métro-Mesures, Métro Mesures, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Institute of Oceanography, Marine Sciences Research Institute, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Particle sinking, Exopolymer, Hydrostatic pressure, Pellets, Mineralogy, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Prokaryotic diversity, 03 medical and health sciences, Settling, Organic matter degradation, Dissolved organic carbon, Mesopelagic and bathypelagic waters, 14. Life underwater, Incubation, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Total organic carbon, 0303 health sciences, 030306 microbiology, Chemistry, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Particulates, 13. Climate action, Environmental chemistry
Abstract: We used a new experimental device called PASS (PArticle Sinking Simulator) during MedFlux to simulate changes in in situ hydrostatic pressure that particles experience sinking from mesopelagic to bathypelagic depths. Particles, largely fecal pellets, were collected at 200 m using a settling velocity NetTrap (SV NetTrap) in Ligurian Sea in April 2006 and incubated in high-pressure bottles (HPBs) of the PASS system under both atmospheric and continuously increasing pressure conditions, simulating the pressure change experienced at a sinking rate of 200 m d−1. Chemical changes over time were evaluated by measuring particulate organic carbon (POC), carbohydrates, transparent exopolymer particles (TEP), amino acids, lipids, and chloropigments, as well as dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and dissolved carbohydrates. Microbial changes were evaluated microscopically, using diamidinophenylindole (DAPI) stain for total cell counts and catalyzed reporter deposition-fluorescence in situ hybridization (CARD-FISH) for phylogenetic distinctions. Concentrations (normalized to POC) of particulate chloropigments, carbohydrates and TEP decreased under both sets of incubation conditions, although less under the increasing pressure regime than under atmospheric conditions. By contrast, dissolved carbohydrates (normalized to DOC) were higher after incubation and significantly higher under atmospheric conditions, suggesting they were produced at the expense of the particulate fraction. POC-normalized particulate wax/steryl esters increased only under pressure, suggesting biochemical responses of prokaryotes to the increasing pressure regime. The prokaryotic community initially consisted of 43% Bacteria, 12% Crenarchaea and 11% Euryarchaea. After incubation, Bacteria dominated (∼90%) the prokaryote community in all cases, with γ-Proteobacteria comprising the greatest fraction, followed by the Cytophaga–Flavobacter cluster and α-Proteobacteria group. Using the PASS system, we obtained chemical and microbial evidence that degradation by prokaryotes associated with fecal pellets sinking through mesopelagic waters is limited by the increasing pressure they experience.
Published: 2009

22. Green Evolution and Dynamic Adaptations Revealed by Genomes of the Marine Picoeukaryotes Micromonas

Author: Robert Otillar, Olivier Panaud, Aaron Poliakov, Ian T. Paulsen, Eve Toulza, Steven Robbens, Heidrun Gundlach, Pedro M. Coutinho, E. Virginia Armbrust, Jill E. Gready, Klaus F. X. Mayer, Jasmyn Pangilinan, Kemin Zhou, Igor V. Grigoriev, Wenche Eikrem, Marie L. Cuvelier, Elif Demir, Ursula Goodenough, Jonathan H. Badger, Hervé Moreau, Susan Lucas, Peter von Dassow, Yves Van de Peer, Evelyne Derelle, Pierre Rouzé, Andrew E. Allen, Erika Lindquist, Uwe John, Elodie Foulon, Jeremy Schmutz, Fabrice Not, William Lanier, Meredith V. Everett, Alex N. Zelensky, Sarah M. McDonald, Benoît Piégu, Jane Grimwood, Tania Wyss, Chelle L. Gentemann, Aasf Salamov, Micaela S. Parker, Stephane Rombauts, Alexandra Z. Worden, Carolyn A. Napoli, Thomas Mock, Bernard Henrissat, Jae-Hyeok Lee, Inna Dubchak, Melinda P. Simmons, Andrea Aerts, Debashish Bhattacharya, Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Center for Plant Systems Biology (PSB Center), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Department of Energy / Joint Genome Institute (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Architecture et fonction des macromolécules biologiques (AFMB), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Biology Institute, University of Arizona, Laboratoire Génome et développement des plantes (LGDP), Université de Perpignan Via Domitia (UPVD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Plant Systems Biology, State University of Ghent, Stanford University School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford University [Stanford], and Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, MESH: Sequence Analysis, DNA, RNA, Untranslated, MESH: Oceans and Seas, MESH: Introns, MESH: Plants, [SDV.BID.SPT]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Systematics, Phylogenetics and taxonomy, 01 natural sciences, Genome, 18S ribosomal RNA, Bathycoccus, MESH: Chlorophyta, MESH: RNA, Untranslated, Chlorophyta, MESH: Ecosystem, MESH: Genetic Variation, Photosynthesis, MESH: Phylogeny, Clade, Phylogeny, MESH: Photosynthesis, Plant evolution, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Structural Biology [q-bio.BM], biology, Ecology, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], [SDV.BBM.MN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular Networks [q-bio.MN], MESH: Transcription Factors, Plants, Adaptation, Physiological, Biological Evolution, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, [SDV.BIBS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Quantitative Methods [q-bio.QM], MESH: Genes, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], Meiosis, [SDV.BBM.BS]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biomolecules [q-bio.BM], MESH: DNA Transposable Elements, Oceans and Seas, Molecular Sequence Data, MESH: Biological Evolution, Genomics, [SDV.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Cellular Biology, [SDV.GEN.GPL]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics/Plants genetics, 03 medical and health sciences, Phylogenetics, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, MESH: Genome, [SDV.BBM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology, 14. Life underwater, [SDV.BBM.BC]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Biochemistry [q-bio.BM], Ecosystem, Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, 030304 developmental biology, Micromonas, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Repetitive Sequences, Nucleic Acid, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Genetic Variation, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, Sequence Analysis, DNA, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, Introns, MESH: Meiosis, [SDV.BV.AP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology/Plant breeding, Gene Expression Regulation, Genes, Phytoplankton, DNA Transposable Elements, [INFO.INFO-BI]Computer Science [cs]/Bioinformatics [q-bio.QM], Transcription Factors, MESH: Phytoplankton, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: Picoeukaryotes are a taxonomically diverse group of organisms less than 2 micrometers in diameter. Photosynthetic marine picoeukaryotes in the genus Micromonas thrive in ecosystems ranging from tropical to polar and could serve as sentinel organisms for biogeochemical fluxes of modern oceans during climate change. These broadly distributed primary producers belong to an anciently diverged sister clade to land plants. Although Micromonas isolates have high 18 S ribosomal RNA gene identity, we found that genomes from two isolates shared only 90% of their predicted genes. Their independent evolutionary paths were emphasized by distinct riboswitch arrangements as well as the discovery of intronic repeat elements in one isolate, and in metagenomic data, but not in other genomes. Divergence appears to have been facilitated by selection and acquisition processes that actively shape the repertoire of genes that are mutually exclusive between the two isolates differently than the core genes. Analyses of the Micromonas genomes offer valuable insights into ecological differentiation and the dynamic nature of early plant evolution.
Published: 2009

23. Calibrating high-precision Faraday rotation measurements for LOFAR and the next generation of low-frequency radio telescopes (Corrigendum)

Author: C. Sotomayor-Beltran, C. Sobey, J. W. T. Hessels, G. de Bruyn, A. Noutsos, A. Alexov, J. Anderson, A. Asgekar, I. M. Avruch, R. Beck, M. E. Bell, M. R. Bell, M. J. Bentum, G. Bernardi, P. Best, L. Birzan, A. Bonafede, F. Breitling, J. Broderick, W. N. Brouw, M. Brüggen, B. Ciardi, F. de Gasperin, R.-J. Dettmar, A. van Duin, S. Duscha, J. Eislöffel, H. Falcke, R. A. Fallows, R. Fender, C. Ferrari, W. Frieswijk, M. A. Garrett, J. Grießmeier, T. Grit, A. W. Gunst, T. E. Hassall, G. Heald, M. Hoeft, A. Horneffer, M. Iacobelli, E. Juette, A. Karastergiou, E. Keane, J. Kohler, M. Kramer, V. I. Kondratiev, L. V. E. Koopmans, M. Kuniyoshi, G. Kuper, J. van Leeuwen, P. Maat, G. Macario, S. Markoff, J. P. McKean, D. D. Mulcahy, H. Munk, E. Orru, H. Paas, M. Pandey-Pommier, M. Pilia, R. Pizzo, A. G. Polatidis, W. Reich, H. Röttgering, M. Serylak, J. Sluman, B. W. Stappers, M. Tagger, Y. Tang, C. Tasse, S. ter Veen, R. Vermeulen, R. J. van Weeren, R. A. M. J. Wijers, S. J. Wijnholds, M. W. Wise, O. Wucknitz, S. Yatawatta, P. Zarka, Astronomisches Institut der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Ruhr-Universität Bochum [Bochum], Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie (MPIFR), Netherlands Institute for Radio Astronomy (ASTRON), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research (SRON), Université de Tours (UT), CSIRO Astronomy and Space Science, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), University of Southampton, Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik (MPA), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Laboratoire de Physique Nucléaire et de Hautes Énergies (LPNHE), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Edinburgh, Leiden Observatory [Leiden], Universiteit Leiden, Jacobs University [Bremen], Leibniz-Institut für Astrophysik Potsdam (AIP), Kapteyn Astronomical Institute [Groningen], University of Groningen [Groningen], Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics, Hamburger Sternwarte/Hamburg Observatory, Universität Hamburg (UHH), Thüringer Landessternwarte Tautenburg (TLS), Institute of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, Department of Quantitative Methods, Università degli studi di Genova = University of Genoa (UniGe), Unité Scientifique de la Station de Nançay (USN), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de Physique et Chimie de l'Environnement et de l'Espace (LPC2E), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National d’Études Spatiales [Paris] (CNES), Jodrell Bank Centre for Astrophysics, University of Manchester [Manchester], Department of Pure Mathematics and Mathematical Statistics (DPMMS), Faculty of mathematics Centre for Mathematical Sciences [Cambridge] (CMS), University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM)-University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Oxford Astrophysics, University of Oxford, Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing (Centre for Astrophysics and Supercomputing), Swinburne University of Technology [Melbourne], Hessisches Landesmuseum Darmstadt, Astronomical Institute Anton Pannekoek (AI PANNEKOEK), University of Amsterdam [Amsterdam] (UvA), Joseph Louis LAGRANGE (LAGRANGE), Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (1965 - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands, Centre de Recherche Astrophysique de Lyon (CRAL), École normale supérieure de Lyon (ENS de Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Physics-Electronics, Rhodes University, Grahamstown, Laboratoire d'études spatiales et d'instrumentation en astrophysique (LESIA), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), SKA South Africa, Ska South Africa, Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics (CfA), Harvard University-Smithsonian Institution, Argelander-Institut für Astronomie (AlfA), Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, ANR-09-JCJC-0001,OPALES(2009), European Project: 224897,EC:FP7:PEOPLE,FP7-PEOPLE-2007-2-2-ERG,WIDEMAP(2008), Université de Tours, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Institut National de Physique Nucléaire et de Physique des Particules du CNRS (IN2P3)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC), Universiteit Leiden [Leiden], Universita degli studi di Genova, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Observatoire de Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers en région Centre (OSUC), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université d'Orléans (UO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Orléans (UO), University of Oxford [Oxford], Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-Université Nice Sophia Antipolis (... - 2019) (UNS), COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Observatoire de la Côte d'Azur, Université Côte d'Azur (UCA)-COMUE Université Côte d'Azur (2015-2019) (COMUE UCA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École normale supérieure - Lyon (ENS Lyon)-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Harvard University [Cambridge]-Smithsonian Institution, and Smithsonian Institution-Harvard University [Cambridge]
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Astronomy, Astrophysics, Low frequency, 01 natural sciences, Radio telescope, symbols.namesake, Optics, 0103 physical sciences, Faraday effect, 010303 astronomy & astrophysics, GeneralLiterature_REFERENCE(e.g.,dictionaries,encyclopedias,glossaries), 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Physics, polarization, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], business.industry, Astrophysics::Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Astronomy and Astrophysics, LOFAR, techniques: polarimetric, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], symbols, business, addenda, errata
Abstract: International audience; Faraday rotation measurements using the current and next generation of low-frequency radio telescopes will provide a powerful probe of astronomical magnetic fields. However, achieving the full potential of these measurements requires accurate removal of the time-variable ionospheric Faraday rotation contribution. We present ionFR, a code that calculates the amount of ionospheric Faraday rotation for a specific epoch, geographic location, and line-of-sight. ionFR uses a number of publicly available, GPS-derived total electron content maps and the most recent release of the International Geomagnetic Reference Field. We describe applications of this code for the calibration of radio polarimetric observations, and demonstrate the high accuracy of its modeled ionospheric Faraday rotations using LOFAR pulsar observations. These show that we can accurately determine some of the highest-precision pulsar rotation measures ever achieved. Precision rotation measures can be used to monitor rotation measure variations – either intrinsic or due to the changing line-of-sight through the interstellar medium. This calibration is particularly important for nearby sources, where the ionosphere can contribute a significant fraction of the observed rotation measure. We also discuss planned improvements to ionFR, as well as the importance of ionospheric Faraday rotation calibration for the emerging generation of low-frequency radio telescopes, such as the SKA and its pathfinders.
Published: 2015

24. Microbial community structure and function vertical distribution in snowpack over sea ice from Greenlandic fjord

Author: Lorrie Maccario, Shelly Carpenter, Deming, Jody W., Timothy Vogel, Catherine Larose, Larose, Catherine, Ampère, Département Bioingénierie (BioIng), Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE)-École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Oceanography [Seattle], and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: [SDE] Environmental Sciences, [SPI]Engineering Sciences [physics], [SPI] Engineering Sciences [physics], [SDE]Environmental Sciences, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2015

25. Methods for biogeochemical studies of sea ice: The state of the art, caveats, and recommendations

Author: Stathys Papadimitriou, Agneta Fransson, François Fripiat, Lisa A. Miller, Jeff S. Bowman, Delphine Lannuzel, Lise Lotte Sørensen, Daiki Nomura, Martin Vancoppenolle, R. Eric Collins, Michel Gosselin, Jun Nishioka, Maria A. van Leeuwe, David N. Thomas, Jean-Louis Tison, Kristina A. Brown, Lynn M. Russell, Marcela Ewert, Klaus M Meiners, Eric W. Wolff, Christine Michel, Jiayun Zhou, Brent Else, Institute of Ocean Sciences, Fisheries and Oceans Canada, Analytical, Environmental and Geo- Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laboratoire de Glaciologie [Bruxelles], Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB), University of Calgary, department of geography, Investigating Multi Modal Representations of Spatial Environments (IMMERSE), University of Calgary-University of Calgary, Centre for Earth Observation Science [Winnipeg], University of Manitoba [Winnipeg], School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Vancouver] (UBC EOAS), University of British Columbia (UBC), College of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences (CFOS), University of Alaska [Fairbanks] (UAF), Norwegian Polar Institute, Institut des Sciences de la MER de Rimouski (ISMER), Université du Québec à Rimouski (UQAR), Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Horbat] (IMAS), University of Tasmania [Hobart, Australia] (UTAS), Antarctic Climate and Ecosystems Cooperative Research Centre (ACE-CRC), Australian Antarctic Division (AAD), Australian Government, Department of the Environment and Energy, Freshwater institute, fisheries and Oceans Canada, Winnipeg, Institute of Low Temperature Science [Sapporo], Hokkaido University [Sapporo, Japan], School of Ocean Sciences, Bangor University, Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO), University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California-University of California, Arctic Research Centre, Aarhus University [Aarhus], Department of environmental sciences, Finnish Environment Institute (SYKE), Laboratory of plant physiology, University of Groningen [Groningen], Processus de couplage à Petite Echelle, Ecosystèmes et Prédateurs Supérieurs (PEPS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth Sciences [Cambridge, UK], University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Unité d'Océanographie Chimique, Interfacultary Center for Marine Research (MARE), Université de Liège-Université de Liège, Wolff, Eric [0000-0002-5914-8531], Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository, University of Calgary, Institute for Marine and Antarctic Studies [Hobart] (IMAS), Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO - UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Deming, Jody W, Ackley, Stephen F, Chemistry, Earth System Sciences, and Analytical, Environmental & Geo-Chemistry
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Atmospheric Science, Biogeochemical cycle, Environmental Engineering, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, sub-01, Earth science, Climate change, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, methods, Ocean Science, biogeochemistry, Dissolved organic carbon, Sea ice, 14. Life underwater, Life Below Water, lcsh:Environmental sciences, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, lcsh:GE1-350, geography, Biomass (ecology), geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Biogeochemistry, Geology, Geotechnical Engineering and Engineering Geology, sea ice, Earth system science, Ancillary data, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, Sciences exactes et naturelles
Abstract: Over the past two decades, with recognition that the ocean's sea-ice cover is neither insensitive to climate change nor a barrier to light and matter, research in sea-ice biogeochemistry has accelerated significantly, bringing together a multi-disciplinary community from a variety of fields. This disciplinary diversity has contributed a wide range of methodological techniques and approaches to sea-ice studies, complicating comparisons of the results and the development of conceptual and numerical models to describe the important biogeochemical processes occurring in sea ice. Almost all chemical elements, compounds, and biogeochemical processes relevant to Earth system science are measured in sea ice, with published methods available for determiningbiomass, pigments, net community production, primary production, bacterial activity, macronutrients, numerous natural and anthropogenic organic compounds, trace elements, reactive and inert gases, sulfur species, the carbon dioxide system parameters, stable isotopes, and water-ice-Atmosphere fluxes of gases, liquids, and solids. For most of these measurements, multiple sampling and processing techniques are available, but to date there has been little intercomparison or intercalibration between methods. In addition, researchers collect different types of ancillary data and document their samples differently, further confounding comparisons between studies. These problems are compounded by the heterogeneity of sea ice, in which even adjacent cores can have dramatically different biogeochemical compositions. We recommend that, in future investigations, researchers design their programs based on nested sampling patterns, collect a core suite of ancillary measurements, and employ a standard approach for sample identification and documentation. In addition, intercalibration exercises are most critically needed for measurements of biomass, primary production, nutrients, dissolved and particulate organic matter (including exopolymers), the CO2 system, air-ice gas fluxes, and aerosol production. We also encourage the development of in situ probes robust enough for long-Term deployment in sea ice, particularly for biological parameters, the CO2 system, and other gases., SCOPUS: ar.j, info:eu-repo/semantics/published
Published: 2015

26. Iron sources and dissolved-particulate interactions in the seawater of the Western Equatorial Pacific, iron isotope perspectives

Author: Labatut, M., Lacan, F., Pradoux, C., Chmeleff, J., Radic, A., Murray, J. W., Poitrasson, Franck, Johansen, A. M., Thil, F., GEOMAR LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Central Washington University, Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), and Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)
Subjects: particles, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Papua New Guinea, GEOTRACES, equatorial Pacific, iron isotopes, seawater
Abstract: This work presents iron isotope data in the western equatorial Pacific. Marine aerosols and top core margin sediments display a slightly heavy Fe isotopic composition (Fe-56) of 0.330.11 (2SD) and 0.140.07, respectively. Samples reflecting the influence of Papua New Guinea runoff (Sepik River and Rabaul volcano water) are characterized by crustal values. In seawater, Fe is mainly supplied in the particulate form and is found with a Fe-56 between -0.49 and 0.34 +/- 0.07 parts per thousand. The particulate Fe seems to be brought mainly by runoff and transported across continental shelves and slopes. Aerosols are suspected to enrich the surface Vitiaz Strait waters, while hydrothermal activity likely enriched New Ireland waters. Dissolved Fe isotopic ratios are found between -0.03 and 0.53 +/- 0.07 parts per thousand. They are almost systematically heavier than the corresponding particulate Fe, and the difference between the signature of both phases is similar for most samples with Fe-56(DFe-PFe)=+0.27 +/- 0.25 parts per thousand (2SD). This is interpreted as an equilibrium isotopic fractionation revealing exchange fluxes between both phases. The dissolved phase being heavier than the particles suggests that the exchanges result in a net nonreductive release of dissolved Fe. This process seems to be locally significantly more intense than Fe reductive dissolution documented along reducing margins. It may therefore constitute a very significant iron source to the ocean, thereby influencing the actual estimation of the iron residence time and sinks. The underlying processes could also apply to other elements.
Published: 2014

27. A community-based geological reconstruction of Antarctic Ice Sheet deglaciation since the Last Glacial Maximum

Author: Bentley, Michael J., Ó Cofaigh, Colm, Anderson, John B., Conway, Howard, Davies, Bethan, Graham, Alastair G.C., Hillenbrand, Claus-Dieter, Hodgson, Dominic A., Jamieson, Stewart S.R., Larter, Robert, Mackintosh, Andrew N., Smith, James A., Verleyen, Elie, Ackert, Robert, Bart, Philip J., Berg, Sonja, Brunstein, Daniel, Canals, Miquel, Colhoun, Eric A., Crosta, Xavier, Dickens, William A., Domack, Eugene, Dowdeswell, Julia, Dunbar, Robert, Ehrmann, Werner, Evans, Jeffrey, Favier, Vincent, Fink, David, Fogwill, Christopher J., Glasser, Neil F., Gohl, Karsten, Golledge, Nicholas R., Goodwin, Ian, Gore, Damian B., Greenwood, Sarah L., Hall, Brenda L., Hall, Kevin, Hedding, David W., Hein, Andrew S., Hocking, Emma P., Jakobsson, Martin, Johnson, Joanne S., Jomelli, Vincent, Jones, R. Selwyn, Klages, Johann P., Kristoffersen, Yngve, Kuhn, Gerhard, Leventer, Amy, Licht, Kathy, Lilly, Katherine, Lindow, Julia, Livingstone, Stephen J., Massé, Guillaume, Mcglone, Matt S., Mckay, Robert, Melles, Martin, Miura, Hideki, Mulvaney, Robert, Nel, Werner, Nitsche, Frank O., O'Brien, Philip E., Post, Alexandra L., Roberts, Stephen J., Saunders, Krystyna M., Selkirk, Patricia M., Simms, Alexander R., Spiegel, Cornelia, Stolldorf, Travis D., Sugden, David E., van Der Putten, Nathalie, van Ommen, Tas, Verfaillie, Deborah, Vyverman, Wim, Wagner, Bernd, White, Duanne A., Witus, Alexandra E., Zwartz, Dan, Department of Geography, Durham University, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University (GCU), British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Universiteit Gent = Ghent University (UGENT), Laboratoire de géographie physique : Environnements Quaternaires et Actuels (LGP), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), GRC Geociencies Marines, GRC, School of Environmental and Life Sciences, The University of Newcastle, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1 (UB)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Space Research Institute of Austrian Academy of Sciences (IWF), Austrian Academy of Sciences (OeAW), College of Marine Science [St Petersburg, FL], University of South Florida [Tampa] (USF), Scott Polar Research Institute, University of Cambridge [UK] (CAM), Stanford University, Centre for glaciology, Department of Geography and Earth Sciences (DGES), Aberystwyth University-Aberystwyth University, Department of biomedical sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, University of Calgary, Department of Evolutionary Biology, Uppsala University, Institute for Biomechanics, Colgate University, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Takuvik Joint International Laboratory ULAVAL-CNRS, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of integrative biology (Liverpool), University of Liverpool, Paul Scherrer Institute (PSI), NIFS, National Institute for Fusion Science (NIFS), Gent University, Department of Biology, Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO), Columbia University [New York], University of West London, Dpt Biological Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie University, Division of Migratory Birds - Northeast Region, US Fish and Wildlife Service, Lund University [Lund], UMR 5805 Environnements et Paléoenvironnements Océaniques et Continentaux (EPOC), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de glaciologie et géophysique de l'environnement (LGGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA), Department of Geology and Geochemistry [Stockholm], Stockholm University, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 (UPEC UP12)-Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1), Observatoire des Sciences de l'Univers de Grenoble (OSUG), Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Université Savoie Mont Blanc (USMB [Université de Savoie] [Université de Chambéry])-Institut polytechnique de Grenoble - Grenoble Institute of Technology (Grenoble INP)-Institut national de recherche en sciences et technologies pour l'environnement et l'agriculture (IRSTEA)-Université Joseph Fourier - Grenoble 1 (UJF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Grenoble Alpes (UGA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Protistology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Earth and Climate
Subjects: Matematikk og naturvitenskap: 400::Geofag: 450::Kvartærgeologi, glasiologi: 465 [VDP], [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], Modelling, Mathematics and natural scienses: 400::Geosciences: 450::Quaternary geology, glaciology: 465 [VDP], Quaternary, HISTORY, MASS-BALANCE, COLLAPSE, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Global and Planetary Change, WEDDELL SEA EMBAYMENT, CONSTRAINTS, LEVEL CHANGE, Geology, RETREAT, Antarctic Ice Sheet, STREAM STABILITY, Glacial geology, ISOSTATIC-ADJUSTMENT, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Earth and Environmental Sciences, PENINSULA
Abstract: The Weddell Sea sector is one of the main formation sites for Antarctic Bottom Water and an outlet for about one fifth of Antarctica’s continental ice volume. Over the last few decades, studies on glacialegeological records in this sector have provided conflicting reconstructions of changes in ice-sheet extent and ice-sheet thickness since the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM at ca 23e19 calibrated kiloyears before present, cal ka BP). Terrestrial geomorphological records and exposure ages obtained from rocks in the hinterland of the Weddell Sea, ice-sheet thickness constraints from ice cores and some radiocarbon dates on offshore sediments were interpreted to indicate no significant ice thickening and locally restricted grounding-line advance at the LGM. Other marine geological and geophysical studies concluded that subglacial bedforms mapped on theWeddell Sea continental shelf, subglacial deposits and sediments over-compacted by overriding ice recovered in cores, and the few available radiocarbon ages from marine sediments are consistent with major ice-sheet advance at the LGM. Reflecting the geological interpretations, different icesheet models have reconstructed conflicting LGM ice-sheet configurations for the Weddell Sea sector. Consequently, the estimated contributions of ice-sheet build-up in the Weddell Sea sector to the LGM sealevel low-stand of w130 m vary considerably. In this paper, we summarise and review the geological records of past ice-sheet margins and past icesheet elevations in the Weddell Sea sector. We compile marine and terrestrial chronological data constraining former ice-sheet size, thereby highlighting different levels of certainty, and present two alternative scenarios of the LGM ice-sheet configuration, including time-slice reconstructions for post- LGM grounding-line retreat. Moreover, we discuss consistencies and possible reasons for inconsistencies between the various reconstructions and propose objectives for future research. The aim of our study is to provide two alternative interpretations of glacialegeological datasets on Antarctic Ice- Sheet History for the Weddell Sea sector, which can be utilised to test and improve numerical icesheet models
Published: 2014
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28. Holocene history of ENSO variance and asymmetry in the eastern tropical Pacific

Author: Sara Purca, Danièle Lavallée, Michèle Julien, Matthieu Carré, Julian P. Sachs, Rommel Angeles Falcon, Pascale Braconnot, Andrew J. Schauer, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement et la société, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Modelling the Earth Response to Multiple Anthropogenic Interactions and Dynamics (MERMAID), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Ministerio de Cultura, Museo de sitio de Pachacamac, Archéologies et Sciences de l'Antiquité (ArScAn), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), School of Oceanography University of Washington, Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis (UP8)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226, Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Institut national de recherches archéologiques préventives (Inrap)-Ministère de la Culture et de la Communication (MCC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Insolation, Tropical pacific, 010506 paleontology, Multidisciplinary, Pacific Ocean, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SHS.ARCHEO]Humanities and Social Sciences/Archaeology and Prehistory, Fossils, Global warming, Oxygen Isotopes, 01 natural sciences, Pacific ocean, Global Warming, Cold Temperature, Geography, El Niño Southern Oscillation, Animal Shells, Mollusca, Climatology, Peru, Animals, 14. Life underwater, Holocene, History, Ancient, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: El Niño shifted between the center and the East El Niño has changed quite a bit over the past 10,000 years. During some periods it was less variable than now, and during others it shifted from its current locale toward the central Pacific. Carré et al. analyzed the shells of mollusks from Peru to construct a record of the El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) in the eastern Pacific over the Holocene period. They compared this record with other records from the rest of the Pacific to reveal how much the strength and frequency of El Niños changed and how their positions varied. Science , this issue p. 1045
Published: 2014

29. The Marine Microbial Eukaryote Transcriptome Sequencing Project (MMETSP): illuminating the functional diversity of eukaryotic life in the oceans through transcriptome sequencing

Author: Mary Ann Moran, Ronald P. Kiene, Matthew D. Johnson, Jennifer L. Jacobi, Gwenael Piganeau, Kjetill S. Jakobsen, Simon K. Davy, Edward C. Theriot, Uwe John, Alexander Kudryavtsev, Sarah R. Smith, Bente Edvardsen, Cristina Miceli, Adrian Marchetti, Karin Rengefors, Tatiana A. Rynearson, John M. Archibald, Matthew C. Posewitz, Brian Palenik, Alexandra Z. Worden, Pooja E. Umale, Boris Wawrik, Laura A. Katz, Satoshi Nagai, Anja Kamp, Lisa Campbell, Kathryn J. Coyne, Thomas Mock, E. Virginia Armbrust, Fabien Burki, Adriana Zingone, Sonya T. Dyhrman, Mary E. Rumpho, Bank Beszteri, Giovanna Romano, Declan C. Schroeder, Callum J. Bell, Yan Xu, Bassem Allam, Kay D. Bidle, Bethany D. Jenkins, Kelly B. Schilling, Giulio Petroni, David Roy Smith, Aurora M. Nedelcu, Arvind K. Bharti, Connie Lovejoy, Stephanie Guida, Spencer J. Greenwood, Peter Stief, David A. Caron, Senjie Lin, Marina Montresor, Denis H. Lynn, Patrick J. Keeling, Glen L. Wheeler, Linda A. Amaral-Zettler, Daniel Vaulot, Jan Pawlowski, Ruth D. Gates, Brian S. Leander, Heather M. Wilcox, Andrew R. Juhl, Govind Nadathur, Erick R. James, Rose Ann Cattolico, Alastair G. B. Simpson, Susanne Menden-Deuer, G. Jason Smith, George B. McManus, Christopher J. Gobler, Heidi M. Sosik, Connor Cameron, Jackie L. Collier, Shauna A. Murray, Scott N. Twary, William H. Wilson, Claudio H. Slamovits, Peter B. Ngam, Phillipe Deschamps, Eric E. Allen, Roberts, Roland G, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Department of Botany, University of British Columbia [Vancouver], Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute (MBARI), Monterey Bay Aquarium Research Institute, School of Marine and Atmospheric Sciences [Stony Brook] (SoMAS), Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Marine Biology Research Division, University of California [San Diego] (UC San Diego), University of California (UC)-University of California (UC), The Josephine Bay Paul Center for comparative molecular biology and evolution, Department of Geological Sciences [Providence], Brown University, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Department of biochemistry & molecular biology, Dalhousie University [Halifax], National center for genome resources (NCGR), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Institute of Marine and Coastal Science, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey [New Brunswick] (RU), Rutgers University System (Rutgers)-Rutgers University System (Rutgers), Department of Oceanography [College Station], Texas A&M University [College Station], Department of biology, University of Southern California (USC), University of Delaware [Newark], School of biological sciences, Victoria University of Wellington, Ecologie Systématique et Evolution (ESE), Université Paris-Sud - Paris 11 (UP11)-AgroParisTech-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of earth and environmental sciences and the Lamont-Doherty earth observatory, Columbia University [New York], Department of Molecular Biosciences [Oslo], Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences [Oslo], University of Oslo (UiO)-University of Oslo (UiO), Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology, Hawai'i Institute of Marine Biology (HIMB), Department of biomedical sciences, University of Prince Edward Island, Graduate School of Oceanography [Narragansett], University of Rhode Island (URI), Department of cell and molecular biology, University of Rhode Island, University of Rhode Island (URI)-University of Rhode Island (URI), Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), Jacobs University [Bremen], Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Department of biological sciences, Smith College [Northampton], University of South Alabama, Department of invertebrate zoology, Saint Petersburg State Technical University, Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University (SPSPU)-Saint Petersburg State Polytechnical University (SPSPU), Department of genetics and evolution, Université de Genève = University of Geneva (UNIGE), Department of Marine sciences, University of Connecticut (UCONN), département de biologie, Université Laval [Québec] (ULaval), Department of Integrative Biology, University of Guelph, Department of zoology, University of British Columbia (UBC), Department of Marine, Earth, and Atmospheric Sciences [NCSU] (MEAS), North Carolina State University [Raleigh] (NC State), University of North Carolina System (UNC)-University of North Carolina System (UNC), University of New Brunswick (UNB), School of biosciences and biotechnology, Università degli Studi di Camerino = University of Camerino (UNICAM), School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Plant Functional Biology and Climate Change Cluster (C3), University of Technology Sydney (UTS), Department of Marrine sciences, University of Puerto Rico (UPR), National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, University of Pisa - Università di Pisa, Biologie intégrative des organismes marins (BIOM), Observatoire océanologique de Banyuls (OOB), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Chemistry and Geochemistry, Colorado School of Mines, department of biology, Lund University [Lund], Department of molecular and cell biology, Marine Biological Association of the UK, University of Western Ontario (UWO), Moss Landing Marine Laboratories, Section of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin [Austin], Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Diversité et Interactions au sein du Plancton Océanique (DIPO), Adaptation et diversité en milieu marin (AD2M), Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), department of microbiology and plant biology, University of Oklahoma (OU), Plymouth Marine Laboratory (PML), Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, Princeton University, University of Britsh Columbia [Vancouver], University of California-University of California, University of Geneva [Switzerland], Università degli Studi di Camerino (UNICAM), Plymouth Marine Laboratory, and Roberts, Roland G.
Subjects: Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Databases, Factual, animal genomics, Immunology and Microbiology (all), Biochemistry, Medical and Health Sciences, Transcriptome, transcriptome analysis, Community Page, sequence databases, Environmental Microbiology, Biology (General), Molecular Sequence Data, Sequence Analysis, Biodiversity, Eukaryota, Oceans and Seas, Agricultural and Biological Sciences (all), Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology (all), Neuroscience (all), Medicine (all), Genetics, General Neuroscience, marine ecology, Biological Sciences, genome sequencing, General Agricultural and Biological Sciences, Biologie, QH301-705.5, Sequence analysis, Ecology (disciplines), Marine Biology, Genomics, Biology, Microbiology, General Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology, DNA sequencing, Databases, Microbial ecology, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], 14. Life underwater, Life Below Water, Factual, Comparative genomics, Marine biology, Evolutionary Biology, General Immunology and Microbiology, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Ecology and Environmental Sciences, Human Genome, Biology and Life Sciences, 15. Life on land, Evolutionary biology, plant genomics, Generic health relevance, genomic library construction, Genomic databases, Developmental Biology
Abstract: Microbial ecology is plagued by problems of an abstract nature. Cell sizes are so small and population sizes so large that both are virtually incomprehensible. Niches are so far from our everyday experience as to make their very definition elusive. Organisms that may be abundant and critical to our survival are little understood, seldom described and/or cultured, and sometimes yet to be even seen. One way to confront these problems is to use data of an even more abstract nature: molecular sequence data. Massive environmental nucleic acid sequencing, such as metagenomics or metatranscriptomics, promises functional analysis of microbial communities as a whole, without prior knowledge of which organisms are in the environment or exactly how they are interacting. But sequence-based ecological studies nearly always use a comparative approach, and that requires relevant reference sequences, which are an extremely limited resource when it comes to microbial eukaryotes [1]. In practice, this means sequence databases need to be populated with enormous quantities of data for which we have some certainties about the source. Most important is the taxonomic identity of the organism from which a sequence is derived and as much functional identification of the encoded proteins as possible. In an ideal world, such information would be available as a large set of complete, well-curated, and annotated genomes for all the major organisms from the environment in question. Reality substantially diverges from this ideal, but at least for bacterial molecular ecology, there is a database consisting of thousands of complete genomes from a wide range of taxa, supplemented by a phylogeny-driven approach to diversifying genomics [2]. For eukaryotes, the number of available genomes is far, far fewer, and we have relied much more heavily on random growth of sequence databases [3],[4], raising the question as to whether this is fit for purpose.
Published: 2014

30. The seasonal cycle of δ13CDIC in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre

Author: Racapé, Virginie, Metzl, Nicolas, Pierre, Catherine, Reverdin, Gilles, Quay, P. D., Ólafsdóttir, Sólveig R., Biogéochimie-Traceurs-Paléoclimat (BTP), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Équipe CO2 (E-CO2), Interactions et Processus au sein de la couche de Surface Océanique (IPSO), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Marine Research Institute (MARINE RESEARCH INSTITUTE), Marine Research Institute, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract: International audience; This study introduces for the first time the δ13CDIC seasonality in the North Atlantic subpolar gyre (NASPG) using δ13CDIC data obtained in 2005-2006 and 2010-2012 with dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) and nutrient observations. On the seasonal scale, the NASPG is characterized by higher δ13CDIC values during summer than during winter, with a seasonal amplitude between 0.70 ± 0.10‰ (August 2010-March 2011) and 0.77 ± 0.07‰ (2005-2006). This is mainly attributed to photosynthetic activity in summer and to a deep remineralization process during winter convection, sometimes influenced by ocean dynamics and carbonate pumps. There is also a strong and negative linear relationship between δ13CDIC and DIC during all seasons. Winter data also showed a large decrease in δ13CDIC associated with an increase in DIC between 2006 and 2011-2012, but the observed time rates (-0.04‰ yr-1and +1.7 μmol kg-1 yr-1) are much larger than the expected anthropogenic signal.
Published: 2014

31. El Niño evolution during the Holocene revealed by a biomarker rain gauge in the Galápagos Islands

Author: Zhaohui Zhang, Julian P. Sachs, Guillaume Leduc, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], State Key Laboratory for Mineral Deposits Research, Nanjing University (NJU), Institute of Geosciences [Kiel], Christian-Albrechts-Universität zu Kiel (CAU), Centre européen de recherche et d'enseignement des géosciences de l'environnement (CEREGE), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Collège de France (CdF)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Collège de France (CdF (institution))-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Geochemistry and Petrology, Axial precession, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Ice age, Holocene, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Tropical pacific, Rain gauge, hydrogen isotope, Galápagos, La Niña, Geophysics, Oceanography, El Niño, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, Climatology, biomarker, Droughts in the United States, ENSO, Geology
Abstract: International audience; The El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) represents the largest perturbation to the climate system on an inter-annual time scale, but its evolution since the end of the last ice age remains debated due to the lack of unambiguous ENSO records lasting longer than a few centuries. Changes in the concentration and hydrogen isotope ratio of lipids produced by the green alga Botryococcus braunii, which blooms during El Niño rains in the Galápagos Islands, indicate that the early Holocene (9200–5600 yr BP) was characterized by alternating extremes in the intensity and/or frequency of El Niño events that lasted a century or more. Our data from the core of the ENSO region thus calls into question earlier studies that reported a lack of El Niño activity in the early Holocene. In agreement with other proxy evidence from the tropical Pacific, the mid-Holocene (5600–3500 yr BP) was a time of consistently weak El Niño activity, as were the Early Middle Ages (∼1000–1500 yr BP). El Niño activity was moderate to high during the remainder of the last 3500 years. Periods of strong or frequent El Niño tended to occur during peaks in solar activity and during extended droughts in the United States Great Plains linked to La Niña. These changing modes of ENSO activity at millennial and multi-centennial timescales may have been caused by variations in the seasonal receipts of solar radiation associated with the precession of the equinoxes and/or changes in solar activity, respectively.
Published: 2014

32. Prokaryotic responses to hydrostatic pressure in the ocean - a review

Author: Christian, Tamburini, Mehdi, Boutrif, Marc, Garel, Rita R, Colwell, Jody W, Deming, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Center for Bioinformatics and Computational Biology [Maryland] (CBCB), University of Maryland [College Park], University of Maryland System-University of Maryland System, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], ANR-05-BLAN-0161,POTES,Pressure effects On marine prokaryoTES(2005), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), and Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Aquatic Organisms, Prokaryotic Cells, Oceans and Seas, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Hydrostatic Pressure, Temperature, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Water Microbiology, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography
Abstract: International audience; Effects of hydrostatic pressure on pure cultures of prokaryotes have been studied extensively but impacts at the community level in the ocean are less well defined. Here we consider hydrostatic pressure effects on natural communities containing both unadapted (piezosensitive) prokaryotes originating from surface water and adapted (including piezophilic) prokaryotes from the deep sea. Results from experiments mimicking pressure changes experienced by particle-associated prokaryotes during their descent through the water column show that rates of degradation of organic matter (OM) by surface-originating microorganisms decrease with sinking. Analysis of a much larger data set shows that, under stratified conditions, deep-sea communities adapt to in situ conditions of high pressure, low temperature and low OM. Measurements made using decompressed samples and atmospheric pressure thus underestimate in situ activity. Exceptions leading to overestimates can be attributed to deep mixing events, large influxes of surface particles, or provision of excessive OM during experimentation. The sediment-water interface, where sinking particles accumulate, will be populated by a mixture of piezosensitive, piezotolerant and piezophilic prokaryotes, with piezophilic activity prevailing deeper within sediment. A schematic representation of how pressure shapes prokaryotic communities in the ocean is provided, allowing a reasonably accurate interpretation of the available activity measurements.
Published: 2013

33. Biotic and abiotic degradation of alkenones and implications for UK'37 paleoproxy applications. A review

Author: RONTANI, Jean-Francois, Volkman, John K., Prahl, F.G., Wakeham, Stuart G., Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), CSIRO Marine and Atmospheric Research (CSIRO-MAR), Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation [Canberra] (CSIRO), College of Earth, Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences [Corvallis] (CEOAS), Oregon State University (OSU), Skidaway Institute of Oceanography, Institute of Oceanography, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: Aerobic and anaerobic biodegradation, Sulfurization, Alkenones, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Biotic and abiotic degradation, Autoxidation, Paleotemperature estimations, Lipid tracers, Photooxidation, Stereomutation
Abstract: International audience; Lipid biomarkers in sediments are widely used to infer environmental conditions that have occurred in the geological past, but these reconstructions require a careful consideration of the biotic and abiotic processes that degrade and alter the lipid biomarker compositions before and after deposition. In this paper, we use alkenones produced by haptophyte microalgae to explore the range of effects of these degradative processes. Alkenones are now perhaps the best studied of all biomarkers with several hundred papers on their occurrence in organisms, seawater and sediments. Much information has been obtained on their degradation from laboratory incubations and inferences from changes in their distribution in aquatic environments. Although alkenones are often considered as more stable than many other lipid classes, it is now clear that their distributions can be affected by processes such as prolonged oxygen exposure, aerobic bacterial degradation and thiyl radical-induced stereomutation processes which, in some cases, can lead to changes in the proportions of the alkenones used in the temperature proxy. The same set of chemical and biological processes act on all lipids in aquatic environments and, in cases where there is a marked difference in reactivity, this may lead to significant changes in the biomarker distributions and relative proportions of different lipid classes.
Published: 2013

34. Water mass transformation and the North Atlantic Current in three multicentury climate model simulations

Author: Langehaug, H. R., Rhines, P. B., Eldevik, T., Mignot, Juliette, Lohmann, Katja, Nansen Environmental and Remote Sensing Center [Bergen] (NERSC), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Bjerknes Centre for Climate Research (BCCR), Department of Biological Sciences [Bergen] (BIO / UiB), University of Bergen (UiB)-University of Bergen (UiB), Geophysical Institute [Bergen] (GFI / BiU), University of Bergen (UiB), Variabilité climatique tropicale et globale (VARCLIM), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Max Planck Institute for Meteorology (MPI-M), Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], North Atlantic Current, Subpolar Mode Water, Mathematics and natural science: 400::Geosciences: 450::Oceanography: 452 [VDP]
Abstract: International audience; The warm and saline Subtropical Water carried by the North Atlantic Current undergoes substantial transformation on its way to higher latitudes, predominantly from oceanic heat loss to the atmosphere. The geographical distribution of the surface forced water mass transformation is assessed in multicentury climate simulations from three different climate models (BCM, IPSLCM4, and MPI-M ESM), with a particular focus on the eastern subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. A diagnosis, originally introduced by Walin (1982), estimates the surface water mass transformation from buoyancy forcing. While the depth structure of the Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is similar in all models, their climatological heat and freshwater fluxes are very different. Consistently, the models differ in their mean pathways of the North Atlantic Current, location of upper ocean low salinity waters, as well as in sea ice cover. In the two models with an excessive sea ice extent in the Labrador Sea, most of the water mass transformation in the subpolar region occurs in the eastern part (east of 35°W). The variability of the eastern water mass transformation on decadal time scales is related to the variable warm northward flow into the subpolar region, the upper branch of AMOC, where a strengthened flow leads an intensified transformation. This relationship seems to disappear with a weak connection between the Subtropical and Subpolar gyres.
Published: 2012

35. Selective occurrence of Rhizobiales in frost flowers on the surface of young sea ice near Barrow, Alaska and distribution in the polar marine rare biosphere

Author: Bowman, J. S., Larose, Catherine, Vogel, Timothy, Deming, Jody, Ampère (AMPERE), École Centrale de Lyon (ECL), Université de Lyon-Université de Lyon-Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1 (UCBL), Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées de Lyon (INSA Lyon), Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Université de Lyon-Institut National des Sciences Appliquées (INSA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement (INRAE), School of Oceanography [Seattle], and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: DNA, Bacterial, Arctic Regions, fungi, Molecular Sequence Data, food and beverages, Biodiversity, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Microarray Analysis, DNA, Ribosomal, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, Cluster Analysis, Ice Cover, Cloning, Molecular, Alaska, Phylogeny, Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length, Alphaproteobacteria
Abstract: International audience; Frost flowers are highly saline ice structures that grow on the surface of young sea ice, a spatially extensive environment of increasing importance in the Arctic Ocean. In a previous study, we reported organic components of frost flowers in the form of elevated levels of bacteria and exopolymers relative to underlying ice. Here, DNA was extracted from frost flowers and young sea ice, collected in springtime from a frozen lead offshore of Barrow, Alaska, to identify bacteria in these understudied environments. Evaluation of the distribution of 16S rRNA genes via four methods (microarray analysis, T-RFLP, clone library and shotgun metagenomic sequencing) indicated distinctive bacterial assemblages between the two environments, with frost flowers appearing to select for Rhizobiales. A phylogenetic placement approach, used to evaluate the distribution of similar Rhizobiales sequences in other polar marine studies, indicated that some of the observed strains represent widely distributed members of the marine rare biosphere in both the Arctic and Antarctic.
Published: 2012

36. Phytoplankton distribution in unusually low sea ice cover over the Pacific Arctic

Author: Haiyan Jin, Marie-Alexandrine Sicre, Pierre Coupel, Véronique Garçon, R. Horner, Jianfang Chen, H. A. Bouvet, M. Joo, Diana Ruiz-Pino, Jean-Claude Gascard, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratory of Marine Ecosystem and Biogeochemistry, Second Institute of Oceanography, Department of Oceanography, Pusan National University, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Paléocéanographie (PALEOCEAN), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN), Université Paris-Saclay-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), and Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Arctic sea ice decline, 0106 biological sciences, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], lcsh:Life, Antarctic sea ice, 01 natural sciences, lcsh:QH540-549.5, Phytoplankton, Sea ice, Cryosphere, Marine ecosystem, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Earth-Surface Processes, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, lcsh:QE1-996.5, 15. Life on land, Arctic ice pack, lcsh:Geology, lcsh:QH501-531, Oceanography, Arctic, 13. Climate action, Environmental science, lcsh:Ecology
Abstract: A large part of the Pacific Arctic basin experiences ice-free conditions in summer as a result of sea ice cover steadily decreasing over the last decades. To evaluate the impact of ice retreat on the Arctic ecosystem, we investigated phytoplankton communities from coastal sites (Chukchi shelf) to northern deep basins (up to 86° N), during year 2008 of high melting. Pigment and taxonomy in situ data were acquired under different ice regime: the ice -free basins (IFB, 74°–77° N), the marginal ice zone (MIZ, 77°–80° N) and the heavy ice covered basins (HIB, >80° N). Our results suggest that extensive ice melting provided favorable conditions to chrysophytes and prymnesiophytes growth and more hinospitable to pico-sized prasinophytes and micro-sized dinoflagellates. Larger cell diatoms were less abundant in the IFB while dominant in the MIZ of the deep Canadian basin. Our data were compared to those obtained during more icy years, 1994 and to a lesser extent, 2002. Freshening, stratification, light and nutrient availability are discussed as possible causes for observed phytoplankton communities under high and low sea ice cover.
Published: 2012

37. Reconstructing past upwelling intensity and the seasonal dynamics of primary productivity along the Peruvian coastline from mollusk shell stable isotopes

Author: Sadler, James, Carré, Matthieu, Azzoug, Moufok, Schauer, Andrew J., Ledesma, Jesus, Cardenas, Fredy, Chase, Brian M., Bentaleb, Ilhem, Muller, Serge D., Mandeng Yogo, Magloire, Rohling, Eelco J., Sachs, Julian P., National Oceanography Centre [Southampton] (NOC), University of Southampton, Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Earth and Space Sciences [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Instituto del Mar del Peru (IMARPE), Paléoclimats, proxies, processus (PALEOPROXUS), Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636))
Subjects: [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-GEO-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph]
Abstract: International audience; We present here a potential new method to evaluate past variations of the mean intensity of Peruvian coastal upwelling and of the seasonal timing of phytoplankton blooms. This method uses a combination of the monthly carbon and oxygen isotopic signals preserved in fossil mollusk shells, and a series of corrections to extract the variations of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) δ13C. Based on the analysis of five shell samples (85 shells in total) from the southern Peruvian coast, we suggest that the mean coastal upwelling intensity can be determined from a linear relationship between average values of corrected shell δ13C and δ18O. This new potential proxy would bring additional independent information valuable to interpret paleoproductivity changes reconstructed from marine sediment of the nearby continental shelf. Results obtained on fossil samples from the middle Holocene show an increase in upwelling intensity during this period associated to a spatial reorganization of upwelling centers along the South Peruvian coast. At the seasonal scale, corrected shell δ13C enrichment indicates a phytoplankton bloom. Seasonal timing of phytoplankton blooms can be estimated by the lag with the annual temperature cycle reproduced by shell δ18O monthly variations. The results obtained with two modern shell samples indicate phytoplankton blooms occurring during summer and fall, consistently with in situ productivity observations. Our method relies on revisited assumptions about the influence of temperature and metabolism in mollusk shell δ13C. We further discussed the validity of these assumptions and the potential implications for the interpretation of similar data sets.
Published: 2012

38. Three-dimensional gravity study of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge: Evolution of the segmentation between 28° and 29°N during the last 10 m.y

Author: Jean-Christophe Sempéré, Céline Rommevaux, Philippe Patriat, C. Deplus, Institut de Physique du Globe de Paris (IPGP), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS), Laboratoire de tectonique, mécanique de la lithosphère (LTML), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-IPG PARIS, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Université de La Réunion (UR)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de tectonique, mécanique de la lithosphère (LTML (UMR_7578)), and IPG PARIS-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Soil Science, Mid-Atlantic Ridge, Aquatic Science, Classification of discontinuities, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Gravity anomaly, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Bathymetry, Magnetic anomaly, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, geography, geography.geographical_feature_category, Ecology, Paleontology, Forestry, Mid-ocean ridge, Seafloor spreading, Geophysics, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Space and Planetary Science, Seismology, Bouguer anomaly, Geology
Abstract: During the high-resolution survey SARA (Segmentation Ancienne de la Ride Atlantique), Sea Beam bathymetry, magnetic, gravity, and seismic reflection data were collected on the flanks of the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, between 28° and 29°N. This survey was designed to provide off-axis information (up to approximately 10 m.y.) and to complement a detailed on-axis survey carried out in 1988 and 1989 (Sempere et al., 1990) between the Atlantis and Kane fracture zones. A previous gravity study had revealed the existence of “bulls-eye” shaped gravity lows centered on the axial segments and gravity highs centered on the non-transform discontinuities (Lin et al., 1990). We carried out a three-dimensional calculation of the mantle Bouguer anomaly in order to investigate if the axial pattern of circular anomaly lows can be followed on the flanks of the spreading center. The off-axis gravity anomalies are characterized by anomaly lows over the centers of the segments and anomaly highs over the discontinuities. After correcting for the gravity effect of lithospheric cooling away from the ridge, the segmentation configuration determined from gravity data appears to be very similar to that deduced from bathymetry. Off-axis bathymetry is characterized by southward pointing, V-shaped basins which indicate that the traces of the nontransform discontinuities do not follow plate motion flow lines and that each ridge segment advances and retreats continuously. However, the gravity trace of the discontinuities is always slightly offset with respect to the bathymetric lows: northward on the western flank and southward on the eastern flank. The sense of offset between the gravity and bathymetric traces appears to be related to the right-stepping nature of the axial discontinuities.
Published: 1994

39. Iron isotopes in the seawater of the equatorial Pacific Ocean: New constraints for the oceanic iron cycle

Author: James W. Murray, François Lacan, A. Radic, GEOMAR LEGOS, Laboratoire d'études en Géophysique et océanographie spatiales (LEGOS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Université Fédérale Toulouse Midi-Pyrénées-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Météo France-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Observatoire Midi-Pyrénées (OMP), Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier (UT3), and Université de Toulouse (UT)-Université de Toulouse (UT)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Météo-France -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Biogeochemical cycle, Water mass, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Terrigenous sediment, Sediment, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Isotopic signature, Geophysics, Oceanography, Iron cycle, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, Geochemistry and Petrology, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), Seawater, 14. Life underwater, Thermocline, Geology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: This study presents the isotopic compositions and concentrations of dissolved and particulate iron from two seawater profiles of the western and central equatorial Pacific Ocean, sampled during the EUCFe cruise. Most of the δ56Fe values are positive (relative to IRMM-14), from + 0.01 to + 0.58‰ in the dissolved fraction (DFe) and from − 0.02 to + 0.46‰ in the particulate fraction (PFe). The mean measurement uncertainty of ± 0.08‰ (2SD) allows the observation of significant variations. Most of the isotope variations occur in the vertical and not in the horizontal direction, implying that each isotope signature is preserved over long distances within a water mass. The thermocline waters of the Papua New Guinea (PNG) area, mostly influenced by sedimentary inputs, display a mean δ56DFe value of + 0.37‰ (± 0.15‰, 2SD). This isotopic signature suggests that the process releasing dissolved iron into the seawater in this area is a non reductive dissolution of sediments (discharged by local rivers and likely re-suspended by strong boundary currents), rather than Dissimilatory Iron Reduction (DIR) within the sediment (characterized by negative δ56DFe). These positive δ56DFe values seem to be the result of a mean isotopic fractionation of Δ56FeDFe-PFe = + 0.20‰ (± 0.11‰, 2SD) produced by the non reductive dissolution. At 0°N, 180°E, the Fe isotope signature of the Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) waters is identical to that of the PNG station within the range of the uncertainty. This suggests that the dissolved iron feeding the EUC, and ultimately the eastern Pacific high nutrient low chlorophyll area, is of PNG origin, likely released by a non reductive dissolution of terrigenous sediments. Significant Fe removals are observed within the thermocline and the intermediate waters between the PNG and the open ocean stations. The corresponding isotopic fractionations appear to be small, with Δ56Feremoved-SW Fe values of −0.30 ± 0.31‰ to −0.18 ± 0.12‰ (2SD) for DFe removal and of −0.10 ± 0.04‰ to −0.05 ± 0.31‰ (2SD) for PFe removal. In the chlorophyll maximum of the open ocean station, the isotopic fractionation associated with biological uptake is estimated at Δ56Fephyto-DFe = −0.25 ± 0.10‰ to -0.13 ± 0.11‰ (2SD). Although these fractionations are based on a limited dataset and need to be further constrained, they appear to be small and to limit the transformations of the iron source signatures within the ocean.
Published: 2011

40. Biodiversity change after climate-induced ice-shelf collapse in the Antarctic

Author: Maria Eugenia Manjón-Cabeza, Iain Barratt, Meike Meißner, Julian Gutt, Maarten Raes, Henri Robert, Jan Seiler, Antoine Grémare, Armin Rose, Craig R. Smith, Meike Scheidat, Américo Montiel, Karl-Hermann Kock, Hans-Werner Schenke, Elisabet Sañé Schepisi, Werner Dimmler, Thomas Saucède, Dorte Janussen, Enrique Isla, Stephanie Langner, Linn Sophia Lehnert, Eugene W. Domack, Cédric d'Udekem d'Acoz, Elaina Jorgensen, Pablo José López-Gonzáles, Olaf Heilmayer, Katrin Linse, Department of Bentho-pelagic processes, Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), School of Biological Sciences, Queen's University [Belfast] (QUB), Department of Geosciences, Hamilton College, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS), FIELAX GmbH, Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques (EPOC), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers (OASU), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] (ICM), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Madrid] (CSIC), Senckenberg Research Institute and Natural History Museum, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Institute for Sea Fisheries, Johann Heinrich von Thüne Institute, Research and Technology Centre, University of Kiel, Department of Physiology and Zoology, University of Sevilla, British Antarctic Survey (BAS), Natural Environment Research Council (NERC), Department of Animal Biology, Universidad de Málaga [Málaga] = University of Málaga [Málaga], Zoological Research Museum Alexander Koenig, Instituto de la Patagonia, Universidad de Magellanes, Marine Biology Section, Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research [Wilhelmshaven, Allemagne] (DZMB), Senckenberg am Meer, Biogéosciences [UMR 6282] [Dijon] (BGS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Bourgogne (UB)-AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement, Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), Financial support of ANT XXIII/8 Polarstern expedition by CAML, BIANZO II, UMAC, DFG and of L.M. Gould and N.B. Palmer expeditions by NSF., Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research ( AWI ), Queen's University [Belfast] ( QUB ), Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences ( RBINS ), Environnements et Paléoenvironnements OCéaniques ( EPOC ), Observatoire aquitain des sciences de l'univers ( OASU ), Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux 1-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers ( INSU - CNRS ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ) -École pratique des hautes études ( EPHE ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), Institute of Marine Sciences / Institut de Ciències del Mar [Barcelona] ( ICM ), Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas [Spain] ( CSIC ), British Antarctic Survey ( BAS ), Natural Environment Research Council ( NERC ), Universidad de Málaga [Málaga], Ghent University [Belgium] ( UGENT ), German Centre for Marine Biodiversity Research, Senckenberg Research Institute, Biogéosciences [Dijon] ( BGS ), AgroSup Dijon - Institut National Supérieur des Sciences Agronomiques, de l'Alimentation et de l'Environnement-Université de Bourgogne ( UB ) -Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique ( CNRS ), and University of Hawaii at Manoa ( UHM )
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Krill, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, [SDV.BID]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, Ice shelf, 1st insights, Benthos, Antarctic Peninsula, Euphausia superba [Antarctic krill], Ecosystemen, Ecosystem, Marine ecosystem, 14. Life underwater, southern-ocean, biogeography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, [ SDV.BID ] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity, geography, [ SDE.BE ] Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, deep-sea, geography.geographical_feature_category, biology, aggregations, Ecology, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Pelagic zone, 15. Life on land, biology.organism_classification, Apex predators, Iceberg, [ SDE.MCG ] Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, western weddell sea, 13. Climate action, Benthic zone, peninsula, Deep-sea species, species-diversity, impact, Pioneer species, ross sea, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, Geology
Abstract: Julian Gutt ... et al. -- 10 pages, 5 figures, 1 table, supplementary data https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.05.024, The marine ecosystem on the eastern shelf of the Antarctic Peninsula was surveyed 5 and 12 years after the climate-induced collapse of the Larsen A and B ice shelves. An impoverished benthic fauna was discovered, that included deep-sea species presumed to be remnants from ice-covered conditions. The current structure of various ecosystem components appears to result from extremely different response rates to the change from an oligotrophic sub-ice-shelf ecosystem to a productive shelf ecosystem. Meiobenthic communities remained impoverished only inside the embayments. On local scales, macro- and mega-epibenthic diversity was generally low, with pioneer species and typical Antarctic megabenthic shelf species interspersed. Antarctic Minke whales and seals utilised the Larsen A/B area to feed on presumably newly established krill and pelagic fish biomass. Ecosystem impacts also extended well beyond the zone of ice-shelf collapse, with areas of high benthic disturbance resulting from scour by icebergs discharged from the Larsen embayments, Financial supportofANTXXIII/8 Polarstern expedition by CAML, BIANZOII, UMAC, DFGandof L.M. Gould and N.B. Palmer expeditions by NSF.Additional species identification by E.Cano (E.C.), C.DeBroyer (C.D.B.), J.-M.Gili (J.-M.G.), C.M.Lopez-Fedela Cuadra (C.M.L.), C. McClelland (C.M.), E.Rodríguez (E.R.), M.Roux (M.R.), V.Siegel, N.Teixido, H.Wägele (H.W.), helpful comments by A. Van reuse land two anonymous referees. ROV provided by MARUM/University of Bremen, oceanographic equipment by D. Gerdes.This is CAML contribution #39
Published: 2011

41. Constraining ventilation during deepwater formation using deep ocean measurements of the dissolved gas ratios40Ar/36Ar, N2/Ar, and Kr/Ar

Author: Nicolas Caillon, David P. Nicholson, Steven Emerson, Jean Jouzel, Roberta C. Hamme, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), Glaces et Continents, Climats et Isotopes Stables (GLACCIOS), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), School of Earth and Ocean Sciences [Victoria] (SEOS), University of Victoria [Canada] (UVIC), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: Solubility pump, Atmospheric Science, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bubble, Soil Science, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, Atmospheric sciences, 01 natural sciences, Deep sea, Carbon cycle, Geochemistry and Petrology, TRACER, Earth and Planetary Sciences (miscellaneous), 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Earth-Surface Processes, Water Science and Technology, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, Ecology, 010505 oceanography, Paleontology, Forestry, Geophysics, 13. Climate action, Space and Planetary Science, General Circulation Model, Saturation (chemistry), Secondary air injection, Geology
Abstract: equilibrium saturation, and for d 40 Ar a value of 1.188‰ ± 0.055‰ relative to air. These data are used to constrain high‐latitude ventilation processes in the framework of three‐box and seven‐box ocean models. For the three‐box model tracer data, we constrain the appropriate surface area of the high‐latitude region in both models to be 3.6% (+2.5%, −1.7%) of ocean surface area and the bubble air injection rate to be 22.7 (+8.8, −7.3) mol air m −2 yr −1 . Results for the seven‐box model were similar, with a high‐latitude area of 3.3% (+2.2%, −1.3%). Our results provide geochemical support for suggestions that the effective area of high‐latitude ventilation is much smaller than the region of elevated preformed nutrients and demonstrate that noble gases strongly constrain the ocean solubility pump. Reducinghigh‐latitude surfaceareaweakens theCO2solubility pumpintheboxmodels and limits communication between the atmosphere and deep ocean. These tracers should be usefulconstraintsonhigh‐latitudeventilationandthestrengthofthesolubilitypumpinmore complex ocean general circulation models.
Published: 2010

42. Digital expression profiling of novel diatom transcripts provides insight into their biological functions

Author: Jean Weissenbach, Michael Katinka, Jean-Paul Cadoret, Pascal J. Lopez, Raymond Kaas, Agnès Meichenin, Marc Heijde, Véronique Martin-Jézéquel, Jean-Louis Petit, Betina M. Porcel, Assaf Vardi, Kamel Jabbari, Micaela S. Parker, Uma Maheswari, Thomas Mock, E. Virginia Armbrust, Alessandra De Martino, Chris Bowler, Andrew E. Allen, Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (IBENS), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Génomique métabolique (UMR 8030), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE), Physiologie et biotechnologie des Algues (PBA), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Marine Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Mer, molécules et santé EA 2160 (MMS), Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST), Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], School of Environmental Sciences [Norwich], University of East Anglia [Norwich] (UEA), Department of Plant Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science [Rehovot, Israël], Funding for the Diatom Digital Gene Expression Database was from the European Union-funded Diatomics project and the Agence Nationale de la Recherche (France). cDNA construction and DNA sequencing was funded by Genoscope (France)., BMC, Ed., Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université d'Évry-Val-d'Essonne (UEVE)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Institut de biologie de l'ENS Paris (UMR 8197/1024) (IBENS), Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, and Université de Nantes (UN)-Université de Nantes (UN)-Le Mans Université (UM)-Université de Nantes - UFR des Sciences et des Techniques (UN UFR ST)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Salinity, [SDV.GEN] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Carbon Dioxide, 01 natural sciences, Genome, MESH: Nitrogen, Expressed Sequence Tags, Genetics, 0303 health sciences, Expressed sequence tag, MESH: Iron, biology, Temperature, Adaptation, Physiological, MESH: Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Temperature, [SDV.BBM.GTP] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], MESH: Diatoms, Nitrogen, Iron, Molecular Sequence Data, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Computational biology, Environment, MESH: Expressed Sequence Tags, 03 medical and health sciences, MESH: Gene Expression Profiling, [SDV.BBM.GTP]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Genomics [q-bio.GN], RNA, Messenger, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, MESH: Environment, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, MESH: RNA, Messenger, Diatoms, [SDV.GEN]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Genetics, MESH: Molecular Sequence Data, Gene Expression Profiling, Silicates, Research, fungi, Carbon Dioxide, biology.organism_classification, MESH: Adaptation, Physiological, Gene expression profiling, Diatom, Gene Expression Regulation, MESH: Silicates, Function (biology), MESH: Salinity, 010606 plant biology & botany
Abstract: International audience; BACKGROUND: Diatoms represent the predominant group of eukaryotic phytoplankton in the oceans and are responsible for around 20% of global photosynthesis. Two whole genome sequences are now available. Notwithstanding, our knowledge of diatom biology remains limited because only around half of their genes can be ascribed a function based onhomology-based methods. High throughput tools are needed, therefore, to associate functions with diatom-specific genes. RESULTS: We have performed a systematic analysis of 130,000 ESTs derived from Phaeodactylum tricornutum cells grown in 16 different conditions. These include different sources of nitrogen, different concentrations of carbon dioxide, silicate and iron, and abiotic stresses such as low temperature and low salinity. Based on unbiased statistical methods, we have catalogued transcripts with similar expression profiles and identified transcripts differentially expressed in response to specific treatments. Functional annotation of these transcripts provides insights into expression patterns of genes involved in various metabolic and regulatory pathways and into the roles of novel genes with unknown functions. Specific growth conditions could be associated with enhanced gene diversity, known gene product functions, and over-representation of novel transcripts. Comparative analysis of data from the other sequenced diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana, helped identify several unique diatom genes that are specifically regulated under particular conditions, thus facilitating studies of gene function, genome annotation and the molecular basis of species diversity. CONCLUSIONS: The digital gene expression database represents a new resource for identifying candidate diatom-specific genes involved in processes of major ecological relevance.
Published: 2010

43. Biogeochemical impact of a model western iron source in the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent

Author: Thomas Gorgues, James W. Murray, Olivier Aumont, Lia O. Slemons, Christophe E. Menkès, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Laboratoire de physique des océans (LPO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Biogeochemical cycle, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Bioavailability, Iron, Equatorial Pacific, Transport, Biological pump, Aquatic Science, Oceanography, 01 natural sciences, chemistry.chemical_compound, Nitrate, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, Advection, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, Trace element, Biogeochemistry, High-nitrate low-chlorophyll, Limitation, 16. Peace & justice, Plume, chemistry, 13. Climate action, Upwelling, Environmental science, Export, Ecosystem model
Abstract: Trace element distributions in the source waters of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent (EUC) show the existence of elevated total acid-soluble iron concentrations. This region has been suggested to contribute enough bioavailable iron to regulate interannual and interglacial variability in biological productivity downstream in the high-nitrate low-chlorophyll upwelling zone of the eastern equatorial Pacific. We investigated the advection and first-order biogeochemical impact of an imposed, data-based iron maximum in the western Pacific EUC using an ecosystem model forced by a global dynamical model. We imposed two source profiles of iron constrained by total acid-soluble iron measurements. Though the data for total acid-soluble iron included both dissolved and acid-soluble particulate iron species, we treated all of the total acid-soluble iron as if it was dissolved and bioavailable. A deeper (270 m) source was centered in the density horizon of the observed iron maximum and a shallower (180 m) source was located in the core of our model's EUC, where a dissolved iron maximum has been frequently postulated. These source runs were compared with a control run that contained no specific source of iron associated with the EUC. In the source runs elevated iron concentrations were simulated in the EUC across its entire zonal span, evident as a subsurface plume of dissolved iron slightly below the core of the EUC. In the control run there was no iron maximum associated with the EUC. Upwelling of iron-replete water in the central and eastern equatorial Pacific increased integrated primary productivity in the Wyrtki box (180 degrees W:90 degrees W, 5 degrees S:5 degrees N, 0:200 m) by 41% and 66% for the deeper and shallower iron perturbation, respectively. The source runs increased the realism of the zonal extent of HNLC conditions and the meridional distributions of biological productivity, relative to the control run. However, in the source simulations surface chlorophyll concentrations were too high by a factor of two and maximum surface nitrate concentrations were too low, relative to climatologies. The relative abundance of diatoms roughly doubled upon the input of additional iron, exceeding field observations. Though biogeochemical data are limited and we did not adjust parameters to optimize the model fits to observations, these results suggest that acid-soluble particulate iron supplied to the EUC in the western equatorial Pacific is unlikely to be entirely bioavailable.
Published: 2009

44. Nitrogen fixation in the western equatorial Pacific: Rates, diazotrophic cyanobacterial size class distribution, and biogeochemical significance

Author: BONNET, Sophie, Biegala, Isabelle C., Dutrieux, Pierre, Slemons, Lia, Capone, Douglas, Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Caractérisation et modélisation des échanges dans des lagons soumis aux influences terrigènes et anthropiques (CAMELIA), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Nouvelle-Calédonie])-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD [Guyane]), Centre d'océanologie de Marseille (COM), Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Oceanography, University of Hawai‘i [Mānoa] (UHM), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)
Subjects: VARIATION SAISONNIERE, [SDV]Life Sciences [q-bio], FIXATION BIOLOGIQUE DE L'AZOTE, [SDE]Environmental Sciences, MICROPLANCTON, [SDV.BBM.BM]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biochemistry, Molecular Biology/Molecular biology, ANALYSE QUANTITATIVE, [SDE.BE]Environmental Sciences/Biodiversity and Ecology, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, CYCLE BIOGEOCHIMIQUE, CYANOBACTERIE
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2009

45. Insights into early Holocene hunter-gatherer mobility on the Peruvian Southern Coast from mollusk gathering seasonality

Author: Orest E. Kawka, Danièle Lavallée, Matthieu Carré, Ilhem Bentaleb, Michèle Julien, Laurent Klaric, Michel Fontugne, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Institut des Sciences de l'Evolution de Montpellier (UMR ISEM), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École Pratique des Hautes Études (EPHE), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Préhistoire et Technologie (PréTech), Université Paris Nanterre (UPN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Archéologie des Amériques (ArchAm), Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne (UP1)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Géochrononologie Traceurs Archéométrie (GEOTRAC), Laboratoire des Sciences du Climat et de l'Environnement [Gif-sur-Yvette] (LSCE), Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris-Saclay-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ), École pratique des hautes études (EPHE), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Montpellier (UM)-Centre de Coopération Internationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de recherche pour le développement [IRD] : UR226
Subjects: 010506 paleontology, Archeology, [SDE.MCG]Environmental Sciences/Global Changes, Fishing, 01 natural sciences, [SDV.EE.ECO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Ecology, environment/Ecosystems, [SDU.STU.GC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geochemistry, Sclerochronology, medicine, 0601 history and archaeology, Ecosystem, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, Hunter-gatherer, Holocene, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences, 060102 archaeology, Ecology, [CHIM.ORGA]Chemical Sciences/Organic chemistry, Plant community, 06 humanities and the arts, Seasonality, medicine.disease, [SDE.ES]Environmental Sciences/Environmental and Society, Geography, [SDU.STU.CL]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Climatology, [SDU.STU.ST]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Stratigraphy, [SHS.ENVIR]Humanities and Social Sciences/Environmental studies, Period (geology)
Abstract: Quebrada de los Burros (QLB) is an early Archaic coastal archaeological site in southern Peru (~18.1 � S) and the most extensively studied in the area for this period. It was occupied from 10 to 6.5 ka by fishermen also practicing hunting and mollusk gathering. Shell growth lines in 116 individuals of the surf clam Mesodesma donacium were studied to determine the month of their death (� 2 months). Our results show that, for the whole occupation period, mollusk gathering was a seasonal activity mainly practiced during austral spring and summer. A change occurred between the early and the middle Holocene: the mollusk gathering season in the middle Holocene occurred ~3 months earlier in the year than in the older levels. This behavior change could have a cultural origin, rather than dictated by the environment for it is associated with changes in the lithic industry. QLB occupants also hunted herbivores in the nearby lomas ecosystems. These plant communities only grow during the fog season from June to December, suggesting that the site was occupied during this season. A comparison of the span of the mollusk gathering season and the lomas season suggests that, at least during the early Holocene, QLB was occupied all the year round. A permanent freshwater source and the proximity of the sea, the lomas, and raw lithic materials, provided ideal conditions for a permanent occupation. This result reveals a strategy based on a seasonal alternation between marine and terrestrial resources exploitation.
Published: 2009

46. Decadal variations in equatorial Pacific ecosystems and ferrocline/pycnocline decoupling

Author: Rodgers, Keith B., Aumont, Olivier, Menkès, Christophe E., Gorgues, Thomas, Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Program [Princeton] (AOS Program), NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL), National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA)-Princeton University, Laboratoire d'Océanographie et du Climat : Expérimentations et Approches Numériques (LOCEAN), Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Muséum national d'Histoire naturelle (MNHN)-Institut Pierre-Simon-Laplace (IPSL (FR_636)), École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université de Versailles Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines (UVSQ)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université Paris Diderot - Paris 7 (UPD7)-École polytechnique (X)-Centre National d'Études Spatiales [Toulouse] (CNES)-Sorbonne Université (SU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: variability, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], ecosystems, [SDU.STU.OC]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Oceanography, Pacific
Abstract: International audience; The equatorial Pacific Ocean is known for its large interannual to decadal variability in circulation. In particular, the changes that occurred in 1976/1977 have received considerable attention in the climate dynamics literature, and recently there has been much attention focused on changes that may have occurred there in 1997/1998. Unfortunately, because of data sparsity, the impact of these changes or shifts on ocean biogeochemistry and ecosystems remains largely unknown. Here a three-dimensional ocean circulation model (the ORCA2 configuration of OPA) which has a food web/biogeochemistry model (PISCES) embedded in it, and which has been forced with both NCEP-1 and ERA-40 reanalysis fluxes over multiple decades, is used as a tool to investigate decadal changes and their associated mechanisms. Our main finding with the model is that a decrease in the amplitude of the surface zonal wind stress in the tropical Pacific in the mid-to-late-1970s leads to a decrease in Fe and Chl concentrations in the upwelling regions of the eastern equatorial Pacific after 1976/1977. These changes find expression predominantly during the upwelling season (the seasonal maximum for Fe and Chl concentrations), when surface Fe and Chl concentrations tend to be significantly higher pre-1976/1977 than post-1976/1977. The changes in Chl concentrations need to be understood as modulations of the amplitude of the seasonal cycle, rather than as a "biological regime shift" (an abrupt transition from one mean state to another). In contrast to what is found for Fe and Chl, for NO3 the decadal changes in surface concentrations in the upwelling region about 1976/1977 can be described as a shift in the mean state. It is shown that the response in surface Fe and Chl in the upwelling region about 1976/1977 is proportionally larger than the decadal changes in surface wind stress forcing, and it is also larger than the previously reported change in the strength of the meridional overturning strength of the subtropical cells (STCs). Importantly, this amplified response reflects a decoupling of the ferrocline and pycnocline within the equatorial Pacific. In this way, the presence of a time-invariant sediment source for Fe can substantially amplify the ecosystem response to decadal variability in ocean circulation.
Published: 2008

47. The $Phaeodactylum$ genome reveals the evolutionary history of diatom genomes

Author: Yves Van de Peer, Michael R. Sussman, Frédéric Verret, Miyoshi Haruta, Angela Falciatore, John A. Berges, Leszek Rychlewski, Anusuya Willis, Richard E. Jorgensen, Michael Katinka, Jane Grimwood, Betina M. Porcel, Magali Siaut, Klaus Valentin, Pascal J. Lopez, Marc Heijde, Véronique Martin-Jézéquel, Jean-Louis Petit, Wim Vyverman, Edda Rayko, Klaas Vandepoele, Miroslav Oborník, Anthony Chiovitti, Alan Kuo, E. Virginia Armbrust, Matthew Robison, Alessandra De Martino, Nils Kröger, Susan Lucas, Colin Brownlee, Alison Taylor, Igor V. Grigoriev, Jonathan H. Badger, Kamel Jabbari, Jérome Fournet, Jeremy Schmutz, Uma Maheswari, Sacha Coesel, Michele S. Stanley, J. Chris Detter, Chang Jae Choi, Thomas Mock, Assaf Vardi, Markus Lommer, Aaron Kaplan, Yolaine Joubert, Florian Maumus, Katerina Jiroutova, Anton Montsant, Colleen A. Durkin, Cindy Martens, Bank Beszteri, Micaela S. Parker, Asaf Salamov, Linda K. Medlin, Karen M. McGinnis, Ansgar Gruber, Marie J. J. Huysman, Manuela Mangogna, Lucyan S. Wyrwicz, Jean-Paul Cadoret, Peter von Dassow, Daniel S. Rokhsar, Marie-Pierre Oudot-Le Secq, Carolyn A. Napoli, Beverley R. Green, Erica Lindquist, Peter G. Kroth, Chris Bowler, Andrew E. Allen, Tatiana A. Rynearson, Nicole Poulsen, Bethany D. Jenkins, Harris Shapiro, Robert Otillar, Jean Weissenbach, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), J. Craig Venter Institute, J. Craig Venter Institute [La Jolla, USA] (JCVI), Department of Energy / Joint Genome Institute (DOE), Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), DOE Joint Genome Institute [Walnut Creek], Center for Plant Systems Biology (PSB Center), Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie [Ghent, Belgique] (VIB), Institut de biologie de l'Ecole Normale Supérieure (IBENS), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Alfred-Wegener-Institut, Helmholtz-Zentrum für Polar- und Meeresforschung (AWI), Biologie moléculaire des organismes photosynthétiques (UMR8186), Département de Biologie - ENS Paris, Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS-PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Genoscope - Centre national de séquençage [Evry] (GENOSCOPE), Université Paris-Saclay-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA), Environnement, Bioénergie, Microalgues et Plantes (EBMP), Institut de Biosciences et Biotechnologies d'Aix-Marseille (ex-IBEB) (BIAM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Marine Biological Association, Physiologie et biotechnologie des Algues (PBA), Biotechnologies et Ressources Marines (BRM), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Laboratory of Ecology and Evolution of Plankton, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn (SZN), Génomique des Microorganismes (LGM), Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris 6 (UPMC)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Marine Biogeochemistry, Leibniz-Institut für Meereswissenschaften (IFM-GEOMAR), Biology Institute, University of Arizona, School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Stanford School of Medicine [Stanford], Stanford Medicine, Stanford University-Stanford University, Station biologique de Roscoff [Roscoff] (SBR), European Project: 29849,DIATOMICS, Savelli, Bruno, Understanding Diatom Biology by Functional Genomics Approaches - DIATOMICS - 29849 - OLD, École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris), Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Bioénergie et Microalgues (EBM), Direction de Recherche Fondamentale (CEA) (DRF (CEA)), Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives (CEA)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), Génomique des microorganismes, and Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Université Paris sciences et lettres (PSL)-Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-École normale supérieure - Paris (ENS Paris)
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, Thalassiosira pseudonana, Molecular Sequence Data, 01 natural sciences, Genome, Evolution, Molecular, 03 medical and health sciences, DNA, Algal, Phylogenetics, [SDV.BID.EVO] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], Gene family, [SDV.BV]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, [SDV.BV] Life Sciences [q-bio]/Vegetal Biology, 14. Life underwater, Phaeodactylum tricornutum, Gene, 030304 developmental biology, Genetics, Diatoms, 0303 health sciences, Multidisciplinary, biology, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Heterokont, [SDV.BID.EVO]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Biodiversity/Populations and Evolution [q-bio.PE], fungi, biology.organism_classification, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Diatom, Genes, Bacterial, Biologie, 010606 plant biology & botany, Signal Transduction
Abstract: Diatoms are photosynthetic secondary endosymbionts found throughout marine and freshwater environments, and are believed to be responsible for around one-fifth of the primary productivity on Earth. The genome sequence of the marine centric diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana was recently reported, revealing a wealth of information about diatom biology. Here we report the complete genome sequence of the pennate diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum and compare it with that of T. pseudonana to clarify evolutionary origins, functional significance and ubiquity of these features throughout diatoms. In spite of the fact that the pennate and centric lineages have only been diverging for 90 million years, their genome structures are dramatically different and a substantial fraction of genes (
Published: 2008

48. Coastal versus open-ocean denitrification in the Arabian Sea

Author: Naqvi, S. W. A., Naik, H., Pratihary, A., D? Souza, W., Narvekar, P. V., Jayakumar, D. A., Devol, A. H., Yoshinari, T., Saino, T., CSIR National Institute of Oceanography [India] (NIO), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], New York State Department of Health [Albany], Hydrospheric Atmospheric Research Center, Nagoya University, National Centre for Antarctic and Ocean Research, Headland Sada, Department of Geosciences [Princeton], Princeton University, and EGU, Publication
Subjects: 0106 biological sciences, [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, [SDU.ASTR]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, 010604 marine biology & hydrobiology, [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, [SDU.ASTR] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph], 01 natural sciences, [SDU.ENVI] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, [PHYS.ASTR.CO]Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], [PHYS.ASTR.CO] Physics [physics]/Astrophysics [astro-ph]/Cosmology and Extra-Galactic Astrophysics [astro-ph.CO], 13. Climate action, [SDU.STU] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, 14. Life underwater, [SDU.ENVI]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Continental interfaces, environment, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; The Arabian Sea contains one of the three major open-ocean denitrification zones in the world. In addition, pelagic denitrification also occurs over the inner and mid-shelf off the west coast of India. The major differences between the two environments are highlighted using the available data. The perennial open-ocean system occupies two orders of magnitude larger volume than the seasonal coastal system, however, the latter offers more extreme conditions (greater nitrate consumption leading to complete anoxia). Unlike the open-ocean system, the coastal system seems to have undergone a change (i.e., it has intensified) over the past few decades presumably due to enhanced nutrient loading from land. The two systems also differ from each other with regard to the modes of nitrous oxide (N2O) production: in the open-ocean suboxic zone, an accumulation of secondary nitrite (NO2?) is invariably accompanied by depletion of N2O whereas in the coastal suboxic zone high NO2? and very high N2O concentrations frequently co-occur, indicating, respectively, net consumption and net production of N2O by denitrifiers. The extents of heavier isotope enrichment in the combined nitrate and nitrite (NO3?+NO2?) pool and in N2O in reducing waters appear to be considerably smaller in the coastal region, reflecting more varied sources/sinks and/or different isotopic fractionation factors.
Published: 2006

49. Skew of mantle upwelling beneath the East Pacific Rise governs segmentation

Author: Robert S. Detrick, William S. D. Wilcock, Robert Dunn, David Jousselin, Douglas R. Toomey, Department of Geological Sciences [Oregon], University of Oregon [Eugene], Centre de Recherches Pétrographiques et Géochimiques (CRPG), Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Lorraine (UL)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Department of Geology and Geophysics, SOEST, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA, University of Hawaii, School of Oceanography [Seattle], and University of Washington [Seattle]
Subjects: [SDU.STU.TE]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Tectonics, Seismic anisotropy, geography, Multidisciplinary, geography.geographical_feature_category, 010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences, Mantle wedge, [SDU.STU.GP]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Geophysics [physics.geo-ph], [SDU.STU]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences, Mid-ocean ridge, 010502 geochemistry & geophysics, 01 natural sciences, Mantle (geology), Oceanography, 13. Climate action, Oceanic crust, Asthenosphere, [SDU]Sciences of the Universe [physics], Hotspot (geology), Transition zone, [SDU.STU.VO]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Earth Sciences/Volcanology, Environmental science, Petrology, 0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Abstract: International audience; Mantle upwelling is essential to the generation of new oceanic crust at mid-ocean ridges, and it is generally assumed that such upwelling is symmetric beneath active ridges. Here, however, we use seismic imaging to show that the isotropic and anisotropic structure of the mantle is rotated beneath the East Pacific Rise. The isotropic structure defines the pattern of magma delivery from the mantle to the crust. We find that the segmentation of the rise crest between transform faults correlates well with the distribution of mantle melt. The azimuth of seismic anisotropy constrains the direction of mantle flow, which is rotated nearly 10u anticlockwise from the plate-spreading direction. The mismatch between the locus of mantle melt delivery and the morphologic ridge axis results in systematic differences between areas of on-axis and off-axis melt supply. We conclude that the skew of asthenospheric upwelling and transport governs segmentation of the East Pacific Rise and variations in the intensity of ridge crest processes. The origin of segmentation of oceanic spreading centres is controversial. According to one point of view, along-axis differences in ridge crest processes result directly from three-dimensional mantle upwelling 1-4. Sites of vigorous volcanic and hydrothermal activity are thus thought to overlie regions of greater magma supply. Limited knowledge of mantle structure, however, has given rise to diverging opinions on the scale of three-dimensional upwellings 2-6. Alternatively, segmentation of ridge crest processes may be regulated by the tectonic rifting of young lithosphere 7 , and thus not directly linked to the form of mantle upwelling. In this case mantle flow could be either two-dimensional 8 or three-dimensional and less obvious because of efficient along-axis transport of magma by viscous flow 9. Along the global ridge system, the fast-spreading East Pacific Rise (EPR) between the Siqueiros and Clipperton transforms (Fig. 1) currently offers our best opportunity for understanding the relations between mantle upwelling and ridge crest processes. There are several reasons for this. This section of the EPR encompasses a full spectrum of rise axis discontinuities, including: two large-offset transform faults; large, long-lived (9u 039 N) and small, short-lived (9u 379 N) overlapping spreading centres (OSCs) 10-12 ; and smaller-scale mor-phologic 3 , petrologic 5,12 and seismic 6,13,14 discontinuities that are typical of fast-spreading ridge segments. Accompanying these axial discontinuities are well known along-axis variations in seafloor depth, axial high morphology 15 , crustal structure and thickness 16-19 , lava chemistry 5,12,20,21 , and seafloor hydrothermal 22,23 and biological activity 22. These characteristics of the EPR, including the origin of ridge crest segmentation, have been hypothesized to result from the supply of magma from the mantle. We conducted the UNDERSHOOT experiment (our data-gathering cruise) to seismically image the crustal and mantle structure between the Clipperton and Siqueiros transforms to determine the pattern of magma delivery from the mantle to the crust. Here we present the first images of mantle structure beneath an entire ridge segment bounded by long-lived tectonic discontinuities (Fig. 1). Good image resolution allows direct comparison between the scales of segmenta-tion observed along this section of the EPR with the physical structure of the topmost mantle. Our results allow conclusions to be drawn about the driving and controlling processes for segmentation of fast-spreading ridges. Experiment geometry and tomographic imaging The distribution of seismic receivers and sources used to image crustal and mantle structure is shown in Fig. 1. The experiment constrains the structure of the uppermost mantle within 4 km of the Mohorovičić discontinuity and within an area extending 15 km to either side of the rise axis and 230 km along the spreading centre. A three-dimensional model of off-axis crustal structure and thickness is used to analyse the mantle refraction data (see Supplementary Information). The P n data (from the wave refracted below the Moho) provide good spatial sampling of mantle structure throughout the image volume (Fig. 2a). P n travel-time residuals plotted by azimuth reveal a cos2H pattern (Fig. 2b), a signal indicative of azimuthal seismic anisotropy. The azimuth of anisotropy (that is, the fast direction for P n propagation) is N73uE 6 1u (see Supplementary Information). Tomographic inversions, discussed below, confirm this result. The azimuth of anisotropy is rotated 9u anticlockwise with respect to the predicted spreading direction 24 (N82uE). Plotted by rise crossing point, P n travel-time residuals show evidence for anomalously low and variable upper-mantle velocities (Fig. 2c). The average isotropic velocity that best fits the P n data (7.6 km s 21) is less than typical upper-mantle velocities, whereas delays are greater towards the centre of the transform-bounded segment and less within 20 km of the transforms. Tomographic inversion (see Supplementary Information) of P n travel-time data reveals a mantle low-velocity zone (MLVZ) that is segmented on a scale comparable to tectonic offsets of the EPR (Fig. 1). The MLVZ decreases in amplitude towards each transform, in agreement with the decrease in mean P n delays (Fig. 2c). Between transforms, the MLVZ follows two en echelon trends that are orthogonal to the azimuth of seismic anisotropy (Fig. 1b, green lines). The en echelon trends are offset in a right lateral sense and rotated
Published: 2006

50. Composition and Degradation of Marine Particles with Different Settling Velocities from MedFlux Experiments

Author: Goutx, Madeleine, Wakeham, Stuart G., Lee, Cindy, Moriceau, Brivaëla, Duflos, Marie, M., Xue, Peterson, Michael L., I., Putnam, Laboratoire de MicrobiologiE de Géochimie et d'Ecologie Marines (LMGEM), Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2, Stony Brook University [SUNY] (SBU), State University of New York (SUNY), Marine Sciences Research Center (MSRC), State University of New York (SUNY)-State University of New York (SUNY), Laboratoire des Sciences de l'Environnement Marin (LEMAR) (LEMAR), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut Français de Recherche pour l'Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Institut Universitaire Européen de la Mer (IUEM), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut méditerranéen d'océanologie (MIO), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN), School of Oceanography [Seattle], University of Washington [Seattle], Moriceau, Brivaëla, Université de la Méditerranée - Aix-Marseille 2-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Brest (UBO)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD)-Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Institut national des sciences de l'Univers (INSU - CNRS)-Université de Toulon (UTLN)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS)
Subjects: [SDU.OCEAN]Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, [SDU.OCEAN] Sciences of the Universe [physics]/Ocean, Atmosphere, ComputingMilieux_MISCELLANEOUS
Abstract: International audience
Published: 2006

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