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Background\ud \ud Observational and pre-clinical studies have reported an association between selenium status, bone density, bone turnover and fracture risk. Selenium is an anti-oxidant, so we hypothesised that selenium could reduce the pro-resorptive action of reactive oxygen species on osteoclasts. Population mortality data suggest that the optimum range for serum selenium is 120–150 µg/l. Most adults in Europe are relatively selenium insufficient compared with adults in the USA and other geographical areas.\ud \ud \ud Objectives\ud \ud The objectives of the study were to determine if selenium supplementation in postmenopausal women with osteopenia decreased bone turnover, improved physical function or decreased markers of oxidative stress and inflammation.\ud \ud \ud Design\ud \ud We conducted a 6-month double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial.\ud \ud \ud \ud Setting\ud \ud This was a single-centre study in Sheffield, UK.\ud \ud \ud Participants\ud \ud We recruited 120 postmenopausal women with osteopenia or osteoporosis. One hundred and fifteen women completed follow-up and were included in the intention-to-treat analysis.\ud \ud \ud Interventions\ud \ud The interventions were sodium selenite as Selenase 200 µg/day, Selenase 50 µg/day (biosyn, Germany) and placebo.\ud \ud \ud Main outcome measures\ud \ud The primary end point was urine N–terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type I collagen/Cr (NTX/Cr) at 26 weeks. Groups were compared with an analysis of covariance, through the use of Hochberg testing. Secondary end points were other biochemical markers of bone turnover, bone mineral density by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry and physical function scores (short physical performance battery and grip strength). The mechanistic end points were markers of inflammation and anti-oxidant activity (glutathione peroxidase, highly sensitive C-reactive protein and interleukin 6).\ud \ud \ud Results\ud \ud In the 200 µg/day group, mean serum selenium increased from 78.8 µg/l (95% confidence interval 73.5 to 84.2 µg/l) to 105.7 µg/l (95% confidence interval 99.5 to 111.9 µg/l) at 26 weeks. Urine NTX/Cr did not differ between treatment groups at 26 weeks. None of the secondary or mechanistic end-point measurements differed between the treatment groups at 26 weeks.\ud \ud \ud Conclusions\ud \ud We conclude that selenium supplementation at these doses does not affect bone turnover (assessed by NTX/Cr) and is not beneficial for musculoskeletal health in postmenopausal women.\ud \ud \ud Trial registration\ud \ud IRAS 200308, EudraCT 2016-002964-15 and ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02832648.\ud \ud \ud Funding\ud \ud This project was funded by the Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation (EME) programme, a MRC and National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) partnership. This will be published in full in Efficacy and Mechanism Evaluation; Vol. 8, No. 6. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

Fragestellung: Die traumatische Rückenmarksverletzung (TSCI) und resultierende Querschnittslähmung stellen die moderne Medizin vor große Herausforderungen. Einen entscheidenden Faktor für die Zukunftsorientierung, Planung, Vorbereitung und Einleitung von Maßnahmen stellen die[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)

Fragestellung: Das Spurenelement Selen (Se) ist entscheidend für die Biosynthese von Selenoproteinen. Sowohl die Entwicklung des Nervensystems als auch das Überleben von Neuronen, die Stress ausgesetzt sind, hängen von einer regelmäßigen Biosynthese von Selenoprotein und einer[zum vollständigen Text gelangen Sie über die oben angegebene URL], Deutscher Kongress für Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie (DKOU 2019)

Selenoprotein genetic variations and suboptimal selenium (Se) levels may contribute to the risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We examined the association between CRC risk and genotype for single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in selenoprotein and Se metabolic pathway genes. Illumina Goldengate assays were designed and resulted in the genotyping of 1040 variants in 154 genes from 1420 cases and 1421 controls within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Multivariable logistic regression revealed an association of 144 individual SNPs from 63 Se pathway genes with CRC risk. However, regarding the selenoprotein genes, only TXNRD1 rs11111979 retained borderline statistical significance after adjustment for correlated tests (PACT = 0.10; PACT significance threshold was P < 0.1). SNPs in Wingless/Integrated (Wnt) and Transforming growth factor (TGF) beta-signaling genes (FRZB, SMAD3, SMAD7) from pathways affected by Se intake were also associated with CRC risk after multiple testing adjustments. Interactions with Se status (using existing serum Se and Selenoprotein P data) were tested at the SNP, gene, and pathway levels. Pathway analyses using the modified Adaptive Rank Truncated Product method suggested that genes and gene x Se status interactions in antioxidant, apoptosis, and TGF-beta signaling pathways may be associated with CRC risk. This study suggests that SNPs in the Se pathway alone or in combination with suboptimal Se status may contribute to CRC development. © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.

Adequate intake of copper and zinc, two essential micronutrients, are important for antioxidant functions. Their imbalance may have implications for development of diseases like colorectal cancer (CRC), where oxidative stress is thought to be etiologically involved. As evidence from prospective epidemiologic studies is lacking, we conducted a case-control study nested within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort to investigate the association between circulating levels of copper and zinc, and their calculated ratio, with risk of CRC development. Copper and zinc levels were measured by reflection X-ray fluorescence spectrometer in 966 cases and 966 matched controls. Multivariable adjusted odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated using conditional logistic regression and are presented for the fifth versus first quintile. Higher circulating concentration of copper was associated with a raised CRC risk (OR = 1.50; 95% CI: 1.06, 2.13; P-trend = 0.02) whereas an inverse association with cancer risk was observed for higher zinc levels (OR = 0.65; 95% CI: 0.43, 0.97; P-trend = 0.07). Consequently, the ratio of copper/zinc was positively associated with CRC (OR = 1.70; 95% CI: 1.20, 2.40; P-trend = 0.0005). In subgroup analyses by follow-up time, the associations remained statistically significant only in those diagnosed within 2 years of blood collection. In conclusion, these data suggest that copper or copper levels in relation to zinc (copper to zinc ratio) become imbalanced in the process of CRC development. Mechanistic studies into the underlying mechanisms of regulation and action are required to further examine a possible role for higher copper and copper/zinc ratio levels in CRC development and progression. © The Author 2017. Published by Oxford University Press.

Selenium status is suboptimal in many Europeans and may be a risk factor for the development of various cancers, including those of the liver and biliary tract. Objective: We wished to examine whether selenium status in advance of cancer onset is associated with hepatobiliary cancers in the EPIC (European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition) study. Design: We assessed prediagnostic selenium status by measuring serum concentrations of selenium and selenoprotein P (SePP; the major circulating selenium transfer protein) and examined the association with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC; n = 121), gallbladder and biliary tract cancers (GBTCs; n = 100), and intrahepatic bile duct cancer (IHBC; n = 40) risk in a nested case-control design within the EPIC study. Selenium was measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence, and SePP was determined by a colorimetric sandwich ELISA. Multivariable ORs and 95% CIs were calculated by using conditional logistic regression. Results: HCC and GBTC cases, but not IHBC cases, showed significantly lower circulating selenium and SePP concentrations than their matched controls. Higher circulating selenium was associated with a significantly lower HCC risk (OR per 20-mg/L increase: 0.41; 95% CI: 0.23, 0.72) but not with the risk of GBTC or IHBC. Similarly, higher SePP concentrations were associated with lowered HCC risk only in both the categorical and continuous analyses (HCC: P-trend ≤ 0.0001; OR per 1.5-mg/L increase: 0.37; 95% CI: 0.21, 0.63). Conclusion: These findings from a large prospective cohort provide evidence that suboptimal selenium status in Europeans may be associated with an appreciably increased risk of HCC development. © 2016 American Society for Nutrition.

Suboptimal intakes of the micronutrient selenium (Se) are found in many parts of Europe. Low Se status may contribute to colorectal cancer (CRC) development. We assessed Se status by measuring serum levels of Se and Selenoprotein P (SePP) and examined the association with CRC risk in a nested case-control design (966 CRC cases; 966 matched controls) within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Se was measured by total reflection X-ray fluorescence and SePP by immunoluminometric sandwich assay. Multivariable incidence rate ratios (IRRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using conditional logistic regression. Respective mean Se and SePP levels were 84.0 μ/L and 4.3 mg/L in cases and 85.6 μ/L and 4.4 mg/L in controls. Higher Se concentrations were associated with a non-significant lower CRC risk (IRR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.82-1.03 per 25 lg/L increase). However, sub-group analyses by sex showed a statistically significant association for women (ptrend=0.032; per 25 μ/L Se increase, IRR=0.83, 95% CI: 0.70-0.97) but not for men. Higher SePP concentrations were inversely associated with CRC risk (ptrend=0.009; per 0.806 mg/L increase, IRR50.89, 95% CI: 0.82-0.98) with the association more apparent in women (ptrend=0.004; IRR=0.82, 95% CI: 0.72-0.94 per 0.806 mg/L increase) than men (ptrend50.485; IRR50.98, 95% CI: 0.86-1.12 per 0.806 mg/L increase). The findings indicate that Se status is suboptimal in many Europeans and suggest an inverse association between CRC risk and higher serum Se status, which is more evident in women. © 2014 UICC.

Hintergrund: Selen (Se), im Blut vornehmlich an sogenannte Selenoproteine gebunden, ist von großer Bedeutung bei der Regulation des Immunsystems. Selenoprotein P (SEPP) ist das wichtigste Selenoprotein bei Säugetieren. Bei der Hashimotoerkrankung führt eine Selensupplementation zu einer[for full text, please go to the a.m. URL], 172. Versammlung des Vereins Rheinisch-Westfälischer Augenärzte