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5. 3-year results of the German nationwide survey on eye injuries caused by fireworks

Author

Gabel-Pfisterer, A., Boehringer, D., Agostini, H., Fuest, M., Walter, P., Botros, Y., Mueller, A., Al-Ashi, N., Lenglinger, M., Mueller, B., Schoenfeld, S., Seibel, I., Joussen, A., Breuss, H., Kuchenbecker, J., Foerster, M. H., Berthold, A., Wirbelauer, C., Hofmayer, H., Wachtlin, J., Palka, K., Niemeyer, M., Walla, T., Pham, D., Aisenbrey, S., Tatsiou, A., Walch, A., Burk, R., Schultz, T., Tsiampalis, N., Rehmann, J., Sliwowska, U., Schojai, M., Schulze, K., Kamguia, N., Wirtz, C., Dick, B., Voelker, D., Wintergerst, M., Pfau, M., Melzer, C., Hoegen, D., Bosch, F., Andresen, J. C., Krohne, T., Holz, F., Kathke, M., Sturm, A., Noske, W., Huebner, T., Brandner, S., Feldmann, M., Morsek, J., Rainer, O., Bartsch, H., Ewald, K., Chankiewitz, E., Siegmund, T., Bohlen, A., Mohr, A., Hecker, J., Strassburger, P., Furashova, O., Engelmann, K., Krieb, A., Emmerich, K., Grajewski, L., Krause, L., Jabur, A., Ruediger, K., Lehmann, F., Sachs, H., Matthee, E., Steindorf, F., Schnitzler, C., Neumann, I., Korbmacher, J., Geerling, G., Doulgkeridis, J., Erhard, J., Dahms-Dowidat, K., Kotiasvili, T., Jagow, B. V., Lieder, A., Blum, M., Westerkemper, H., Boehm, M., Bornfeld, N., Bechrakis, N., Schultheiss, M., Scheider, A., Mueller, M., Kohnen, T., Eckert, T., Eckardt, C., Wisniewska, M., Just, A., Jehle, V., Reinhard, T., Seewald, J., Mais, C., Basiakos, S., Osman, B., Xanthopoulou, E., Friedburg, B., Graef, M., Lorenz, B., Just, U., Naxer, S., Oterendorp, C., Bemme, S., Callizo, J., Feltgen, N., Hoerauf, H., Menges, A., Tost, F., Stahl, A., Huth, A., Viestenz, A., Bertram, P., Skevas, C., Kromer, R., Casagrande, M., Grohmann, C., Mehlan, J., Schindler, P., Spitzer, M., Schargus, M., Eddy, M., Schumacher, S., Keserue, M., Scheler, A., Stemplewitz, B., Schaudig, U., Abou Moulig, W., Framme, C., Rosenthal, A., Hesse, L., Kunz, L., Spira, C., Suffo, S., Seitz, B., Wietstock, G., Augsten, R., Meller, D., Mayer, M., Vanselow, K., Lieb, W., Beutner, A., Effert, R., Ehlken, C., Roider, J., Hueber, A., Cursiefen, K., Schrage, N., Kroeger, M., Viehweg, N., Meier, P., Unterlauft, J. D., Wiedemann, P., Hattenbach, L., Kakkassery, V., Ranjbar, M., Mohi, A., Grisanti, S., Bastron, I., Sarac, S., Kaskel-Paul, S., Stoffelns, B., Schuster, A., Pfeiffer, N., Schulze, S., Praskevas, A., Sekundo, W., Weigel, M., Thieme, H., Wolf, A., Vounotrypidis, E., Priglinger, S., Bechstein, L., Maier, M., Lohmann, C., Haritoglu, C., Alten, F., Eter, N., Klishko, V., Holland, U., Medra, A., Weber, A., Hoeh, H., Schmidbauer, J., RiveraGomez, C., Plantzas, K., Weiss, M., Hille, K., Hoehn, F., Schrader, M., Napholz, A., Tandogan, T., Walter, C., Zuehlsdorff-Uthke, M., Liekfeld, A., Blecha, C., Barth, T., Helbig, H., Juenemann, A., Decker, A., Kuehn, M., Ladewig, M., Lenhard, K., Lackner, B., Gekeler, F., Holzschuh, I., Boden, K. T., Szurmann, P., Faul, D., May-Endres, K., Press, U., Luttke, J., Ziemssen, F., Bartz-Schmidt, U., Cordes, J., Raber, F., Mikielewicz, M., Kammerer, J., Kupferschmid, S., Buchwald, H., Werner, J., Kampmeier, J., Bula, A., Krauss, P., Strzalkowski, P., Hillenkamp, J., Gabel-Pfisterer, A., Boehringer, D., Agostini, H., Fuest, M., Walter, P., Botros, Y., Mueller, A., Al-Ashi, N., Lenglinger, M., Mueller, B., Schoenfeld, S., Seibel, I., Joussen, A., Breuss, H., Kuchenbecker, J., Foerster, M. H., Berthold, A., Wirbelauer, C., Hofmayer, H., Wachtlin, J., Palka, K., Niemeyer, M., Walla, T., Pham, D., Aisenbrey, S., Tatsiou, A., Walch, A., Burk, R., Schultz, T., Tsiampalis, N., Rehmann, J., Sliwowska, U., Schojai, M., Schulze, K., Kamguia, N., Wirtz, C., Dick, B., Voelker, D., Wintergerst, M., Pfau, M., Melzer, C., Hoegen, D., Bosch, F., Andresen, J. C., Krohne, T., Holz, F., Kathke, M., Sturm, A., Noske, W., Huebner, T., Brandner, S., Feldmann, M., Morsek, J., Rainer, O., Bartsch, H., Ewald, K., Chankiewitz, E., Siegmund, T., Bohlen, A., Mohr, A., Hecker, J., Strassburger, P., Furashova, O., Engelmann, K., Krieb, A., Emmerich, K., Grajewski, L., Krause, L., Jabur, A., Ruediger, K., Lehmann, F., Sachs, H., Matthee, E., Steindorf, F., Schnitzler, C., Neumann, I., Korbmacher, J., Geerling, G., Doulgkeridis, J., Erhard, J., Dahms-Dowidat, K., Kotiasvili, T., Jagow, B. V., Lieder, A., Blum, M., Westerkemper, H., Boehm, M., Bornfeld, N., Bechrakis, N., Schultheiss, M., Scheider, A., Mueller, M., Kohnen, T., Eckert, T., Eckardt, C., Wisniewska, M., Just, A., Jehle, V., Reinhard, T., Seewald, J., Mais, C., Basiakos, S., Osman, B., Xanthopoulou, E., Friedburg, B., Graef, M., Lorenz, B., Just, U., Naxer, S., Oterendorp, C., Bemme, S., Callizo, J., Feltgen, N., Hoerauf, H., Menges, A., Tost, F., Stahl, A., Huth, A., Viestenz, A., Bertram, P., Skevas, C., Kromer, R., Casagrande, M., Grohmann, C., Mehlan, J., Schindler, P., Spitzer, M., Schargus, M., Eddy, M., Schumacher, S., Keserue, M., Scheler, A., Stemplewitz, B., Schaudig, U., Abou Moulig, W., Framme, C., Rosenthal, A., Hesse, L., Kunz, L., Spira, C., Suffo, S., Seitz, B., Wietstock, G., Augsten, R., Meller, D., Mayer, M., Vanselow, K., Lieb, W., Beutner, A., Effert, R., Ehlken, C., Roider, J., Hueber, A., Cursiefen, K., Schrage, N., Kroeger, M., Viehweg, N., Meier, P., Unterlauft, J. D., Wiedemann, P., Hattenbach, L., Kakkassery, V., Ranjbar, M., Mohi, A., Grisanti, S., Bastron, I., Sarac, S., Kaskel-Paul, S., Stoffelns, B., Schuster, A., Pfeiffer, N., Schulze, S., Praskevas, A., Sekundo, W., Weigel, M., Thieme, H., Wolf, A., Vounotrypidis, E., Priglinger, S., Bechstein, L., Maier, M., Lohmann, C., Haritoglu, C., Alten, F., Eter, N., Klishko, V., Holland, U., Medra, A., Weber, A., Hoeh, H., Schmidbauer, J., RiveraGomez, C., Plantzas, K., Weiss, M., Hille, K., Hoehn, F., Schrader, M., Napholz, A., Tandogan, T., Walter, C., Zuehlsdorff-Uthke, M., Liekfeld, A., Blecha, C., Barth, T., Helbig, H., Juenemann, A., Decker, A., Kuehn, M., Ladewig, M., Lenhard, K., Lackner, B., Gekeler, F., Holzschuh, I., Boden, K. T., Szurmann, P., Faul, D., May-Endres, K., Press, U., Luttke, J., Ziemssen, F., Bartz-Schmidt, U., Cordes, J., Raber, F., Mikielewicz, M., Kammerer, J., Kupferschmid, S., Buchwald, H., Werner, J., Kampmeier, J., Bula, A., Krauss, P., Strzalkowski, P., and Hillenkamp, J.

Abstract

Background On festive days worldwide eyes are severely injured by fireworks. The data on the number and severity are to date not registered in Germany. Objective How frequent are firework-induced injuries in Germany, who are the affected, how serious are the injuries, which forms of treatment are necessary and how frequent are accompanying injuries? Method A German nationwide online-based survey was carried out in all inpatient eye departments and data over the last 3 consecutive years were descriptively analyzed. Results From New Years Eve 2016/2017, when 41 eye departments sent in data, the participation could be increased to 51 eye departments in 2018/2019. More than one third (33-39%) of all 1356 patients over 3 years were minors, 60% were younger than 25 years old and roughly 60% of patients were injured as bystanders or in an unclear situation. In total 25% of all eye injuries were considered severe and required inpatient treatment. Accompanying injuries of the other eye, the face and hands were more frequent in minors than in adults. Eyeball ruptures were reported in 10 minors and 38 adults over the 3 years. Conclusion Particularly minors and bystanders need better protection.

Published
2019

12. Case studies of fluid transients in subcooled pipe flow

Author

Bergant, A., Dudlik, A., Pothof, I., Schoenfeld, S. B. H., Arris S Tijsseling, Vardy, A. E., Publica, and Scientific Computing

Subjects
column separation, air pocket, liquid plug, fluid-structure interaction, ComputingMilieux_LEGALASPECTSOFCOMPUTING, water hammer, Druckstoß, Luftloch
Abstract

Transient regimes may cause excessive water hammer, and possible column separation, slug flow, plug flow and fluid-structure interaction (FSI) in the system. Fluid transients may severely disturb operation of the piping system and damage the system components. This paper presents authors' case studies of typical transient regimes in industrial and laboratory piping systems. The first case study deals with the sudden load rejection of a Francis turbine in Pluzna HPP (Slovenia). Then the results from pressure vessel blowdown experiments at UMSICHT's (Germany) pilot plant pipework are shown. Pump start with an air pocket in the system has been investigated by WL | Delft Hydraulics (The Netherlands). The last case study concerns impact tests in a structurally unrestrained pipe at the University of Dundee (UK). The underlying theory for these cases is briefly introduced and the measurements are compared with computed results.

Published
2003

13. Sichere Rohrleitungssysteme: Vermeidung von Druckstößen und Kavitationsschlägen

Author

Prasser, H.-M., Dudlik, A., Schoenfeld, S.-B., Apostolidis, A., Schlüter, S., and Publica

Subjects
passives Sicherheitssystem, Kavitationsschläge, Druckstoß, ABS-Armatur
Abstract

In Rohrleitungssystemen können durch instationäre Strömungsvorgänge gefährliche Betriebsbedingungen entstehen, die, infolge von mehrfach erhöhtem Systemdruck und von Lasteinträgen in Halterungen, Mensch und Umwelt erheblich schädigen. Je nach Industriebranche können unterschiedliche betriebsbedingte Ursachen zu sogenannten Druckstößen, Kavitations- und Kondensationsschlägen führen, z.B.: Kontaktkondensation von Dampf und Wasser (Kraftwerke), plötzliche Änderung der Flüssigkeitsgeschwindigkeit (Wasser, Chemie), Pfropfenströmungen (Öl- und Gasversorgung). Fraunhofer UMSICHT in Oberhausen und Forschungszentrum Rossendorf FZR untersuchen Ursachen, Folgen und Möglichkeiten zur Vermeidung von Druckstößen und Kavitationsschlägen. Hierzu stehen Versuchsanlagen unterschiedlichen Massstabs sowie kommerzielle wie eigenentwickelte Softwaretools zur Verfügung. Aus den Forschungsergebnissen wurden neue Methoden zur Vermeidung von Druckstößen und Kavitationsschlägen entwickelt. Hierbei werden neue oder vorhandene Absperrarmaturen mit einem hydraulischen Bremssystem (ABS-Armatur®) ausgerüstet und mit einer Rückschlagklappe kombiniert angeordnet. Das System gilt auch für bereits existierende Anlagen als besonders geeignet, da es keine Hilfsenergie benötigt und sich an Änderungen der Systemparameter Druck und Fließgeschwindigkeit selbständig anpasst.

Published
2002

15. Towards Failure Pattern Formation in Brittle Materials

Author

ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD, Grinfeld, M. A., McCauley, J. W., Schoenfeld, S. E., Wright, T. W., ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD, Grinfeld, M. A., McCauley, J. W., Schoenfeld, S. E., and Wright, T. W.

Abstract

Several Edge-on Impact (EOI) tests on transparent glasses and polycrystalline ceramics have shown that failure fronts have an extremely rough morphology, including the appearance of spikes. A simple thermodynamic theory has been used to interpret the observed morphological instability of failure fronts. For the case of isotropic phases, the instability criterion can be obtained in explicit form., See also ADM002075. Presented at the Army Science Conference (25th) held in Orlando, FL, on 27-30 Nov 2006. The original document contains color images.

Published
2006

16. Validation of a Perturbed-Continuum Model for Shear Localization

Author

TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN, Iyer, K., Schoenfeld, S., Casem, D., Wright, T., TEXAS UNIV AT AUSTIN, Iyer, K., Schoenfeld, S., Casem, D., and Wright, T.

Abstract

Material failure through microscale shear localization is a significant parameter in design of applications involving high deformation rates. Experiments and continuum analysis (Wright, 2002) have shown sudden stress collapse via shear localization may be related to velocity or strain rate perturbations in the vicinity of shear band initiation. This paper examines the validity of a recently developed perturbed-continuum model for predicting the timing of stress collapse. Perturbed-continuum models for rationalizing and predicting localization are highly desirable because they do not require direct modeling of microstructural defects or full numerical resolution of localized flow-for realistic problems, both would require computational resources that are well beyond current capabilities. The present work consists of split Hopkinson bar experiments and finite element analyses of stress collapse in a novel specimen geometry with controlled geometric perturbations, i.e., tilted cuboidal specimens. Experimental observations of the onset of stress collapse are compared with predictions that rely on the local strain rate field obtained with a normal finite element mesh for quantifying the theoretical perturbation., Presented at the DoD High Performance Computing Modernization Program (HPCMP) Users Group Conference (UGC), held in Williamsburg, Virginia on 7-11 June 2004. The original document contains color images. All DTIC reproductions will be in black and white. This article is from ADA492363 Proceedings of the HPCMP Users Group Conference 2004.

Published
2004

21. Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus skin infections among tattoo recipients--Ohio, Kentucky, and Vermont, 2004-2005

Author

Long, T., Coleman, D., Dietsch, P., McGrath, P., Brady, D., Thomas, D., Corzatt, T., Ruta, M., Duffy, R., Koch, E., Trent, S., Thayer, N., Heath, J., Schoenfeld, S., Lohff, C., Hageman, J., Jernigan, D., and Le-Maile-Williams, M.

Subjects
Tattooing -- Health aspects, Tattooing -- Risk factors, Staphylococcus aureus -- Diagnosis, Staphylococcus aureus -- Reports, Staphylococcus aureus -- Health aspects
Abstract

Community-associated methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (CA-MRSA) infections have emerged as a major cause of skin disease in the United States (1). Outbreaks of CA-MRSA have occurred among athletes, inmates at correctional [...]

Published
2006

23. Modeling Dynamic Behavior and Texture Evolution in Pure Tantalum (Ta)

Author

ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD, Schoenfeld, S. E., Ahzi, S., Vecchio, K. S., ARMY RESEARCH LAB ABERDEEN PROVING GROUND MD, Schoenfeld, S. E., Ahzi, S., and Vecchio, K. S.

Abstract

In order to model high strain rate deformation and texture evolution in commercially pure tantalum (Ta), description for the thermal elastic viscoplastic behavior of Ta single crystals is considered along with an associated polycrystal averaging scheme. The description incorporates a temperature dependent model for pencil glide on the planes of maximum resolved shear stress. Calculated stress strain data and texture evolution for this model are compared to those of a restricted glide model and to experimental data.

Published
1997

26. An outbreak of norovirus gastroenteritis at a swimming club--Vermont, 2004

Author

Blevins, L. Zanardi, Itani, D., Burns, A., Lohff, C., Schoenfeld, S., Knight, W., Thayer, N., Oetjen, J., Pugsley, N., Otto, C., Beach, M., Widdowson, M.-A., Bresee, J., Glass, R., Monroe, S., Browne, L., Adams, S., Amundson, M., and Podewils, L.J.

Subjects
Gastroenteritis -- Development and progression, Food poisoning -- Development and progression, Vermont -- Health aspects
Abstract

John Snow's historic investigation of a severe epidemic of cholera traced the cause of infection to a common water source (1). Today, 150 years later, waterborne diseases remain a public [...]

Published
2004

27. Failure Fronts in Brittle Materials and Their Morphological Instabilities.

Author

Grinfeld, M. A., Schoenfeld, S. E., and Wright, T. W.

Subjects
*MECHANICAL shock, *BRITTLENESS, *SHOCK waves, *STRAINS & stresses (Mechanics), *COLLISIONS (Physics)
Abstract

There are various observations and experiments showing that in addition to standard shock-wave fronts, which propagate with trans-sonic velocities, other much slower wave-fronts can propagate within glass or ceramic substances undergoing intensive damage. These moving fronts propagate into intact substance leaving intensively damaged substance behind them. They have been called failure fronts or waves. Failure fronts can be modeled either as sharp interfaces separating two states — the intact and comminuted states — or, alternatively, as continuous traveling waves with large spatial gradients of a damage parameter. Our approach is motivated by the analogy between failure fronts and fronts of slow combustion. In this paper we present two main theoretical results that require experimental verification. One of them concerns the speed of a failure wave generated by oblique impact of a brittle target. The other establishes a criterion for morphological instability of failure fronts. © 2006 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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29. Progress in Computational Models for Damage from Shear Bands and Voids.

Author

Wright, T. W., Schoenfeld, S. E., Ramesh, K. T., and Wu, X .Y.

Subjects
*BALLISTICS, *FLUID dynamics, *ADIABATIC invariants, *SHEAR (Mechanics), *PENETRATION mechanics, *FLUID dynamic measurements, *SCALING laws (Nuclear physics), *MECHANICS (Physics)
Abstract

Computational solid mechanics (CSM) for ballistics, as it exists today, does not have predictive capabilities that are comparable to those of computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The most important reason for this is the lack of high quality physical models for the damage and failure processes that occur during high-speed impact. An approach for modeling impact damage in metals, based on physical modeling of adiabatic shear bands and voids, will be presented. Scaling laws for damage from shear bands have been developed over the past decade from detailed analysis of the thermomechanical processes, and are being adapted for efficient use in large-scale computations. A similar approach for ductile void growth and spall has also been initiated. This approach is expected to lead to models that are based on the essence of the physics, rather than on fitting of phenomenological models to large databases. © 2004 American Institute of Physics [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2004
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38. Pertussis outbreak--Vermont, 1996.

Author

Schoenfeld, S. and Carney, J.K.

Subjects
*WHOOPING cough
Abstract

Describes an outbreak of pertussis in Vermont in 1996. Persons who were mostly affected; Symptoms of clinical cases of pertussis in Vermont; Statistical information on the outbreak; Details on the study.

Published
1997

44. Morphological instability of failure fronts.

Author

Grinfeld, M. A., Schoenfeld, S. E., and Wright, T. W.

Subjects
*CERAMICS, *SHOCK waves, *MECHANICAL shock, *TRANSONIC aerodynamics, *THERMODYNAMICS, *MECHANICS (Physics)
Abstract

There are various observations and experiments showing that, in addition to standard shock-wave fronts, which propagate with high trans-sonic velocities, some other much slower wave fronts can propagate within substance undergoing intensive damage. These moving fronts propagate within intact substance leaving behind them intensively damaged substance. These fronts were coined as failure waves. The failure waves can be modeled differently—in this letter they are modeled as sharp interfaces separating two states: the intact and comminuted states. Several penetration experiments with transparent glasses and ceramics have shown that failure fronts have an extremely rough morphology. We suggest a simple thermodynamic theory which allows interpreting appearance of the roughness as a manifestation of morphological instability of failure fronts. For the case of isotropic phases the instability criterion is presented in explicit form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006
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