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Summary: Feeding high levels (≥40% dry matter) of distillers grains may increase the risk for cattle to carry enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O157. The mechanism for the increased risk is not known nor whether non‐O157 EHEC are similarly affected. Our objective was to test whether the fibre content or other components of modified distillers grains plus solubles (MDGS) affects the probability for cattle to carry EHEC serogroups of public health importance. A 2 × 2 plus 1 factorial treatment arrangement within a randomized block design was utilized. Within each of four blocks, 25 feedlot pens (n = 8 steers/pen) were assigned randomly to (i) corn‐based control diet; (ii) 20% dry matter (DM) MDGS; (iii) 40% DM MDGS; (iv) corn bran added to corn‐based diet to match fibre of 20% MDGS or (v) 40% MDGS. Rectoanal mucosa swabs (RAMS) were collected on day (d)0, d35, d70 and d105; hide swabs were collected on the last feeding day. Samples were tested for EHEC by a molecular screening assay. The effects of fibre source and fibre level on EHEC carriage were tested using multilevel logistic regression (generalized linear mixed models; α = 0.05). EHEC O45 RAMS detection was associated with fibre level, source and sampling day. EHEC O103 RAMS detection increased by feeding 40% MDGS but not the corresponding corn bran diet. Hide contamination by EHEC O45 or O103 was less likely in cattle fed MDGS compared to corn bran diets. EHEC O111 RAMS detection decreased by feeding 40% MDGS but not by feeding the corresponding corn bran diet. Detection of EHEC O157 or O145 was not associated with dietary factors. Feeding 40% MDGS increased the probability for carriage of some EHEC serogroups but decreased probability of others, which indicated that EHEC serogroups have different risk factors associated with feeding MDGS and little association with dietary fibre. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hybridomas were prepared by fusion of spleen cells from BALB/c mice immunized with dog rabies isolates from Nigeria with P3times63Ag8 myeloma cells. More than 69 hybridomas secreted antinucleocapsid (antiNC) antibodies when tested with homologous viruses by indirect immunofluorescence. One hybridoma (Z144-88) was found which secreted antiNC antibody that reacted negatively with fox rabies isolates from the Federal Republic of Germany, Switzerland and France and with rabies-related viruses and European bat isolates. It reacted positively with other strains/isolates of rabies virus. It is possible to use this antiNC monoclonal antibody (mab) for the investigation of fox rabies outbreaks in Europe. Zusammenfassung Hybridoma-Zellen wurden hergestellt durch Fusion von P3times63Ag8-Myelomazellen und Milzzellen aus BALB/c-Mäusen, die mit Hundetollwutisolaten aus Nigeria immunisiert wurden. Mehr als 69 Hybridoma-Zelltypen produzierten Antinukleokapsid monoklonale Antikörper, wenn sie mit homologen Viren im indirekten Fluoreszenztest geprüft wurden. Ein Hybridoma-Zelltyp (Z144-88) produzierte Antinukleokapsid monoklonale Antikörper, die negativ mit Fuchstollwut-Isolaten aus der Bundesrepublik Deutschland, der Schweiz und Frankreich und mit verschiedenen europäischen Fledermaustollwut-Isolaten reagierten. Sie reagierten positiv mit anderen Stämmen / Isolaten der Tollwutvirusgruppe. Diese Antinukleokapsid monoklonale Antikörper können zur Erkennung von Fuchstollwut-Ausbrüchen in Europa herangezogen werden. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Twenty isolates of street rabies virus were recovered in mouse neutroblastoma cells from 84 rabies suspect brain specimens from Nigeria dogs and a cat. They were characterized with the Tübingen monoclonal antibody panels directed against nucleocapsid and glycoprotein antigens. Antigenic variatons were detected both with antinucleocapsid (anti-NC) and antiglycoprotein (anti-GP) monoclonal antibodies (mabs). One isolate reacted positively with anti-NC mab P41 which hitherto has been known to react positively with polar rabies. Another isolate did not react with anti-NC mab 187.5; a reaction normally seen with ERA/SAD strains of rabies virus. With anti-GP mabs it was possible to group the isolates by their area of origin. Isolates from Plateau State were not neutralized by anti-GP mabs ERA 543 and P44.7.2. The isolates studied had glycoprotein antigenic patterns different from the pattern for low egg passage (LEP) Flury strain vaccine virus used in Nigeria for immunization of dogs. Zusammenfassung Aus Gehirnproben von 84 Hunden und einer Katze aus Nigeria, in denen Tollwut-Straßenvirus vermutet wurde, konnten 20 Isolate an Maus-Neuroblastomzellen angepaßt werden. Diese wurden mit den in Tübingen verwendeten monoklonalen Antikörpern (MKA) auf Nukleokapsid- und Glykoproteinantigene charakterisiert. Antigenunterschiede gab es mit Antinukleokapsid-MKA und Antiglykoprotein-MKA. Ein Isolat reagierte positiv mit Antinukleokapsid-MKA P41, das üblicher-weise mit Isolaten der arktischen Tollwut positiv reagiert. Ein anderes Isolat reagierte nicht mit Antinukleokapsid-MKA 187.5, eine Reaktion, die man üblicherweise bei ERA/SAD-Stämmen des Tollwutvirus sieht. Mit Antiglykoprotein-MKA war es möglich, die Isolate nach der geographischen Herkunft einzuordnen. Isolate vom Plateau State (Nigeria) wurden von den Antiglykoprotein-MKA ERA 543 und P44.7.2 nicht neutralisiert. Die untersuchten Isolate hatten ein Glykoproteinantigenmuster, das unterschiedlich war vom Muster für den Low Egg Passage (LEP) Flury-Stamm, der in Nigeria zur Herstellung von Impfstoff zur Immunisierung von Hunden benutzt wird. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]