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1. Self-training superconducting neuromorphic circuits using reinforcement learning rules

Author

Schneider, M. L., Jué, E. M., Pufall, M. R., Segall, K., and Anderson, C. W.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Computer Science - Artificial Intelligence
Abstract

Reinforcement learning algorithms are used in a wide range of applications, from gaming and robotics to autonomous vehicles. In this paper we describe a set of reinforcement learning-based local weight update rules and their implementation in superconducting hardware. Using SPICE circuit simulations, we implement a small-scale neural network with a learning time of order one nanosecond. This network can be trained to learn new functions simply by changing the target output for a given set of inputs, without the need for any external adjustments to the network. In this implementation the weights are adjusted based on the current state of the overall network response and locally stored information about the previous action. This removes the need to program explicit weight values in these networks, which is one of the primary challenges that analog hardware implementations of neural networks face. The adjustment of weights is based on a global reinforcement signal that obviates the need for circuitry to back-propagate errors., Comment: 15 pages, 6 figures

Published
2024

3. A Preservice Teacher's Experiences Teaching English Abroad: From ESL to EFL

Author

Lengeling, M. Martha and Schneider, Melanie L.

Abstract

Although an international teaching practicum is assumed to broaden teacher candidates' cultural, linguistic, and pedagogical knowledge, the nature of this growth and its relation to teacher education practices have yet to be fully explored. Using a sociocultural perspective and drawing on the concepts of teacher socialization and a growth mindset, this qualitative case study investigates the experiences of a U.S. preservice teacher teaching English in a Mexican primary school. Analysis of teaching observations, the participant's reflections, and an interview revealed the teacher's growing sensitivity to the teaching context. She gradually recognized the differences between teaching English in the two countries, prompting a shift in pedagogy to one more compatible with teaching English as a foreign language. The importance of teaching context on teacher socialization is also examined.

Published
2023

4. Diagnostic utility of DNA methylation analysis in genetically unsolved pediatric epilepsies and CHD2 episignature refinement

Author

LaFlamme, Christy W., Rastin, Cassandra, Sengupta, Soham, Pennington, Helen E., Russ-Hall, Sophie J., Schneider, Amy L., Bonkowski, Emily S., Almanza Fuerte, Edith P., Allan, Talia J., Zalusky, Miranda Perez-Galey, Goffena, Joy, Gibson, Sophia B., Nyaga, Denis M., Lieffering, Nico, Hebbar, Malavika, Walker, Emily V., Darnell, Daniel, Olsen, Scott R., Kolekar, Pandurang, Djekidel, Mohamed Nadhir, Rosikiewicz, Wojciech, McConkey, Haley, Kerkhof, Jennifer, Levy, Michael A., Relator, Raissa, Lev, Dorit, Lerman-Sagie, Tally, Park, Kristen L., Alders, Marielle, Cappuccio, Gerarda, Chatron, Nicolas, Demain, Leigh, Genevieve, David, Lesca, Gaetan, Roscioli, Tony, Sanlaville, Damien, Tedder, Matthew L., Gupta, Sachin, Jones, Elizabeth A., Weisz-Hubshman, Monika, Ketkar, Shamika, Dai, Hongzheng, Worley, Kim C., Rosenfeld, Jill A., Chao, Hsiao-Tuan, Neale, Geoffrey, Carvill, Gemma L., Wang, Zhaoming, Berkovic, Samuel F., Sadleir, Lynette G., Miller, Danny E., Scheffer, Ingrid E., Sadikovic, Bekim, and Mefford, Heather C.

Published
2024
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10. Using Item‐Response Theory to Improve Interpretation of the Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire

Author

Zhao, Nina W, Mason, James M, Blum, Alexander M, Kim, Eric K, Young, VyVy N, Rosen, Clark A, and Schneider, Sarah L

Subjects
Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Clinical Sciences, Humans, Female, Reproducibility of Results, Psychometrics, Surveys and Questionnaires, Outcome Assessment, Health Care, Self Concept, instrument development, item-response theory, latent variable modeling, Rasch analysis, transgender voice, Otorhinolaryngology, Clinical sciences
Abstract

ObjectiveThe Trans Woman Voice Questionnaire (TWVQ) is commonly used to quantify self-perceptions of voice for trans women seeking gender-affirming voice care, but the interpretation of TWVQ scores remains challenging. The objective of this study was to use item-response theory (IRT) to evaluate the relationship between TWVQ items and persons on a common scale and identify improvements to increase the meaningfulness of TWVQ scores.MethodsA retrospective review of TWVQ scores from trans women patients between 2018-2020 was performed. Rasch-family models were used to generate item-person maps positioning respondent location and item difficulty estimates on a logit scale, which was then converted into a scaled score using linear transformations.ResultsTWVQ responses from 86 patients were analyzed. Initial item-person maps demonstrated that the middle response categories ("sometimes" and "often") performed inconsistently across items (poor threshold banding); interpretability improved when these ratings were scored as one category. The models were rerun using revised scoring, which retained high reliability (0.93) and supported a unidimensional construct. Updated item-person maps revealed four scaled score zones (≤54, >54 to ≤101, >101 to ≤140, and >140) that each corresponded to an increasing pattern of item thresholds (probability of selecting one response category vs. others). These ranges can be interpreted as minimal, low, moderate, and high, respectively.ConclusionsEmpiric data from Rasch analysis supports new interval scoring for the TWVQ that advances the clinical and research utility of the instrument and lays the foundation for future improvements in clinical care and outcomes assessment.Level of evidenceNA Laryngoscope, 133:1197-1204, 2023.

Published
2023

11. An Integrated Multidisciplinary Evaulation Platform and Early Experience for Precision Therapy in Resectable NSCLC

Author

Chen, Joy, Toomey, Kyra A, Godoy, Luis A, Cooke, David, Brown, Lisa, Riess, Jonathan W, Park, Cathleen J, Stollenwerk, Nicholas, Phan, Chinh T, Schneider, Danielle L, Dang-Chu, A. Linh, Nardo, Lorenzo, and Li, Tianhong

Abstract

Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer related deaths in the US, with 85% of cases classified as non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). 20-25% of patients with NSCLC present with resectable disease.

Published
2023

14. The Cancer Financial Experience (CAFÉ) study: randomized controlled trial of a financial navigation intervention to address cancer-related financial hardship

Author

Henrikson, Nora B, Anderson, Melissa L, Dickerson, John, Ewing, John J, Garcia, Robin, Keast, Erin, King, Deborah A, Lewis, Cara, Locher, Blake, McMullen, Carmit, Norris, Consuelo M, Petrik, Amanda F, Ramaprasan, Arvind, Rivelli, Jennifer S, Schneider, Jennifer L, Shulman, Lisa, Tuzzio, Leah, and Banegas, Matthew P

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Nursing, Health Sciences, Clinical Trials and Supportive Activities, Behavioral and Social Science, Health Services, Prevention, Clinical Research, Cancer, Prevention of disease and conditions, and promotion of well-being, 3.1 Primary prevention interventions to modify behaviours or promote wellbeing, Good Health and Well Being, Adolescent, Financial Stress, Humans, Neoplasms, Quality of Life, Treatment Outcome, Financial hardship, Supportive care, Patient navigation, Cardiorespiratory Medicine and Haematology, Clinical Sciences, Cardiovascular System & Hematology, General & Internal Medicine, Clinical sciences, Epidemiology, Health services and systems
Abstract

BackgroundThere is an urgent need for evidence on how interventions can prevent or mitigate cancer-related financial hardship. Our objectives are to compare self-reported financial hardship, quality of life, and health services use between patients receiving a financial navigation intervention versus a comparison group at 12 months follow-up, and to assess patient-level factors associated with dose received of a financial navigation intervention.MethodsThe Cancer Financial Experience (CAFÉ) study is a multi-site randomized controlled trial (RCT) with individual-level randomization. Participants will be offered either brief (one financial navigation cycle, Arm 2) or extended (three financial navigation cycles, Arm 3) financial navigation. The intervention period for both Arms 2 and 3 is 6 months. The comparison group (Arm 1) will receive enhanced usual care. The setting for the CAFÉ study is the medical oncology and radiation oncology clinics at two integrated health systems in the Pacific Northwest. Inclusion criteria includes age 18 or older with a recent cancer diagnosis and visit to a study clinic as identified through administrative data. Outcomes will be assessed at 12-month follow-up. Primary outcomes are self-reported financial distress and health-related quality of life. Secondary outcomes are delayed or foregone care; receipt of medical financial assistance; and account delinquency. A mixed methods exploratory analysis will investigate factors associated with total intervention dose received.DiscussionThe CAFÉ study will provide much-needed early trial evidence on the impact of financial navigation in reducing cancer-related financial hardship. It is theory-informed, clinic-based, aligned with patient preferences, and has been developed following preliminary qualitative studies and stakeholder input. By design, it will provide prospective evidence on the potential benefits of financial navigation on patient-relevant cancer outcomes. The CAFÉ trial's strengths include its broad inclusion criteria, its equity-focused sampling plan, its novel intervention developed in partnership with clinical and operations stakeholders, and mixed methods secondary analyses related to intervention dose offered and dose received. The resulting analytic dataset will allow for rich mixed methods analysis and provide critical information related to implementation of the intervention should it prove effective.Trial registrationClinicalTrials.gov NCT05018000 . August 23, 2021.

Published
2022

20. Implementation of Telemedicine in a Laryngology Practice During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons Learned, Experiences Shared

Author

Strohl, Madeleine P, Dwyer, Christopher D, Ma, Yue, Rosen, Clark A, Schneider, Sarah L, and Young, VyVy N

Subjects
Health Services and Systems, Health Sciences, Clinical Research, Health Services, Networking and Information Technology R&D (NITRD), Health and social care services research, Management of diseases and conditions, 8.1 Organisation and delivery of services, 7.1 Individual care needs, Good Health and Well Being, COVID-19, Humans, Otolaryngology, Pandemics, SARS-CoV-2, Telemedicine, Laryngology, Video visit, Coronavirus, Clinical Sciences, Performing Arts and Creative Writing, Speech-Language Pathology & Audiology, Music, Allied health and rehabilitation science
Abstract

ObjectivesThe novel coronavirus disease 2019 has posed significant limitations and barriers to providing in-person healthcare. We aim to provide a summary of learned experiences and important considerations for implementing and offering telehealth to provide laryngology subspecialty care during the COVID-19 pandemic and thereafter.Materials and methodsFour laryngologists and a voice-specialized speech-language pathologist from a tertiary-care academic Voice and Swallowing Center were engaged in a structured group consensus conference. Participants shared input, experiences, and practice patterns employed via telemedicine (via telephone or video-communication) during the early COVID-19 era.ResultsKey identified areas of consideration when offering telemedicine included (1) how to set up and structure a telemedicine visit and maintain patient confidentiality, (2) patient examination and treatment initiation, (3) optimization of the tele-visit, (4) limitations and recognition of when a tele-visit is insufficient for patient care needs, (5) billing/reimbursement considerations. Group consensus for the aforementioned topics is summarized and discussed.ConclusionDuring the COVID-19 pandemic, a telemedicine model can be effectively employed to improve patient access to subspecialty laryngology care, including a multidisciplinary care approach, with initiation of various therapeutic interventions. A major limitation given the preclusion of in-person assessment is the lack of access to laryngoscopy, which can likely be delayed safely in the majority of individuals.

Published
2022

22. IL-13 and IL-13–induced periostin levels are specifically decreased in patients following endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic rhinosinusitis

Author

Harmon, Regan, Schneider, Alexander L., Bai, Junqin, Racette, Samuel D., Reddy, Abhita T., Huang, Julia H., Lehmann, David S., Price, Caroline P.E., Rodeghiero, Samuel, Agarwal, Aditi, Eide, Jacob G., Dong, Siyuan, Conley, David B., Welch, Kevin C., Kern, Robert C., Shintani-Smith, Stephanie, Peters, Anju T., Kato, Atsushi, Stevens, Whitney W., Muhammad, Lutfiyya N., Schleimer, Robert P., and Tan, Bruce K.

Published
2024
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24. “Go ahead and screen” - advice to healthcare systems for routine lynch syndrome screening from interviews with newly diagnosed colorectal cancer patients

Author

Schneider, Jennifer L., Firemark, Alison J., Gille, Sara, Davis, James, Pawloski, Pamala A., Liang, Su-Ying, Epstein, Mara M., Lowery, Jan, Lu, Christine Y., Sharaf, Ravi N., Burnett-Hartman, Andrea N., Schlieder, Victoria, Salvati, Zachary M., Cragun, Deborah, Rahm, Alanna Kulchak, and Hunter, Jessica Ezzell

Published
2023
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26. Combining Asian and European genome-wide association studies of colorectal cancer improves risk prediction across racial and ethnic populations

Author

Thomas, Minta, Su, Yu-Ru, Rosenthal, Elisabeth A., Sakoda, Lori C., Schmit, Stephanie L., Timofeeva, Maria N., Chen, Zhishan, Fernandez-Rozadilla, Ceres, Law, Philip J., Murphy, Neil, Carreras-Torres, Robert, Diez-Obrero, Virginia, van Duijnhoven, Franzel J. B., Jiang, Shangqing, Shin, Aesun, Wolk, Alicja, Phipps, Amanda I., Burnett-Hartman, Andrea, Gsur, Andrea, Chan, Andrew T., Zauber, Ann G., Wu, Anna H., Lindblom, Annika, Um, Caroline Y., Tangen, Catherine M., Gignoux, Chris, Newton, Christina, Haiman, Christopher A., Qu, Conghui, Bishop, D. Timothy, Buchanan, Daniel D., Crosslin, David R., Conti, David V., Kim, Dong-Hyun, Hauser, Elizabeth, White, Emily, Siegel, Erin, Schumacher, Fredrick R., Rennert, Gad, Giles, Graham G., Hampel, Heather, Brenner, Hermann, Oze, Isao, Oh, Jae Hwan, Lee, Jeffrey K., Schneider, Jennifer L., Chang-Claude, Jenny, Kim, Jeongseon, Huyghe, Jeroen R., Zheng, Jiayin, Hampe, Jochen, Greenson, Joel, Hopper, John L., Palmer, Julie R., Visvanathan, Kala, Matsuo, Keitaro, Matsuda, Koichi, Jung, Keum Ji, Li, Li, Le Marchand, Loic, Vodickova, Ludmila, Bujanda, Luis, Gunter, Marc J., Matejcic, Marco, Jenkins, Mark A., Slattery, Martha L., D’Amato, Mauro, Wang, Meilin, Hoffmeister, Michael, Woods, Michael O., Kim, Michelle, Song, Mingyang, Iwasaki, Motoki, Du, Mulong, Udaltsova, Natalia, Sawada, Norie, Vodicka, Pavel, Campbell, Peter T., Newcomb, Polly A., Cai, Qiuyin, Pearlman, Rachel, Pai, Rish K., Schoen, Robert E., Steinfelder, Robert S., Haile, Robert W., Vandenputtelaar, Rosita, Prentice, Ross L., Küry, Sébastien, Castellví-Bel, Sergi, Tsugane, Shoichiro, Berndt, Sonja I., Lee, Soo Chin, Brezina, Stefanie, Weinstein, Stephanie J., Chanock, Stephen J., Jee, Sun Ha, Kweon, Sun-Seog, Vadaparampil, Susan, Harrison, Tabitha A., Yamaji, Taiki, Keku, Temitope O., Vymetalkova, Veronika, Arndt, Volker, Jia, Wei-Hua, Shu, Xiao-Ou, Lin, Yi, Ahn, Yoon-Ok, Stadler, Zsofia K., Van Guelpen, Bethany, Ulrich, Cornelia M., Platz, Elizabeth A., Potter, John D., Li, Christopher I., Meester, Reinier, Moreno, Victor, Figueiredo, Jane C., Casey, Graham, Lansdorp Vogelaar, Iris, Dunlop, Malcolm G., Gruber, Stephen B., Hayes, Richard B., Pharoah, Paul D. P., Houlston, Richard S., Jarvik, Gail P., Tomlinson, Ian P., Zheng, Wei, Corley, Douglas A., Peters, Ulrike, and Hsu, Li

Published
2023
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30. Comparing the clinical and cost-effectiveness of remote (telehealth and online) cognitive behavioral therapy-based treatments for high-impact chronic pain relative to usual care: study protocol for the RESOLVE multisite randomized control trial

Author

Mayhew, Meghan, Balderson, Benjamin H., Cook, Andrea J., Dickerson, John F., Elder, Charles R., Firemark, Alison J., Haller, Irina V., Justice, Morgan, Keefe, Francis J., McMullen, Carmit K., O’Keeffe-Rosetti, Maureen C., Owen-Smith, Ashli A., Rini, Christine, Schneider, Jennifer L., Von Korff, Michael, Wandner, Laura D., and DeBar, Lynn L.

Published
2023
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32. A picture is worth a thousand words: advancing the use of visualization tools in implementation science through process mapping and matrix heat mapping

Author

Salvati, Zachary M., Rahm, Alanna Kulchak, Williams, Marc S., Ladd, Ilene, Schlieder, Victoria, Atondo, Jamie, Schneider, Jennifer L., Epstein, Mara M., Lu, Christine Y., Pawloski, Pamala A., Sharaf, Ravi N., Liang, Su-Ying, Burnett-Hartman, Andrea N., Hunter, Jessica Ezzell, Burton-Akright, Jasmine, and Cragun, Deborah

Published
2023
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39. Fan-out and Fan-in properties of superconducting neuromorphic circuits

Author

Schneider, M. L. and Segall, K.

Subjects
Physics - Applied Physics, Condensed Matter - Superconductivity, Computer Science - Emerging Technologies
Abstract

Neuromorphic computing has the potential to further the success of software-based artificial neural networks (ANNs) by designing hardware from a different perspective. Current research in neuromorphic hardware targets dramatic improvements to ANN performance by increasing energy efficiency, speed of operation, and even seeks to extend the utility of ANNs by natively adding functionality such as spiking operation. One promising neuromorphic hardware platform is based on superconductive electronics, which has the potential to incorporate all of these advantages at the device level in addition to offering the potential of near lossless communications both within the neuromorphic circuits as well as between disparate superconductive chips. Here we explore one of the fundamental brain-inspired architecture components, the fan-in and fan-out as realized in superconductive circuits based on Josephson junctions. From our calculations and WRSPICE simulations we find that the fan-out should be limited only by junction count and circuit size limitations, and we demonstrate results in simulation at a level of 1-to-10,000, similar to that of the human brain. We find that fan-in has more limitations, but a fan-in level on the order of a few 100-to-1 should be achievable based on current technology. We discuss our findings and the critical parameters that set the limits on fan-in and fan-out in the context of superconductive neuromorphic circuits., Comment: 17 pages 10 figures

Published
2020
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40. Comparison of measured and simulated spin-wave mode spectra of magnetic nanostructures

Author

Nembach, H. T., McMichael, R. D., Schneider, M. L., Shaw, J. M., and Silva, T. J.

Subjects
Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Condensed Matter - Mesoscale and Nanoscale Physics
Abstract

Motivated by the importance of magnetization dynamics in nanomagnets for the development and optimization of magnetic devices and sensors, we measured and modeled spin wave spectra in patterned elliptical nanomagnets. Ferromagnetic resonance spectra for multiple nanomagnets of Ni80Fe20 , fabricated by electron-beam lithography to have nominal short-axes of 200 nm or 100 nm, were measured by use of heterodyne magneto-optical microwave microscopy. Scanning electron microscope images taken of the same nanomagnets were used to define element shapes for micromagnetic simulations. Measured spectra show significant differences between nominally identical nanomagnets, which could be only partially attributed to uncontrolled shape variations in the patterning process, as evidence by the limited agreement between the measured and simulated spectra. Agreement between measurements and simulations was improved by including a zone of reduced magnetization and exchange at the edges of the nanomagnets in the simulations. Our results show that the reduction of shape variations between individual magnetic random-access memory elements can potentially improve their performance. However, unambiguous determination of materials parameters in nanomagnets based on analysis and modeling of spin wave spectra remains problematic.

Published
2020
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45. Most people share genetic test results with relatives even if the findings are normal: Family communication in a diverse population

Author

Allen, Jake, Angelo, Frank, Arnold, Briana L., Bellcross, Cecelia, Bendelow, Tiffany, B, Barbara, Biesecker, Breslin, Kristin D., Booker, Kristina F., Caruncho, Mikaella, Davis, James V., Deutsch, Sonia, Devine, Beth, Dorschner, Michael O., Duenas, Devan, Eubanks, Donna J., Feigelson, Heather Spencer, Freed, Amanda S., Greaney, Clay, Gruß, Inga, Guerra, Claudia, Guo, Boya, Holup, Joan, Ingphakorn, Chalinya L., Jackson, Paige, Jarvik, Gail P., Jenkins, Charisma L., Karliner, Leah S., Kaufmann, Tia, Keast, Erin, Knerr, Sarah, Koomas, Alyssa H., Kraft, Stephanie A., Lee, Mi H., Lee, Robin, Soo-Jin Lee, Sandra, Lewis, Hannah S., Liles, Elizabeth G., Lindberg, Nangel M., Lynch, Frances, McMullen, Carmit K., Medina, Elizabeth, Mittendorf, Kathleen F., Muessig, Kristin R., Okuyama, Sonia, Peterson, C. Samuel, Paolucci, Angela R., Perez, Rosse Rodriguez, Porter, Kathryn M., Ransom, Chelese L., Reyes, Ana, Robinson, Sperry, Rolf, Bradley A., Rope, Alan F., Schield, Emily, Schneider, Jennifer L., Shipman, Kelly J., Shirts, Brian H., Shuster, Elizabeth, Syngal, Sapna, Torgrimson-Ojerio, Britta N., Ukaegbu, Chinedu, Vandermeer, Meredith L., Varga, Alexandra M., Veenstra, David L., Whitebirch, W. Chris, Lee White, Larissa, Hunter, Jessica Ezzell, Riddle, Leslie, Joseph, Galen, Amendola, Laura M., Gilmore, Marian J., Zepp, Jamilyn M., Bulkley, Joanna E., Anderson, Katherine P., Goddard, Katrina A.B., Wilfond, Benjamin S., and Leo, Michael C.

Published
2023
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46. Message From the Editors to Our Reviewers

Author

Merino, José G., primary, Ciccarelli, Olga, additional, Barkhof, Frederik, additional, Burch, Rebecca, additional, Callaghan, Brian C., additional, Hedera, Peter, additional, Hershey, Linda A., additional, Jobst, Barbara C., additional, Schneider, Andrea L., additional, Worrall, Bradford B., additional, and Wusthoff, Courtney J., additional

Published
2024
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47. Cascades in Action: How the Transition to Walking Shapes Caregiver Communication during Everyday Interactions

Author

Schneider, Joshua L. and Iverson, Jana M.

Abstract

New motor skills supply infants with new possibilities for action and have consequences for development in unexpected places. For example, the transition from crawling to walking is accompanied by gains in other abilities--better ways to move, see the world, and engage in social interactions (e.g., Adolph & Tamis-LeMonda, 2014). Do the developmental changes associated with walking extend to the communicative behaviors of caregivers? Thirty infants (14 boys, 16 girls; 93% White, not Hispanic or Latino) and their caregivers (84% held a college degree or higher) were observed during everyday activities at home during the two-month window surrounding the onset of walking (M infant age = 11.98 months, range = 8.74-14.86). Using a cross-domain coding system, we tracked change in the rates of co-occurrence between infants' locomotor actions and caregivers' concurrent language and gesture input. We examined these relations on two timescales--across developmental time, as infants transitioned from crawling to walking, and in real time based on moment-to-moment differences in infant posture. A consistent pattern of results emerged: compared to crawling, bouts of infant walking were more likely to co-occur with caregiver language and gestures that either requested or described movement or provided information about objects. An effect of infants' real-time behavior was also discovered, such that infants were more likely to hear language from their caregivers when they moved while upright compared to prone. Taken together, findings suggest that the emergence of walking reorganizes the infant-caregiver dyad and sets in motion a developmental cascade that shapes the communication caregivers provide.

Published
2022
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