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1. Heuristic predictions of RMP configurations for ELM suppression in ITER burning plasmas and their impact on divertor performance

Author: Frerichs, H., van Blarcum, J., Feng, Y., Li, L., Liu, Y. Q., Loarte, A., Park, J. -K., Pitts, R. A., Schmitz, O., and Yang, S. M.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: A subspace of resonant magnetic perturbation (RMP) configurations for edge localized mode (ELM) suppression is predicted for H-mode burning plasmas at 15 MA current and 5.3 T magnetic field in ITER. Perturbation of the core plasma can be reduced by a factor of 2 for equivalent edge stability proxies, while the perturbed plasma boundary geometry remains mostly resilient. The striation width of perturbed field lines connecting from the main plasma (normalized poloidal flux $< 1$) to the divertor targets is found to be significantly larger than the expected heat load width in the absence of RMPs. This facilitates heat load spreading with peak values at an acceptable level below 10 MW m${}^{-2}$ on the outer target already at moderate gas fueling and low Ne seeding for additional radiative dissipation of the 100 MW of power into the scrape-off layer (SOL). On the inner target, however, re-attachment is predicted away from the equilibrium strike point due to increased upstream heat flux, higher downstream temperature and less efficient impurity radiation., Comment: submitted in Nuclear Fusion
Published: 2024
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2. Observation of a drift-driven local transport regime in the island divertor of Wendelstein 7-X

Author: Flom, E, Kriete, D M, Krychowiak, M, Maaziz, N, Perseo, V, Reimold, F, Schmitz, O, Winters, V, Henke, F, Gradic, D, König, R, and Team, the W7-X
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Measurements of the poloidal electron density and temperature distribution in the W7-X island divertor reveal the existence of two distinct scrape-off layer transport regimes. At low and intermediate densities, $T_e$ profiles across the magnetic island are hollow, with a minimum at the island O-point. Above a threshold density $\overline{n}_e \approx 5 \times 10^{19}$ m$^{-3}$, the local minimum vanishes and the $T_e$ profiles become monotonic. At the lowest studied densities, the hollow $T_e$ profiles imply an electrostatic field of up to $\textbf{E}_r \sim 6$ kV/m, which can induce $\textbf{E} \times \textbf{B}$ drifts around the island, with drift velocities of up to $\sim3$ km/s. These $\textbf{E} \times \textbf{B}$ drifts result in strong convective heat transport poloidally around the island, binormal to the magnetic field, which supports the hollow radial temperature profile and hence provides a positive feedback to the electric field. Above the threshold density, these drifts strongly diminish, presumably due to increased anomalous diffusion, which causes the profile hollowness and therefore also the radial electric field to strongly diminish. This argument is supported by comparison to EMC3-EIRENE modeling and an analytical transport analyses showing that an additional, non-diffusive transport channel is required to maintain the profile hollowness up to the densities seen in experiment, and that a poloidal drift transport channel supports such hollowness only up to certain densities., Comment: 8 pages, submitted to Nuclear Fusion
Published: 2023

3. Exploration of Non-Resonant Divertor Features on the Compact Toroidal Hybrid

Author: Garcia, K. A., Bader, A., Frerichs, H., Hartwell, G. J., Schmitt, J. C., Allen, N., and Schmitz, O.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: Non-resonant divertors (NRDs) separate the confined plasma from the surrounding plasma facing components (PFCs). The resulting striking field line intersection pattern on these PFCs is insensitive to plasma equilibrium effects. However, a complex scrape-off layer (SOL), created by chaotic magnetic topology in the plasma edge, connects the core plasma to the PFCs through varying magnetic flux tubes. The Compact Toroidal Hybrid (CTH) serves as a test-bed to study this by scanning across its inductive current. Simulations observe a significant change of the chaotic edge structure and an effective distance between the confined plasma and the instrumented wall targets. The intersection pattern is observed to be a narrow helical band, which we claim is a resilient strike line pattern. However, signatures of finger-like structures, defined as heteroclinic tangles in chaotic domains, within the plasma edge connect the island chains to this resilient pattern. The dominant connection length field lines intersecting the targets are observed via heat flux modelling with EMC3-EIRENE. At low inductive current levels, the excursion of the field lines resembles a limited plasma wall scenario. At high currents, a private flux region is created in the area where the helical strike line pattern splits into two bands. These bands are divertor legs with distinct SOL parallel particle flow channels. The results demonstrate the NRD strike line pattern resiliency within CTH, but also show the underlying chaotic edge structure determining if the configuration is diverted or limited. This work supports future design efforts for a mechanical structure for the NRD., Comment: 27 pages, 16 figures, 1 table; revised argument in sections 1, 2, 3, and 5, results unchanged
Published: 2023
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4. Analysis of Proton Bunch Parameters in the AWAKE Experiment

Author: Hafych, V., Caldwell, A., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Aladi, M., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Furno, I., Gessner, S., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E. D., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kedves, M. Á., Khudyakov, V., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, High Energy Physics - Experiment
Abstract: A precise characterization of the incoming proton bunch parameters is required to accurately simulate the self-modulation process in the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). This paper presents an analysis of the parameters of the incoming proton bunches used in the later stages of the AWAKE Run 1 data-taking period. The transverse structure of the bunch is observed at multiple positions along the beamline using scintillating or optical transition radiation screens. The parameters of a model that describes the bunch transverse dimensions and divergence are fitted to represent the observed data using Bayesian inference. The analysis is tested on simulated data and then applied to the experimental data.
Published: 2021
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5. Simulation and Experimental Study of Proton Bunch Self-Modulation in Plasma with Linear Density Gradients

Author: Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Aladi, M., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Braunmüller, F., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Furno, I., Gessner, S., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E. D., Hafych, V., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kedves, M. Á., Khudyakov, V., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: We present numerical simulations and experimental results of the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in a plasma with linear density gradients along the beam path. Simulation results agree with the experimental results reported in arXiv:2007.14894v2: with negative gradients, the charge of the modulated bunch is lower than with positive gradients. In addition, the bunch modulation frequency varies with gradient. Simulation results show that dephasing of the wakefields with respect to the relativistic protons along the plasma is the main cause for the loss of charge. The study of the modulation frequency reveals details about the evolution of the self-modulation process along the plasma. In particular for negative gradients, the modulation frequency across time-resolved images of the bunch indicates the position along the plasma where protons leave the wakefields. Simulations and experimental results are in excellent agreement., Comment: 13 pages, 11 figures
Published: 2021
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6. Transition between Instability and Seeded Self-Modulation of a Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma

Author: Batsch, F., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Goncalves, M. C. Amoedo, Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Blanchard, P., Braunmüller, F., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, H. L., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Hüther, M., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Moon, K., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Perera, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Rieger, K., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, L. O., Speroni, R., Spitsyn, R. I., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P. V., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Vincke, H., Welsch, C. P., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wiwattananon, P., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: We use a relativistic ionization front to provide various initial transverse wakefield amplitudes for the self-modulation of a long proton bunch in plasma. We show experimentally that, with sufficient initial amplitude ($\ge(4.1\pm0.4)$ MV/m), the phase of the modulation along the bunch is reproducible from event to event, with 3 to 7% (of 2$\pi$) rms variations all along the bunch. The phase is not reproducible for lower initial amplitudes. We observe the transition between these two regimes. Phase reproducibility is essential for deterministic external injection of particles to be accelerated., Comment: Letter and Supplemental Material, 6 figures, 8 pages
Published: 2020
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7. Experimental study of extended timescale dynamics of a plasma wakefield driven by a self-modulated proton bunch

Author: Chappell, J., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Turno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Gorn, A. A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Hüther, M., Jacquier, R., Jolly, S., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kedves, M. Á., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Li, Y., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Guzmán, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Peña, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Ráczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Dia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics
Abstract: Plasma wakefield dynamics over timescales up to 800 ps, approximately 100 plasma periods, are studied experimentally at the Advanced Wakefield Experiment (AWAKE). The development of the longitudinal wakefield amplitude driven by a self-modulated proton bunch is measured using the external injection of witness electrons that sample the fields. In simulation, resonant excitation of the wakefield causes plasma electron trajectory crossing, resulting in the development of a potential outside the plasma boundary as electrons are transversely ejected. Trends consistent with the presence of this potential are experimentally measured and their dependence on wakefield amplitude are studied via seed laser timing scans and electron injection delay scans., Comment: 11 pages, 8 figures
Published: 2020
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8. Proton beam defocusing in AWAKE: comparison of simulations and measurements

Author: Gorn, A. A., Turner, M., Adli, E., Agnello, R., Aladi, M., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Bachmann, A. -M., Baistrukov, M. A., Batsch, F., Bergamaschi, M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschon, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Damerau, H., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Deubner, L. H., Dexter, A., Djotyan, G. P., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V. N., Fiorito, R., Fonseca, R. A., Friebel, F., Furno, I., Garolfi, L., Gessner, S., Goddard, B., Gorgisyan, I., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Hafych, V., Hartin, A., Helm, A., Henderson, J. R., Howling, A., Huther, M., Jacquier, R., Kargapolov, I. Yu., Kedves, M. A., Keeble, F., Kelisani, M. D., Kim, S. -Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K. V., Martyanov, M., Mazzoni, S., Godoy, D. Medina, Minakov, V. A., Moody, J. T., Guzman, P. I. Morales, Moreira, M., Nechaeva, T., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Asmus, F. Pena, Perera, A., Petrenko, A., Pucek, J., Pukhov, A., Raczkevi, B., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Ruhl, H., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Sherwood, P., Silva, L. O., Spitsyn, R. I., Tuev, P. V., Velotti, F., Verra, L., Verzilov, V. A., Vieira, J., Welsch, C. P., Williamson, B., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Zepp, M., and Della Porta, G. Zevi
Subjects: Physics - Accelerator Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract: In 2017, AWAKE demonstrated the seeded self-modulation (SSM) of a 400 GeV proton beam from the Super Proton Synchrotron (SPS) at CERN. The angular distribution of the protons deflected due to SSM is a quantitative measure of the process, which agrees with simulations by the two-dimensional (axisymmetric) particle-in-cell code LCODE. Agreement is achieved for beam populations between $10^{11}$ and $3 \times 10^{11}$ particles, various plasma density gradients ($-20 \div 20\%$) and two plasma densities ($2\times 10^{14} \text{cm}^{-3}$ and $7 \times 10^{14} \text{cm}^{-3}$). The agreement is reached only in the case of a wide enough simulation box (at least five plasma wavelengths)., Comment: 8 pages, 9 figures, 1 table
Published: 2020

9. Impact of ELM control techniques on tungsten sputtering in the DIII-D divertor and extrapolations to ITER

Author: Abrams, T., Unterberg, E. A., Rudakov, D. L., Leonard, A. W., Schmitz, O., Shiraki, D., Baylor, L. R., Stangeby, P. C., Thomas, D. M., and Wang, H. Q.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Physics - Atomic Physics
Abstract: The free-streaming plus recycling model (FSRM) has recently been developed to understand and predict tungsten gross erosion rates from the divertor during edge localized modes (ELMs). In this work, the FSRM was tested against experimental measurements of W sputtering during ELMs, conducted via fast WI spectroscopy. Good agreement is observed using a variety of controlling techniques, including gas puffing, neutral beam heating, and plasma shaping to modify the pedestal stability boundary and thus the ELM behavior. ELM mitigation by pellet pacing was observed to strongly reduce W sputtering by flushing C impurities from the pedestal and reducing the divertor target electron temperature. No reduction of W sputtering was observed during the application of resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs), in contrast to the prediction of the FSRM. Potential sources of this discrepancy are discussed. Finally, the framework of the FSRM is utilized to predict intra-ELM W sputtering rates in ITER. It is concluded that W erosion during ELMs in ITER will be caused mainly by free-streaming fuel ions, but free-streaming seeded impurities (N or Ne) may increase the erosion rate significantly if present in the pedestal at even the 1% level. Impurity recycling is not expected to cause significant W erosion in ITER due to the very low target electron temperature.
Published: 2019
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10. Summary of the FESAC Transformative Enabling Capabilities Panel Report

Author: Maingi, R, Lumsdaine, A, Allain, JP, Chacon, L, Gourlay, SA, Greenfield, CM, Hughes, JW, Humphreys, D, Izzo, V, McLean, H, Menard, JE, Merrill, B, Rapp, J, Schmitz, O, Spadaccini, C, Wang, Z, White, AE, and Wirth, BD
Subjects: Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences, Affordable and Clean Energy, Transformative enabling capabilities, advanced algorithms, high critical temperature superconductors, advanced materials and manufacturing, tritium fuel cycle control, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Energy, Nuclear and plasma physics
Abstract: The U.S. Fusion Energy Sciences Advisory Committee was charged “to identify the most promising transformative enabling capabilities (TEC) for the U.S. to pursue that could promote efficient advance toward fusion energy, building on burning plasma science and technology.” A subcommittee of U.S. technical experts was formed and received community input in the form of white papers and presentations on the charge questions. The subcommittee identified four “most promising transformative enabling capabilities”: 1. advanced algorithms 2. high critical temperature superconductors 3. advanced materials and manufacturing 4. novel technologies for tritium fuel cycle control. In addition, one second-tier TEC, defined as a “promising transformative enabling capability,” was identified: fast-flowing liquid-metal plasma-facing components. Each of these TECs presents a tremendous opportunity to accelerate fusion science and technology toward power production. Dedicated investment in these TECs for fusion systems is needed to capitalize on the rapid advances being made for a variety of nonfusion applications to fully realize their transformative potential for fusion energy.
Published: 2019

11. Bayesian modeling of collisional-radiative models applicable to thermal helium beam plasma diagnostics

Author: Flom, E., Krychowiak, M., Schmitz, O., König, R., Barbui, T., Henke, F., Jakubowski, M., Kwak, S., Loch, S., Muñoz Burgos, J., and Svensson, J.
Published: 2022
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12. Wendelstein 7-X on the path to long-pulse high-performance operation

Author: Endler, M., Baldzuhn, J., Beidler, C.D., Bosch, H.-S., Bozhenkov, S., Buttenschön, B., Dinklage, A., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Fuchert, G., Gao, Y., Geiger, J., Grulke, O., Hartmann, D., Jakubowski, M., König, R., Laqua, H.P., Lazerson, S., McNeely, P., Naujoks, D., Neuner, U., Otte, M., Pasch, E., Sunn Pedersen, T., Perseo, V., Puig Sitjes, A., Rahbarnia, K., Rust, N., Schmitz, O., Spring, A., Stange, T., von Stechow, A., Turkin, Y., Wang, E., and Wolf, R.C.
Published: 2021
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13. Overview of NSTX Upgrade initial results and modelling highlights

Author: Menard, JE, Allain, JP, Battaglia, DJ, Bedoya, F, Bell, RE, Belova, E, Berkery, JW, Boyer, MD, Crocker, N, Diallo, A, Ebrahimi, F, Ferraro, N, Fredrickson, E, Frerichs, H, Gerhardt, S, Gorelenkov, N, Guttenfelder, W, Heidbrink, W, Kaita, R, Kaye, SM, Kriete, DM, Kubota, S, LeBlanc, BP, Liu, D, Lunsford, R, Mueller, D, Myers, CE, Ono, M, Park, J-K, Podesta, M, Raman, R, Reinke, M, Ren, Y, Sabbagh, SA, Schmitz, O, Scotti, F, Sechrest, Y, Skinner, CH, Smith, DR, Soukhanovskii, V, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Yuh, H, Wang, Z, Waters, I, Ahn, J-W, Andre, R, Barchfeld, R, Beiersdorfer, P, Bertelli, N, Bhattacharjee, A, Brennan, D, Buttery, R, Capece, A, Canal, G, Canik, J, Chang, CS, Darrow, D, Delgado-Aparicio, L, Domier, C, Ethier, S, Evans, T, Ferron, J, Finkenthal, M, Fonck, R, Gan, K, Gates, D, Goumiri, I, Gray, T, Hosea, J, Humphreys, D, Jarboe, T, Jardin, S, Jaworski, MA, Koel, B, Kolemen, E, Ku, S, La Haye, RJ, Levinton, F, Luhmann, N, Maingi, R, Maqueda, R, McKee, G, Meier, E, Myra, J, Perkins, R, Poli, F, Rhodes, T, Riquezes, J, Rowley, C, Russell, D, Schuster, E, Stratton, B, Stutman, D, Taylor, G, Tritz, K, Wang, W, Wirth, B, and Zweben, SJ
Subjects: NSTX-U, spherical tokamak, Alfven eigenmodes, plasma material interactions, boronization, error fields, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract: The National Spherical Torus Experiment (NSTX) has undergone a major upgrade, and the NSTX Upgrade (NSTX-U) Project was completed in the summer of 2015. NSTX-U first plasma was subsequently achieved, diagnostic and control systems have been commissioned, the H-mode accessed, magnetic error fields identified and mitigated, and the first physics research campaign carried out. During ten run weeks of operation, NSTX-U surpassed NSTX record pulse-durations and toroidal fields (TF), and high-performance ∼1 MA H-mode plasmas comparable to the best of NSTX have been sustained near and slightly above the n = 1 no-wall stability limit and with H-mode confinement multiplier H98y,2 above 1. Transport and turbulence studies in L-mode plasmas have identified the coexistence of at least two ion-gyro-scale turbulent micro-instabilities near the same radial location but propagating in opposite (i.e. ion and electron diamagnetic) directions. These modes have the characteristics of ion-temperature gradient and micro-tearing modes, respectively, and the role of these modes in contributing to thermal transport is under active investigation. The new second more tangential neutral beam injection was observed to significantly modify the stability of two types of Alfven eigenmodes. Improvements in offline disruption forecasting were made in the areas of identification of rotating MHD modes and other macroscopic instabilities using the disruption event characterization and forecasting code. Lastly, the materials analysis and particle probe was utilized on NSTX-U for the first time and enabled assessments of the correlation between boronized wall conditions and plasma performance. These and other highlights from the first run campaign of NSTX-U are described.
Published: 2017

14. Hosing of a Long Relativistic Particle Bunch in Plasma

Author: Nechaeva, T., Verra, L., Pucek, J., Ranc, L., Bergamaschi, M., Zevi Della Porta, G., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Bencini, V., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A. C., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E., Henderson, J., Kedves, M., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martinez Calderon, M., Mazzoni, S., Moon, K., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M., Okhotnikov, N., Pakuza, C., Pannell, Fern, Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Poimenidou, E., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rossel, R., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, F., Spear, B., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., Zepp, M., Nechaeva, T., Verra, L., Pucek, J., Ranc, L., Bergamaschi, M., Zevi Della Porta, G., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Bencini, V., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A. C., Doebert, S., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Gschwendtner, E., Guran, E., Henderson, J., Kedves, M., Kim, S. Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martinez Calderon, M., Mazzoni, S., Moon, K., Morales Guzmán, P. I., Moreira, M., Okhotnikov, N., Pakuza, C., Pannell, Fern, Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Poimenidou, E., Pukhov, A., Rey, S., Rossel, R., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, F., Spear, B., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., and Zepp, M.
Abstract: Experimental results show that hosing of a long particle bunch in plasma can be induced by wakefields driven by a short, misaligned preceding bunch. Hosing develops in the plane of misalignment, self-modulation in the perpendicular plane, at frequencies close to the plasma electron frequency, and are reproducible. Development of hosing depends on misalignment direction, its growth on misalignment extent and on proton bunch charge. Results have the main characteristics of a theoretical model, are relevant to other plasma-based accelerators and represent the first characterization of hosing.
Published: 2024

15. Quo vadis, smallholder forest landscape?: An introduction to the LPB-RAP model

Author: Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Holler, S, Kübler, D, Conrad, O, Schmitz, O, Bonannella, C, Hengl, T, Böhner, J, Günter, S, Lippe, M, Landscape functioning, Geocomputation and Hydrology, Holler, S, Kübler, D, Conrad, O, Schmitz, O, Bonannella, C, Hengl, T, Böhner, J, Günter, S, and Lippe, M
Published: 2024

16. The Wisconsin Plasma Astrophysics Laboratory

Author: Forest, C. B., Flanagan, K., Brookhart, M., Cooper, C. M., Clark, M., Desangles, V., Egedal, J., Endrizzi, D., Miesch, M., Khalzov, I. V., Li, H., Milhone, J., Nornberg, M., Olson, J., Peterson, E., Roesler, F., Schekochihin, A., Schmitz, O., Siller, R., Spitkovsky, A., Stemo, A., Wallace, J., Weisberg, D., and Zweibel, E.
Subjects: Physics - Plasma Physics, Astrophysics - Solar and Stellar Astrophysics
Abstract: The Wisconsin Plasma Astrophysics Laboratory (WiPAL) is a flexible user facility designed to study a range of astrophysically relevant plasma processes as well as novel geometries that mimic astrophysical systems. A multi-cusp magnetic bucket constructed from strong samarium cobalt permanent magnets now confines a 10 m$^3$, fully ionized, magnetic-field free plasma in a spherical geometry. Plasma parameters of $ T_{e}\approx5$ to $20$ eV and $n_{e}\approx10^{11}$ to $5\times10^{12}$ cm$^{-3}$ provide an ideal testbed for a range of astrophysical experiments including self-exciting dynamos, collisionless magnetic reconnection, jet stability, stellar winds, and more. This article describes the capabilities of WiPAL along with several experiments, in both operating and planning stages, that illustrate the range of possibilities for future users., Comment: 21 pages, 12 figures, 2 tables
Published: 2015
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17. Direct measurement of the 2D axisymmetric ionization source rate in a helicon plasma for wakefield particle accelerator applications.

Author: Zepp, M., Granetzny, M., and Schmitz, O.
Abstract: A direct measurement of the particle balance and derivation of the underlying particle source rate distribution in a helicon plasma developed for wakefield particle accelerators is presented. Parallel and radial ion fluxes are measured using laser induced fluorescence on single ionized argon. We find that the radial contribution to the source rate is an order of magnitude larger than the axial contribution. We also find that the axial source rate profile closely matches the radial density gradient axial profile, thus indicating the importance of the radial density profile for the particle balance. Notably, the peak ion source rate is located off-axis, about halfway between the axis and the vacuum wall on both sides of the axial center. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Published: 2024
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18. Prospects for a high-field, compact break-even axisymmetric mirror (BEAM) and applications

Author: Forest, C.B., primary, Anderson, J.K., additional, Endrizzi, D., additional, Egedal, J., additional, Frank, S., additional, Furlong, K., additional, Ialovega, M., additional, Kirch, J., additional, Harvey, R.W., additional, Lindley, B., additional, Petrov, Yu.V., additional, Pizzo, J., additional, Qian, T., additional, Sanwalka, K., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Wallace, J., additional, Yakovlev, D., additional, and Yu, M., additional
Published: 2024
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19. Preference of right-handed whistler modes and helicon discharge directionality due to plasma density gradients

Author: Granetzny, M., primary, Schmitz, O., additional, and Zepp, M., additional
Published: 2023
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20. Investigation of helium exhaust dynamics at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak with full-tungsten wall

Author: Zito, A, Wischmeier, M, Kappatou, A, Kallenbach, A, Sciortino, F, Rohde, V, Schmid, K, Hinson, E, Schmitz, O, Cavedon, M, Mcdermott, R, Dux, R, Griener, M, Stroth, U, Zito A., Wischmeier M., Kappatou A., Kallenbach A., Sciortino F., Rohde V., Schmid K., Hinson E., Schmitz O., Cavedon M., McDermott R., Dux R., Griener M., Stroth U., Zito, A, Wischmeier, M, Kappatou, A, Kallenbach, A, Sciortino, F, Rohde, V, Schmid, K, Hinson, E, Schmitz, O, Cavedon, M, Mcdermott, R, Dux, R, Griener, M, Stroth, U, Zito A., Wischmeier M., Kappatou A., Kallenbach A., Sciortino F., Rohde V., Schmid K., Hinson E., Schmitz O., Cavedon M., McDermott R., Dux R., Griener M., and Stroth U.
Abstract: An efficient removal of He ash by active pumping in future fusion devices is necessary to avoid fuel dilution and not degrade the core confinement properties. Therefore, a deep understanding of the underlying physics mechanisms is mandatory. Helium exhaust has been experimentally investigated at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak. This is an ideal test environment, thanks to the ITER-like divertor geometry, an extensive diagnostics coverage and the presence of plasma-facing components made of tungsten. The exhaust efficiency, characterized by the He compression in the divertor, was found to improve with increasing divertor neutral pressure but to degrade with detachment. A multi-reservoir particle balance model was developed to interpret the observed exhaust dynamics, accounting for plasma transport and wall retention. The limited performance of the pumping system and the efficient helium retention capability of the tungsten wall were identified to have the strongest impact on the exhaust dynamics.
Published: 2023

21. Exploration of non-resonant divertor features on the Compact Toroidal Hybrid

Author: Garcia, K.A., primary, Bader, A., additional, Frerichs, H., additional, Hartwell, G.J., additional, Schmitt, J.C., additional, Allen, N., additional, and Schmitz, O., additional
Published: 2023
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22. Physics basis for the Wisconsin HTS Axisymmetric Mirror (WHAM)

Author: Endrizzi, D., primary, Anderson, J.K., additional, Brown, M., additional, Egedal, J., additional, Geiger, B., additional, Harvey, R.W., additional, Ialovega, M., additional, Kirch, J., additional, Peterson, E., additional, Petrov, Yu.V., additional, Pizzo, J., additional, Qian, T., additional, Sanwalka, K., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Wallace, J., additional, Yakovlev, D., additional, Yu, M., additional, and Forest, C.B., additional
Published: 2023
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23. Upgrades of edge, divertor and scrape-off layer diagnostics of W7‐X for OP1.2

Author: Hathiramani, D., Ali, A., Anda, G., Barbui, T., Biedermann, C., Charl, A., Chauvin, D., Czymek, G., Dhard, C.P., Drewelow, P., Dudek, A., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D.A., Fellinger, J., Ford, O., Freundt, S., Gradic, D., Grosser, K., Harris, J., Hölbe, H., Jakubowski, M.W., Knaup, M., Kocsis, G., König, R., Krause, M., Kremeyer, T., Kornejew, P., Krychowiak, M., Lambertz, H.T., Jenzsch, H., Mayer, M., Mohr, S., Neubauer, O., Otte, M., Perseo, V., Pilopp, D., Rudischhauser, L., Schmitz, O., Schweer, B., Schülke, M., Stephey, L., Szepesi, T., Terra, A., Toth, M., Wenzel, U., Wurden, G.A., Zoletnik, S., and Pedersen, T. Sunn
Published: 2018
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24. How to Deal with Mercury in Sediments? A Critical Review About Used Methods for the Speciation of Mercury in Sediments

Author: Hellmann, C., Costa, R. D., and Schmitz, O. J.
Published: 2019
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25. Results of ITER test blanket module mock-up experiments on DIII-D

Author: Snipes, JA, Schaffer, MJ, Gohil, P, De Vries, P, Fenstermacher, ME, Evans, TE, Gao, X, Garofalo, AM, Gates, DA, Greenfield, CM, Heidbrink, WW, Kramer, GJ, Liu, S, Loarte, A, Nave, MFF, Oyama, N, Park, JK, Ramasubramanian, N, Reimerdes, H, Saibene, G, Salmi, A, Shinohara, K, Spong, DA, Solomon, WM, Tala, T, Boedo, JA, Budny, R, Chuyanov, V, Doyle, EJ, Jakubowski, M, Jhang, H, Nazikian, RM, Pustovitov, VD, Schmitz, O, Osborne, TH, Srinivasan, R, Taylor, TS, Wade, MR, You, KI, and Zeng, L
Published: 2010

26. Investigation of helium exhaust dynamics at the ASDEX Upgrade tokamak with full-tungsten wall

Author: Zito, A., primary, Wischmeier, M., additional, Kappatou, A., additional, Kallenbach, A., additional, Sciortino, F., additional, Rohde, V., additional, Schmid, K., additional, Hinson, E.T., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Cavedon, M., additional, McDermott, R.M., additional, Dux, R., additional, Griener, M., additional, and Stroth, U., additional
Published: 2023
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27. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author: Pedersen, T, Abramovic, I, Agostinetti, P, Torres, M, Akaslompolo, S, Belloso, J, Aleynikov, P, Aleynikova, K, Alhashimi, M, Ali, A, Allen, N, Alonso, A, Anda, G, Andreeva, T, Angioni, C, Arkhipov, A, Arnold, A, Asad, W, Ascasibar, E, Aumeunier, M, Avramidis, K, Aymerich, E, Baek, S, Bahner, J, Baillod, A, Balden, M, Baldzuhn, J, Ballinger, S, Banduch, M, Bannmann, S, Navarro, A, Barbui, T, Beidler, C, Belafdil, C, Bencze, A, Benndorf, A, Beurskens, M, Biedermann, C, Biletskyi, O, Blackwell, B, Blatzheim, M, Bluhm, T, Bockenhoff, D, Bongiovi, G, Borchardt, M, Borodin, D, Boscary, J, Bosch, H, Bosmann, T, Boswirth, B, Bottger, L, Bottino, A, Bozhenkov, S, Brakel, R, Brandt, C, Brauer, T, Braune, H, Brezinsek, S, Brunner, K, Buller, S, Burhenn, R, Bussiahn, R, Buttenschon, B, Buzas, A, Bykov, V, Calvo, I, Mata, K, Caminal, I, Cannas, B, Cappa, A, Carls, A, Carovani, F, Carr, M, Carralero, D, Carvalho, B, Casas, J, Castano-Bardawil, D, Castejon, F, Chaudhary, N, Chelis, I, Chomiczewska, A, Coenen, J, Cole, M, Cordella, F, Corre, Y, Crombe, K, Cseh, G, Csillag, B, Damm, H, Day, C, de Baar, M, De la Cal, E, Degenkolbe, S, Demby, A, Denk, S, Dhard, C, Di Siena, A, Dinklage, A, Dittmar, T, Dreval, M, Drevlak, M, Drewelow, P, Drews, P, Dunai, D, Edlund, E, Effenberg, F, Ehrke, G, Endler, M, Ennis, D, Escoto, F, Estrada, T, Fable, E, Fahrenkamp, N, Fanni, A, Faustin, J, Fellinger, J, Feng, Y, Figacz, W, Flom, E, Ford, O, Fornal, T, Frerichs, H, Freundt, S, Fuchert, G, Fukuyama, M, Fullenbach, F, Gantenbein, G, Gao, Y, Garcia, K, Regana, J, Garcia-Cortes, I, Gaspar, J, Gates, D, Geiger, J, Geiger, B, Giudicotti, L, Gonzalez, A, Goriaev, A, Gradic, D, Grahl, M, Graves, J, Green, J, Grelier, E, Greuner, H, Gross, S, Grote, H, Groth, M, Gruca, M, Grulke, O, Grun, M, Arnaiz, J, Gunter, S, Haak, V, Haas, M, Hacker, P, Hakola, A, Hallenbert, A, Hammond, K, Han, X, Hansen, S, Harris, J, Hartfuss, H, Hartmann, D, Hathiramani, D, Hatzky, R, Hawke, J, Hegedus, S, Hein, B, Heinemann, B, Helander, P, Henneberg, S, Hergenhahn, U, Hidalgo, C, Hindenlang, F, Hirsch, M, Hofel, U, Hollfeld, K, Holtz, A, Hopf, D, Hoschen, D, Houry, M, Howard, J, Huang, X, Hubeny, M, Hudson, S, Ida, K, Igitkhanov, Y, Igochine, V, Illy, S, Ionita-Schrittwieser, C, Isobe, M, Jablczynska, M, Jablonski, S, Jagielski, B, Jakubowski, M, van Vuuren, A, Jelonnek, J, Jenko, F, Jensen, T, Jenzsch, H, Junghanns, P, Kaczmarczyk, J, Kallmeyer, J, Kamionka, U, Kandler, M, Kasilov, S, Kazakov, Y, Kennedy, D, Kharwandikar, A, Khokhlov, M, Kiefer, C, Killer, C, Kirschner, A, Kleiber, R, Klinger, T, Klose, S, Knauer, J, Knieps, A, Kochl, F, Kocsis, G, Kolesnichenko, Y, Konies, A, Konig, R, Kontula, J, Kornejew, P, Koschinsky, J, Kozulia, M, Kramer-Flecken, A, Krampitz, R, Krause, M, Krawczyk, N, Kremeyer, T, Krier, L, Kriete, D, Krychowiak, M, Ksiazek, I, Kubkowska, M, Kuczynski, M, Kuhner, G, Kumar, A, Kurki-Suonio, T, Kwak, S, Landreman, M, Lang, P, Langenberg, A, Laqua, H, Laube, R, Lazerson, S, Lewerentz, M, Li, C, Liang, Y, Linsmeier, C, Lion, J, Litnovsky, A, Liu, S, Lobsien, J, Loizu, J, Lore, J, Lorenz, A, Losada, U, Louche, F, Lunsford, R, Lutsenko, V, Machielsen, M, Mackel, F, Maisano-Brown, J, Maj, O, Makowski, D, Manduchi, G, Maragkoudakis, E, Marchuk, O, Marsen, S, Martines, E, Martinez-Fernandez, J, Marushchenko, M, Masuzaki, S, Maurer, D, Mayer, M, Mccarthy, K, Mccormack, O, Mcneely, P, Meister, H, Mendelevitch, B, Mendes, S, Merlo, A, Messian, A, Mielczarek, A, Mishchenko, O, Missal, B, Mitteau, R, Moiseenko, V, Mollen, A, Moncada, V, Monnich, T, Morisaki, T, Moseev, D, Motojima, G, Mulas, S, Mulsow, M, Nagel, M, Naujoks, D, Naulin, V, Neelis, T, Neilson, H, Neu, R, Neubauer, O, Neuner, U, Nicolai, D, Nielsen, S, Niemann, H, Nishiza, T, Nishizawa, T, Nuhrenberg, C, Ochoukov, R, Oelmann, J, Offermanns, G, Ogawa, K, Okamura, S, Olmanns, J, Ongena, J, Oosterbeek, J, Otte, M, Pablant, N, Alvarez, N, Pandey, A, Pasch, E, Pavlichenko, R, Pavone, A, Pawelec, E, Pechstein, G, Pelka, G, Perseo, V, Peterson, B, Pilopp, D, Pingel, S, Pisano, F, Plockl, B, Plunk, G, Poloskei, P, Pompe, B, Popov, A, Porkolab, M, Proll, J, Pueschel, M, Puiatti, M, Sitjes, A, Purps, F, Rahbarnia, K, Rasinski, M, Rasmussen, J, Reiman, A, Reimold, F, Reisner, M, Reiter, D, Richou, M, Riedl, R, Riemann, J, Risse, K, Roberg-Clark, G, Rohde, V, Romazanov, J, Rondeshagen, D, Rong, P, Rudischhauser, L, Rummel, T, Rummel, K, Runov, A, Rust, N, Ryc, L, Salembier, P, Salewski, M, Sanchez, E, Satake, S, Satheeswaran, G, Schacht, J, Scharff, E, Schauer, F, Schilling, J, Schlisio, G, Schmid, K, Schmitt, J, Schmitz, O, Schneider, W, Schneider, M, Schneider, P, Schrittwieser, R, Schroder, T, Schroder, M, Schroeder, R, Schweer, B, Schworer, D, Scott, E, Shanahan, B, Sias, G, Sichta, P, Singer, M, Sinha, P, Siplia, S, Slaby, C, Sleczka, M, Smith, H, Smoniewski, J, Sonnendrucker, E, Spolaore, M, Spring, A, Stadler, R, Stanczak, D, Stange, T, Stepanov, I, Stephey, L, Stober, J, Stroth, U, Strumberger, E, Suzuki, C, Suzuki, Y, Svensson, J, Szabolics, T, Szepesi, T, Szucs, M, Tabares, F, Tamura, N, Tancetti, A, Tantos, C, Terry, J, Thienpondt, H, Thomsen, H, Thumm, M, Travere, J, Traverso, P, Tretter, J, Trier, E, Mora, H, Tsujimura, T, Turkin, Y, Tykhyi, A, Unterberg, B, van Eeten, P, van Milligen, B, van Schoor, M, Vano, L, Varoutis, S, Vecsei, M, Vela, L, Velasco, J, Vervier, M, Vianello, N, Viebke, H, Vilbrandt, R, Vogel, G, Vogt, N, Volkhausen, C, von Stechow, A, Wagner, F, Wang, E, Wang, H, Warmer, F, Wauters, T, Wegener, L, Wegner, T, Weir, G, Wenzel, U, White, A, Wilde, F, Wilms, F, Windisch, T, Winkler, M, Winter, A, Winters, V, Wolf, R, Wright, A, Wurden, G, Xanthopoulos, P, Xu, S, Yamada, H, Yamaguchi, H, Yokoyama, M, Yoshinuma, M, Yu, Q, Zamanov, M, Zanini, M, Zarnstorff, M, Zhang, D, Zhou, S, Zhu, J, Zhu, C, Zilker, M, Zocco, A, Zohm, H, Zoletnik, S, Zsuga, L, Pedersen T. S., Abramovic I., Agostinetti P., Torres M. A., Akaslompolo S., Belloso J. A., Aleynikov P., Aleynikova K., Alhashimi M., Ali A., Allen N., Alonso A., Anda G., Andreeva T., Angioni C., Arkhipov A., Arnold A., Asad W., Ascasibar E., Aumeunier M. -H., Avramidis K., Aymerich E., Baek S. -G., Bahner J., Baillod A., Balden M., Baldzuhn J., Ballinger S., Banduch M., Bannmann S., Navarro A. B., Barbui T., Beidler C., Belafdil C., Bencze A., Benndorf A., Beurskens M., Biedermann C., Biletskyi O., Blackwell B., Blatzheim M., Bluhm T., Bockenhoff D., Bongiovi G., Borchardt M., Borodin D., Boscary J., Bosch H., Bosmann T., Boswirth B., Bottger L., Bottino A., Bozhenkov S., Brakel R., Brandt C., Brauer T., Braune H., Brezinsek S., Brunner K., Buller S., Burhenn R., Bussiahn R., Buttenschon B., Buzas A., Bykov V., Calvo I., Mata K. C., Caminal I., Cannas B., Cappa A., Carls A., Carovani F., Carr M., Carralero D., Carvalho B., Casas J., Castano-Bardawil D., Castejon F., Chaudhary N., Chelis I., Chomiczewska A., Coenen J. W., Cole M., Cordella F., Corre Y., Crombe K., Cseh G., Csillag B., Damm H., Day C., de Baar M., De la Cal E., Degenkolbe S., Demby A., Denk S., Dhard C., Di Siena A., Dinklage A., Dittmar T., Dreval M., Drevlak M., Drewelow P., Drews P., Dunai D., Edlund E., Effenberg F., Ehrke G., Endler M., Ennis D. A., Escoto F. J., Estrada T., Fable E., Fahrenkamp N., Fanni A., Faustin J., Fellinger J., Feng Y., Figacz W., Flom E., Ford O., Fornal T., Frerichs H., Freundt S., Fuchert G., Fukuyama M., Fullenbach F., Gantenbein G., Gao Y., Garcia K., Regana J. M. G., Garcia-Cortes I., Gaspar J., Gates D. A., Geiger J., Geiger B., Giudicotti L., Gonzalez A., Goriaev A., Gradic D., Grahl M., Graves J. P., Green J., Grelier E., Greuner H., Gross S., Grote H., Groth M., Gruca M., Grulke O., Grun M., Arnaiz J. G., Gunter S., Haak V., Haas M., Hacker P., Hakola A., Hallenbert A., Hammond K., Han X., Hansen S. K., Harris J. H., Hartfuss H., Hartmann D., Hathiramani D., Hatzky R., Hawke J., Hegedus S., Hein B., Heinemann B., Helander P., Henneberg S., Hergenhahn U., Hidalgo C., Hindenlang F., Hirsch M., Hofel U., Hollfeld K. P., Holtz A., Hopf D., Hoschen D., Houry M., Howard J., Huang X., Hubeny M., Hudson S., Ida K., Igitkhanov Y., Igochine V., Illy S., Ionita-Schrittwieser C., Isobe M., Jablczynska M., Jablonski S., Jagielski B., Jakubowski M., van Vuuren A. J., Jelonnek J., Jenko F., Jensen T., Jenzsch H., Junghanns P., Kaczmarczyk J., Kallmeyer J., Kamionka U., Kandler M., Kasilov S., Kazakov Y., Kennedy D., Kharwandikar A., Khokhlov M., Kiefer C., Killer C., Kirschner A., Kleiber R., Klinger T., Klose S., Knauer J., Knieps A., Kochl F., Kocsis G., Kolesnichenko Ya. I., Konies A., Konig R., Kontula J., Kornejew P., Koschinsky J., Kozulia M. M., Kramer-Flecken A., Krampitz R., Krause M., Krawczyk N., Kremeyer T., Krier L., Kriete D. M., Krychowiak M., Ksiazek I., Kubkowska M., Kuczynski M., Kuhner G., Kumar A., Kurki-Suonio T., Kwak S., Landreman M., Lang P. T., Langenberg A., Laqua H. P., Laqua H., Laube R., Lazerson S., Lewerentz M., Li C., Liang Y., Linsmeier Ch., Lion J., Litnovsky A., Liu S., Lobsien J., Loizu J., Lore J., Lorenz A., Losada U., Louche F., Lunsford R., Lutsenko V., Machielsen M., Mackel F., Maisano-Brown J., Maj O., Makowski D., Manduchi G., Maragkoudakis E., Marchuk O., Marsen S., Martines E., Martinez-Fernandez J., Marushchenko M., Masuzaki S., Maurer D., Mayer M., McCarthy K. J., McCormack O., McNeely P., Meister H., Mendelevitch B., Mendes S., Merlo A., Messian A., Mielczarek A., Mishchenko O., Missal B., Mitteau R., Moiseenko V. E., Mollen A., Moncada V., Monnich T., Morisaki T., Moseev D., Motojima G., Mulas S., Mulsow M., Nagel M., Naujoks D., Naulin V., Neelis T., Neilson H., Neu R., Neubauer O., Neuner U., Nicolai D., Nielsen S. K., Niemann H., Nishiza T., Nishizawa T., Nuhrenberg C., Ochoukov R., Oelmann J., Offermanns G., Ogawa K., Okamura S., Olmanns J., Ongena J., Oosterbeek J., Otte M., Pablant N., Alvarez N. P., Pandey A., Pasch E., Pavlichenko R., Pavone A., Pawelec E., Pechstein G., Pelka G., Perseo V., Peterson B., Pilopp D., Pingel S., Pisano F., Plockl B., Plunk G., Poloskei P., Pompe B., Popov A., Porkolab M., Proll J., Pueschel M. J., Puiatti M. -E., Sitjes A. P., Purps F., Rahbarnia K., Rasinski M., Rasmussen J., Reiman A., Reimold F., Reisner M., Reiter D., Richou M., Riedl R., Riemann J., Risse K., Roberg-Clark G., Rohde V., Romazanov J., Rondeshagen D., Rong P., Rudischhauser L., Rummel T., Rummel K., Runov A., Rust N., Ryc L., Salembier P., Salewski M., Sanchez E., Satake S., Satheeswaran G., Schacht J., Scharff E., Schauer F., Schilling J., Schlisio G., Schmid K., Schmitt J., Schmitz O., Schneider W., Schneider M., Schneider P., Schrittwieser R., Schroder T., Schroder M., Schroeder R., Schweer B., Schworer D., Scott E., Shanahan B., Sias G., Sichta P., Singer M., Sinha P., Siplia S., Slaby C., Sleczka M., Smith H., Smoniewski J., Sonnendrucker E., Spolaore M., Spring A., Stadler R., Stanczak D., Stange T., Stepanov I., Stephey L., Stober J., Stroth U., Strumberger E., Suzuki C., Suzuki Y., Svensson J., Szabolics T., Szepesi T., Szucs M., Tabares F. L., Tamura N., Tancetti A., Tantos C., Terry J., Thienpondt H., Thomsen H., Thumm M., Travere J. M., Traverso P., Tretter J., Trier E., Mora H. T., Tsujimura T., Turkin Y., Tykhyi A., Unterberg B., van Eeten P., van Milligen B. Ph., van Schoor M., Vano L., Varoutis S., Vecsei M., Vela L., Velasco J. L., Vervier M., Vianello N., Viebke H., Vilbrandt R., Vogel G., Vogt N., Volkhausen C., von Stechow A., Wagner F., Wang E., Wang H., Warmer F., Wauters T., Wegener L., Wegner T., Weir G., Wenzel U., White A., Wilde F., Wilms F., Windisch T., Winkler M., Winter A., Winters V., Wolf R., Wright A. M., Wurden G. 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L., Tamura N., Tancetti A., Tantos C., Terry J., Thienpondt H., Thomsen H., Thumm M., Travere J. M., Traverso P., Tretter J., Trier E., Mora H. T., Tsujimura T., Turkin Y., Tykhyi A., Unterberg B., van Eeten P., van Milligen B. Ph., van Schoor M., Vano L., Varoutis S., Vecsei M., Vela L., Velasco J. L., Vervier M., Vianello N., Viebke H., Vilbrandt R., Vogel G., Vogt N., Volkhausen C., von Stechow A., Wagner F., Wang E., Wang H., Warmer F., Wauters T., Wegener L., Wegner T., Weir G., Wenzel U., White A., Wilde F., Wilms F., Windisch T., Winkler M., Winter A., Winters V., Wolf R., Wright A. M., Wurden G. A., Xanthopoulos P., Xu S., Yamada H., Yamaguchi H., Yokoyama M., Yoshinuma M., Yu Q., Zamanov M., Zanini M., Zarnstorff M., Zhang D., Zhou S., Zhu J., Zhu C., Zilker M., Zocco A., Zohm H., Zoletnik S., and Zsuga L.
Abstract: We present recent highlights from the most recent operation phases of Wendelstein 7-X, the most advanced stellarator in the world. Stable detachment with good particle exhaust, low impurity content, and energy confinement times exceeding 100 ms, have been maintained for tens of seconds. Pellet fueling allows for plasma phases with reduced ion-temperature-gradient turbulence, and during such phases, the overall confinement is so good (energy confinement times often exceeding 200 ms) that the attained density and temperature profiles would not have been possible in less optimized devices, since they would have had neoclassical transport losses exceeding the heating applied in W7-X. This provides proof that the reduction of neoclassical transport through magnetic field optimization is successful. W7-X plasmas generally show good impurity screening and high plasma purity, but there is evidence of longer impurity confinement times during turbulence-suppressed phases.
Published: 2022

28. Experimental helium exhaust studies in the full-W ASDEX Upgrade

Author: Zito, A, Kappatou, A, Wischmeier, M, Kallenbach, A, Rohde, V, Hinson, E, Schmitz, O, Cavedon, M, Mcdermott, R, Dux, R, Griener, M, Stroth, U, Zito A., Kappatou A., Wischmeier M., Kallenbach A., Rohde V., Hinson E., Schmitz O., Cavedon M., McDermott R. M., Dux R., Griener M., Stroth U., Zito, A, Kappatou, A, Wischmeier, M, Kallenbach, A, Rohde, V, Hinson, E, Schmitz, O, Cavedon, M, Mcdermott, R, Dux, R, Griener, M, Stroth, U, Zito A., Kappatou A., Wischmeier M., Kallenbach A., Rohde V., Hinson E., Schmitz O., Cavedon M., McDermott R. M., Dux R., Griener M., and Stroth U.
Published: 2022

29. Magnetic configuration effects on the Wendelstein 7-X stellarator

Author: Dinklage, A., Beidler, C. D., Helander, P., Fuchert, G., Maaßberg, H., Rahbarnia, K., Sunn Pedersen, T., Turkin, Y., Wolf, R. C., Alonso, A., Andreeva, T., Blackwell, B., Bozhenkov, S., Buttenschön, B., Czarnecka, A., Effenberg, F., Feng, Y., Geiger, J., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Jakubowski, M., Klinger, T., Knauer, J., Kocsis, G., Krämer-Flecken, A., Kubkowska, M., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H. P., Marushchenko, N., Mollén, A., Neuner, U., Niemann, H., Pasch, E., Pablant, N., Rudischhauser, L., Smith, H. M., Schmitz, O., Stange, T., Szepesi, T., Weir, G., Windisch, T., Wurden, G. A., Zhang, D., and and the W7-X Team
Published: 2018
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30. Stellarator Research Opportunities: A Report of the National Stellarator Coordinating Committee

Author: Gates, David A., Anderson, David, Anderson, S., Zarnstorff, M., Spong, Donald A., Weitzner, Harold, Neilson, G. H., Ruzic, D., Andruczyk, D., Harris, J. H., Mynick, H., Hegna, C. C., Schmitz, O., Talmadge, J. N., Curreli, D., Maurer, D., Boozer, A. H., Knowlton, S., Allain, J. P., Ennis, D., Wurden, G., Reiman, A., Lore, J. D., Landreman, Matt, Freidberg, J. P., Hudson, S. R., Porkolab, M., Demers, D., Terry, J., Edlund, E., Lazerson, S. A., Pablant, N., Fonck, R., Volpe, F., Canik, J., Granetz, R., Ware, A., Hanson, J. D., Kumar, S., Deng, C., Likin, K., Cerfon, A., Ram, A., Hassam, A., Prager, S., Paz-Soldan, C., Pueschel, M. J., Joseph, I., and Glasser, A. H.
Published: 2018
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31. First feedback-controlled divertor detachment in W7-X: Experience from TDU operation and prospects for operation with actively cooled divertor

Author: Krychowiak, M., primary, König, R., additional, Barbui, T., additional, Brezinsek, S., additional, Brunner, J., additional, Effenberg, F., additional, Endler, M., additional, Feng, Y., additional, Flom, E., additional, Gao, Y., additional, Gradic, D., additional, Hacker, P., additional, Harris, J.H., additional, Hirsch, M., additional, Höfel, U., additional, Jakubowski, M., additional, Kornejew, P., additional, Otte, M., additional, Pandey, A., additional, Pedersen, T.S., additional, Puig, A., additional, Reimold, F., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schröder, T., additional, Winters, V., additional, and Zhang, D., additional
Published: 2023
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32. Development of the self-modulation instability of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

Author: Verra, L., Wyler, S., Nechaeva, T., Pucek, J., Bencini, V., Bergamaschi, M., Ranc, L., Zevi Della Porta, G., Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A. C., Doebert, S., Elverson, F. A., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Gorn, A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Guran, E., Henderson, J., Kedves, M. a., Kim, S. -y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Calderon, M. Martinez, Mazzoni, S., Moon, K., Morales Guzman, P. I., Moreira, M., Pakuza, C., Pannell, F., Pardons, A., Pepitone, Kevin, Poimendidou, E., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Rossel, R., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, F., Silva, L., Spear, B., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Weidl, M., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., Zepp, M., Verra, L., Wyler, S., Nechaeva, T., Pucek, J., Bencini, V., Bergamaschi, M., Ranc, L., Zevi Della Porta, G., Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C. C., Amoedo, C., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J. M., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P. N., Buttenschoen, B., Caldwell, A., Chung, M., Cooke, D. A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A. C., Doebert, S., Elverson, F. A., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Gorn, A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Guran, E., Henderson, J., Kedves, M. a., Kim, S. -y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Calderon, M. Martinez, Mazzoni, S., Moon, K., Morales Guzman, P. I., Moreira, M., Pakuza, C., Pannell, F., Pardons, A., Pepitone, Kevin, Poimendidou, E., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R. L., Rey, S., Rossel, R., Saberi, H., Schmitz, O., Senes, E., Silva, F., Silva, L., Spear, B., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P., Turner, M., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Weidl, M., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., and Zepp, M.
Abstract: Self-modulation is a beam-plasma instability that is useful to drive large-amplitude wakefields with bunches much longer than the plasma skin depth. We present experimental results showing that, when increasing the ratio between the initial transverse size of the bunch and the plasma skin depth, the instability occurs later along the bunch, or not at all, over a fixed plasma length because the amplitude of the initial wakefields decreases. We show cases for which self-modulation does not develop, and we introduce a simple model discussing the conditions for which it would not occur after any plasma length. Changing bunch size and plasma electron density also changes the growth rate of the instability. We discuss the impact of these results on the design of a particle accelerator based on the self-modulation instability seeded by a relativistic ionization front, such as the future upgrade of the Advanced WAKefield Experiment.
Published: 2023
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33. Plasma response impact on RMP divertor footprint modeling for KSTAR

Author: Frerichs, H., primary, van Blarcum, J., additional, Yang, S.M., additional, Park, J-K., additional, Logan, N.C., additional, Feng, Y., additional, and Schmitz, O., additional
Published: 2023
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34. Impact of 3D magnetic field structure on boundary and divertor plasmas in stellarator/heliotron devices

Author: Kobayashi, M., Feng, Y., Xu, Y., Tabares, F.L., Ida, K., Schmitz, O., Evans, T.E., Frerichs, H., Liang, Y., Bader, A., Itoh, K., Yamada, H., Ghendrih, Ph., Ciraolo, G., Tafalla, D., Lopez-Fraguas, A., Guo, H.Y., Cui, Z.Y., Reiter, D., Asakura, N., Wenzel, U., Morita, S., Ohno, N., Peterson, B.J., and Masuzaki, S.
Published: 2015
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35. Experimental helium exhaust studies in the full-W ASDEX Upgrade

Author: Zito A., Kappatou A., Wischmeier M., Kallenbach A., Rohde V., Hinson E., Schmitz O., Cavedon M., McDermott R. M., Dux R., Griener M., Stroth U., ASDEX Upgrade Team, Max Planck Institute for Plasma Physics, Max Planck Society, Zito, A, Kappatou, A, Wischmeier, M, Kallenbach, A, Rohde, V, Hinson, E, Schmitz, O, Cavedon, M, Mcdermott, R, Dux, R, Griener, M, and Stroth, U
Subjects: plasma
Published: 2022

36. Analytical Innovations: Development And Applications Of Atmospheric Pressure Laser Ionization (Apli)

Author: Brockmann, K. J., Benter, Th., Lorenz, M., Mangas SuÁrez, A. L., GÄb, S., Schmitz, O., Schiewek, R., MÖnnikes, R., Barnes, I., editor, and Kharytonov, M. M., editor
Published: 2008
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37. From Mesocosms to the Field: The Role and Value of Cage Experiments in Understanding Top-Down Effects in Ecosystems

Author: Schmitz, O. J., Weisser, Wolfgang W., editor, and Siemann, Evan, editor
Published: 2008
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38. State of the Art in the LC/MS

Author: Schmitz, O., primary
Published: 2017
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39. Penetration depths of injected/sputtered tungsten in the plasma edge layer of TEXTOR

Author: Laengner, M., Brezinsek, S., Coenen, J.W., Pospieszczyk, A., Kondratyev, D., Borodin, D., Stoschus, H., Schmitz, O., Philipps, V., and Samm, U.
Published: 2013
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40. Material deposition and migration processes with resonant magnetic perturbation fields at TEXTOR

Author: Laengner, Ruth, Schmitz, O., Brezinsek, S., Coenen, J.W., Eich, T., Freisinger, M., Kirschner, A., Kreter, A., Möller, S., Laengner, M., Philipps, V., Pospieszczyk, A., Reimer, H., Samm, U., and Wienhold, P.
Published: 2013
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41. Numerical sensitivity analysis of divertor heat flux and edge temperature at DIII-D under the influence of resonant magnetic perturbations

Author: Frerichs, H., Schmitz, O., Reiter, D., Cahyna, P., Feng, Y., and Evans, T.E.
Published: 2013
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42. Modeling of divertor particle and heat loads during application of resonant magnetic perturbation fields for ELM control in ITER

Author: Schmitz, O., Becoulet, M., Cahyna, P., Evans, T.E., Feng, Y., Frerichs, H., Kirschner, A., Kukushkin, A., Laengner, R., Lunt, T., Loarte, A., Pitts, R., Reiser, D., Reiter, D., Saibene, G., and Samm, U.
Published: 2013
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43. Dust investigations in TEXTOR: Impact of dust on plasma–wall interactions and on plasma performance

Author: Litnovsky, A., Rudakov, D.L., Bozhenkov, S., Smirnov, R.D., Ratynskaia, S., Bergsåker, H., Bykov, I., Ashikawa, N., De Temmerman, G., Xu, Y., Krasheninnikov, S.I., Biel, W., Brezinsek, S., Coenen, J.W., Kreter, A., Kantor, M., Lambertz, H.T., Philipps, V., Pospieszczyk, A., Samm, U., Sergienko, G., Schmitz, O., and Stoschus, H.
Published: 2013
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44. Controlled growth of the self-modulation of a relativistic proton bunch in plasma

Author: Verra, L., Zevi Della Porta, G., Pucek, J., Nechaeva, T., Wyler, S., Bergamaschi, M., Senes, E., Guran, E., Moody, J.T., Kedves, M.Á., Gschwendtner, E., Muggli, P., Agnello, R., Ahdida, C.C., Goncalves, M.C.A., Andrebe, Y., Apsimon, O., Apsimon, R., Arnesano, J.M., Bachmann, A.-M., Barrientos, D., Batsch, F., Bencini, V., Blanchard, P., Burrows, P.N., Buttenschön, B., Caldwell, A., Chappell, J., Chevallay, E., Chung, M., Cooke, D.A., Davut, C., Demeter, G., Dexter, A.C., Doebert, S., Elverson, F.A., Farmer, J., Fasoli, A., Fedosseev, V., Fonseca, R., Furno, I., Gorn, A., Granados, E., Granetzny, M., Graubner, T., Grulke, O., Hafych, V., Henderson, J., Hüther, M., Khudiakov, V., Kim, S.-Y., Kraus, F., Krupa, M., Lefevre, T., Liang, L., Liu, S., Lopes, N., Lotov, K., Martinez Calderon, M., Mazzoni, S., Medina Godoy, D., Moon, K., Morales Guzmán, P.I., Moreira, M., Nowak, E., Pakuza, C., Panuganti, H., Pardons, A., Pepitone, K., Perera, A., Pukhov, A., Ramjiawan, R.L., Rey, S., Schmitz, O., Silva, F., Silva, L., Stollberg, C., Sublet, A., Swain, C., Topaloudis, A., Torrado, N., Tuev, P., Velotti, F., Verzilov, V., Vieira, J., Weidl, M., Welsch, C., Wendt, M., Wing, M., Wolfenden, J., Woolley, B., Xia, G., Yarygova, V., Zepp, M., and AWAKE Collaboration
Subjects: Accelerator Physics (physics.acc-ph), Other Fields of Physics, General Physics and Astronomy, FOS: Physical sciences, Acceleratorfysik och instrumentering, Accelerator Physics and Instrumentation, Accelerators and Storage Rings, Ciências Naturais::Ciências Físicas [Domínio/Área Científica], Fusion, Plasma and Space Physics, Physics - Plasma Physics, Plasma Physics (physics.plasm-ph), Fusion, plasma och rymdfysik, physics.plasm-ph, Physics::Accelerator Physics, Physics - Accelerator Physics, physics.acc-ph
Abstract: A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently control the amplitude of the seed wakefields with the charge of the electron bunch and the growth rate of SM with the charge of the proton bunch. Seeding leads to larger growth of the wakefields than in the instability case. A long, narrow, relativistic charged particle bunch propagating in plasma is subject to the self-modulation (SM) instability. We show that SM of a proton bunch can be seeded by the wakefields driven by a preceding electron bunch. SM timing reproducibility and control are at the level of a small fraction of the modulation period. With this seeding method, we independently control the amplitude of the seed wakefields with the charge of the electron bunch and the growth rate of SM with the charge of the proton bunch. Seeding leads to larger growth of the wakefields than in the instability case.
Published: 2022

45. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author: Fenstermacher, M.E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Elder, D., Eldon, D., Ellis, R., Elwasif, W., Ennis, D., Erickson, K., Ernst, D., Fasciana, M., Fedorov, D., Feibush, E., Ferraro, N., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fimognari, P., Finkenthal, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fox, P., Fox, W., Frassinetti, L., Frerichs, H., Frye, H., Fu, Y., Gage, K., Galdon Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Q., Garcia, A., Garcia Munoz, M., Garnier, D., Garofalo, A., Gattuso, A., Geng, D., Gentle, K., Ghosh, D., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, S., Gilson, E., Giroud, C., Glass, F., Glasser, A., Glibert, D., Gohil, P., Gomez, R., Gomez, S., Gong, X., Gonzales, E., Goodman, A., Gorelov, Y., Graber, V., Granetz, R., Gray, T., Green, D., Greenfield, C., Greenwald, M., Grierson, B., Groebner, R., Grosnickle, W., Groth, M., Grunloh, H., Gu, S., Guo, W., Guo, H., Gupta, P., Guterl, J., Guttenfelder, W., Guzman, T., Haar, S., Hager, R., Hahn, S., Halfmoon, M., Hall, T., Hallatschek, K., Halpern, F., Hammett, G., Han, H., Hansen, E., Hansen, C., Hansink, M., Hanson, J., Hanson, M., Hao, G., Harris, A., Harvey, R., Haskey, S., Hassan, E., Hassanein, A., Hatch, D., Hawryluk, R., Hayashi, W., Heidbrink, W., Herfindal, J., Hicok, J., Hill, D., Hinson, E., Holcomb, C., Holland, L., Holland, C., Hollmann, E., Hollocombe, J., Holm, A., Holmes, I., Holtrop, K., Honda, M., Hong, R., Hood, R., Horton, A., Horvath, L., Hosokawa, M., Houshmandyar, S., Howard, N., Howell, E., Hoyt, D., Hu, W., Hu, Y., Hu, Q., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Hughes, J., Human, T., Humphreys, D., Huynh, P., Hyatt, A., Ibanez, C., Ibarra, L., Icasas, R., Ida, K., Igochine, V., In, Y., Inoue, S., Isayama, A., Izacard, O., Izzo, V., Jackson, A., Jacobsen, G., Jaervinen, A., Jalalvand, A., Janhunen, J., Jardin, S., Jarleblad, H., Jeon, Y., Ji, H., Jian, X., Joffrin, E., Johansen, A., Johnson, C., Johnson, T., Jones, C., Joseph, I., Jubas, D., Junge, B., Kalb, W., Kalling, R., Kamath, C., Kang, J., Kaplan, D., Kaptanoglu, A., Kasdorf, S., Kates-Harbeck, J., Kazantzidis, P., Kellman, A., Kellman, D., Kessel, C., Khumthong, K., Kim, E., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., Kimura, W., King, M., King, J., Kinsey, J., Kirk, A., Kiyan, B., Kleiner, A., Klevarova, V., Knapp, R., Knolker, M., Ko, W., Kobayashi, T., Koch, E., Kochan, M., Koel, B., Koepke, M., Kohn, A., Kolasinski, R., Kolemen, E., Kostadinova, E., Kostuk, M., Kramer, G., Kriete, D., Kripner, L., Kubota, S., Kulchar, J., Kwon, K., La Haye, R., Laggner, F., Lan, H., Lantsov, R., Lao, L., Lasa Esquisabel, A., Lasnier, C., Lau, C., Leard, B., Lee, J., Lee, R., Lee, M., Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S., Lehnen, M., Leonard, A., Leppink, E., Lesher, M., Lestz, J., Leuer, J., Leuthold, N., Li, X., Li, K., Li, E., Li, G., Li, L., Li, Z., Li, J., Li, Y., Lin, Z., Lin, D., Liu, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, T., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Liu, D., Liu, A., Loarte-Prieto, A., Lodestro, L., Logan, N., Lohr, J., Lombardo, B., Lore, J., Luan, Q., Luce, T., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., Luhmann, N., Lunsford, R., Luo, Z., Lvovskiy, A., Lyons, B., Ma, X., Madruga, M., Madsen, B., Maggi, C., Maheshwari, K., Mail, A., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Major, M., Makowski, M., Manchanda, R., Marini, C., Marinoni, A., Maris, A., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, E., Mateja, J., Matsunaga, G., Maurizio, R., Mauzey, P., Mauzey, D., McArdle, G., McClenaghan, J., McCollam, K., McDevitt, C., McKay, K., McKee, G., McLean, A., Mehta, V., Meier, E., Menard, J., Meneghini, O., Merlo, G., Messer, S., Meyer, W., Michael, C., Michoski, C., Milne, P., Minet, G., Misleh, A., Mitrishkin, Y., Moeller, C., Montes, K., Morales, M., Mordijck, S., Moreau, D., Morosohk, S., Morris, P., Morton, L., Moser, A., Moyer, R., Moynihan, C., Mrazkova, T., Mueller, D., Munaretto, S., Munoz Burgos, J., Murphy, C., Murphy, K., Muscatello, C., Myers, C., Nagy, A., Nandipati, G., Navarro, M., Nave, F., Navratil, G., Nazikian, R., Neff, A., Neilson, G., Neiser, T., Neiswanger, W., Nelson, D., Nelson, A., Nespoli, F., Nguyen, R., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, X., Nichols, J., Nocente, M., Nogami, S., Noraky, S., Norausky, N., Nornberg, M., Nygren, R., Odstrcil, T., Ogas, D., Ogorman, T., Ohdachi, S., Ohtani, Y., Okabayashi, M., Okamoto, M., Olavson, L., Olofsson, E., Omullane, M., Oneill, R., Orlov, D., Orvis, W., Osborne, T., Pace, D., Paganini Canal, G., Pajares Martinez, A., Palacios, L., Pan, C., Pan, Q., Pandit, R., Pandya, M., Pankin, A., Park, Y., Park, J., Parker, S., Parks, P., Parsons, M., Patel, B., Pawley, C., Paz-Soldan, C., Peebles, W., Pelton, S., Perillo, R., Petty, C., Peysson, Y., Pierce, D., Pigarov, A., Pigatto, L., Piglowski, D., Pinches, S., Pinsker, R., Piovesan, P., Piper, N., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., Pizzo, J., Plank, U., Podesta, M., Poli, E., Poli, F., Ponce, D., Popovic, Z., Porkolab, M., Porter, G., Powers, C., Powers, S., Prater, R., Pratt, Q., Pusztai, I., Qian, J., Qin, X., Ra, O., Rafiq, T., Raines, T., Raman, R., Rauch, J., Raymond, A., Rea, C., Reich, M., Reiman, A., Reinhold, S., Reinke, M., Reksoatmodjo, R., Ren, Q., Ren, Y., Ren, J., Rensink, M., Renteria, J., Rhodes, T., Rice, J., Roberts, R., Robinson, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, P., Rognlien, T., Rosenthal, A., Rosiello, S., Rost, J., Roveto, J., Rowan, W., Rozenblat, R., Ruane, J., Rudakov, D., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Rupani, R., Saarelma, S., Sabbagh, S., Sachdev, J., Saenz, J., Saib, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sammuli, B., Samuell, C., Sandorfi, A., Sang, C., Sarff, J., Sauter, O., Schaubel, K., Schmitz, L., Schmitz, O., Schneider, J., Schroeder, P., Schultz, K., Schuster, E., Schwartz, J., Sciortino, F., Scotti, F., Scoville, J., Seltzman, A., Seol, S., Sfiligoi, I., Shafer, M., Sharapov, S., Shen, H., Sheng, Z., Shepard, T., Shi, S., Shibata, Y., Shin, G., Shiraki, D., Shousha, R., Si, H., Simmerling, P., Sinclair, G., Sinha, J., Sinha, P., Sips, G., Sizyuk, T., Skinner, C., Sladkomedova, A., Slendebroek, T., Slief, J., Smirnov, R., Smith, J., Smith, S., Smith, D., Snipes, J., Snoep, G., Snyder, A., Snyder, P., Solano, E., Solomon, W., Song, J., Sontag, A., Soukhanovskii, V., Spendlove, J., Spong, D., Squire, J., Srinivasan, C., Stacey, W., Staebler, G., Stagner, L., Stange, T., Stangeby, P., Stefan, R., Stemprok, R., Stephan, D., Stillerman, J., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Stonecipher, W., Storment, S., Strait, E., Su, D., Sugiyama, L., Sun, Y., Sun, P., Sun, Z., Sun, A., Sundstrom, D., Sung, C., Sungcoco, J., Suttrop, W., Suzuki, Y., Suzuki, T., Svyatkovskiy, A., Swee, C., Sweeney, R., Sweetnam, C., Szepesi, G., Takechi, M., Tala, T., Tanaka, K., Tang, X., Tang, S., Tao, Y., Tao, R., Taussig, D., Taylor, T., Teixeira, K., Teo, K., Theodorsen, A., Thomas, D., Thome, K., Thorman, A., Thornton, A., Ti, A., Tillack, M., Timchenko, N., Tinguely, R., Tompkins, R., Tooker, J., Torrezan De Sousa, A., Trevisan, G., Tripathi, S., Trujillo Ochoa, A., Truong, D., Tsui, C., Turco, F., Turnbull, A., Umansky, M., Unterberg, E., Vaezi, P., Vail, P., Valdez, J., Valkis, W., Van Compernolle, B., Van Galen, J., van Kampen, R., Van Zeeland, M., Verdoolaege, G., Vianello, N., Victor, B., Viezzer, E., Vincena, S., Wade, M., Waelbroeck, F., Wai, J., Wakatsuki, T., Walker, M., Wallace, G., Waltz, R., Wampler, W., Wang, L., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Ward, S., Watkins, M., Watkins, J., Wehner, W., Wei, Y., Weiland, M., Weisberg, D., Welander, A., White, A., White, R., Wiesen, S., Wilcox, R., Wilks, T., Willensdorfer, M., Wilson, H., Wingen, A., Wolde, M., Wolff, M., Woller, K., Wolz, A., Wong, H., Woodruff, S., Wu, M., Wu, Y., Wukitch, S., Wurden, G., Xiao, W., Xie, R., Xing, Z., Xu, X., Xu, C., Xu, G., Yan, Z., Yang, X., Yang, S., Yokoyama, T., Yoneda, R., Yoshida, M., You, K., Younkin, T., Yu, J., Yu, M., Yu, G., Yuan, Q., Zaidenberg, L., Zakharov, L., Zamengo, A., Zamperini, S., Zarnstorff, M., Zeger, E., Zeller, K., Zeng, L., Zerbini, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, R., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, B., Zheng, Y., Zheng, L., Zhu, B., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zsutty, M., Zuin, M., Fenstermacher, M.E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., de Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Elder, D., Eldon, D., Ellis, R., Elwasif, W., Ennis, D., Erickson, K., Ernst, D., Fasciana, M., Fedorov, D., Feibush, E., Ferraro, N., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fimognari, P., Finkenthal, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fox, P., Fox, W., Frassinetti, L., Frerichs, H., Frye, H., Fu, Y., Gage, K., Galdon Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Q., Garcia, A., Garcia Munoz, M., Garnier, D., Garofalo, A., Gattuso, A., Geng, D., Gentle, K., Ghosh, D., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, S., Gilson, E., Giroud, C., Glass, F., Glasser, A., Glibert, D., Gohil, P., Gomez, R., Gomez, S., Gong, X., Gonzales, E., Goodman, A., Gorelov, Y., Graber, V., Granetz, R., Gray, T., Green, D., Greenfield, C., Greenwald, M., Grierson, B., Groebner, R., Grosnickle, W., Groth, M., Grunloh, H., Gu, S., Guo, W., Guo, H., Gupta, P., Guterl, J., Guttenfelder, W., Guzman, T., Haar, S., Hager, R., Hahn, S., Halfmoon, M., Hall, T., Hallatschek, K., Halpern, F., Hammett, G., Han, H., Hansen, E., Hansen, C., Hansink, M., Hanson, J., Hanson, M., Hao, G., Harris, A., Harvey, R., Haskey, S., Hassan, E., Hassanein, A., Hatch, D., Hawryluk, R., Hayashi, W., Heidbrink, W., Herfindal, J., Hicok, J., Hill, D., Hinson, E., Holcomb, C., Holland, L., Holland, C., Hollmann, E., Hollocombe, J., Holm, A., Holmes, I., Holtrop, K., Honda, M., Hong, R., Hood, R., Horton, A., Horvath, L., Hosokawa, M., Houshmandyar, S., Howard, N., Howell, E., Hoyt, D., Hu, W., Hu, Y., Hu, Q., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Hughes, J., Human, T., Humphreys, D., Huynh, P., Hyatt, A., Ibanez, C., Ibarra, L., Icasas, R., Ida, K., Igochine, V., In, Y., Inoue, S., Isayama, A., Izacard, O., Izzo, V., Jackson, A., Jacobsen, G., Jaervinen, A., Jalalvand, A., Janhunen, J., Jardin, S., Jarleblad, H., Jeon, Y., Ji, H., Jian, X., Joffrin, E., Johansen, A., Johnson, C., Johnson, T., Jones, C., Joseph, I., Jubas, D., Junge, B., Kalb, W., Kalling, R., Kamath, C., Kang, J., Kaplan, D., Kaptanoglu, A., Kasdorf, S., Kates-Harbeck, J., Kazantzidis, P., Kellman, A., Kellman, D., Kessel, C., Khumthong, K., Kim, E., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., Kimura, W., King, M., King, J., Kinsey, J., Kirk, A., Kiyan, B., Kleiner, A., Klevarova, V., Knapp, R., Knolker, M., Ko, W., Kobayashi, T., Koch, E., Kochan, M., Koel, B., Koepke, M., Kohn, A., Kolasinski, R., Kolemen, E., Kostadinova, E., Kostuk, M., Kramer, G., Kriete, D., Kripner, L., Kubota, S., Kulchar, J., Kwon, K., La Haye, R., Laggner, F., Lan, H., Lantsov, R., Lao, L., Lasa Esquisabel, A., Lasnier, C., Lau, C., Leard, B., Lee, J., Lee, R., Lee, M., Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S., Lehnen, M., Leonard, A., Leppink, E., Lesher, M., Lestz, J., Leuer, J., Leuthold, N., Li, X., Li, K., Li, E., Li, G., Li, L., Li, Z., Li, J., Li, Y., Lin, Z., Lin, D., Liu, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, T., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Liu, D., Liu, A., Loarte-Prieto, A., Lodestro, L., Logan, N., Lohr, J., Lombardo, B., Lore, J., Luan, Q., Luce, T., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., 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M., and Zuin, M.
Abstract: DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limit
Published: 2022

46. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author: Fenstermacher, M, Abbate, J, Abe, S, Abrams, T, Adams, M, Adamson, B, Aiba, N, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anand, H, Anderson, J, Andrew, Y, Andrews, T, Appelt, D, Arbon, R, Ashikawa, N, Ashourvan, A, Aslin, M, Asnis, Y, Austin, M, Ayala, D, Bak, J, Bandyopadhyay, I, Banerjee, S, Barada, K, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Battey, A, Baumgartner, W, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Beidler, M, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bernard, T, Bertelli, N, Beurskens, M, Bielajew, R, Bilgili, S, Biswas, B, Blondel, S, Boedo, J, Bogatu, I, Boivin, R, Bolzonella, T, Bongard, M, Bonnin, X, Bonoli, P, Bonotto, M, Bortolon, A, Bose, S, Bosviel, N, Bouwmans, S, Boyer, M, Boyes, W, Bradley, L, Brambila, R, Brennan, D, Bringuier, S, Brodsky, L, Brookman, M, Brooks, J, Brower, D, Brown, G, Brown, W, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butler, K, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Byrne, P, Cacheris, A, Callahan, K, Callen, J, Campbell, G, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cano-Megias, P, Cao, N, Carayannopoulos, L, Carlstrom, T, Carrig, W, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Paz, G, Chaban, R, Chan, V, Chapman, B, Char, I, Chattopadhyay, A, Chen, R, Chen, J, Chen, X, Chen, M, Chen, Z, Choi, M, Choi, W, Choi, G, Chousal, L, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Chung, Y, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clark, J, Clement, M, Coda, S, Cole, A, Collins, C, Conlin, W, Cooper, A, Cordell, J, Coriton, B, Cote, T, Cothran, J, Creely, A, Crocker, N, Crowe, C, Crowley, B, Crowley, T, Cruz-Zabala, D, Cummings, D, Curie, M, Curreli, D, Dal Molin, A, Dannels, B, Dautt-Silva, A, Davda, K, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Degrandchamp, G, Degrassie, J, Demers, D, Denk, S, Depasquale, S, Deshazer, E, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Dimits, A, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Do, T, Doane, J, Dong, G, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Drews, W, Drobny, J, Du, X, Du, H, Duarte, V, Dudt, D, Dunn, C, Duran, J, Dvorak, A, Effenberg, F, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Ellis, R, Elwasif, W, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Fasciana, M, Fedorov, D, Feibush, E, Ferraro, N, Ferreira, J, Ferron, J, Fimognari, P, Finkenthal, D, Fitzpatrick, R, Fox, P, Fox, W, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Frye, H, Fu, Y, Gage, K, Quiroga, J, Gallo, A, Gao, Q, Garcia, A, Munoz, M, Garnier, D, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Geng, D, Gentle, K, Ghosh, D, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, S, Gilson, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Glasser, A, Glibert, D, Gohil, P, Gomez, R, Gomez, S, Gong, X, Gonzales, E, Goodman, A, Gorelov, Y, Graber, V, Granetz, R, Gray, T, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Greenwald, M, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Gu, S, Guo, W, Guo, H, Gupta, P, Guterl, J, Guttenfelder, W, Guzman, T, Haar, S, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halfmoon, M, Hall, T, Hallatschek, K, Halpern, F, Hammett, G, Han, H, Hansen, E, Hansen, C, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Hanson, M, Hao, G, Harris, A, Harvey, R, Haskey, S, Hassan, E, Hassanein, A, Hatch, D, Hawryluk, R, Hayashi, W, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hicok, J, Hill, D, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, L, Holland, C, Hollmann, E, 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Abstract: DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I (p) steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at similar to 8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I (p) beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stab
Published: 2022

47. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author: Fenstermacher, M. E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., De Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Elder, D., Eldon, D., Ellis, R., Elwasif, W., Ennis, D., Erickson, K., Ernst, D., Fasciana, M., Fedorov, D., Feibush, E., Ferraro, N., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fimognari, P., Finkenthal, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fox, P., Fox, W., Frassinetti, L., Frerichs, H., Frye, H., Fu, Y., Gage, K., Galdon Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Q., Garcia, A., Garcia Munoz, M., Garnier, D., Garofalo, A., Gattuso, A., Geng, D., Gentle, K., Ghosh, D., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, S., Gilson, E., Giroud, C., Glass, F., Glasser, A., Glibert, D., Gohil, P., Gomez, R., Gomez, S., Gong, X., Gonzales, E., Goodman, A., Gorelov, Y., Graber, V., Granetz, R., Gray, T., Green, D., Greenfield, C., Greenwald, M., Grierson, B., Groebner, R., Grosnickle, W., Groth, M., Grunloh, H., Gu, S., Guo, W., Guo, H., Gupta, P., Guterl, J., Guttenfelder, W., Guzman, T., Haar, S., Hager, R., Hahn, S., Halfmoon, M., Hall, T., Hallatschek, K., Halpern, F., Hammett, G., Han, H., Hansen, E., Hansen, C., Hansink, M., Hanson, J., Hanson, M., Hao, G., Harris, A., Harvey, R., Haskey, S., Hassan, E., Hassanein, A., Hatch, D., Hawryluk, R., Hayashi, W., Heidbrink, W., Herfindal, J., Hicok, J., Hill, D., Hinson, E., Holcomb, C., Holland, L., Holland, C., Hollmann, E., Hollocombe, J., Holm, A., Holmes, I., Holtrop, K., Honda, M., Hong, R., Hood, R., Horton, A., Horvath, L., Hosokawa, M., Houshmandyar, S., Howard, N., Howell, E., Hoyt, D., Hu, W., Hu, Y., Hu, Q., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Hughes, J., Human, T., Humphreys, D., Huynh, P., Hyatt, A., Ibanez, C., Ibarra, L., Icasas, R., Ida, K., Igochine, V., In, Y., Inoue, S., Isayama, A., Izacard, O., Izzo, V., Jackson, A., Jacobsen, G., Jaervinen, A., Jalalvand, A., Janhunen, J., Jardin, S., Jarleblad, H., Jeon, Y., Ji, H., Jian, X., Joffrin, E., Johansen, A., Johnson, C., Johnson, T., Jones, C., Joseph, I., Jubas, D., Junge, B., Kalb, W., Kalling, R., Kamath, C., Kang, J., Kaplan, D., Kaptanoglu, A., Kasdorf, S., Kates-Harbeck, J., Kazantzidis, P., Kellman, A., Kellman, D., Kessel, C., Khumthong, K., Kim, E., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., Kimura, W., King, M., King, J., Kinsey, J., Kirk, A., Kiyan, B., Kleiner, A., Klevarova, V., Knapp, R., Knolker, M., Ko, W., Kobayashi, T., Koch, E., Kochan, M., Koel, B., Koepke, M., Kohn, A., Kolasinski, R., Kolemen, E., Kostadinova, E., Kostuk, M., Kramer, G., Kriete, D., Kripner, L., Kubota, S., Kulchar, J., Kwon, K., La Haye, R., Laggner, F., Lan, H., Lantsov, R., Lao, L., Lasa Esquisabel, A., Lasnier, C., Lau, C., Leard, B., Lee, J., Lee, R., Lee, M., Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S., Lehnen, M., Leonard, A., Leppink, E., Lesher, M., Lestz, J., Leuer, J., Leuthold, N., Li, X., Li, K., Li, E., Li, G., Li, L., Li, Z., Li, J., Li, Y., Lin, Z., Lin, D., Liu, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, T., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Liu, D., Liu, A., Loarte-Prieto, A., Lodestro, L., Logan, N., Lohr, J., Lombardo, B., Lore, J., Luan, Q., Luce, T., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., Luhmann, N., Lunsford, R., Luo, Z., Lvovskiy, A., Lyons, B., Ma, X., Madruga, M., Madsen, B., Maggi, C., Maheshwari, K., Mail, A., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Major, M., Makowski, M., Manchanda, R., Marini, C., Marinoni, A., Maris, A., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, E., Mateja, J., Matsunaga, G., Maurizio, R., Mauzey, P., Mauzey, D., McArdle, G., McClenaghan, J., McCollam, K., McDevitt, C., McKay, K., McKee, G., McLean, A., Mehta, V., Meier, E., Menard, J., Meneghini, O., Merlo, G., Messer, S., Meyer, W., Michael, C., Michoski, C., Milne, P., Minet, G., Misleh, A., Mitrishkin, Y., Moeller, C., Montes, K., Morales, M., Mordijck, S., Moreau, D., Morosohk, S., Morris, P., Morton, L., Moser, A., Moyer, R., Moynihan, C., Mrazkova, T., Mueller, D., Munaretto, S., Munoz Burgos, J., Murphy, C., Murphy, K., Muscatello, C., Myers, C., Nagy, A., Nandipati, G., Navarro, M., Nave, F., Navratil, G., Nazikian, R., Neff, A., Neilson, G., Neiser, T., Neiswanger, W., Nelson, D., Nelson, A., Nespoli, F., Nguyen, R., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, X., Nichols, J., Nocente, M., Nogami, S., Noraky, S., Norausky, N., Nornberg, M., Nygren, R., Odstrcil, T., Ogas, D., Ogorman, T., Ohdachi, S., Ohtani, Y., Okabayashi, M., Okamoto, M., Olavson, L., Olofsson, E., Omullane, M., Oneill, R., Orlov, D., Orvis, W., Osborne, T., Pace, D., Paganini Canal, G., Pajares Martinez, A., Palacios, L., Pan, C., Pan, Q., Pandit, R., Pandya, M., Pankin, A., Park, Y., Park, J., Parker, S., Parks, P., Parsons, M., Patel, B., Pawley, C., Paz-Soldan, C., Peebles, W., Pelton, S., Perillo, R., Petty, C., Peysson, Y., Pierce, D., Pigarov, A., Pigatto, L., Piglowski, D., Pinches, S., Pinsker, R., Piovesan, P., Piper, N., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., Pizzo, J., Plank, U., Podesta, M., Poli, E., Poli, F., Ponce, D., Popovic, Z., Porkolab, M., Porter, G., Powers, C., Powers, S., Prater, R., Pratt, Q., Pusztai, I., Qian, J., Qin, X., Ra, O., Rafiq, T., Raines, T., Raman, R., Rauch, J., Raymond, A., Rea, C., Reich, M., Reiman, A., Reinhold, S., Reinke, M., Reksoatmodjo, R., Ren, Q., Ren, Y., Ren, J., Rensink, M., Renteria, J., Rhodes, T., Rice, J., Roberts, R., Robinson, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, P., Rognlien, T., Rosenthal, A., Rosiello, S., Rost, J., Roveto, J., Rowan, W., Rozenblat, R., Ruane, J., Rudakov, D., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Rupani, R., Saarelma, S., Sabbagh, S., Sachdev, J., Saenz, J., Saib, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sammuli, B., Samuell, C., Sandorfi, A., Sang, C., Sarff, J., Sauter, O., Schaubel, K., Schmitz, L., Schmitz, O., Schneider, J., Schroeder, P., Schultz, K., Schuster, E., Schwartz, J., Sciortino, F., Scotti, F., Scoville, J., Seltzman, A., Seol, S., Sfiligoi, I., Shafer, M., Sharapov, S., Shen, H., Sheng, Z., Shepard, T., Shi, S., Shibata, Y., Shin, G., Shiraki, D., Shousha, R., Si, H., Simmerling, P., Sinclair, G., Sinha, J., Sinha, P., Sips, G., Sizyuk, T., Skinner, C., Sladkomedova, A., Slendebroek, T., Slief, J., Smirnov, R., Smith, J., Smith, S., Smith, D., Snipes, J., Snoep, G., Snyder, A., Snyder, P., Solano, E., Solomon, W., Song, J., Sontag, A., Soukhanovskii, V., Spendlove, J., Spong, D., Squire, J., Srinivasan, C., Stacey, W., Staebler, G., Stagner, L., Stange, T., Stangeby, P., Stefan, R., Stemprok, R., Stephan, D., Stillerman, J., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Stonecipher, W., Storment, S., Strait, E., Su, D., Sugiyama, L., Sun, Y., Sun, P., Sun, Z., Sun, A., Sundstrom, D., Sung, C., Sungcoco, J., Suttrop, W., Suzuki, Y., Suzuki, T., Svyatkovskiy, A., Swee, C., Sweeney, R., Sweetnam, C., Szepesi, G., Takechi, M., Tala, T., Tanaka, K., Tang, X., Tang, S., Tao, Y., Tao, R., Taussig, D., Taylor, T., Teixeira, K., Teo, K., Theodorsen, A., Thomas, D., Thome, K., Thorman, A., Thornton, A., Ti, A., Tillack, M., Timchenko, N., Tinguely, R., Tompkins, R., Tooker, J., Torrezan De Sousa, A., Trevisan, G., Tripathi, S., Trujillo Ochoa, A., Truong, D., Tsui, C., Turco, F., Turnbull, A., Umansky, M., Unterberg, E., Vaezi, P., Vail, P., Valdez, J., Valkis, W., Van Compernolle, B., Van Galen, J., Van Kampen, R., Van Zeeland, M., Verdoolaege, G., Vianello, N., Victor, B., Viezzer, E., Vincena, S., Wade, M., Waelbroeck, F., Wai, J., Wakatsuki, T., Walker, M., Wallace, G., Waltz, R., Wampler, W., Wang, L., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Ward, S., Watkins, M., Watkins, J., Wehner, W., Wei, Y., Weiland, M., Weisberg, D., Welander, A., White, A., White, R., Wiesen, S., Wilcox, R., Wilks, T., Willensdorfer, M., Wilson, H., Wingen, A., Wolde, M., Wolff, M., Woller, K., Wolz, A., Wong, H., Woodruff, S., Wu, M., Wu, Y., Wukitch, S., Wurden, G., Xiao, W., Xie, R., Xing, Z., Xu, X., Xu, C., Xu, G., Yan, Z., Yang, X., Yang, S., Yokoyama, T., Yoneda, R., Yoshida, M., You, K., Younkin, T., Yu, J., Yu, M., Yu, G., Yuan, Q., Zaidenberg, L., Zakharov, L., Zamengo, A., Zamperini, S., Zarnstorff, M., Zeger, E., Zeller, K., Zeng, L., Zerbini, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, R., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, B., Zheng, Y., Zheng, L., Zhu, B., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zsutty, M., Zuin, M., Fenstermacher, M. E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., De Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Elder, D., Eldon, D., Ellis, R., Elwasif, W., Ennis, D., Erickson, K., Ernst, D., Fasciana, M., Fedorov, D., Feibush, E., Ferraro, N., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fimognari, P., Finkenthal, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fox, P., Fox, W., Frassinetti, L., Frerichs, H., Frye, H., Fu, Y., Gage, K., Galdon Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Q., Garcia, A., Garcia Munoz, M., Garnier, D., Garofalo, A., Gattuso, A., Geng, D., Gentle, K., Ghosh, D., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, S., Gilson, E., Giroud, C., Glass, F., Glasser, A., Glibert, D., Gohil, P., Gomez, R., Gomez, S., Gong, X., Gonzales, E., Goodman, A., Gorelov, Y., Graber, V., Granetz, R., Gray, T., Green, D., Greenfield, C., Greenwald, M., Grierson, B., Groebner, R., Grosnickle, W., Groth, M., Grunloh, H., Gu, S., Guo, W., Guo, H., Gupta, P., Guterl, J., Guttenfelder, W., Guzman, T., Haar, S., Hager, R., Hahn, S., Halfmoon, M., Hall, T., Hallatschek, K., Halpern, F., Hammett, G., Han, H., Hansen, E., Hansen, C., Hansink, M., Hanson, J., Hanson, M., Hao, G., Harris, A., Harvey, R., Haskey, S., Hassan, E., Hassanein, A., Hatch, D., Hawryluk, R., Hayashi, W., Heidbrink, W., Herfindal, J., Hicok, J., Hill, D., Hinson, E., Holcomb, C., Holland, L., Holland, C., Hollmann, E., Hollocombe, J., Holm, A., Holmes, I., Holtrop, K., Honda, M., Hong, R., Hood, R., Horton, A., Horvath, L., Hosokawa, M., Houshmandyar, S., Howard, N., Howell, E., Hoyt, D., Hu, W., Hu, Y., Hu, Q., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Hughes, J., Human, T., Humphreys, D., Huynh, P., Hyatt, A., Ibanez, C., Ibarra, L., Icasas, R., Ida, K., Igochine, V., In, Y., Inoue, S., Isayama, A., Izacard, O., Izzo, V., Jackson, A., Jacobsen, G., Jaervinen, A., Jalalvand, A., Janhunen, J., Jardin, S., Jarleblad, H., Jeon, Y., Ji, H., Jian, X., Joffrin, E., Johansen, A., Johnson, C., Johnson, T., Jones, C., Joseph, I., Jubas, D., Junge, B., Kalb, W., Kalling, R., Kamath, C., Kang, J., Kaplan, D., Kaptanoglu, A., Kasdorf, S., Kates-Harbeck, J., Kazantzidis, P., Kellman, A., Kellman, D., Kessel, C., Khumthong, K., Kim, E., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., Kimura, W., King, M., King, J., Kinsey, J., Kirk, A., Kiyan, B., Kleiner, A., Klevarova, V., Knapp, R., Knolker, M., Ko, W., Kobayashi, T., Koch, E., Kochan, M., Koel, B., Koepke, M., Kohn, A., Kolasinski, R., Kolemen, E., Kostadinova, E., Kostuk, M., Kramer, G., Kriete, D., Kripner, L., Kubota, S., Kulchar, J., Kwon, K., La Haye, R., Laggner, F., Lan, H., Lantsov, R., Lao, L., Lasa Esquisabel, A., Lasnier, C., Lau, C., Leard, B., Lee, J., Lee, R., Lee, M., Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S., Lehnen, M., Leonard, A., Leppink, E., Lesher, M., Lestz, J., Leuer, J., Leuthold, N., Li, X., Li, K., Li, E., Li, G., Li, L., Li, Z., Li, J., Li, Y., Lin, Z., Lin, D., Liu, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, T., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Liu, D., Liu, A., Loarte-Prieto, A., Lodestro, L., Logan, N., Lohr, J., Lombardo, B., Lore, J., Luan, Q., Luce, T., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., Luhmann, N., Lunsford, R., Luo, Z., Lvovskiy, A., Lyons, B., Ma, X., Madruga, M., Madsen, B., Maggi, C., Maheshwari, K., Mail, A., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Major, M., Makowski, M., Manchanda, R., Marini, C., Marinoni, A., Maris, A., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, E., Mateja, J., Matsunaga, G., Maurizio, R., Mauzey, P., Mauzey, D., McArdle, G., McClenaghan, J., McCollam, K., McDevitt, C., McKay, K., McKee, G., McLean, A., Mehta, V., Meier, E., Menard, J., Meneghini, O., Merlo, G., Messer, S., Meyer, W., Michael, C., Michoski, C., Milne, P., Minet, G., Misleh, A., Mitrishkin, Y., Moeller, C., Montes, K., Morales, M., Mordijck, S., Moreau, D., Morosohk, S., Morris, P., Morton, L., Moser, A., Moyer, R., Moynihan, C., Mrazkova, T., Mueller, D., Munaretto, S., Munoz Burgos, J., Murphy, C., Murphy, K., Muscatello, C., Myers, C., Nagy, A., Nandipati, G., Navarro, M., Nave, F., Navratil, G., Nazikian, R., Neff, A., Neilson, G., Neiser, T., Neiswanger, W., Nelson, D., Nelson, A., Nespoli, F., Nguyen, R., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, X., Nichols, J., Nocente, M., Nogami, S., Noraky, S., Norausky, N., Nornberg, M., Nygren, R., Odstrcil, T., Ogas, D., Ogorman, T., Ohdachi, S., Ohtani, Y., Okabayashi, M., Okamoto, M., Olavson, L., Olofsson, E., Omullane, M., Oneill, R., Orlov, D., Orvis, W., Osborne, T., Pace, D., Paganini Canal, G., Pajares Martinez, A., Palacios, L., Pan, C., Pan, Q., Pandit, R., Pandya, M., Pankin, A., Park, Y., Park, J., Parker, S., Parks, P., Parsons, M., Patel, B., Pawley, C., Paz-Soldan, C., Peebles, W., Pelton, S., Perillo, R., Petty, C., Peysson, Y., Pierce, D., Pigarov, A., Pigatto, L., Piglowski, D., Pinches, S., Pinsker, R., Piovesan, P., Piper, N., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., Pizzo, J., Plank, U., Podesta, M., Poli, E., Poli, F., Ponce, D., Popovic, Z., Porkolab, M., Porter, G., Powers, C., Powers, S., Prater, R., Pratt, Q., Pusztai, I., Qian, J., Qin, X., Ra, O., Rafiq, T., Raines, T., Raman, R., Rauch, J., Raymond, A., Rea, C., Reich, M., Reiman, A., Reinhold, S., Reinke, M., Reksoatmodjo, R., Ren, Q., Ren, Y., Ren, J., Rensink, M., Renteria, J., Rhodes, T., Rice, J., Roberts, R., Robinson, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, P., Rognlien, T., Rosenthal, A., Rosiello, S., Rost, J., Roveto, J., Rowan, W., Rozenblat, R., Ruane, J., Rudakov, D., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Rupani, R., Saarelma, S., Sabbagh, S., Sachdev, J., Saenz, J., Saib, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sammuli, B., Samuell, C., Sandorfi, A., Sang, C., Sarff, J., Sauter, O., Schaubel, K., Schmitz, L., Schmitz, O., Schneider, J., Schroeder, P., Schultz, K., Schuster, E., Schwartz, J., Sciortino, F., Scotti, F., Scoville, J., Seltzman, A., Seol, S., Sfiligoi, I., Shafer, M., Sharapov, S., Shen, H., Sheng, Z., Shepard, T., Shi, S., Shibata, Y., Shin, G., Shiraki, D., Shousha, R., Si, H., Simmerling, P., Sinclair, G., Sinha, J., Sinha, P., Sips, G., Sizyuk, T., Skinner, C., Sladkomedova, A., Slendebroek, T., Slief, J., Smirnov, R., Smith, J., Smith, S., Smith, D., Snipes, J., Snoep, G., Snyder, A., Snyder, P., Solano, E., Solomon, W., Song, J., Sontag, A., Soukhanovskii, V., Spendlove, J., Spong, D., Squire, J., Srinivasan, C., Stacey, W., Staebler, G., Stagner, L., Stange, T., Stangeby, P., Stefan, R., Stemprok, R., Stephan, D., Stillerman, J., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Stonecipher, W., Storment, S., Strait, E., Su, D., Sugiyama, L., Sun, Y., Sun, P., Sun, Z., Sun, A., Sundstrom, D., Sung, C., Sungcoco, J., Suttrop, W., Suzuki, Y., Suzuki, T., Svyatkovskiy, A., Swee, C., Sweeney, R., Sweetnam, C., Szepesi, G., Takechi, M., Tala, T., Tanaka, K., Tang, X., Tang, S., Tao, Y., Tao, R., Taussig, D., Taylor, T., Teixeira, K., Teo, K., Theodorsen, A., Thomas, D., Thome, K., Thorman, A., Thornton, A., Ti, A., Tillack, M., Timchenko, N., Tinguely, R., Tompkins, R., Tooker, J., Torrezan De Sousa, A., Trevisan, G., Tripathi, S., Trujillo Ochoa, A., Truong, D., Tsui, C., Turco, F., Turnbull, A., Umansky, M., Unterberg, E., Vaezi, P., Vail, P., Valdez, J., Valkis, W., Van Compernolle, B., Van Galen, J., Van Kampen, R., Van Zeeland, M., Verdoolaege, G., Vianello, N., Victor, B., Viezzer, E., Vincena, S., Wade, M., Waelbroeck, F., Wai, J., Wakatsuki, T., Walker, M., Wallace, G., Waltz, R., Wampler, W., Wang, L., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Ward, S., Watkins, M., Watkins, J., Wehner, W., Wei, Y., Weiland, M., Weisberg, D., Welander, A., White, A., White, R., Wiesen, S., Wilcox, R., Wilks, T., Willensdorfer, M., Wilson, H., Wingen, A., Wolde, M., Wolff, M., Woller, K., Wolz, A., Wong, H., Woodruff, S., Wu, M., Wu, Y., Wukitch, S., Wurden, G., Xiao, W., Xie, R., Xing, Z., Xu, X., Xu, C., Xu, G., Yan, Z., Yang, X., Yang, S., Yokoyama, T., Yoneda, R., Yoshida, M., You, K., Younkin, T., Yu, J., Yu, M., Yu, G., Yuan, Q., Zaidenberg, L., Zakharov, L., Zamengo, A., Zamperini, S., Zarnstorff, M., Zeger, E., Zeller, K., Zeng, L., Zerbini, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, R., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, B., Zheng, Y., Zheng, L., Zhu, B., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zsutty, M., and Zuin, M.
Abstract: DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limit
Published: 2022

48. Experimental confirmation of efficient island divertor operation and successful neoclassical transport optimization in Wendelstein 7-X

Author: Pedersen, Thomas Sunn, Abramovic, I., Agostinetti, P., Torres, M. Agredano, Äkäslompolo, S., Belloso, J. Alcuson, Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alhashimi, M., Ali, A., Allen, N., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Angioni, C., Arkhipov, A., Arnold, A., Asad, W., Ascasibar, E., Aumeunier, M. H., Avramidis, K., Aymerich, E., Baek, S. G., Bähner, J., Baillod, A., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Ballinger, S., Banduch, M., Bannmann, S., Navarro, A. Bañón, Barbui, T., Beidler, C., Belafdil, C., Bencze, A., Benndorf, A., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Biletskyi, O., Blackwell, B., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bongiovi, G., Borchardt, M., Borodin, D., Boscary, J., Bosch, H., Bosmann, T., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L., Bottino, A., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K., Buller, S., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Buzás, A., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Mata, K. Camacho, Caminal, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carovani, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carvalho, B., Casas, J., Castano-Bardawil, D., Castejon, F., Chaudhary, N., Chelis, I., Chomiczewska, A., Coenen, J. W., Cole, M., Cordella, F., Corre, Y., Crombe, K., Cseh, G., Csillag, B., Damm, H., Day, C., de Baar, M., De la Cal, E., Degenkolbe, S., Demby, A., Denk, S., Dhard, C., Di Siena, A., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Dreval, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D. A., Escoto, F. J., Estrada, T., Fable, E., Fahrenkamp, N., Fanni, A., Faustin, J., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Figacz, W., Flom, E., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freundt, S., Fuchert, G., Fukuyama, M., Füllenbach, F., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., Garcia, K., Regaña, J. M.García, García-Cortés, I., Gaspar, J., Gates, D. A., Geiger, J., Geiger, B., Giudicotti, L., González, A., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Graves, J. P., Green, J., Grelier, E., Greuner, H., Groß, S., Grote, H., Groth, M., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Grün, M., Arnaiz, J. Guerrero, Günter, S., Haak, V., Haas, M., Hacker, P., Hakola, A., Hallenbert, A., Hammond, K., Han, X., Hansen, S. K., Harris, J. H., Hartfuß, H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hatzky, R., Hawke, J., Hegedus, S., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Hergenhahn, U., Hidalgo, C., Hindenlang, F., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Hollfeld, K. P., Holtz, A., Hopf, D., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Hubeny, M., Hudson, S., Ida, K., Igitkhanov, Y., Igochine, V., Illy, S., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isobe, M., Jabłczynska, M., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, B., Jakubowski, M., van Vuuren, A. Jansen, Jelonnek, J., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Jenzsch, H., Junghanns, P., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J., Kamionka, U., Kandler, M., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kennedy, D., Kharwandikar, A., Khokhlov, M., Kiefer, C., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Knauer, J., Knieps, A., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Kolesnichenko, Ya I., Könies, A., König, R., Kontula, J., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J., Kozulia, M. M., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krampitz, R., Krause, M., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krier, L., Kriete, D. M., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kuczynski, M., Kühner, G., Kumar, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P. T., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lewerentz, M., Li, C., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch, Lion, J., Litnovsky, A., Liu, S., Lobsien, J., Loizu, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losada, U., Louche, F., Lunsford, R., Lutsenko, V., Machielsen, M., Mackel, F., Maisano-Brown, J., Maj, O., Makowski, D., Manduchi, G., Maragkoudakis, E., Marchuk, O., Marsen, S., Martines, E., Martinez-Fernandez, J., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K. J., McCormack, O., McNeely, P., Meister, H., Mendelevitch, B., Mendes, S., Merlo, A., Messian, A., Mielczarek, A., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mitteau, R., Moiseenko, V. E., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Motojima, G., Mulas, S., Mulsow, M., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Naulin, V., Neelis, T., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishiza, T., Nishizawa, T., Nührenberg, C., Ochoukov, R., Oelmann, J., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Okamura, S., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Alvarez, N. Panadero, Pandey, A., Pasch, E., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pechstein, G., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plöckl, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Pompe, B., Popov, A., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Pueschel, M. J., Puiatti, M. E., Sitjes, A. Puig, Purps, F., Rahbarnia, K., Rasinski, M., Rasmussen, J., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reisner, M., Reiter, D., Richou, M., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Riße, K., Roberg-Clark, G., Rohde, V., Romazanov, J., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, T., Rummel, K., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Salembier, P., Salewski, M., Sanchez, E., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Scharff, E., Schauer, F., Schilling, J., Schlisio, G., Schmid, K., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, O., Schneider, W., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, T., Schröder, M., Schroeder, R., Schweer, B., Schwörer, D., Scott, E., Shanahan, B., Sias, G., Sichta, P., Singer, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Smoniewski, J., Sonnendrücker, E., Spolaore, M., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stanczak, D., Stange, T., Stepanov, I., Stephey, L., Stober, J., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Svensson, J., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szücs, M., Tabarés, F. L., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Tantos, C., Terry, J., Thienpondt, H., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trier, E., Mora, H. Trimino, Tsujimura, T., Turkin, Y., Tykhyi, A., Unterberg, B., van Eeten, P., van Milligen, B. Ph, van Schoor, M., Vano, L., Varoutis, S., Vecsei, M., Vela, L., Velasco, J. L., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vogel, G., Vogt, N., Volkhausen, C., von Stechow, A., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, H., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Wegner, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., White, A., Wilde, F., Wilms, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, R., Wright, A. M., Wurden, G. A., Xanthopoulos, P., Xu, S., Yamada, H., Yamaguchi, H., Yokoyama, M., Yoshinuma, M., Yu, Q., Zamanov, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zhang, D., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., Zhu, C., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zohm, H., Zoletnik, S., Zsuga, L., Pedersen, Thomas Sunn, Abramovic, I., Agostinetti, P., Torres, M. Agredano, Äkäslompolo, S., Belloso, J. Alcuson, Aleynikov, P., Aleynikova, K., Alhashimi, M., Ali, A., Allen, N., Alonso, A., Anda, G., Andreeva, T., Angioni, C., Arkhipov, A., Arnold, A., Asad, W., Ascasibar, E., Aumeunier, M. H., Avramidis, K., Aymerich, E., Baek, S. G., Bähner, J., Baillod, A., Balden, M., Baldzuhn, J., Ballinger, S., Banduch, M., Bannmann, S., Navarro, A. Bañón, Barbui, T., Beidler, C., Belafdil, C., Bencze, A., Benndorf, A., Beurskens, M., Biedermann, C., Biletskyi, O., Blackwell, B., Blatzheim, M., Bluhm, T., Böckenhoff, D., Bongiovi, G., Borchardt, M., Borodin, D., Boscary, J., Bosch, H., Bosmann, T., Böswirth, B., Böttger, L., Bottino, A., Bozhenkov, S., Brakel, R., Brandt, C., Bräuer, T., Braune, H., Brezinsek, S., Brunner, K., Buller, S., Burhenn, R., Bussiahn, R., Buttenschön, B., Buzás, A., Bykov, V., Calvo, I., Mata, K. Camacho, Caminal, I., Cannas, B., Cappa, A., Carls, A., Carovani, F., Carr, M., Carralero, D., Carvalho, B., Casas, J., Castano-Bardawil, D., Castejon, F., Chaudhary, N., Chelis, I., Chomiczewska, A., Coenen, J. W., Cole, M., Cordella, F., Corre, Y., Crombe, K., Cseh, G., Csillag, B., Damm, H., Day, C., de Baar, M., De la Cal, E., Degenkolbe, S., Demby, A., Denk, S., Dhard, C., Di Siena, A., Dinklage, A., Dittmar, T., Dreval, M., Drevlak, M., Drewelow, P., Drews, P., Dunai, D., Edlund, E., Effenberg, F., Ehrke, G., Endler, M., Ennis, D. A., Escoto, F. J., Estrada, T., Fable, E., Fahrenkamp, N., Fanni, A., Faustin, J., Fellinger, J., Feng, Y., Figacz, W., Flom, E., Ford, O., Fornal, T., Frerichs, H., Freundt, S., Fuchert, G., Fukuyama, M., Füllenbach, F., Gantenbein, G., Gao, Y., Garcia, K., Regaña, J. M.García, García-Cortés, I., Gaspar, J., Gates, D. A., Geiger, J., Geiger, B., Giudicotti, L., González, A., Goriaev, A., Gradic, D., Grahl, M., Graves, J. P., Green, J., Grelier, E., Greuner, H., Groß, S., Grote, H., Groth, M., Gruca, M., Grulke, O., Grün, M., Arnaiz, J. Guerrero, Günter, S., Haak, V., Haas, M., Hacker, P., Hakola, A., Hallenbert, A., Hammond, K., Han, X., Hansen, S. K., Harris, J. H., Hartfuß, H., Hartmann, D., Hathiramani, D., Hatzky, R., Hawke, J., Hegedus, S., Hein, B., Heinemann, B., Helander, P., Henneberg, S., Hergenhahn, U., Hidalgo, C., Hindenlang, F., Hirsch, M., Höfel, U., Hollfeld, K. P., Holtz, A., Hopf, D., Höschen, D., Houry, M., Howard, J., Huang, X., Hubeny, M., Hudson, S., Ida, K., Igitkhanov, Y., Igochine, V., Illy, S., Ionita-Schrittwieser, C., Isobe, M., Jabłczynska, M., Jablonski, S., Jagielski, B., Jakubowski, M., van Vuuren, A. Jansen, Jelonnek, J., Jenko, F., Jensen, T., Jenzsch, H., Junghanns, P., Kaczmarczyk, J., Kallmeyer, J., Kamionka, U., Kandler, M., Kasilov, S., Kazakov, Y., Kennedy, D., Kharwandikar, A., Khokhlov, M., Kiefer, C., Killer, C., Kirschner, A., Kleiber, R., Klinger, T., Klose, S., Knauer, J., Knieps, A., Köchl, F., Kocsis, G., Kolesnichenko, Ya I., Könies, A., König, R., Kontula, J., Kornejew, P., Koschinsky, J., Kozulia, M. M., Krämer-Flecken, A., Krampitz, R., Krause, M., Krawczyk, N., Kremeyer, T., Krier, L., Kriete, D. M., Krychowiak, M., Ksiazek, I., Kubkowska, M., Kuczynski, M., Kühner, G., Kumar, A., Kurki-Suonio, T., Kwak, S., Landreman, M., Lang, P. T., Langenberg, A., Laqua, H., Laube, R., Lazerson, S., Lewerentz, M., Li, C., Liang, Y., Linsmeier, Ch, Lion, J., Litnovsky, A., Liu, S., Lobsien, J., Loizu, J., Lore, J., Lorenz, A., Losada, U., Louche, F., Lunsford, R., Lutsenko, V., Machielsen, M., Mackel, F., Maisano-Brown, J., Maj, O., Makowski, D., Manduchi, G., Maragkoudakis, E., Marchuk, O., Marsen, S., Martines, E., Martinez-Fernandez, J., Marushchenko, M., Masuzaki, S., Maurer, D., Mayer, M., McCarthy, K. J., McCormack, O., McNeely, P., Meister, H., Mendelevitch, B., Mendes, S., Merlo, A., Messian, A., Mielczarek, A., Mishchenko, O., Missal, B., Mitteau, R., Moiseenko, V. E., Mollen, A., Moncada, V., Mönnich, T., Morisaki, T., Moseev, D., Motojima, G., Mulas, S., Mulsow, M., Nagel, M., Naujoks, D., Naulin, V., Neelis, T., Neilson, H., Neu, R., Neubauer, O., Neuner, U., Nicolai, D., Nielsen, S. K., Niemann, H., Nishiza, T., Nishizawa, T., Nührenberg, C., Ochoukov, R., Oelmann, J., Offermanns, G., Ogawa, K., Okamura, S., Ölmanns, J., Ongena, J., Oosterbeek, J., Otte, M., Pablant, N., Alvarez, N. Panadero, Pandey, A., Pasch, E., Pavlichenko, R., Pavone, A., Pawelec, E., Pechstein, G., Pelka, G., Perseo, V., Peterson, B., Pilopp, D., Pingel, S., Pisano, F., Plöckl, B., Plunk, G., Pölöskei, P., Pompe, B., Popov, A., Porkolab, M., Proll, J., Pueschel, M. J., Puiatti, M. E., Sitjes, A. Puig, Purps, F., Rahbarnia, K., Rasinski, M., Rasmussen, J., Reiman, A., Reimold, F., Reisner, M., Reiter, D., Richou, M., Riedl, R., Riemann, J., Riße, K., Roberg-Clark, G., Rohde, V., Romazanov, J., Rondeshagen, D., Rong, P., Rudischhauser, L., Rummel, T., Rummel, K., Runov, A., Rust, N., Ryc, L., Salembier, P., Salewski, M., Sanchez, E., Satake, S., Satheeswaran, G., Schacht, J., Scharff, E., Schauer, F., Schilling, J., Schlisio, G., Schmid, K., Schmitt, J., Schmitz, O., Schneider, W., Schneider, M., Schneider, P., Schrittwieser, R., Schröder, T., Schröder, M., Schroeder, R., Schweer, B., Schwörer, D., Scott, E., Shanahan, B., Sias, G., Sichta, P., Singer, M., Sinha, P., Sipliä, S., Slaby, C., Sleczka, M., Smith, H., Smoniewski, J., Sonnendrücker, E., Spolaore, M., Spring, A., Stadler, R., Stanczak, D., Stange, T., Stepanov, I., Stephey, L., Stober, J., Stroth, U., Strumberger, E., Suzuki, C., Suzuki, Y., Svensson, J., Szabolics, T., Szepesi, T., Szücs, M., Tabarés, F. L., Tamura, N., Tancetti, A., Tantos, C., Terry, J., Thienpondt, H., Thomsen, H., Thumm, M., Travere, J. M., Traverso, P., Tretter, J., Trier, E., Mora, H. Trimino, Tsujimura, T., Turkin, Y., Tykhyi, A., Unterberg, B., van Eeten, P., van Milligen, B. Ph, van Schoor, M., Vano, L., Varoutis, S., Vecsei, M., Vela, L., Velasco, J. L., Vervier, M., Vianello, N., Viebke, H., Vilbrandt, R., Vogel, G., Vogt, N., Volkhausen, C., von Stechow, A., Wagner, F., Wang, E., Wang, H., Warmer, F., Wauters, T., Wegener, L., Wegner, T., Weir, G., Wenzel, U., White, A., Wilde, F., Wilms, F., Windisch, T., Winkler, M., Winter, A., Winters, V., Wolf, R., Wright, A. M., Wurden, G. A., Xanthopoulos, P., Xu, S., Yamada, H., Yamaguchi, H., Yokoyama, M., Yoshinuma, M., Yu, Q., Zamanov, M., Zanini, M., Zarnstorff, M., Zhang, D., Zhou, S., Zhu, J., Zhu, C., Zilker, M., Zocco, A., Zohm, H., Zoletnik, S., and Zsuga, L.
Abstract: We present recent highlights from the most recent operation phases of Wendelstein 7-X, the most advanced stellarator in the world. Stable detachment with good particle exhaust, low impurity content, and energy confinement times exceeding 100 ms, have been maintained for tens of seconds. Pellet fueling allows for plasma phases with reduced ion-temperature-gradient turbulence, and during such phases, the overall confinement is so good (energy confinement times often exceeding 200 ms) that the attained density and temperature profiles would not have been possible in less optimized devices, since they would have had neoclassical transport losses exceeding the heating applied in W7-X. This provides proof that the reduction of neoclassical transport through magnetic field optimization is successful. W7-X plasmas generally show good impurity screening and high plasma purity, but there is evidence of longer impurity confinement times during turbulence-suppressed phases.
Published: 2022

49. Hydrogenases in Cyanobacteria

Author: Bothe, H., Boison, G., Schmitz, O., Peschek, Günter A., editor, Löffelhardt, Wolfgang, editor, and Schmetterer, Georg, editor
Published: 1999
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50. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author: Fenstermacher, M. E., primary, Abbate, J., additional, Abe, S., additional, Abrams, T., additional, Adams, M., additional, Adamson, B., additional, Aiba, N., additional, Akiyama, T., additional, Aleynikov, P., additional, Allen, E., additional, Allen, S., additional, Anand, H., additional, Anderson, J., additional, Andrew, Y., additional, Andrews, T., additional, Appelt, D., additional, Arbon, R., additional, Ashikawa, N., additional, Ashourvan, A., additional, Aslin, M., additional, Asnis, Y., additional, Austin, M., additional, Ayala, D., additional, Bak, J., additional, Bandyopadhyay, I., additional, Banerjee, S., additional, Barada, K., additional, Bardoczi, L., additional, Barr, J., additional, Bass, E., additional, Battaglia, D., additional, Battey, A., additional, Baumgartner, W., additional, Baylor, L., additional, Beckers, J., additional, Beidler, M., additional, Belli, E., additional, Berkery, J., additional, Bernard, T., additional, Bertelli, N., additional, Beurskens, M., additional, Bielajew, R., additional, Bilgili, S., additional, Biswas, B., additional, Blondel, S., additional, Boedo, J., additional, Bogatu, I., additional, Boivin, R., additional, Bolzonella, T., additional, Bongard, M., additional, Bonnin, X., additional, Bonoli, P., additional, Bonotto, M., additional, Bortolon, A., additional, Bose, S., additional, Bosviel, N., additional, Bouwmans, S., additional, Boyer, M., additional, Boyes, W., additional, Bradley, L., additional, Brambila, R., additional, Brennan, D., additional, Bringuier, S., additional, Brodsky, L., additional, Brookman, M., additional, Brooks, J., additional, Brower, D., additional, Brown, G., additional, Brown, W., additional, Burke, M., additional, Burrell, K., additional, Butler, K., additional, Buttery, R., additional, Bykov, I., additional, Byrne, P., additional, Cacheris, A., additional, Callahan, K., additional, Callen, J., additional, Campbell, G., additional, Candy, J., additional, Canik, J., additional, Cano-Megias, P., additional, Cao, N., additional, Carayannopoulos, L., additional, Carlstrom, T., additional, Carrig, W., additional, Carter, T., additional, Cary, W., additional, Casali, L., additional, Cengher, M., additional, Cespedes Paz, G., additional, Chaban, R., additional, Chan, V., additional, Chapman, B., additional, Char, I., additional, Chattopadhyay, A., additional, Chen, R., additional, Chen, J., additional, Chen, X., additional, Chen, M., additional, Chen, Z., additional, Choi, M., additional, Choi, W., additional, Choi, G., additional, Chousal, L., additional, Chrobak, C., additional, Chrystal, C., additional, Chung, Y., additional, Churchill, R., additional, Cianciosa, M., additional, Clark, J., additional, Clement, M., additional, Coda, S., additional, Cole, A., additional, Collins, C., additional, Conlin, W., additional, Cooper, A., additional, Cordell, J., additional, Coriton, B., additional, Cote, T., additional, Cothran, J., additional, Creely, A., additional, Crocker, N., additional, Crowe, C., additional, Crowley, B., additional, Crowley, T., additional, Cruz-Zabala, D., additional, Cummings, D., additional, Curie, M., additional, Curreli, D., additional, Dal Molin, A., additional, Dannels, B., additional, Dautt-Silva, A., additional, Davda, K., additional, De Tommasi, G., additional, De Vries, P., additional, Degrandchamp, G., additional, Degrassie, J., additional, Demers, D., additional, Denk, S., additional, Depasquale, S., additional, Deshazer, E., additional, Diallo, A., additional, Diem, S., additional, Dimits, A., additional, Ding, R., additional, Ding, S., additional, Ding, W., additional, Do, T., additional, Doane, J., additional, Dong, G., additional, Donovan, D., additional, Drake, J., additional, Drews, W., additional, Drobny, J., additional, Du, X., additional, Du, H., additional, Duarte, V., additional, Dudt, D., additional, Dunn, C., additional, Duran, J., additional, Dvorak, A., additional, Effenberg, F., additional, Eidietis, N., additional, Elder, D., additional, Eldon, D., additional, Ellis, R., additional, Elwasif, W., additional, Ennis, D., additional, Erickson, K., additional, Ernst, D., additional, Fasciana, M., additional, Fedorov, D., additional, Feibush, E., additional, Ferraro, N., additional, Ferreira, J., additional, Ferron, J., additional, Fimognari, P., additional, Finkenthal, D., additional, Fitzpatrick, R., additional, Fox, P., additional, Fox, W., additional, Frassinetti, L., additional, Frerichs, H., additional, Frye, H., additional, Fu, Y., additional, Gage, K., additional, Galdon Quiroga, J., additional, Gallo, A., additional, Gao, Q., additional, Garcia, A., additional, Garcia Munoz, M., additional, Garnier, D., additional, Garofalo, A., additional, Gattuso, A., additional, Geng, D., additional, Gentle, K., additional, Ghosh, D., additional, Giacomelli, L., additional, Gibson, S., additional, Gilson, E., additional, Giroud, C., additional, Glass, F., additional, Glasser, A., additional, Glibert, D., additional, Gohil, P., additional, Gomez, R., additional, Gomez, S., additional, Gong, X., additional, Gonzales, E., additional, Goodman, A., additional, Gorelov, Y., additional, Graber, V., additional, Granetz, R., additional, Gray, T., additional, Green, D., additional, Greenfield, C., additional, Greenwald, M., additional, Grierson, B., additional, Groebner, R., additional, Grosnickle, W., additional, Groth, M., additional, Grunloh, H., additional, Gu, S., additional, Guo, W., additional, Guo, H., additional, Gupta, P., additional, Guterl, J., additional, Guttenfelder, W., additional, Guzman, T., additional, Haar, S., additional, Hager, R., additional, Hahn, S., additional, Halfmoon, M., additional, Hall, T., additional, Hallatschek, K., additional, Halpern, F., additional, Hammett, G., additional, Han, H., additional, Hansen, E., additional, Hansen, C., additional, Hansink, M., additional, Hanson, J., additional, Hanson, M., additional, Hao, G., additional, Harris, A., additional, Harvey, R., additional, Haskey, S., additional, Hassan, E., additional, Hassanein, A., additional, Hatch, D., additional, Hawryluk, R., additional, Hayashi, W., additional, Heidbrink, W., additional, Herfindal, J., additional, Hicok, J., additional, Hill, D., additional, Hinson, E., additional, Holcomb, C., additional, Holland, L., additional, Holland, C., additional, Hollmann, E., additional, Hollocombe, J., additional, Holm, A., additional, Holmes, I., additional, Holtrop, K., additional, Honda, M., additional, Hong, R., additional, Hood, R., additional, Horton, A., additional, Horvath, L., additional, Hosokawa, M., additional, Houshmandyar, S., additional, Howard, N., additional, Howell, E., additional, Hoyt, D., additional, Hu, W., additional, Hu, Y., additional, Hu, Q., additional, Huang, J., additional, Huang, Y., additional, Hughes, J., additional, Human, T., additional, Humphreys, D., additional, Huynh, P., additional, Hyatt, A., additional, Ibanez, C., additional, Ibarra, L., additional, Icasas, R., additional, Ida, K., additional, Igochine, V., additional, In, Y., additional, Inoue, S., additional, Isayama, A., additional, Izacard, O., additional, Izzo, V., additional, Jackson, A., additional, Jacobsen, G., additional, Jaervinen, A., additional, Jalalvand, A., additional, Janhunen, J., additional, Jardin, S., additional, Jarleblad, H., additional, Jeon, Y., additional, Ji, H., additional, Jian, X., additional, Joffrin, E., additional, Johansen, A., additional, Johnson, C., additional, Johnson, T., additional, Jones, C., additional, Joseph, I., additional, Jubas, D., additional, Junge, B., additional, Kalb, W., additional, Kalling, R., additional, Kamath, C., additional, Kang, J., additional, Kaplan, D., additional, Kaptanoglu, A., additional, Kasdorf, S., additional, Kates-Harbeck, J., additional, Kazantzidis, P., additional, Kellman, A., additional, Kellman, D., additional, Kessel, C., additional, Khumthong, K., additional, Kim, E., additional, Kim, H., additional, Kim, J., additional, Kim, S., additional, Kim, K., additional, Kim, C., additional, Kimura, W., additional, King, M., additional, King, J., additional, Kinsey, J., additional, Kirk, A., additional, Kiyan, B., additional, Kleiner, A., additional, Klevarova, V., additional, Knapp, R., additional, Knolker, M., additional, Ko, W., additional, Kobayashi, T., additional, Koch, E., additional, Kochan, M., additional, Koel, B., additional, Koepke, M., additional, Kohn, A., additional, Kolasinski, R., additional, Kolemen, E., additional, Kostadinova, E., additional, Kostuk, M., additional, Kramer, G., additional, Kriete, D., additional, Kripner, L., additional, Kubota, S., additional, Kulchar, J., additional, Kwon, K., additional, La Haye, R., additional, Laggner, F., additional, Lan, H., additional, Lantsov, R., additional, Lao, L., additional, Lasa Esquisabel, A., additional, Lasnier, C., additional, Lau, C., additional, Leard, B., additional, Lee, J., additional, Lee, R., additional, Lee, M., additional, Lee, Y., additional, Lee, C., additional, Lee, S., additional, Lehnen, M., additional, Leonard, A., additional, Leppink, E., additional, Lesher, M., additional, Lestz, J., additional, Leuer, J., additional, Leuthold, N., additional, Li, X., additional, Li, K., additional, Li, E., additional, Li, G., additional, Li, L., additional, Li, Z., additional, Li, J., additional, Li, Y., additional, Lin, Z., additional, Lin, D., additional, Liu, X., additional, Liu, J., additional, Liu, Y., additional, Liu, T., additional, Liu, C., additional, Liu, Z., additional, Liu, D., additional, Liu, A., additional, Loarte-Prieto, A., additional, Lodestro, L., additional, Logan, N., additional, Lohr, J., additional, Lombardo, B., additional, Lore, J., additional, Luan, Q., additional, Luce, T., additional, Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., additional, Luhmann, N., additional, Lunsford, R., additional, Luo, Z., additional, Lvovskiy, A., additional, Lyons, B., additional, Ma, X., additional, Madruga, M., additional, Madsen, B., additional, Maggi, C., additional, Maheshwari, K., additional, Mail, A., additional, Mailloux, J., additional, Maingi, R., additional, Major, M., additional, Makowski, M., additional, Manchanda, R., additional, Marini, C., additional, Marinoni, A., additional, Maris, A., additional, Markovic, T., additional, Marrelli, L., additional, Martin, E., additional, Mateja, J., additional, Matsunaga, G., additional, Maurizio, R., additional, Mauzey, P., additional, Mauzey, D., additional, Mcardle, G., additional, Mcclenaghan, J., additional, Mccollam, K., additional, Mcdevitt, C., additional, Mckay, K., additional, Mckee, G., additional, Mclean, A., additional, Mehta, V., additional, Meier, E., additional, Menard, J., additional, Meneghini, O., additional, Merlo, G., additional, Messer, S., additional, Meyer, W., additional, Michael, C., additional, Michoski, C., additional, Milne, P., additional, Minet, G., additional, Misleh, A., additional, Mitrishkin, Y., additional, Moeller, C., additional, Montes, K., additional, Morales, M., additional, Mordijck, S., additional, Moreau, D., additional, Morosohk, S., additional, Morris, P., additional, Morton, L., additional, Moser, A., additional, Moyer, R., additional, Moynihan, C., additional, Mrazkova, T., additional, Mueller, D., additional, Munaretto, S., additional, Munoz Burgos, J., additional, Murphy, C., additional, Murphy, K., additional, Muscatello, C., additional, Myers, C., additional, Nagy, A., additional, Nandipati, G., additional, Navarro, M., additional, Nave, F., additional, Navratil, G., additional, Nazikian, R., additional, Neff, A., additional, Neilson, G., additional, Neiser, T., additional, Neiswanger, W., additional, Nelson, D., additional, Nelson, A., additional, Nespoli, F., additional, Nguyen, R., additional, Nguyen, L., additional, Nguyen, X., additional, Nichols, J., additional, Nocente, M., additional, Nogami, S., additional, Noraky, S., additional, Norausky, N., additional, Nornberg, M., additional, Nygren, R., additional, Odstrcil, T., additional, Ogas, D., additional, Ogorman, T., additional, Ohdachi, S., additional, Ohtani, Y., additional, Okabayashi, M., additional, Okamoto, M., additional, Olavson, L., additional, Olofsson, E., additional, Omullane, M., additional, Oneill, R., additional, Orlov, D., additional, Orvis, W., additional, Osborne, T., additional, Pace, D., additional, Paganini Canal, G., additional, Pajares Martinez, A., additional, Palacios, L., additional, Pan, C., additional, Pan, Q., additional, Pandit, R., additional, Pandya, M., additional, Pankin, A., additional, Park, Y., additional, Park, J., additional, Parker, S., additional, Parks, P., additional, Parsons, M., additional, Patel, B., additional, Pawley, C., additional, Paz-Soldan, C., additional, Peebles, W., additional, Pelton, S., additional, Perillo, R., additional, Petty, C., additional, Peysson, Y., additional, Pierce, D., additional, Pigarov, A., additional, Pigatto, L., additional, Piglowski, D., additional, Pinches, S., additional, Pinsker, R., additional, Piovesan, P., additional, Piper, N., additional, Pironti, A., additional, Pitts, R., additional, Pizzo, J., additional, Plank, U., additional, Podesta, M., additional, Poli, E., additional, Poli, F., additional, Ponce, D., additional, Popovic, Z., additional, Porkolab, M., additional, Porter, G., additional, Powers, C., additional, Powers, S., additional, Prater, R., additional, Pratt, Q., additional, Pusztai, I., additional, Qian, J., additional, Qin, X., additional, Ra, O., additional, Rafiq, T., additional, Raines, T., additional, Raman, R., additional, Rauch, J., additional, Raymond, A., additional, Rea, C., additional, Reich, M., additional, Reiman, A., additional, Reinhold, S., additional, Reinke, M., additional, Reksoatmodjo, R., additional, Ren, Q., additional, Ren, Y., additional, Ren, J., additional, Rensink, M., additional, Renteria, J., additional, Rhodes, T., additional, Rice, J., additional, Roberts, R., additional, Robinson, J., additional, Rodriguez Fernandez, P., additional, Rognlien, T., additional, Rosenthal, A., additional, Rosiello, S., additional, Rost, J., additional, Roveto, J., additional, Rowan, W., additional, Rozenblat, R., additional, Ruane, J., additional, Rudakov, D., additional, Ruiz Ruiz, J., additional, Rupani, R., additional, Saarelma, S., additional, Sabbagh, S., additional, Sachdev, J., additional, Saenz, J., additional, Saib, S., additional, Salewski, M., additional, Salmi, A., additional, Sammuli, B., additional, Samuell, C., additional, Sandorfi, A., additional, Sang, C., additional, Sarff, J., additional, Sauter, O., additional, Schaubel, K., additional, Schmitz, L., additional, Schmitz, O., additional, Schneider, J., additional, Schroeder, P., additional, Schultz, K., additional, Schuster, E., additional, Schwartz, J., additional, Sciortino, F., additional, Scotti, F., additional, Scoville, J., additional, Seltzman, A., additional, Seol, S., additional, Sfiligoi, I., additional, Shafer, M., additional, Sharapov, S., additional, Shen, H., additional, Sheng, Z., additional, Shepard, T., additional, Shi, S., additional, Shibata, Y., additional, Shin, G., additional, Shiraki, D., additional, Shousha, R., additional, Si, H., additional, Simmerling, P., additional, Sinclair, G., additional, Sinha, J., additional, Sinha, P., additional, Sips, G., additional, Sizyuk, T., additional, Skinner, C., additional, Sladkomedova, A., additional, Slendebroek, T., additional, Slief, J., additional, Smirnov, R., additional, Smith, J., additional, Smith, S., additional, Smith, D., additional, Snipes, J., additional, Snoep, G., additional, Snyder, A., additional, Snyder, P., additional, Solano, E., additional, Solomon, W., additional, Song, J., additional, Sontag, A., additional, Soukhanovskii, V., additional, Spendlove, J., additional, Spong, D., additional, Squire, J., additional, Srinivasan, C., additional, Stacey, W., additional, Staebler, G., additional, Stagner, L., additional, Stange, T., additional, Stangeby, P., additional, Stefan, R., additional, Stemprok, R., additional, Stephan, D., additional, Stillerman, J., additional, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., additional, Stonecipher, W., additional, Storment, S., additional, Strait, E., additional, Su, D., additional, Sugiyama, L., additional, Sun, Y., additional, Sun, P., additional, Sun, Z., additional, Sun, A., additional, Sundstrom, D., additional, Sung, C., additional, Sungcoco, J., additional, Suttrop, W., additional, Suzuki, Y., additional, Suzuki, T., additional, Svyatkovskiy, A., additional, Swee, C., additional, Sweeney, R., additional, Sweetnam, C., additional, Szepesi, G., additional, Takechi, M., additional, Tala, T., additional, Tanaka, K., additional, Tang, X., additional, Tang, S., additional, Tao, Y., additional, Tao, R., additional, Taussig, D., additional, Taylor, T., additional, Teixeira, K., additional, Teo, K., additional, Theodorsen, A., additional, Thomas, D., additional, Thome, K., additional, Thorman, A., additional, Thornton, A., additional, Ti, A., additional, Tillack, M., additional, Timchenko, N., additional, Tinguely, R., additional, Tompkins, R., additional, Tooker, J., additional, Torrezan De Sousa, A., additional, Trevisan, G., additional, Tripathi, S., additional, Trujillo Ochoa, A., additional, Truong, D., additional, Tsui, C., additional, Turco, F., additional, Turnbull, A., additional, Umansky, M., additional, Unterberg, E., additional, Vaezi, P., additional, Vail, P., additional, Valdez, J., additional, Valkis, W., additional, Van Compernolle, B., additional, Van Galen, J., additional, Van Kampen, R., additional, Van Zeeland, M., additional, Verdoolaege, G., additional, Vianello, N., additional, Victor, B., additional, Viezzer, E., additional, Vincena, S., additional, Wade, M., additional, Waelbroeck, F., additional, Wai, J., additional, Wakatsuki, T., additional, Walker, M., additional, Wallace, G., additional, Waltz, R., additional, Wampler, W., additional, Wang, L., additional, Wang, H., additional, Wang, Y., additional, Wang, Z., additional, Wang, G., additional, Ward, S., additional, Watkins, M., additional, Watkins, J., additional, Wehner, W., additional, Wei, Y., additional, Weiland, M., additional, Weisberg, D., additional, Welander, A., additional, White, A., additional, White, R., additional, Wiesen, S., additional, Wilcox, R., additional, Wilks, T., additional, Willensdorfer, M., additional, Wilson, H., additional, Wingen, A., additional, Wolde, M., additional, Wolff, M., additional, Woller, K., additional, Wolz, A., additional, Wong, H., additional, Woodruff, S., additional, Wu, M., additional, Wu, Y., additional, Wukitch, S., additional, Wurden, G., additional, Xiao, W., additional, Xie, R., additional, Xing, Z., additional, Xu, X., additional, Xu, C., additional, Xu, G., additional, Yan, Z., additional, Yang, X., additional, Yang, S., additional, Yokoyama, T., additional, Yoneda, R., additional, Yoshida, M., additional, You, K., additional, Younkin, T., additional, Yu, J., additional, Yu, M., additional, Yu, G., additional, Yuan, Q., additional, Zaidenberg, L., additional, Zakharov, L., additional, Zamengo, A., additional, Zamperini, S., additional, Zarnstorff, M., additional, Zeger, E., additional, Zeller, K., additional, Zeng, L., additional, Zerbini, M., additional, Zhang, L., additional, Zhang, X., additional, Zhang, R., additional, Zhang, B., additional, Zhang, J., additional, Zhao, L., additional, Zhao, B., additional, Zheng, Y., additional, Zheng, L., additional, Zhu, B., additional, Zhu, J., additional, Zhu, Y., additional, Zsutty, M., additional, and Zuin, M., additional
Published: 2022
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