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1. Characterization of the ELM-free Negative Triangularity Edge on DIII-D

Author

Nelson, A. O., Schmitz, L., Cote, T., Parisi, J. F., Stewart, S., Paz-Soldan, C., Thome, K. E., Austin, M. E., Scotti, F., Barr, J. L., Hyatt, A., Leuthold, N., Marinoni, A., Neiser, T., Osborne, T., Richner, N., Welander, A. S., Wehner, W. P., Wilcox, R., Wilks, T. M., and Yang, J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Tokamak plasmas with strong negative triangularity (NT) shaping typically exhibit fundamentally different edge behavior than conventional L-mode or H-mode plasmas. Over the entire DIII-D database, plasmas with sufficiently negative triangularity are found to be inherently free of edge localized modes (ELMs), even at injected powers well above the predicted L-H power threshold. A critical triangularly ($\delta_\mathrm{crit}\simeq-0.15$), consistent with inherently ELM-free operation is identified, beyond which access to the second stability region for infinite-$n$ ballooning modes closes on DIII-D. It is also possible to close access to this region, and thereby prevent an H-mode transition, at weaker average triangularities ($\delta\lesssim\delta_\mathrm{crit}$) provided that at least one of the two x-points is still sufficiently negative. Enhanced low field side magnetic fluctuations during ELM-free operation are consistent with additional turbulence limiting the NT edge gradient. Despite the reduced upper limit on the pressure gradient imposed by ballooning stability, NT plasmas are able to support small pedestals and are typically characterized by an enhancement of edge pressure gradients beyond those found in traditional L-mode plasmas. Further, the pressure gradient inside of this small pedestal is unusually steep, allowing access to high core performance that is competitive with other ELM-free regimes previously achieved on DIII-D. Since ELM-free operation in NT is linked directly to the magnetic geometry, NT fusion pilot plants are predicted to maintain advantageous edge conditions even in burning plasma regimes, potentially eliminating reactor core-integration issues caused by ELMs.

Published
2024

2. Recent advances in clinical application of optical coherence tomography of human skin

Author

Gambichler T, Pljakic A, and Schmitz L

Subjects
Dermatology, RL1-803
Abstract

Thilo Gambichler, Azem Pljakic, Lutz SchmitzDepartment of Dermatology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, GermanyAbstract: Optical coherence tomography (OCT) is an emerging noninvasive imaging method that uses infrared light and interferometric techniques. The method has become increasingly popular in skin research as well as daily dermatology practice. In the present brief review, we focused on recent (2009–2014) OCT studies on the human skin, which included a reasonable sample size and statistics. Twenty-five papers were selected and briefly described OCT of epidermal thickness, skin appendages, wound healing, extracellular matrix and skin fibrosis, vascular malformations, and skin tumors such as basal cell carcinoma, actinic keratoses, and malignant melanoma.Keywords: optical coherence tomography, dermatology, skin imaging, interferometry, histology

Published
2015

3. Robust avoidance of edge-localized modes alongside gradient formation in the negative triangularity tokamak edge

Author

Nelson, A. O., Schmitz, L., Paz-Soldan, C., Thome, K. E., Cote, T. B., Leuthold, N., Scotti, F., Austin, M. E., Hyatt, A., and Osborne, T.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

In a series of high performance diverted discharges on DIII-D, we demonstrate that strong negative triangularity (NT) shaping robustly suppresses all edge-localized mode (ELM) activity over a wide range of plasma conditions: $\langle n\rangle=0.1-1.5\times10^{20}$m$^{-3}$, $P_\mathrm{aux}=0-15$MW and $|B_\mathrm{t}|=1-2.2$T, corresponding to $P_\mathrm{loss}/P_\mathrm{LH08}\sim8$. The full dataset is consistent with the theoretical prediction that magnetic shear in the NT edge inhibits access to ELMing H-mode regimes; all experimental pressure profiles are found to be at or below the infinite-$n$ ballooning stability limit. Importantly, we also report enhanced edge pressure gradients at strong NT that are significantly steeper than in traditional ELM-free L-mode plasmas and provide significant promise for NT reactor integration., Comment: 5 pages, 5 figures

Published
2023
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4. Application of ECH to the Study of Transport in ITER Baseline Scenario-like Discharges in DIII-D

Author

Pinsker R.I., Austin M.E., Ernst D.R., Garofalo A.M., Grierson B.A., Hosea J.C., Luce T.C., Marinoni A., McKee G.R., Perkins R.J., Petty C.C., Porkolab M., Rost J.C., Schmitz L., Solomon W.M., Taylor G., and Turco F.

Subjects
Physics, QC1-999
Abstract

Recent DIII-D experiments in the ITER Baseline Scenario (IBS) have shown strong increases in fluctuations and correlated reduction of confinement associated with entering the electron-heating-dominated regime with strong electron cyclotron heating (ECH). The addition of 3.2 MW of 110 GHz EC power deposited at ρ∼0.42 to IBS discharges with ∼3 MW of neutral beam injection causes large increases in low-k and medium-k turbulent density fluctuations observed with Doppler backscatter (DBS), beam emission spectroscopy (BES) and phase-contrast imaging (PCI) diagnostics, correlated with decreases in the energy, particle, and momentum confinement times. Power balance calculations show the electron heat diffusivity χe increases significantly in the mid-radius region 0.4

Published
2015
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5. Effect of magnetic perturbations on turbulence-flow dynamics at the L-H transition on DIII-D

Author

Kriete, D. M., McKee, G. R., Schmitz, L., Smith, D. R., Yan, Z., Morton, L. A., and Fonck, R. J.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

Detailed 2D turbulence measurements from the DIII-D tokamak provide an explanation for how resonant magnetic perturbations (RMPs) raise the L-H power threshold $P_\textrm{LH}$ [P. Gohil et al., Nucl. Fusion 51, 103020 (2011)] in ITER-relevant, low rotation, ITER-similar-shape plasmas with favorable ion $\nabla B$ direction. RMPs simultaneously raise the turbulence decorrelation rate $\Delta \omega_D$ and reduce the flow shear rate $\omega_\textrm{shear}$ in the stationary L-mode state preceding the L-H transition, thereby disrupting the turbulence shear suppression mechanism. RMPs also reduce the Reynolds stress drive for poloidal flow, contributing to the reduction of $\omega_\textrm{shear}$ On the ~100 {\mu}s timescale of the L-H transition, RMPs reduce Reynolds-stress-driven energy transfer from turbulence to flows by an order of magnitude, challenging the energy depletion theory for the L-H trigger mechanism. In contrast, non-resonant magnetic perturbations, which do not significantly affect $P_\textrm{LH}$, do not affect $\Delta \omega_D$ and only slightly reduce $\omega_\textrm{shear}$ and Reynolds-stress-driven energy transfer., Comment: The following article has been submitted to Physics of Plasmas

Published
2020
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6. Gyrokinetic GENE simulations of DIII-D near-edge L-mode plasmas

Author

Neiser, T. F., Jenko, F., Carter, T. A., Schmitz, L., Told, D., Merlo, G., Navarro, A. Bañón, Crandall, P. C., McKee, G. R., and Yan, Z.

Subjects
Physics - Plasma Physics
Abstract

We present gyrokinetic simulations with the GENE code addressing the near-edge region of an L-mode plasma in the DIII-D tokamak. At radial position $\rho=0.80$, simulations with the ion temperature gradient increased by $40\%$ above the nominal value give electron and ion heat fluxes that are in simultaneous agreement with the experiment. This gradient increase is consistent with the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty $\sigma$ of the Charge Exchange Recombination Spectroscopy (CER) measurements at the $1.6 \sigma$ level. Multi-scale simulations are carried out with realistic mass ratio and geometry for the first time in the near-edge. These multi-scale simulations suggest that the highly unstable ion temperature gradient (ITG) modes of the flux-matched ion-scale simulations suppress electron-scale transport, such that ion-scale simulations are sufficient at this location. At radial position $\rho=0.90$, nonlinear simulations show a hybrid state of ITG and trapped electron modes~(TEMs), which was not expected from linear simulations. The nonlinear simulations reproduce the total experimental heat flux with the inclusion of $\mathbf{E} \times \mathbf{B}$ shear effects and an increase in the electron temperature gradient by $\sim 23\%$. This gradient increase is compatible with the combined statistical and systematic uncertainty of the Thomson scattering data at the $1.3 \sigma$ level. These results are consistent with previous findings that gyrokinetic simulations are able to reproduce the experimental heat fluxes by varying input parameters close to their experimental uncertainties, pushing the validation frontier closer to the edge region., Comment: 14 pages, 17 figures, published in Physics of Plasmas

Published
2018
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9. Evaluation of a microscale quantitative suspension test to determine the bactericidal and yeasticidal activity of glutaral - one step to improve sustainability in disinfectant testing

Author

Gebel, J, Rausch, M, Bienentreu, K, Droop, F, Eggers, M, Gebel, L, Gemein, S, Hornei, B, Ilschner, C, Jacobshagen, A, Kampf, G, Papan, C, Roesch, K, Schmitz, L, Suchomel, M, Vossebein, L, Mutters, NT, Exner, M, Gebel, J, Rausch, M, Bienentreu, K, Droop, F, Eggers, M, Gebel, L, Gemein, S, Hornei, B, Ilschner, C, Jacobshagen, A, Kampf, G, Papan, C, Roesch, K, Schmitz, L, Suchomel, M, Vossebein, L, Mutters, NT, and Exner, M

Abstract

Aims: To evaluate a newly developed microscale quantitative suspension test compared to the existing standard suspension test using determination of the bactericidal and yeasticidal activity of glutaral as one step to improve the sustainability of disinfectant testing.Methods: The testing principles of the quantitative suspension test according to VAH method 9 (comparable to EN 13727) was used as a standard suspension test using 8.0 mL product test solution, 1.0 mL organic load and 1.0 mL test suspension. In addition, a micro-scale suspension test was performed in 96-well plates with 160 µL product test solution, 20 µL organic load and 20 µL test suspension. S. aureus ATCC 6538, P. aeruginosa ATCC 15442 and C. albicans ATCC 10231 were test organisms. Glutaral was tested at concentrations of 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.2% and 0.3% with exposure times of 1, 5 and 15 min. Polysorbate 80 (30 g/L), lecithin (9 g/L), L-histidine (1 g/L) and glycine (10 g/L) were used as validated neutralizers. After serial dilution of the disinfectant-neutralizer-mixture, plates were incubated for 48 h at 36°C (bacteria) or 72 hours at 30°C (C. albicans ) and colony forming units (cfu) counted. The lg reduction was calculated as the difference between the results of the water control and the disinfectant at the end of the exposure time. All experiments were done in triplicate under clean conditions. Means of lg reduction were compared with the unpaired t-test, p<0.05 was considered to be significant.Results: Sufficient bactericidal activity according the VAH test requirements of at least 5 lg was found with both methods in 16 data sets of 24 data sets in total, and insufficient bactericidal activity of less than 5 lg was found with both methods in 7 data sets. In one data set, the mean lg reduction was above 5 lg with the microscale method and <5 lg with the VAH method, with no significant difference between the data sets (p=0.3096; 0.2% glutaral, 1 min, P. aeruginosa ). A sufficient yeasticidal activ, Zielsetzung: Evaluierung eines neu entwickelten Mikro-Suspensionstests im Vergleich zur bisherigen Standardmethode am Beispiel der Bestimmung der bakteriziden und levuroziden Wirkung von Glutaral als ein Schritt auf dem Weg zu mehr Nachhaltigkeit in der Desinfektionsmittel-Testung.Methode: Die VAH-Methode 9 wurde als Standard-Suspensionstest mit 8,0 mL Produkttestlösung, 1,0 mL organischer Belastung und 1,0 mL Testsuspension verwendet. Darüber hinaus wurde ein Mikroskala-Suspensionstest (Mikromethode) in 96-Well-Platten mit 160 µL Produkttestlösung, 20 µL organischer Belastung und 20 µL Testsuspension durchgeführt. Als Testorganismen dienten S. aureus ATCC 6538, P . ae ruginosa ATCC 15442 und C. albicans ATCC 10231. Glutaral wurde in Konzentrationen von 0,05%, 0,1%, 0,2% und 0,3% mit Expositionszeiten von 1, 5 und 15 min getestet. Polysorbat 80 (30 g/L), Lecithin (9 g/L), L-Histidin (1 g/L) und Glycin (10 g/L) wurden als validierte Neutralisationssubstanzen verwendet. Nach serieller Verdünnung des Desinfektionsmittel-Neutralisator-Gemischs wurden die Platten 48 h bei 36°C (Bakterien) bzw. 72 h bei 30°C (C. albicans ) bebrütet und die Kolonie bildenden Einheiten (KbE) gezählt. Die lg-Reduktion wurde als Differenz zwischen den Ergebnissen der Wasserkontrolle und des Desinfektionsmittels am Ende der Expositionszeit berechnet. Alle Experimente wurden in dreifacher Ausführung bei geringer Belastung durchgeführt. Die Mittelwerte der lg-Reduktion wurden mit dem ungepaarten t-Test verglichen, wobei ein p-Wert <0,05 als signifikant angesehen wurde.Ergebnisse: Eine ausreichende bakterizide Wirkung von mindestens 5 lg wurde mit beiden Methoden in 16 Datensätzen von insgesamt 24 Datensätzen (je als Mittelwert der Dreifachbestimmung) gefunden, eine unzureichende bakterizide Wirkung von <5 lg wurde mit beiden Methoden in 7 Datensätzen gefunden. In einem Datensatz lag die mittlere lg-Reduktion mit der Mikromethode über 5 lg und mit der VAH-Methode unter 5 lg, wobei kein signifikan

Published
2024

10. Suppressed ion-scale turbulence in a hot high-β plasma

Author

Schmitz, L, Fulton, DP, Ruskov, E, Lau, C, Deng, BH, Tajima, T, Binderbauer, MW, Holod, I, Lin, Z, Gota, H, Tuszewski, M, Dettrick, SA, and Steinhauer, LC

Subjects
Nuclear and Plasma Physics, Physical Sciences
Abstract

An economic magnetic fusion reactor favours a high ratio of plasma kinetic pressure to magnetic pressure in a well-confined, hot plasma with low thermal losses across the confining magnetic field. Field-reversed configuration (FRC) plasmas are potentially attractive as a reactor concept, achieving high plasma pressure in a simple axisymmetric geometry. Here, we show that FRC plasmas have unique, beneficial microstability properties that differ from typical regimes in toroidal confinement devices. Ion-scale fluctuations are found to be absent or strongly suppressed in the plasma core, mainly due to the large FRC ion orbits, resulting in near-classical thermal ion confinement. In the surrounding boundary layer plasma, ion- and electron-scale turbulence is observed once a critical pressure gradient is exceeded. The critical gradient increases in the presence of sheared plasma flow induced via electrostatic biasing, opening the prospect of active boundary and transport control in view of reactor requirements.

Published
2016

11. Particle transport in low-collisionality H-mode plasmas on DIII-D

Author

Mordijck, S, Wang, X, Doyle, EJ, Rhodes, TL, Schmitz, L, Zeng, L, Staebler, GM, Petty, CC, Groebner, RJ, Ko, WH, Grierson, BA, Solomon, WM, Tala, T, Salmi, A, Chrystal, C, Diamond, PH, and McKee, GR

Subjects
transport properties, particle flux, Tokamaks, Fluids & Plasmas, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Abstract

In this paper we show that changing from an ion temperature gradient (ITG) to a trapped electron mode (TEM) dominant turbulence regime (based on linear gyrokinetic simulations) results experimentally in a strong density pump-out (defined as a reduction in line-averaged density) in low collisionality, low power H-mode plasmas. We vary the turbulence drive by changing the heating from predominantly ion heated using neutral beam injection to electron heated using electron cyclotron heating, which changes the ratio and the temperature gradients. Perturbed gas puff experiments show an increase in transport outside , through a strong increase in the perturbed diffusion coefficient and a decrease in the inward pinch. Linear gyrokinetic simulations with TGLF show an increase in the particle flux outside the mid-radius. In conjunction an increase in intermediate-scale length density fluctuations is observed, which indicates an increase in turbulence intensity at typical TEM wavelengths. However, although the experimental changes in particle transport agree with a change from ITG to TEM turbulence regimes, we do not observe a reduction in the core rotation at mid-radius, nor a rotation reversal.

Published
2015

13. The role of zonal flows and predator–prey oscillations in triggering the formation of edge and core transport barriers

Author

Schmitz, L, Zeng, L, Rhodes, TL, Hillesheim, JC, Peebles, WA, Groebner, RJ, Burrell, KH, McKee, GR, Yan, Z, Tynan, GR, Diamond, PH, Boedo, JA, Doyle, EJ, Grierson, BA, Chrystal, C, Austin, ME, Solomon, WM, and Wang, G

Subjects
tokamak, DIII-D, L-H transition, zonal flows, internal transport barriers, predator-prey oscillations, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

We present direct evidence of low frequency, radially sheared, turbulence-driven flows (zonal flows (ZFs)) triggering edge transport barrier formation preceding the L- to H-mode transition via periodic turbulence suppression in limit-cycle oscillations (LCOs), consistent with predator-prey dynamics. The final transition to edge-localized mode-free H-mode occurs after the equilibrium E × B flow shear increases due to ion pressure profile evolution. ZFs are also observed to initiate formation of an electron internal transport barrier (ITB) at the q = 2 rational surface via local suppression of electron-scale turbulence. Multi-channel Doppler backscattering (DBS) has revealed the radial structure of the ZF-induced shear layer and the E × B shearing rate, ωE × B, in both barrier types. During edge barrier formation, the shearing rate lags the turbulence envelope during the LCO by 90°, transitioning to anti-correlation (180°) when the equilibrium shear dominates the turbulence-driven flow shear due to the increasing edge pressure gradient. The time-dependent flow shear and the turbulence envelope are anti-correlated (180° out of phase) in the electron ITB. LCOs with time-reversed evolution dynamics (transitioning from an equilibrium-flow dominated to a ZF-dominated state) have also been observed during the H-L back-transition and are potentially of interest for controlled ramp-down of the plasma stored energy and pressure (normalized to the poloidal magnetic field) in ITER. © 2014 IAEA, Vienna.

Published
2014

14. Two waves of colonization straddling the K–Pg boundary formed the modern reef fish fauna

Author

Price, SA, Schmitz, L, Oufiero, CE, Eytan, RI, Dornburg, A, Smith, WL, Friedman, M, Near, TJ, and Wainwright, PC

Subjects
Life on Land, Animals, Biodiversity, Biological Evolution, Coral Reefs, Extinction, Biological, Fishes, Phylogeny, macroevolution, reef fishes, Cretaceous-Palaeogene mass extinction, niche-filling models, Cretaceous–Palaeogene mass extinction, Biological Sciences, Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Medical and Health Sciences
Abstract

Living reef fishes are one of the most diverse vertebrate assemblages on Earth. Despite its prominence and ecological importance, the origins and assembly of the reef fish fauna is poorly described. A patchy fossil record suggests that the major colonization of reef habitats must have occurred in the Late Cretaceous and early Palaeogene, with the earliest known modern fossil coral reef fish assemblage dated to 50 Ma. Using a phylogenetic approach, we analysed the early evolutionary dynamics of modern reef fishes. We find that reef lineages successively colonized reef habitats throughout the Late Cretaceous and early Palaeogene. Two waves of invasion were accompanied by increasing morphological convergence: one in the Late Cretaceous from 90 to 72 Ma and the other immediately following the end-Cretaceous mass extinction. The surge in reef invasions after the Cretaceous-Palaeogene boundary continued for 10 Myr, after which the pace of transitions to reef habitats slowed. Combined, these patterns match a classic niche-filling scenario: early transitions to reefs were made rapidly by morphologically distinct lineages and were followed by a decrease in the rate of invasions and eventual saturation of morphospace. Major alterations in reef composition, distribution and abundance, along with shifts in climate and oceanic currents, occurred during the Late Cretaceous and early Palaeogene interval. A causal mechanism between these changes and concurrent episodes of reef invasion remains obscure, but what is clear is that the broad framework of the modern reef fish fauna was in place within 10 Myr of the end-Cretaceous extinction.

Published
2014

17. On the origin of the DIII-D L-H power threshold isotope effect

Author

Callahan, K.J., primary, Schmitz, L., additional, Carter, T.A., additional, Belli, E.A., additional, Chrystal, C., additional, Haskey, S.R., additional, Grierson, B.A., additional, Thome, K.E., additional, Smith, S.P., additional, McKee, G.R., additional, Staebler, G.M., additional, Holland, C., additional, Ashourvan, A., additional, and Yan, Z., additional

Published
2023
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18. Relating the L–H power threshold scaling to edge turbulence dynamics

Author

Yan, Z, McKee, GR, Boedo, JA, Rudakov, DL, Schmitz, L, Diamond, PH, Tynan, G, Fonck, RJ, Groebner, RJ, Osborne, TH, and Gohil, P

Subjects
Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Understanding the physics of the L-H transition power threshold scaling dependencies on toroidal field and density is critical to operating and optimizing the performance of ITER. Measurements of long-wavelength (k ρI < 1) turbulent eddy dynamics, characteristics, flows, and flow shear in the near edge region of DIIID plasmas have been obtained during an ion gyroradius scan (varying toroidal field and current) and density scan in a favourable geometry (ion ∇B drifts towards the X-point), in order to determine the underlying mechanisms that influence the macroscopic L-H power threshold scaling relations. It is found that the normalized integrated long wavelength density fluctuation amplitudes (ñ/n) in the pedestal increases with ρ* approaching the L-H transition. The turbulence poloidal flow spectrum evolves from geodesic acoustic mode dominant at lower power to low-frequency zonal flow (LFZF) dominant near the L-H transition, and the effective shearing rate correspondingly increases. An inferred Reynolds stress, , from BES velocimetry (inferring velocity field from imaging) measurements is found to significantly increase near the L-H transition. At lower electron density, a clear increase of the LFZF is observed prior to the L-H transition, which is not evident at higher density. Taken together, these results are qualitatively consistent with the electron density and toroidal field scaling of the L-H transition power threshold. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.

Published
2013

19. Improved understanding of physics processes in pedestal structure, leading to improved predictive capability for ITER

Author

Groebner, RJ, Chang, CS, Hughes, JW, Maingi, R, Snyder, PB, Xu, XQ, Boedo, JA, Boyle, DP, Callen, JD, Canik, JM, Cziegler, I, Davis, EM, Diallo, A, Diamond, PH, Elder, JD, Eldon, DP, Ernst, DR, Fulton, DP, Landreman, M, Leonard, AW, Lore, JD, Osborne, TH, Pankin, AY, Parker, SE, Rhodes, TL, Smith, SP, Sontag, AC, Stacey, WM, Walk, J, Wan, W, Wang, EH-J, Watkins, JG, White, AE, Whyte, DG, Yan, Z, Belli, EA, Bray, BD, Candy, J, Churchill, RM, Deterly, TM, Doyle, EJ, Fenstermacher, ME, Ferraro, NM, Hubbard, AE, Joseph, I, Kinsey, JE, LaBombard, B, Lasnier, CJ, Lin, Z, Lipschultz, BL, Liu, C, Ma, Y, McKee, GR, Ponce, DM, Rost, JC, Schmitz, L, Staebler, GM, Sugiyama, LE, Terry, JL, Umansky, MV, Waltz, RE, Wolfe, SM, Zeng, L, and Zweben, SJ

Subjects
Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Joint experiment/theory/modelling research has led to increased confidence in predictions of the pedestal height in ITER. This work was performed as part of a US Department of Energy Joint Research Target in FY11 to identify physics processes that control the H-mode pedestal structure. The study included experiments on C-Mod, DIII-D and NSTX as well as interpretation of experimental data with theory-based modelling codes. This work provides increased confidence in the ability of models for peeling-ballooning stability, bootstrap current, pedestal width and pedestal height scaling to make correct predictions, with some areas needing further work also being identified. A model for pedestal pressure height has made good predictions in existing machines for a range in pressure of a factor of 20. This provides a solid basis for predicting the maximum pedestal pressure height in ITER, which is found to be an extrapolation of a factor of 3 beyond the existing data set. Models were studied for a number of processes that are proposed to play a role in the pedestal ne and Te profiles. These processes include neoclassical transport, paleoclassical transport, electron temperature gradient turbulence and neutral fuelling. All of these processes may be important, with the importance being dependent on the plasma regime. Studies with several electromagnetic gyrokinetic codes show that the gradients in and on top of the pedestal can drive a number of instabilities. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.

Published
2013

20. Spatio-temporal evolution of the L → H and H → L transitions

Author

Miki, K, Diamond, PH, Fedorczak, N, Gürcan, ÖD, Malkov, M, Lee, C, Kosuga, Y, Tynan, G, Xu, GS, Estrada, T, McDonald, D, Schmitz, L, and Zhao, KJ

Subjects
Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Understanding the L → H and H → L transitions is crucial to successful ITER operation. In this paper we present novel theoretical and modelling study results on the spatio-temporal dynamics of the transition. We place a special emphasis on the role of zonal flows and the micro → macro connection between dynamics and the power threshold (PT) dependences. The model studied evolves five coupled fields in time and one space dimension, in simplified geometry. The content of this paper is (a) the model fundamentals and the space-time evolution during the L → I → H transition, (b) the physics origin of the well-known ∇B-drift asymmetry in PT, (c) the role of heat avalanches in the intrinsic variability of the L → H transition, (d) the dynamics of the H → L back transition and the physics of hysteresis, (e) conclusion and discussion, with a special emphasis on the implications of transition dynamics for the L → H power threshold scalings. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.

Published
2013

21. Turbulent-driven low-frequency sheared E × B flows as the trigger for the H-mode transition

Author

Tynan, GR, Xu, M, Diamond, PH, Boedo, JA, Cziegler, I, Fedorczak, N, Manz, P, Miki, K, Thakur, S, Schmitz, L, Zeng, L, Doyle, EJ, McKee, GM, Yan, Z, Xu, GS, Wan, BN, Wang, HQ, Guo, HY, Dong, J, Zhao, K, Cheng, J, Hong, WY, and Yan, LW

Subjects
Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Experiments on HL-2A, DIII-D and EAST show that turbulence just inside the last closed flux surface acts to reinforce existing sheared E × B flows in this region. This flow drive gets stronger as heating power is increased in L-mode, and leads to the development of a strong oscillating shear flow which can transition into the H-mode regime when the rate of energy transfer from the turbulence to the shear flow exceeds a threshold. These effects become compressed in time during an L-H transition, but the key role of turbulent flow drive during the transition is still observed. The results compare favourably with a reduced predator-prey type model. © 2013 IAEA, Vienna.

Published
2013

22. Turbulent-driven low-frequency sheared E x B flows as the trigger for the H-mode transition

Author

Tynan, GR, Xu, M, Diamond, PH, Boedo, JA, Cziegler, I, Fedorczak, N, Manz, P, Miki, K, Thakur, S, Schmitz, L, Zeng, L, Doyle, EJ, McKee, GM, Yan, Z, Xu, GS, Wan, BN, Wang, HQ, Guo, HY, Dong, J, Zhao, K, Cheng, J, Hong, WY, and Yan, LW

Subjects
Fluids & Plasmas, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics
Published
2013

23. Spatio-temporal evolution of the H → L back transition

Author

Miki, K, Diamond, PH, Schmitz, L, McDonald, DC, Estrada, T, Gürcan, ÖD, and Tynan, GR

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Classical Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

Since ITER will operate close to threshold and with limited control, the H → L back transition is a topic important for machine operations as well as physics. Using a reduced mesoscale model [Miki, Phys. Plasmas 19, 092306 (2012)], we investigate ELM-free H → L back transition dynamics in order to isolate transport physics effects. Model studies indicate that turbulence spreading is the key process which triggers the back transition. The transition involves a feedback loop linking turbulence and profiles. The I-phase appears during the back transition following a slow power ramp down, while fast ramp-downs reveal a single burst of zonal flow during the back transition. The I-phase nucleates at the pedestal shoulder, as this is the site of the residual turbulence in H-mode. Hysteresis in the profile gradient scale length is characterized by the Nusselt number, where Nu = χi, turb/χi, neo. Relative hysteresis of temperature gradient vs density gradient is sensitive to the pedestal Prandtl number, where Pr ped = D ped/χ i, neo. We expect the H-mode to be somewhat more resilient in density than in temperature. © 2013 AIP Publishing LLC.

Published
2013

25. Spatio-temporal evolution of the L → I → H transition

Author

Miki, K, Diamond, PH, Gürcan, ÖD, Tynan, GR, Estrada, T, Schmitz, L, and Xu, GS

Subjects
Affordable and Clean Energy, Astronomical and Space Sciences, Atomic, Molecular, Nuclear, Particle and Plasma Physics, Classical Physics, Fluids & Plasmas
Abstract

We investigate the dynamics of the low(L) → high(H) transition using a time-dependent, one dimensional (in radius) model which self-consistently describes the time evolution of zonal flows (ZFs), mean flows (MFs), poloidal spin-up, and density and pressure profiles. The model represents the physics of ZF and MF competition, turbulence suppression via E × B shearing, and poloidal flows driven by turbulence. Numerical solutions of this model show that the L → H transition can occur via an intermediate phase (I-phase) which involves oscillations of profiles due to ZF and MF competition. The I-phase appears as a nonlinear transition wave originating at the edge boundary and propagates inward. Locally, I-phase exhibits the characteristics of a limit-cycle oscillation. All these observations are consistent with recent experimental results. We examine the trigger of the L → H transition, by defining a ratio of the rate of energy transfer from the turbulence to the zonal flow to the rate of energy input into the turbulence. When the ratio exceeds order unity, ZF shear gains energy, and a net decay of the turbulence is possible, thus triggering the L → H transition. Numerical calculations indicate that the L → H transition is triggered by this peak of the normalized ZF shearing. Zonal flows act as reservoir, in which to store increasing fluctuation energy without increasing transport, thus allowing the mean flow shear to increase and lock in the transition. A counterpart of the L → I → H transition, i.e., an L → H transition without I-phase, is obtained in a fast power ramp, for which I-phase is compressed into a single burst of ZF, which triggers the transition. Effects of neutral charge exchange on the L → H transition are studied by varying ZF damping and neoclassical viscosity. Results show that the predicted L → H transition power increases when either ZF damping or viscosity increase, suggesting a link between recycling, ZF damping, and the L → H threshold. Studies of fueling effects on the transition and pedestal structure with an emphasis on the particle pinch are reported. © 2012 American Institute of Physics.

Published
2012

26. Dynamic Formation of a Hot Field Reversed Configuration with Improved Confinement by Supersonic Merging of Two Colliding High-β Compact Toroids

Author

Binderbauer, M. W, Guo, H. Y, Tuszewski, M., Putvinski, S., Sevier, L., Barnes, D., Rostoker, N., Anderson, M. G, Andow, R., Bonelli, L., Brandi, F., Brown, R., Bui, D. Q, Bystritskii, V., Ceccherini, F., Clary, R., Cheung, A. H, Conroy, K. D, Deng, B. H, Dettrick, S. A, Douglass, J. D, Feng, P., Galeotti, L., Garate, E., Giammanco, F., Glass, F. J, Gornostaeva, O., Gota, H., Gupta, D., Gupta, S., Kinley, J. S, Knapp, K., Korepanov, S., Hollins, M., Isakov, I., Jose, V. A, Li, X. L, Luo, Y., Marsili, P., Mendoza, R., Meekins, M., Mok, Y., Necas, A., Paganini, E., Pegoraro, F., Pousa-Hijos, R., Primavera, S., Ruskov, E., Qerushi, A., Schmitz, L., Schroeder, J. H, Sibley, A., Smirnov, A., Song, Y., Sun, X., Thompson, M. C, Van Drie, A. D, Walters, J. K, and Wyman, M. D

Subjects
MAGNETIC RECONNECTION, PLASMA, TRANSLATION, RELAXATION, FRC
Abstract

A hot stable field-reversed configuration (FRC) has been produced in the C-2 experiment by colliding and merging two high-beta plasmoids preformed by the dynamic version of field-reversed theta-pinch technology. The merging process exhibits the highest poloidal flux amplification obtained in a magnetic confinement system (over tenfold increase). Most of the kinetic energy is converted into thermal energy with total temperature (T(i) + T(e)) exceeding 0.5 keV. The final FRC state exhibits a record FRC lifetime with flux confinement approaching classical values. These findings should have significant implications for fusion research and the physics of magnetic reconnection.

Published
2010

27. ANALYSIS OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE AND CLIMATE.

Author

ZICHIL, B., MOAȘA, H., and SCHMITZ, L. MESEȘAN

Subjects
ORGANIZATIONAL change, FAMILY-owned business enterprises, ORGANIZATIONAL research, PILOT projects, CLIMATE change, CORPORATE culture
Abstract

Integrating culture and climate in analyzing organizational profiles has become a major area of research in organizational studies. Building on this discussion, this pilot study aims to combine two instruments of cultural and climate assessment (OCAI and OCQ) to identify how a less typical family business needs to change to ensure its success. This article concludes by examining the implications of combining the two instruments, as well as by offering insights into possible future changes that managers can implement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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30. Un cow-boy est passé par là

Author

Engel, H., primary, Cudia, A., additional, Rimachi, R., additional, Schmitz, L., additional, Gerain, J., additional, De Backer, D., additional, Cogan, E., additional, and David, C., additional

Published
2023
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31. Herausforderungen und Chancen bei der Beratung und Behandlung mehrsprachiger Familien mit CI-versorgten Kindern

Author

Schmitz, L, Schäfer, K, Thyson, S, Werminghaus, M, Streicher, B, Jung, L, Pützer, E, Schmitz, L, Schäfer, K, Thyson, S, Werminghaus, M, Streicher, B, Jung, L, and Pützer, E

Abstract

Hintergrund: Die Themen Migration und Behinderung erhalten in Politik und Gesellschaft immer mehr Aufmerksamkeit - u. a. ausgelöst durch die erste Flüchtlingswelle im Jahr 2015. Jedoch geht aus dem 11. Integrationsbericht der Beauftragten der Bundesregierung für Migration, Flüchtlinge und Integration 2016 hervor, dass weiterhin ein großer Forschungs- und Handlungsbedarf bezogen auf Menschen mit Migrationshintergrund und Behinderung besteht. Kulturelle Unterschiede, sprachliche Barrieren und ein eher geringes Inanspruchnahmeverhalten von Gesundheitsleistungen sind dabei wichtige zu untersuchende Faktoren. Dies gilt auch für Kinder aus mehrsprachigen Familien, die mit einem Cochlea-Implantat (CI) versorgt werden.Viele Studien, die sich dem Thema Mehrsprachigkeit bei CI-versorgten Kindern widmen, adressieren die Sprach- und Kommunikationsentwicklung der Kinder. Zunehmend wird auch die Sicht der Fachleute auf den Umgang mit sprachlichen und kulturellen Unterschieden in der Förderung und Bildung von Kindern mit Hörstörungen untersucht. Bisher gibt es jedoch keine Studien, die sich im speziellen mit den Behandlungs- und Beratungssettings in der Folgetherapie bei mehrsprachigen Familien mit CI-versorgten Kindern befassen. Es lässt sich annehmen, dass aufgrund von Sprachbarrieren und kultureller Identität Herausforderungen entstehen und es deshalb kreativer und flexibler Lösungsansätze bedarf.Ziel der Studie ist, Herausforderungen und Chancen in Beratungs- und Behandlungssettings aufzuzeigen, die sich in CI-Zentren, z. B. aufgrund von möglichen Kommunikations- und Sprachbarrieren sowie kulturellen Einflüssen zwischen Eltern und beratender/behandelnder Person, ergeben. Im Fokus stehen der Umgang mit den Herausforderungen und mögliche Handlungsbedarfe, wie beispielsweise der Umgang mit Verständigungsproblemen oder die Anpassung standardisierter Testverfahren.Material und Methoden: In diesem Forschungsprojekt werden leitfadengestützte problemzentrierte Interviews durchgeführt.

Published
2023

32. Digital single-operator pancreatoscopy for the treatment of symptomatic pancreatic duct stones: a prospective multicenter cohort trial.

Author

Gerges, C., Albers, D., Schmitz, L., Goni, E., Cappello, A., Schirra, J., Casper, M., Dormann, A.J., Hartmann, D., Hollenbach, M., Schneider, M., Denzer, U.W., Dechene, A., Dollhopf, M., Mayerle, J., Schumacher, B., Geenen, E.J.M. van, Neuhaus, H., Siersema, P.D., Ellrichmann, M., Beyna, T., Gerges, C., Albers, D., Schmitz, L., Goni, E., Cappello, A., Schirra, J., Casper, M., Dormann, A.J., Hartmann, D., Hollenbach, M., Schneider, M., Denzer, U.W., Dechene, A., Dollhopf, M., Mayerle, J., Schumacher, B., Geenen, E.J.M. van, Neuhaus, H., Siersema, P.D., Ellrichmann, M., and Beyna, T.

Abstract

01 februari 2023, Item does not contain fulltext, BACKGROUND: Digital single-operator pancreatoscopy (DSOP)-guided lithotripsy is a novel treatment modality for pancreatic endotherapy, with demonstrated technical success in retrospective series of between 88 % and 100 %. The aim of this prospective multicenter trial was to systematically evaluate DSOP in patients with chronic pancreatitis and symptomatic pancreatic duct stones. METHODS: Patients with symptomatic chronic pancreatitis and three or fewer stones ≥ 5mm in the main pancreatic duct (MPD) of the pancreatic head or body were included. The primary end point was complete stone clearance (CSC) in three or fewer treatment sessions with DSOP. Current guidelines recommend extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL) for MPD stones > 5 mm. A performance goal was developed to show that the CSC rate of MPD stones using DSOP was above what has been previously reported for ESWL. Secondary end points were pain relief measured with the Izbicki pain score (IPS), number of interventions, and serious adverse events (SAEs). RESULTS: 40 chronic pancreatitis patients were included. CSC was achieved in 90 % of patients (36/40) on intention-to-treat analysis, after a mean (SD) of 1.36 (0.64) interventions (53 procedures in total). The mean (SD) baseline IPS decreased from 55.3 (46.2) to 10.9 (18.3). Overall pain relief was achieved in 82.4 % (28/34) after 6 months of follow-up, with complete pain relief in 61.8 % (21/34) and partial pain relief in 20.6 % (7/34). SAEs occurred in 12.5 % of patients (5/40), with all treated conservatively. CONCLUSION: DSOP-guided endotherapy is effective and safe for the treatment of symptomatic MPD stones in highly selected patients with chronic pancreatitis. It significantly reduces pain and could be considered as an alternative to standard ERCP techniques for MPD stone treatment in these patients.

Published
2023

35. Towards a Digital Sleep Diary Standard

Author

Schmitz, L., primary, Sveinbjarnarson, B.F., additional, Gunnarsson, G.N., additional, Davíðsson, Ó.A., additional, Davíðsson, þ.B., additional, Arnardottir, E.S., additional, Óskarsdóttir, M., additional, and Islind, A.S., additional

Published
2022
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37. Heterogeneous effects of individual high-fat diet compositions on phenotype, metabolic outcome, and hepatic proteome signature in BL/6 male mice

Author

Janoschek, R., Handwerk, M., Hucklenbruch-Rother, E., Schmitz, L., Bae-Gartz, I., Kasper, P., Lackmann, J., Kretschmer, T., Vohlen, C., Mesaros, A., Purrio, M., Quaas, A., Dötsch, J., and Appel, S.

Subjects
Nutrition and Dietetics, Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Medicine (miscellaneous)
Abstract

The multitude of obesogenic diets used in rodent studies can hardly be overviewed. Since standardization is missing and assuming that individual compositions provoke individual effects, the choice of quality, quantity and combination of diet ingredients seems to be crucial for the outcome and interpretation of obesity studies. Therefore, the present study was conducted to compare the individual effects of three commonly used obesogenic diets, mainly differing in sugar and fat content. Besides basic phenotypic and metabolic characterization, one main aspect was a comparative liver proteome analysis. As expected, the obtained results picture differentiated consequences mainly depending on fat source and/or fat- and sugar quantity. By confirming the general presumption that the choice of nutritional composition is a pivotal factor, the present findings demonstrate that a conscious selection is indispensable for obtaining reliable and sound results in obesity research. In conclusion, we strongly recommend a careful selection of the appropriate diet in advance of a new experiment, taking into account the specific research question.

Published
2023

38. Comparative effectiveness and safety of non-vitamin K antagonists for atrial fibrillation in clinical practice:: GLORIA-AF Registry

Author

Lip G. Y. H., Kotalczyk A., Teutsch C., Diener H. -C., Dubner S. J., Halperin J. L., Ma C. -S., Rothman K. J., Marler S., Gurusamy V. K., Huisman M. V., Abban D. W., Aziz E., Kalan M. B., Abdul N., Backes L. M., Bradman D., Abud A. M., Badings E., Brautigam D., Adams F., Bagni E., Breton N., Addala S., Baker S. H., Brouwers P. J. A. M., Adragao P., Bala R., Browne K., Ageno W., Baldi A., Cortada J. B., Aggarwal R., Bando S., Bruni A., Agosti S., Banerjee S., Brunschwig C., Agostoni P., Bank A., Buathier H., Aguilar F., Esquivias G. B., Buhl A., Linares J. A., Barr C., Bullinga J., Aguinaga L., Bartlett M., Cabrera J. W., Ahmed J., Basic Kes V., Caccavo A., Aiello A., Baula G., Cai S., Ainsworth P., Behrens S., Caine S., Aiub J. R., Bell A., Calo L., Al-Dallow R., Benedetti R., Calvi V., Alderson L., Mazuecos J. B., Sanchez M. C., Velasco J. A. A., Benhalima B., Candeias R., Alexopoulos D., Bergler-Klein J., Capuano V., Manterola F. A., Berneau J. -B., Capucci A., Aliyar P., Bernstein R. A., Caputo R., Alonso D., Berrospi P., Rizo T. C., da Costa F. A. A., Berti S., Cardona F., Amado J., Berz A., da Costa Darrieux F. C., Amara W., Best E., Vera Y. C. D., Amelot M., Bettencourt P., Carolei A., Amjadi N., Betzu R., Carreno S., Ammirati F., Bhagwat R., Carvalho P., Andrade M., Bhatta L., Cary S., Andrawis N., Biscione F., Casu G., Annoni G., Bisignani G., Cavallini C., Ansalone G., Black T., Cayla G., Ariani M. K., Bloch M. J., Celentano A., Arias J. C., Bloom S., Cha T. -J., Armero S., Blumberg E., Cha K. S., Arora C., Bo M., Chae J. K., Aslam M. S., Bohmer E., Chalamidas K., Asselman M., Bollmann A., Challappa K., Audouin P., Bongiorni M. G., Chand S. P., Augenbraun C., Boriani G., Chandrashekar H., Aydin S., Boswijk D. J., Chartier L., Bott J., Chatterjee K., Ayryanova I., Bottacchi E., Ayala C. A. C., Cheema A., Davis G., Evonich R., Davy J. -M., Evseeva O., Chen L., Dayer M., Ezhov A., Chen S. -A., De Biasio M., Fahmy R., Chen J. H., De Bonis S., Fang Q., Chiang F. -T., De Caterina R., Farsad R., Chiarella F., De Franceschi T., Fauchier L., Chih-Chan L., de Groot J. R., Favale S., Cho Y. K., De Horta J., Fayard M., Choi J. -I., De La Briolle A., Fedele J. L., Choi D. J., de la Pena Topete G., Fedele F., Chouinard G., de Paola A. A. V., Fedorishina O., Chow D. H. -F., de Souza W., Fera S. R., Chrysos D., de Veer A., Ferreira L. G. G., Chumakova G., De Wolf L., Ferreira J., Valenzuela E. J. J. R. C., Decoulx E., Ferri C., Nica N. C., Deepak S., Ferrier A., Cislowski D. J., Defaye P., Ferro H., Clay A., Munoz F. D. -C., Finsen A., Clifford P., Brkljacic D. D., First B., Cohen A., Deumite N. J., Fischer S., Cohen M., Di Legge S., Fonseca C., Cohen S., Diemberger I., Almeida L. F., Colivicchi F., Dietz D., Forman S., Collins R., Dionisio P., Frandsen B., Colonna P., Dong Q., French W., Compton S., dos Santos F. R., Friedman K., Connolly D., Dotcheva E., Friese A., Conti A., Doukky R., Fruntelata A. G., Buenostro G. C., D'Souza A., Fujii S., Coodley G., Dubrey S., Fumagalli S., Cooper M., Ducrocq X., Fundamenski M., Coronel J., Dupljakov D., Furukawa Y., Corso G., Duque M., Gabelmann M., Sales J. C., Dutta D., Gabra N., Cottin Y., Duvilla N., Gadsboll N., Covalesky J., Duygun A., Galinier M., Cracan A., Dziewas R., Gammelgaard A., Crea F., Eaton C. B., Ganeshkumar P., Crean P., Eaves W., Gans C., Crenshaw J., Ebels-Tuinbeek L. A., Quintana A. G., Cullen T., Ehrlich C., Gartenlaub O., Darius H., Eichinger-Hasenauer S., Gaspardone A., Dary P., Eisenberg S. J., Genz C., Dascotte O., Jabali A. E., Georger F., Dauber I., Shahawy M. E., Georges J. -L., Davalos V., Hernandes M. E., Georgeson S., Davies R., Izal A. E., Giedrimas E., Gierba M., Haruna T., Jarmukli N., Ortega I. G., Hayek E., Jeanfreau R. J., Gillespie E., Healey J., Jenkins R. D., Giniger A., Hearne S., Sanchez C. J., Giudici M. C., Heffernan M., Jimenez J., Gkotsis A., Heggelund G., Jobe R., Glotzer T. V., Heijmeriks J. A., Joen-Jakobsen T., Gmehling J., Hemels M., Jones N., Gniot J., Hendriks I., Jorge J. C. M., Goethals P., Henein S., Jouve B., Goldbarg S., Her S. -H., Jung B. C., Goldberg R., Hermany P., Jung K. T., Goldmann B., Del Rio J. E. H., Jung W., Golitsyn S., Higashino Y., Kachkovskiy M., Gomez S., Hill M., Kafkala K., Mesa J. G., Hisadome T., Kalinina L., Gonzalez V. B., Hishida E., Kallmunzer B., Hermosillo J. A. G., Hoffer E., Kamali F., Lopez V. M. G., Hoghton M., Kamo T., Gorka H., Hong K., Kampus P., Gornick C., Hong S., Kashou H., Gorog D., Horbach S., Kastrup A., Gottipaty V., Horiuchi M., Katsivas A., Goube P., Hou Y., Kaufman E., Goudevenos I., Hsing J., Kawai K., Graham B., Huang C. -H., Kawajiri K., Greer G. S., Huckins D., Kazmierski J. F., Gremmler U., Hughes K., Keeling P., Grena P. G., Huizinga A., Saraiva J. F. K., Grond M., Hulsman E. L., Ketova G., Gronda E., Hung K. -C., Khaira A. S., Gronefeld G., Hwang G. -S., Khripun A., Gu X., Ikpoh M., Kim D. -I., Torres I. G. T., Imberti D., Kim Y. H., Guardigli G., Ince H., Kim N. H., Guevara C., Indolfi C., Kim D. K., Guignier A., Inoue S., Kim J. S., Gulizia M., Irles D., Gumbley M., Iseki H., Kim K. S., Gunther A., Israel C. N., Kim J., Ha A., Iteld B., Kinova E., Hahalis G., Iyer V., Klein A., Hakas J., Jackson-Voyzey E., Kmetzo J. J., Hall C., Jaffrani N., Kneller G. L., Han B., Jager F., Knezevic A., Han S., James M., Koh S. M. A., Hargrove J., Jang S. -W., Koide S., Hargroves D., Jaramillo N., Kollias A., Kooistra J. A., Li W., McClure J., Koons J., Li X., McCormack T., Koschutnik M., Lichy C., McGarity W., Kostis W. J., Lieber I., McIntyre H., Kovacic D., Rodriguez R. H. L., McLaurin B., Kowalczyk J., Lin H., Alvaro F., Palomino M., Koziolova N., Melandri F., Kraft P., Liu F., Meno H., Kragten J. A., Liu H., Menzies D., Krantz M., Esperon G. L., Mercader M., Krause L., Navarro N. L., Meyer C., Krenning B. J., Lo E., Meyer B. J., Krikke F., Lokshyn S., Miarka J., Kromhout Z., Lopez A., Mibach F., Krysiak W., Lopez-Sendon J. L., Michalski D., Kumar P., Filho A. M. L., Michel P., Kumler T., Lorraine R. S., Chreih R. M., Kuniss M., Luengas C. A., Luengas A., Mikdadi G., Kuo J. -Y., Luke R., Mikus M., Kuppers A., Luo M., Milicic D., Kurrelmeyer K., Lupovitch S., Militaru C., Kwak C. H., Lyrer P., Minaie S., Laboulle B., Ma C., Minescu B., Labovitz A., Ma G., Mintale I., Ter Lai W., Madariaga I., Mirault T., Lam A., Maeno K., Mirro M. J., Lam Y. Y., Magnin D., Mistry D., Lanas Zanetti F., Maid G., Miu N. V., Landau C., Mainigi S. K., Miyamoto N., Landini G., Makaritsis K., Moccetti T., Lanna Figueiredo E., Malhotra R., Mohammed A., Larsen T., Manning R., Nor A. M., Lavandier K., Manolis A., Mollerus M., LeBlanc J., Hurtado H. A. M., Molon G., Lee M. H., Mantas I., Mondillo S., Lee C. -H., Jattin F. M., Moniz P., Lehman J., Maqueda V., Mont L., Leitao A., Marchionni N., Montagud V., Lellouche N., Ortuno F. M., Montana O., Lelonek M., Santana A. M., Monti C., Lenarczyk R., Martinez J., Moretti L., Lenderink T., Maskova P., Mori K., Gonzalez S. L., Hernandez N. M., Moriarty A., Leong-Sit P., Matsuda K., Morka J., Leschke M., Maurer T., Moschini L., Ley N., Mauro C., Moschos N., Li Z., May E., Mugge A., Mayer N., Mulhearn T. J., Muresan C., Jose E. P., Precoma D. B., Muriago M., Padilla F. G. P., Prelle A., Musial W., Rios V. P., Prodafikas J., Musser C. W., Pajes G., Protasov K., Musumeci F., Pandey A. S., Pye M., Nageh T., Paparella G., Qiu Z., Nakagawa H., Paris F., Quedillac J. -M., Nakamura Y., Park H. W., Raev D., Nakayama T., Park J. S., Grado C. A. R., Nam G. -B., Parthenakis F., Rahimi S., Nanna M., Passamonti E., Raisaro A., Natarajan I., Patel R. J., Rama B., Nayak H. M., Patel J., Ramos R., Naydenov S., Patel M., Ranieri M., Nazlic J., Patrick J., Raposo N., Nechita A. C., Jimenez R. P., Rashba E., Nechvatal L., Paz A., Rauch-Kroehnert U., Negron S. A., Pengo V., Reddy R., Neiman J., Pentz W., Renda G., Neuenschwander F. C., Perez B., Reza S., Neves D., Rios A. M. P., Ria L., Neykova A., Perez-Cabezas A., Richter D., Miguel R. N., Perlman R., Rickli H., Nijmeh G., Persic V., Rieker W., Nizov A., Perticone F., Vera T. R., Campos R. N., Peters T. K., Ritt L. E., Nossan J., Petkar S., Roberts D., Novikova T., Pezo L. F., Briones I. R., Nowalany-Kozielska E., Pflucke C., Escudero A. E. R., Nsah E., Pham D. N., Pascual C. R., Fragoso J. C. N., Phillips R. T., Roman M., Nurgalieva S., Phlaum S., Romeo F., Nuyens D., Pieters D., Ronner E., Nyvad O., Pineau J., Roux J. -F., de Los Rios Ibarra M. O., Pinter A., Rozkova N., O'Donnell P., Pinto F., Rubacek M., O'Donnell M., Pisters R., Rubalcava F., Oh S., Pivac N., Russo A. M., Oh Y. S., Pocanic D., Rutgers M. P., Oh D., Podoleanu C., Rybak K., O'Hara G., Politano A., Said S., Oikonomou K., Poljakovic Z., Sakamoto T., Olivares C., Pollock S., Salacata A., Oliver R., Garcea J. P., Salem A., Ruiz R. O., Poppert H., Bodes R. S., Olympios C., Porcu M., Saltzman M. A., Omaszuk-Kazberuk A., Reino A. P., Salvioni A., Asensi J. O., Prasad N., Vallejo G. S., Fernandez M. S., Sokal A., Tu T. M., Saporito W. F., Yan Y. S. O., Tuininga Y., Sarikonda K., Sotolongo R., Turakhia M., Sasaoka T., de Souza O. F., Turk S., Sati H., Sparby J. A., Turner W., Savelieva I., Spinar J., Tveit A., Scala P. -J., Sprigings D., Tytus R., Schellinger P., Spyropoulos A. C., Valadao C., Scherr C., Stakos D., van Bergen P. F. M. M., Schmitz L., Steinwender C., van de Borne P., Schmitz K. -H., Stergiou G., van den Berg B. J., Schmitz B., Stiell I., van der Zwaan C., Schnabel T., Stoddard M., Van Eck M., Schnupp S., Stoikov A., Vanacker P., Schoeniger P., Streb W., Vasilev D., Schon N., Styliadis I., Vasilikos V., Schwimmbeck P., Su G., Vasilyev M., Seamark C., Su X., Veerareddy S., Searles G., Sudnik W., Mino M. V., Seidl K. -H., Sukles K., Venkataraman A., Seidman B., Sun X., Verdecchia P., Sek J., Swart H., Versaci F., Sekaran L., Szavits-Nossan J., Vester E. G., Serrati C., Taggeselle J., Vial H., Shah N., Takagi Y., Victory J., Shah V., Takhar A. P. S., Villamil A., Shah A., Tamm A., Vincent M., Shah S., Tanaka K., Vlastaris A., Sharma V. K., Tanawuttiwat T., Dahl J., Shaw L., Tang S., Vora K., Sheikh K. H., Tang A., Vranian R. 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L., Zizzo S., Xu Y., Zhang H., Zong W., Xu X., Zhang D., Zukerman L. 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Zhang D., Zukerman L.S., Yamanoue H., Zhang X., and Yamashita T.

Subjects
Apixaban, Atrial fibrillation, Dabigatran, Non-vitamin K antagonists, Rivaroxaban, Pyridones, Medizin, Myocardial Infarction, Administration, Oral, Anticoagulants, Hemorrhage, General Medicine, Non-vitamin K antagonist, Stroke, Clinical Trials, Phase III as Topic, Humans, Prospective Studies, Registries, Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine
Abstract

Background and purpose Prospectively collected data comparing the safety and effectiveness of individual non-vitamin K antagonists (NOACs) are lacking. Our objective was to directly compare the effectiveness and safety of NOACs in patients with newly diagnosed atrial fibrillation (AF). Methods In GLORIA-AF, a large, prospective, global registry program, consecutive patients with newly diagnosed AF were followed for 3 years. The comparative analyses for (1) dabigatran vs rivaroxaban or apixaban and (2) rivaroxaban vs apixaban were performed on propensity score (PS)-matched patient sets. Proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) for outcomes of interest. Results The GLORIA-AF Phase III registry enrolled 21,300 patients between January 2014 and December 2016. Of these, 3839 were prescribed dabigatran, 4015 rivaroxaban and 4505 apixaban, with median ages of 71.0, 71.0, and 73.0 years, respectively. In the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) for dabigatran vs rivaroxaban were, for stroke: 1.27 (0.79–2.03), major bleeding 0.59 (0.40–0.88), myocardial infarction 0.68 (0.40–1.16), and all-cause death 0.86 (0.67–1.10). For the comparison of dabigatran vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 1.16 (0.76–1.78), myocardial infarction 0.84 (0.48–1.46), major bleeding 0.98 (0.63–1.52) and all-cause death 1.01 (0.79–1.29). For the comparison of rivaroxaban vs apixaban, in the PS-matched set, the adjusted HRs were, for stroke 0.78 (0.52–1.19), myocardial infarction 0.96 (0.63–1.45), major bleeding 1.54 (1.14–2.08), and all-cause death 0.97 (0.80–1.19). Conclusions Patients treated with dabigatran had a 41% lower risk of major bleeding compared with rivaroxaban, but similar risks of stroke, MI, and death. Relative to apixaban, patients treated with dabigatran had similar risks of stroke, major bleeding, MI, and death. Rivaroxaban relative to apixaban had increased risk for major bleeding, but similar risks for stroke, MI, and death. Registration URL: https://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifiers: NCT01468701, NCT01671007. Date of registration: September 2013. Graphical abstract

Published
2022

39. Reducing the L-H transition power threshold in ITER-similar-shape DIII-D hydrogen plasmas

Author

Schmitz, L., primary, Wilcox, R.S., additional, Shiraki, D., additional, Rhodes, T.L., additional, Yan, Z., additional, McKee, G.R., additional, Callahan, K.J., additional, Chrystal, C., additional, Haskey, S.R., additional, Liu, Y.Q., additional, Laggner, F., additional, Zeng, L., additional, Osborne, T.H., additional, Grierson, B.A., additional, Paz-Soldan, C., additional, Leuthold, N., additional, Lyons, B.C., additional, Gohil, P., additional, and Petty, C.C., additional

Published
2022
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44. An unusually simple HP1 gene set in Hymenopteran insects

Author

Fang, C., Schmitz, L., and Ferree, P.M.

Subjects
Hymenoptera -- Genetic aspects, Genetic research, Epigenetic inheritance -- Research, Transcription factors -- Properties, Evolutionary genetics -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Abstract: The heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) gene family includes a set of paralogs in higher eukaryotes that serve fundamental roles in heterochromatin structure and maintenance, and other chromatin-related functions. At [...]

Published
2015
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45. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author

Fenstermacher, M.E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., 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Abstract

DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limit

Published
2022

46. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author

Fenstermacher, M, Abbate, J, Abe, S, Abrams, T, Adams, M, Adamson, B, Aiba, N, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anand, H, Anderson, J, Andrew, Y, Andrews, T, Appelt, D, Arbon, R, Ashikawa, N, Ashourvan, A, Aslin, M, Asnis, Y, Austin, M, Ayala, D, Bak, J, Bandyopadhyay, I, Banerjee, S, Barada, K, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Battey, A, Baumgartner, W, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Beidler, M, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bernard, T, Bertelli, N, Beurskens, M, Bielajew, R, Bilgili, S, Biswas, B, Blondel, S, Boedo, J, Bogatu, I, Boivin, R, Bolzonella, T, Bongard, M, Bonnin, X, Bonoli, P, Bonotto, M, Bortolon, A, Bose, S, Bosviel, N, Bouwmans, S, Boyer, M, Boyes, W, Bradley, L, Brambila, R, Brennan, D, Bringuier, S, Brodsky, L, Brookman, M, Brooks, J, Brower, D, Brown, G, Brown, W, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butler, K, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Byrne, P, Cacheris, A, Callahan, K, Callen, J, Campbell, G, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cano-Megias, P, Cao, N, Carayannopoulos, L, Carlstrom, T, Carrig, W, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Paz, G, Chaban, R, Chan, V, Chapman, B, Char, I, Chattopadhyay, A, Chen, R, Chen, J, Chen, X, Chen, M, Chen, Z, Choi, M, Choi, W, Choi, G, Chousal, L, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Chung, Y, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clark, J, Clement, M, Coda, S, Cole, A, Collins, C, Conlin, W, Cooper, A, Cordell, J, Coriton, B, Cote, T, Cothran, J, Creely, A, Crocker, N, Crowe, C, Crowley, B, Crowley, T, Cruz-Zabala, D, Cummings, D, Curie, M, Curreli, D, Dal Molin, A, Dannels, B, Dautt-Silva, A, Davda, K, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Degrandchamp, G, Degrassie, J, Demers, D, Denk, S, Depasquale, S, Deshazer, E, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Dimits, A, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Do, T, Doane, J, Dong, G, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Drews, W, Drobny, J, Du, X, Du, H, Duarte, V, Dudt, D, Dunn, C, Duran, J, Dvorak, A, Effenberg, F, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Ellis, R, Elwasif, W, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Fasciana, M, Fedorov, D, Feibush, E, Ferraro, N, Ferreira, J, Ferron, J, Fimognari, P, Finkenthal, D, Fitzpatrick, R, Fox, P, Fox, W, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Frye, H, Fu, Y, Gage, K, Quiroga, J, Gallo, A, Gao, Q, Garcia, A, Munoz, M, Garnier, D, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Geng, D, Gentle, K, Ghosh, D, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, S, Gilson, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Glasser, A, Glibert, D, Gohil, P, Gomez, R, Gomez, S, Gong, X, Gonzales, E, Goodman, A, Gorelov, Y, Graber, V, Granetz, R, Gray, T, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Greenwald, M, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Gu, S, Guo, W, Guo, H, Gupta, P, Guterl, J, Guttenfelder, W, Guzman, T, Haar, S, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halfmoon, M, Hall, T, Hallatschek, K, Halpern, F, Hammett, G, Han, H, Hansen, E, Hansen, C, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Hanson, M, Hao, G, Harris, A, Harvey, R, Haskey, S, Hassan, E, Hassanein, A, Hatch, D, Hawryluk, R, Hayashi, W, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hicok, J, Hill, D, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, L, Holland, C, Hollmann, E, Hollocombe, J, Holm, A, Holmes, I, Holtrop, K, Honda, M, Hong, R, Hood, R, Horton, A, Horvath, L, Hosokawa, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, N, Howell, E, Hoyt, D, Hu, W, Hu, Y, Hu, Q, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, J, Human, T, Humphreys, D, Huynh, P, Hyatt, A, Ibanez, C, Ibarra, L, Icasas, R, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Izacard, O, Izzo, V, Jackson, A, Jacobsen, G, Jaervinen, A, Jalalvand, A, Janhunen, J, Jardin, S, Jarleblad, H, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Joffrin, E, Johansen, A, Johnson, C, Johnson, T, Jones, C, Joseph, I, Jubas, D, Junge, B, Kalb, W, Kalling, R, Kamath, C, Kang, J, Kaplan, D, Kaptanoglu, A, Kasdorf, S, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kazantzidis, P, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, E, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, S, Kim, K, Kim, C, Kimura, W, King, M, King, J, Kinsey, J, Kirk, A, Kiyan, B, Kleiner, A, Klevarova, V, Knapp, R, Knolker, M, Ko, W, Kobayashi, T, Koch, E, Kochan, M, Koel, B, Koepke, M, Kohn, A, Kolasinski, R, Kolemen, E, Kostadinova, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kriete, D, Kripner, L, Kubota, S, Kulchar, J, Kwon, K, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Esquisabel, A, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Leard, B, Lee, J, Lee, R, Lee, M, Lee, Y, Lee, C, Lee, S, Lehnen, M, Leonard, A, Leppink, E, Lesher, M, Lestz, J, Leuer, J, Leuthold, N, Li, X, Li, K, Li, E, Li, G, Li, L, Li, Z, Li, J, Li, Y, Lin, Z, Lin, D, Liu, X, Liu, J, Liu, Y, Liu, T, Liu, C, Liu, Z, Liu, D, Liu, A, Loarte-Prieto, A, Lodestro, L, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lombardo, B, Lore, J, Luan, Q, Luce, T, Di Cortemiglia, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, Z, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Madruga, M, Madsen, B, Maggi, C, Maheshwari, K, Mail, A, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Major, M, Makowski, M, Manchanda, R, Marini, C, Marinoni, A, Maris, A, Markovic, T, Marrelli, L, Martin, E, Mateja, J, Matsunaga, G, Maurizio, R, Mauzey, P, Mauzey, D, Mcardle, G, Mcclenaghan, J, Mccollam, K, Mcdevitt, C, Mckay, K, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mehta, V, Meier, E, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Messer, S, Meyer, W, Michael, C, Michoski, C, Milne, P, Minet, G, Misleh, A, Mitrishkin, Y, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moreau, D, Morosohk, S, Morris, P, Morton, L, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Moynihan, C, Mrazkova, T, Mueller, D, Munaretto, S, Burgos, J, Murphy, C, Murphy, K, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Nandipati, G, Navarro, M, Nave, F, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neilson, G, Neiser, T, Neiswanger, W, Nelson, D, Nelson, A, Nespoli, F, Nguyen, R, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, X, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nogami, S, Noraky, S, Norausky, N, Nornberg, M, Nygren, R, Odstrcil, T, Ogas, D, Ogorman, T, Ohdachi, S, Ohtani, Y, Okabayashi, M, Okamoto, M, Olavson, L, Olofsson, E, Omullane, M, Oneill, R, Orlov, D, Orvis, W, Osborne, T, Pace, D, Canal, G, Martinez, A, Palacios, L, Pan, C, Pan, Q, Pandit, R, Pandya, M, Pankin, A, Park, Y, Park, J, Parker, S, Parks, P, Parsons, M, Patel, B, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Pelton, S, Perillo, R, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pierce, D, Pigarov, A, Pigatto, L, Piglowski, D, Pinches, S, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Plank, U, Podesta, M, Poli, E, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Popovic, Z, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Powers, C, Powers, S, Prater, R, Pratt, Q, Pusztai, I, Qian, J, Qin, X, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raines, T, Raman, R, Rauch, J, Raymond, A, Rea, C, Reich, M, Reiman, A, Reinhold, S, Reinke, M, Reksoatmodjo, R, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Ren, J, Rensink, M, Renteria, J, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Roberts, R, Robinson, J, Fernandez, P, Rognlien, T, Rosenthal, A, Rosiello, S, Rost, J, Roveto, J, Rowan, W, Rozenblat, R, Ruane, J, Rudakov, D, Ruiz, J, Rupani, R, Saarelma, S, Sabbagh, S, Sachdev, J, Saenz, J, Saib, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sarff, J, Sauter, O, Schaubel, K, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schneider, J, Schroeder, P, Schultz, K, Schuster, E, Schwartz, J, Sciortino, F, Scotti, F, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Seol, S, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Sharapov, S, Shen, H, Sheng, Z, Shepard, T, Shi, S, Shibata, Y, Shin, G, Shiraki, D, Shousha, R, Si, H, Simmerling, P, Sinclair, G, Sinha, J, Sinha, P, Sips, G, Sizyuk, T, Skinner, C, Sladkomedova, A, Slendebroek, T, Slief, J, Smirnov, R, Smith, J, Smith, S, Smith, D, Snipes, J, Snoep, G, Snyder, A, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Song, J, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spendlove, J, Spong, D, Squire, J, Srinivasan, C, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stange, T, Stangeby, P, Stefan, R, Stemprok, R, Stephan, D, Stillerman, J, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stonecipher, W, Storment, S, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sun, Y, Sun, P, Sun, Z, Sun, A, Sundstrom, D, Sung, C, Sungcoco, J, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Suzuki, T, Svyatkovskiy, A, Swee, C, Sweeney, R, Sweetnam, C, Szepesi, G, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tanaka, K, Tang, X, Tang, S, Tao, Y, Tao, R, Taussig, D, Taylor, T, Teixeira, K, Teo, K, Theodorsen, A, Thomas, D, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Thornton, A, Ti, A, Tillack, M, Timchenko, N, Tinguely, R, Tompkins, R, Tooker, J, De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Tripathi, S, Ochoa, A, Truong, D, Tsui, C, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Umansky, M, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Valdez, J, Valkis, W, Van Compernolle, B, Van Galen, J, Van Kampen, R, Van Zeeland, M, Verdoolaege, G, Vianello, N, Victor, B, Viezzer, E, Vincena, S, Wade, M, Waelbroeck, F, Wai, J, Wakatsuki, T, Walker, M, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wampler, W, Wang, L, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Ward, S, Watkins, M, Watkins, J, Wehner, W, Wei, Y, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Wiesen, S, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Willensdorfer, M, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolde, M, Wolff, M, Woller, K, Wolz, A, Wong, H, Woodruff, S, Wu, M, Wu, Y, Wukitch, S, Wurden, G, Xiao, W, Xie, R, Xing, Z, Xu, X, Xu, C, Xu, G, Yan, Z, Yang, X, Yang, S, Yokoyama, T, Yoneda, R, Yoshida, M, You, K, Younkin, T, Yu, J, Yu, M, Yu, G, Yuan, Q, Zaidenberg, L, Zakharov, L, Zamengo, A, Zamperini, S, Zarnstorff, M, Zeger, E, Zeller, K, Zeng, L, Zerbini, M, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhang, R, Zhang, B, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, B, Zheng, Y, Zheng, L, Zhu, B, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zsutty, M, Zuin, M, Fenstermacher, ME, Paz, GC, Quiroga, JG, Munoz, MG, Esquisabel, AL, Di Cortemiglia, TL, Burgos, JM, Canal, GP, Martinez, AP, Fernandez, PR, Ruiz, JR, De Sousa, AT, Ochoa, AT, Fenstermacher, M, Abbate, J, Abe, S, Abrams, T, Adams, M, Adamson, B, Aiba, N, Akiyama, T, Aleynikov, P, Allen, E, Allen, S, Anand, H, Anderson, J, Andrew, Y, Andrews, T, Appelt, D, Arbon, R, Ashikawa, N, Ashourvan, A, Aslin, M, Asnis, Y, Austin, M, Ayala, D, Bak, J, Bandyopadhyay, I, Banerjee, S, Barada, K, Bardoczi, L, Barr, J, Bass, E, Battaglia, D, Battey, A, Baumgartner, W, Baylor, L, Beckers, J, Beidler, M, Belli, E, Berkery, J, Bernard, T, Bertelli, N, Beurskens, M, Bielajew, R, Bilgili, S, Biswas, B, Blondel, S, Boedo, J, Bogatu, I, Boivin, R, Bolzonella, T, Bongard, M, Bonnin, X, Bonoli, P, Bonotto, M, Bortolon, A, Bose, S, Bosviel, N, Bouwmans, S, Boyer, M, Boyes, W, Bradley, L, Brambila, R, Brennan, D, Bringuier, S, Brodsky, L, Brookman, M, Brooks, J, Brower, D, Brown, G, Brown, W, Burke, M, Burrell, K, Butler, K, Buttery, R, Bykov, I, Byrne, P, Cacheris, A, Callahan, K, Callen, J, Campbell, G, Candy, J, Canik, J, Cano-Megias, P, Cao, N, Carayannopoulos, L, Carlstrom, T, Carrig, W, Carter, T, Cary, W, Casali, L, Cengher, M, Paz, G, Chaban, R, Chan, V, Chapman, B, Char, I, Chattopadhyay, A, Chen, R, Chen, J, Chen, X, Chen, M, Chen, Z, Choi, M, Choi, W, Choi, G, Chousal, L, Chrobak, C, Chrystal, C, Chung, Y, Churchill, R, Cianciosa, M, Clark, J, Clement, M, Coda, S, Cole, A, Collins, C, Conlin, W, Cooper, A, Cordell, J, Coriton, B, Cote, T, Cothran, J, Creely, A, Crocker, N, Crowe, C, Crowley, B, Crowley, T, Cruz-Zabala, D, Cummings, D, Curie, M, Curreli, D, Dal Molin, A, Dannels, B, Dautt-Silva, A, Davda, K, De Tommasi, G, De Vries, P, Degrandchamp, G, Degrassie, J, Demers, D, Denk, S, Depasquale, S, Deshazer, E, Diallo, A, Diem, S, Dimits, A, Ding, R, Ding, S, Ding, W, Do, T, Doane, J, Dong, G, Donovan, D, Drake, J, Drews, W, Drobny, J, Du, X, Du, H, Duarte, V, Dudt, D, Dunn, C, Duran, J, Dvorak, A, Effenberg, F, Eidietis, N, Elder, D, Eldon, D, Ellis, R, Elwasif, W, Ennis, D, Erickson, K, Ernst, D, Fasciana, M, Fedorov, D, Feibush, E, Ferraro, N, Ferreira, J, Ferron, J, Fimognari, P, Finkenthal, D, Fitzpatrick, R, Fox, P, Fox, W, Frassinetti, L, Frerichs, H, Frye, H, Fu, Y, Gage, K, Quiroga, J, Gallo, A, Gao, Q, Garcia, A, Munoz, M, Garnier, D, Garofalo, A, Gattuso, A, Geng, D, Gentle, K, Ghosh, D, Giacomelli, L, Gibson, S, Gilson, E, Giroud, C, Glass, F, Glasser, A, Glibert, D, Gohil, P, Gomez, R, Gomez, S, Gong, X, Gonzales, E, Goodman, A, Gorelov, Y, Graber, V, Granetz, R, Gray, T, Green, D, Greenfield, C, Greenwald, M, Grierson, B, Groebner, R, Grosnickle, W, Groth, M, Grunloh, H, Gu, S, Guo, W, Guo, H, Gupta, P, Guterl, J, Guttenfelder, W, Guzman, T, Haar, S, Hager, R, Hahn, S, Halfmoon, M, Hall, T, Hallatschek, K, Halpern, F, Hammett, G, Han, H, Hansen, E, Hansen, C, Hansink, M, Hanson, J, Hanson, M, Hao, G, Harris, A, Harvey, R, Haskey, S, Hassan, E, Hassanein, A, Hatch, D, Hawryluk, R, Hayashi, W, Heidbrink, W, Herfindal, J, Hicok, J, Hill, D, Hinson, E, Holcomb, C, Holland, L, Holland, C, Hollmann, E, Hollocombe, J, Holm, A, Holmes, I, Holtrop, K, Honda, M, Hong, R, Hood, R, Horton, A, Horvath, L, Hosokawa, M, Houshmandyar, S, Howard, N, Howell, E, Hoyt, D, Hu, W, Hu, Y, Hu, Q, Huang, J, Huang, Y, Hughes, J, Human, T, Humphreys, D, Huynh, P, Hyatt, A, Ibanez, C, Ibarra, L, Icasas, R, Ida, K, Igochine, V, In, Y, Inoue, S, Isayama, A, Izacard, O, Izzo, V, Jackson, A, Jacobsen, G, Jaervinen, A, Jalalvand, A, Janhunen, J, Jardin, S, Jarleblad, H, Jeon, Y, Ji, H, Jian, X, Joffrin, E, Johansen, A, Johnson, C, Johnson, T, Jones, C, Joseph, I, Jubas, D, Junge, B, Kalb, W, Kalling, R, Kamath, C, Kang, J, Kaplan, D, Kaptanoglu, A, Kasdorf, S, Kates-Harbeck, J, Kazantzidis, P, Kellman, A, Kellman, D, Kessel, C, Khumthong, K, Kim, E, Kim, H, Kim, J, Kim, S, Kim, K, Kim, C, Kimura, W, King, M, King, J, Kinsey, J, Kirk, A, Kiyan, B, Kleiner, A, Klevarova, V, Knapp, R, Knolker, M, Ko, W, Kobayashi, T, Koch, E, Kochan, M, Koel, B, Koepke, M, Kohn, A, Kolasinski, R, Kolemen, E, Kostadinova, E, Kostuk, M, Kramer, G, Kriete, D, Kripner, L, Kubota, S, Kulchar, J, Kwon, K, La Haye, R, Laggner, F, Lan, H, Lantsov, R, Lao, L, Esquisabel, A, Lasnier, C, Lau, C, Leard, B, Lee, J, Lee, R, Lee, M, Lee, Y, Lee, C, Lee, S, Lehnen, M, Leonard, A, Leppink, E, Lesher, M, Lestz, J, Leuer, J, Leuthold, N, Li, X, Li, K, Li, E, Li, G, Li, L, Li, Z, Li, J, Li, Y, Lin, Z, Lin, D, Liu, X, Liu, J, Liu, Y, Liu, T, Liu, C, Liu, Z, Liu, D, Liu, A, Loarte-Prieto, A, Lodestro, L, Logan, N, Lohr, J, Lombardo, B, Lore, J, Luan, Q, Luce, T, Di Cortemiglia, T, Luhmann, N, Lunsford, R, Luo, Z, Lvovskiy, A, Lyons, B, Ma, X, Madruga, M, Madsen, B, Maggi, C, Maheshwari, K, Mail, A, Mailloux, J, Maingi, R, Major, M, Makowski, M, Manchanda, R, Marini, C, Marinoni, A, Maris, A, Markovic, T, Marrelli, L, Martin, E, Mateja, J, Matsunaga, G, Maurizio, R, Mauzey, P, Mauzey, D, Mcardle, G, Mcclenaghan, J, Mccollam, K, Mcdevitt, C, Mckay, K, Mckee, G, Mclean, A, Mehta, V, Meier, E, Menard, J, Meneghini, O, Merlo, G, Messer, S, Meyer, W, Michael, C, Michoski, C, Milne, P, Minet, G, Misleh, A, Mitrishkin, Y, Moeller, C, Montes, K, Morales, M, Mordijck, S, Moreau, D, Morosohk, S, Morris, P, Morton, L, Moser, A, Moyer, R, Moynihan, C, Mrazkova, T, Mueller, D, Munaretto, S, Burgos, J, Murphy, C, Murphy, K, Muscatello, C, Myers, C, Nagy, A, Nandipati, G, Navarro, M, Nave, F, Navratil, G, Nazikian, R, Neff, A, Neilson, G, Neiser, T, Neiswanger, W, Nelson, D, Nelson, A, Nespoli, F, Nguyen, R, Nguyen, L, Nguyen, X, Nichols, J, Nocente, M, Nogami, S, Noraky, S, Norausky, N, Nornberg, M, Nygren, R, Odstrcil, T, Ogas, D, Ogorman, T, Ohdachi, S, Ohtani, Y, Okabayashi, M, Okamoto, M, Olavson, L, Olofsson, E, Omullane, M, Oneill, R, Orlov, D, Orvis, W, Osborne, T, Pace, D, Canal, G, Martinez, A, Palacios, L, Pan, C, Pan, Q, Pandit, R, Pandya, M, Pankin, A, Park, Y, Park, J, Parker, S, Parks, P, Parsons, M, Patel, B, Pawley, C, Paz-Soldan, C, Peebles, W, Pelton, S, Perillo, R, Petty, C, Peysson, Y, Pierce, D, Pigarov, A, Pigatto, L, Piglowski, D, Pinches, S, Pinsker, R, Piovesan, P, Piper, N, Pironti, A, Pitts, R, Pizzo, J, Plank, U, Podesta, M, Poli, E, Poli, F, Ponce, D, Popovic, Z, Porkolab, M, Porter, G, Powers, C, Powers, S, Prater, R, Pratt, Q, Pusztai, I, Qian, J, Qin, X, Ra, O, Rafiq, T, Raines, T, Raman, R, Rauch, J, Raymond, A, Rea, C, Reich, M, Reiman, A, Reinhold, S, Reinke, M, Reksoatmodjo, R, Ren, Q, Ren, Y, Ren, J, Rensink, M, Renteria, J, Rhodes, T, Rice, J, Roberts, R, Robinson, J, Fernandez, P, Rognlien, T, Rosenthal, A, Rosiello, S, Rost, J, Roveto, J, Rowan, W, Rozenblat, R, Ruane, J, Rudakov, D, Ruiz, J, Rupani, R, Saarelma, S, Sabbagh, S, Sachdev, J, Saenz, J, Saib, S, Salewski, M, Salmi, A, Sammuli, B, Samuell, C, Sandorfi, A, Sang, C, Sarff, J, Sauter, O, Schaubel, K, Schmitz, L, Schmitz, O, Schneider, J, Schroeder, P, Schultz, K, Schuster, E, Schwartz, J, Sciortino, F, Scotti, F, Scoville, J, Seltzman, A, Seol, S, Sfiligoi, I, Shafer, M, Sharapov, S, Shen, H, Sheng, Z, Shepard, T, Shi, S, Shibata, Y, Shin, G, Shiraki, D, Shousha, R, Si, H, Simmerling, P, Sinclair, G, Sinha, J, Sinha, P, Sips, G, Sizyuk, T, Skinner, C, Sladkomedova, A, Slendebroek, T, Slief, J, Smirnov, R, Smith, J, Smith, S, Smith, D, Snipes, J, Snoep, G, Snyder, A, Snyder, P, Solano, E, Solomon, W, Song, J, Sontag, A, Soukhanovskii, V, Spendlove, J, Spong, D, Squire, J, Srinivasan, C, Stacey, W, Staebler, G, Stagner, L, Stange, T, Stangeby, P, Stefan, R, Stemprok, R, Stephan, D, Stillerman, J, Stoltzfus-Dueck, T, Stonecipher, W, Storment, S, Strait, E, Su, D, Sugiyama, L, Sun, Y, Sun, P, Sun, Z, Sun, A, Sundstrom, D, Sung, C, Sungcoco, J, Suttrop, W, Suzuki, Y, Suzuki, T, Svyatkovskiy, A, Swee, C, Sweeney, R, Sweetnam, C, Szepesi, G, Takechi, M, Tala, T, Tanaka, K, Tang, X, Tang, S, Tao, Y, Tao, R, Taussig, D, Taylor, T, Teixeira, K, Teo, K, Theodorsen, A, Thomas, D, Thome, K, Thorman, A, Thornton, A, Ti, A, Tillack, M, Timchenko, N, Tinguely, R, Tompkins, R, Tooker, J, De Sousa, A, Trevisan, G, Tripathi, S, Ochoa, A, Truong, D, Tsui, C, Turco, F, Turnbull, A, Umansky, M, Unterberg, E, Vaezi, P, Vail, P, Valdez, J, Valkis, W, Van Compernolle, B, Van Galen, J, Van Kampen, R, Van Zeeland, M, Verdoolaege, G, Vianello, N, Victor, B, Viezzer, E, Vincena, S, Wade, M, Waelbroeck, F, Wai, J, Wakatsuki, T, Walker, M, Wallace, G, Waltz, R, Wampler, W, Wang, L, Wang, H, Wang, Y, Wang, Z, Wang, G, Ward, S, Watkins, M, Watkins, J, Wehner, W, Wei, Y, Weiland, M, Weisberg, D, Welander, A, White, A, White, R, Wiesen, S, Wilcox, R, Wilks, T, Willensdorfer, M, Wilson, H, Wingen, A, Wolde, M, Wolff, M, Woller, K, Wolz, A, Wong, H, Woodruff, S, Wu, M, Wu, Y, Wukitch, S, Wurden, G, Xiao, W, Xie, R, Xing, Z, Xu, X, Xu, C, Xu, G, Yan, Z, Yang, X, Yang, S, Yokoyama, T, Yoneda, R, Yoshida, M, You, K, Younkin, T, Yu, J, Yu, M, Yu, G, Yuan, Q, Zaidenberg, L, Zakharov, L, Zamengo, A, Zamperini, S, Zarnstorff, M, Zeger, E, Zeller, K, Zeng, L, Zerbini, M, Zhang, L, Zhang, X, Zhang, R, Zhang, B, Zhang, J, Zhao, L, Zhao, B, Zheng, Y, Zheng, L, Zhu, B, Zhu, J, Zhu, Y, Zsutty, M, Zuin, M, Fenstermacher, ME, Paz, GC, Quiroga, JG, Munoz, MG, Esquisabel, AL, Di Cortemiglia, TL, Burgos, JM, Canal, GP, Martinez, AP, Fernandez, PR, Ruiz, JR, De Sousa, AT, and Ochoa, AT

Abstract

DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I (p) steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at similar to 8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I (p) beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stab

Published
2022

47. DIII-D research advancing the physics basis for optimizing the tokamak approach to fusion energy

Author

Fenstermacher, M. E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., De Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Elder, D., Eldon, D., Ellis, R., Elwasif, W., Ennis, D., Erickson, K., Ernst, D., Fasciana, M., Fedorov, D., Feibush, E., Ferraro, N., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fimognari, P., Finkenthal, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fox, P., Fox, W., Frassinetti, L., Frerichs, H., Frye, H., Fu, Y., Gage, K., Galdon Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Q., Garcia, A., Garcia Munoz, M., Garnier, D., Garofalo, A., Gattuso, A., Geng, D., Gentle, K., Ghosh, D., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, S., Gilson, E., Giroud, C., Glass, F., Glasser, A., Glibert, D., Gohil, P., Gomez, R., Gomez, S., Gong, X., Gonzales, E., Goodman, A., Gorelov, Y., Graber, V., Granetz, R., Gray, T., Green, D., Greenfield, C., Greenwald, M., Grierson, B., Groebner, R., Grosnickle, W., Groth, M., Grunloh, H., Gu, S., Guo, W., Guo, H., Gupta, P., Guterl, J., Guttenfelder, W., Guzman, T., Haar, S., Hager, R., Hahn, S., Halfmoon, M., Hall, T., Hallatschek, K., Halpern, F., Hammett, G., Han, H., Hansen, E., Hansen, C., Hansink, M., Hanson, J., Hanson, M., Hao, G., Harris, A., Harvey, R., Haskey, S., Hassan, E., Hassanein, A., Hatch, D., Hawryluk, R., Hayashi, W., Heidbrink, W., Herfindal, J., Hicok, J., Hill, D., Hinson, E., Holcomb, C., Holland, L., Holland, C., Hollmann, E., Hollocombe, J., Holm, A., Holmes, I., Holtrop, K., Honda, M., Hong, R., Hood, R., Horton, A., Horvath, L., Hosokawa, M., Houshmandyar, S., Howard, N., Howell, E., Hoyt, D., Hu, W., Hu, Y., Hu, Q., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Hughes, J., Human, T., Humphreys, D., Huynh, P., Hyatt, A., Ibanez, C., Ibarra, L., Icasas, R., Ida, K., Igochine, V., In, Y., Inoue, S., Isayama, A., Izacard, O., Izzo, V., Jackson, A., Jacobsen, G., Jaervinen, A., Jalalvand, A., Janhunen, J., Jardin, S., Jarleblad, H., Jeon, Y., Ji, H., Jian, X., Joffrin, E., Johansen, A., Johnson, C., Johnson, T., Jones, C., Joseph, I., Jubas, D., Junge, B., Kalb, W., Kalling, R., Kamath, C., Kang, J., Kaplan, D., Kaptanoglu, A., Kasdorf, S., Kates-Harbeck, J., Kazantzidis, P., Kellman, A., Kellman, D., Kessel, C., Khumthong, K., Kim, E., Kim, H., Kim, J., Kim, S., Kim, K., Kim, C., Kimura, W., King, M., King, J., Kinsey, J., Kirk, A., Kiyan, B., Kleiner, A., Klevarova, V., Knapp, R., Knolker, M., Ko, W., Kobayashi, T., Koch, E., Kochan, M., Koel, B., Koepke, M., Kohn, A., Kolasinski, R., Kolemen, E., Kostadinova, E., Kostuk, M., Kramer, G., Kriete, D., Kripner, L., Kubota, S., Kulchar, J., Kwon, K., La Haye, R., Laggner, F., Lan, H., Lantsov, R., Lao, L., Lasa Esquisabel, A., Lasnier, C., Lau, C., Leard, B., Lee, J., Lee, R., Lee, M., Lee, Y., Lee, C., Lee, S., Lehnen, M., Leonard, A., Leppink, E., Lesher, M., Lestz, J., Leuer, J., Leuthold, N., Li, X., Li, K., Li, E., Li, G., Li, L., Li, Z., Li, J., Li, Y., Lin, Z., Lin, D., Liu, X., Liu, J., Liu, Y., Liu, T., Liu, C., Liu, Z., Liu, D., Liu, A., Loarte-Prieto, A., Lodestro, L., Logan, N., Lohr, J., Lombardo, B., Lore, J., Luan, Q., Luce, T., Luda Di Cortemiglia, T., Luhmann, N., Lunsford, R., Luo, Z., Lvovskiy, A., Lyons, B., Ma, X., Madruga, M., Madsen, B., Maggi, C., Maheshwari, K., Mail, A., Mailloux, J., Maingi, R., Major, M., Makowski, M., Manchanda, R., Marini, C., Marinoni, A., Maris, A., Markovic, T., Marrelli, L., Martin, E., Mateja, J., Matsunaga, G., Maurizio, R., Mauzey, P., Mauzey, D., McArdle, G., McClenaghan, J., McCollam, K., McDevitt, C., McKay, K., McKee, G., McLean, A., Mehta, V., Meier, E., Menard, J., Meneghini, O., Merlo, G., Messer, S., Meyer, W., Michael, C., Michoski, C., Milne, P., Minet, G., Misleh, A., Mitrishkin, Y., Moeller, C., Montes, K., Morales, M., Mordijck, S., Moreau, D., Morosohk, S., Morris, P., Morton, L., Moser, A., Moyer, R., Moynihan, C., Mrazkova, T., Mueller, D., Munaretto, S., Munoz Burgos, J., Murphy, C., Murphy, K., Muscatello, C., Myers, C., Nagy, A., Nandipati, G., Navarro, M., Nave, F., Navratil, G., Nazikian, R., Neff, A., Neilson, G., Neiser, T., Neiswanger, W., Nelson, D., Nelson, A., Nespoli, F., Nguyen, R., Nguyen, L., Nguyen, X., Nichols, J., Nocente, M., Nogami, S., Noraky, S., Norausky, N., Nornberg, M., Nygren, R., Odstrcil, T., Ogas, D., Ogorman, T., Ohdachi, S., Ohtani, Y., Okabayashi, M., Okamoto, M., Olavson, L., Olofsson, E., Omullane, M., Oneill, R., Orlov, D., Orvis, W., Osborne, T., Pace, D., Paganini Canal, G., Pajares Martinez, A., Palacios, L., Pan, C., Pan, Q., Pandit, R., Pandya, M., Pankin, A., Park, Y., Park, J., Parker, S., Parks, P., Parsons, M., Patel, B., Pawley, C., Paz-Soldan, C., Peebles, W., Pelton, S., Perillo, R., Petty, C., Peysson, Y., Pierce, D., Pigarov, A., Pigatto, L., Piglowski, D., Pinches, S., Pinsker, R., Piovesan, P., Piper, N., Pironti, A., Pitts, R., Pizzo, J., Plank, U., Podesta, M., Poli, E., Poli, F., Ponce, D., Popovic, Z., Porkolab, M., Porter, G., Powers, C., Powers, S., Prater, R., Pratt, Q., Pusztai, I., Qian, J., Qin, X., Ra, O., Rafiq, T., Raines, T., Raman, R., Rauch, J., Raymond, A., Rea, C., Reich, M., Reiman, A., Reinhold, S., Reinke, M., Reksoatmodjo, R., Ren, Q., Ren, Y., Ren, J., Rensink, M., Renteria, J., Rhodes, T., Rice, J., Roberts, R., Robinson, J., Rodriguez Fernandez, P., Rognlien, T., Rosenthal, A., Rosiello, S., Rost, J., Roveto, J., Rowan, W., Rozenblat, R., Ruane, J., Rudakov, D., Ruiz Ruiz, J., Rupani, R., Saarelma, S., Sabbagh, S., Sachdev, J., Saenz, J., Saib, S., Salewski, M., Salmi, A., Sammuli, B., Samuell, C., Sandorfi, A., Sang, C., Sarff, J., Sauter, O., Schaubel, K., Schmitz, L., Schmitz, O., Schneider, J., Schroeder, P., Schultz, K., Schuster, E., Schwartz, J., Sciortino, F., Scotti, F., Scoville, J., Seltzman, A., Seol, S., Sfiligoi, I., Shafer, M., Sharapov, S., Shen, H., Sheng, Z., Shepard, T., Shi, S., Shibata, Y., Shin, G., Shiraki, D., Shousha, R., Si, H., Simmerling, P., Sinclair, G., Sinha, J., Sinha, P., Sips, G., Sizyuk, T., Skinner, C., Sladkomedova, A., Slendebroek, T., Slief, J., Smirnov, R., Smith, J., Smith, S., Smith, D., Snipes, J., Snoep, G., Snyder, A., Snyder, P., Solano, E., Solomon, W., Song, J., Sontag, A., Soukhanovskii, V., Spendlove, J., Spong, D., Squire, J., Srinivasan, C., Stacey, W., Staebler, G., Stagner, L., Stange, T., Stangeby, P., Stefan, R., Stemprok, R., Stephan, D., Stillerman, J., Stoltzfus-Dueck, T., Stonecipher, W., Storment, S., Strait, E., Su, D., Sugiyama, L., Sun, Y., Sun, P., Sun, Z., Sun, A., Sundstrom, D., Sung, C., Sungcoco, J., Suttrop, W., Suzuki, Y., Suzuki, T., Svyatkovskiy, A., Swee, C., Sweeney, R., Sweetnam, C., Szepesi, G., Takechi, M., Tala, T., Tanaka, K., Tang, X., Tang, S., Tao, Y., Tao, R., Taussig, D., Taylor, T., Teixeira, K., Teo, K., Theodorsen, A., Thomas, D., Thome, K., Thorman, A., Thornton, A., Ti, A., Tillack, M., Timchenko, N., Tinguely, R., Tompkins, R., Tooker, J., Torrezan De Sousa, A., Trevisan, G., Tripathi, S., Trujillo Ochoa, A., Truong, D., Tsui, C., Turco, F., Turnbull, A., Umansky, M., Unterberg, E., Vaezi, P., Vail, P., Valdez, J., Valkis, W., Van Compernolle, B., Van Galen, J., Van Kampen, R., Van Zeeland, M., Verdoolaege, G., Vianello, N., Victor, B., Viezzer, E., Vincena, S., Wade, M., Waelbroeck, F., Wai, J., Wakatsuki, T., Walker, M., Wallace, G., Waltz, R., Wampler, W., Wang, L., Wang, H., Wang, Y., Wang, Z., Wang, G., Ward, S., Watkins, M., Watkins, J., Wehner, W., Wei, Y., Weiland, M., Weisberg, D., Welander, A., White, A., White, R., Wiesen, S., Wilcox, R., Wilks, T., Willensdorfer, M., Wilson, H., Wingen, A., Wolde, M., Wolff, M., Woller, K., Wolz, A., Wong, H., Woodruff, S., Wu, M., Wu, Y., Wukitch, S., Wurden, G., Xiao, W., Xie, R., Xing, Z., Xu, X., Xu, C., Xu, G., Yan, Z., Yang, X., Yang, S., Yokoyama, T., Yoneda, R., Yoshida, M., You, K., Younkin, T., Yu, J., Yu, M., Yu, G., Yuan, Q., Zaidenberg, L., Zakharov, L., Zamengo, A., Zamperini, S., Zarnstorff, M., Zeger, E., Zeller, K., Zeng, L., Zerbini, M., Zhang, L., Zhang, X., Zhang, R., Zhang, B., Zhang, J., Zhao, L., Zhao, B., Zheng, Y., Zheng, L., Zhu, B., Zhu, J., Zhu, Y., Zsutty, M., Zuin, M., Fenstermacher, M. E., Abbate, J., Abe, S., Abrams, T., Adams, M., Adamson, B., Aiba, N., Akiyama, T., Aleynikov, P., Allen, E., Allen, S., Anand, H., Anderson, J., Andrew, Y., Andrews, T., Appelt, D., Arbon, R., Ashikawa, N., Ashourvan, A., Aslin, M., Asnis, Y., Austin, M., Ayala, D., Bak, J., Bandyopadhyay, I., Banerjee, S., Barada, K., Bardoczi, L., Barr, J., Bass, E., Battaglia, D., Battey, A., Baumgartner, W., Baylor, L., Beckers, J., Beidler, M., Belli, E., Berkery, J., Bernard, T., Bertelli, N., Beurskens, M., Bielajew, R., Bilgili, S., Biswas, B., Blondel, S., Boedo, J., Bogatu, I., Boivin, R., Bolzonella, T., Bongard, M., Bonnin, X., Bonoli, P., Bonotto, M., Bortolon, A., Bose, S., Bosviel, N., Bouwmans, S., Boyer, M., Boyes, W., Bradley, L., Brambila, R., Brennan, D., Bringuier, S., Brodsky, L., Brookman, M., Brooks, J., Brower, D., Brown, G., Brown, W., Burke, M., Burrell, K., Butler, K., Buttery, R., Bykov, I., Byrne, P., Cacheris, A., Callahan, K., Callen, J., Campbell, G., Candy, J., Canik, J., Cano-Megias, P., Cao, N., Carayannopoulos, L., Carlstrom, T., Carrig, W., Carter, T., Cary, W., Casali, L., Cengher, M., Cespedes Paz, G., Chaban, R., Chan, V., Chapman, B., Char, I., Chattopadhyay, A., Chen, R., Chen, J., Chen, X., Chen, M., Chen, Z., Choi, M., Choi, W., Choi, G., Chousal, L., Chrobak, C., Chrystal, C., Chung, Y., Churchill, R., Cianciosa, M., Clark, J., Clement, M., Coda, S., Cole, A., Collins, C., Conlin, W., Cooper, A., Cordell, J., Coriton, B., Cote, T., Cothran, J., Creely, A., Crocker, N., Crowe, C., Crowley, B., Crowley, T., Cruz-Zabala, D., Cummings, D., Curie, M., Curreli, D., Dal Molin, A., Dannels, B., Dautt-Silva, A., Davda, K., De Tommasi, G., De Vries, P., Degrandchamp, G., Degrassie, J., Demers, D., Denk, S., Depasquale, S., Deshazer, E., Diallo, A., Diem, S., Dimits, A., Ding, R., Ding, S., Ding, W., Do, T., Doane, J., Dong, G., Donovan, D., Drake, J., Drews, W., Drobny, J., Du, X., Du, H., Duarte, V., Dudt, D., Dunn, C., Duran, J., Dvorak, A., Effenberg, F., Eidietis, N., Elder, D., Eldon, D., Ellis, R., Elwasif, W., Ennis, D., Erickson, K., Ernst, D., Fasciana, M., Fedorov, D., Feibush, E., Ferraro, N., Ferreira, J., Ferron, J., Fimognari, P., Finkenthal, D., Fitzpatrick, R., Fox, P., Fox, W., Frassinetti, L., Frerichs, H., Frye, H., Fu, Y., Gage, K., Galdon Quiroga, J., Gallo, A., Gao, Q., Garcia, A., Garcia Munoz, M., Garnier, D., Garofalo, A., Gattuso, A., Geng, D., Gentle, K., Ghosh, D., Giacomelli, L., Gibson, S., Gilson, E., Giroud, C., Glass, F., Glasser, A., Glibert, D., Gohil, P., Gomez, R., Gomez, S., Gong, X., Gonzales, E., Goodman, A., Gorelov, Y., Graber, V., Granetz, R., Gray, T., Green, D., Greenfield, C., Greenwald, M., Grierson, B., Groebner, R., Grosnickle, W., Groth, M., Grunloh, H., Gu, S., Guo, W., Guo, H., Gupta, P., Guterl, J., Guttenfelder, W., Guzman, T., Haar, S., Hager, R., Hahn, S., Halfmoon, M., Hall, T., Hallatschek, K., Halpern, F., Hammett, G., Han, H., Hansen, E., Hansen, C., Hansink, M., Hanson, J., Hanson, M., Hao, G., Harris, A., Harvey, R., Haskey, S., Hassan, E., Hassanein, A., Hatch, D., Hawryluk, R., Hayashi, W., Heidbrink, W., Herfindal, J., Hicok, J., Hill, D., Hinson, E., Holcomb, C., Holland, L., Holland, C., Hollmann, E., Hollocombe, J., Holm, A., Holmes, I., Holtrop, K., Honda, M., Hong, R., Hood, R., Horton, A., Horvath, L., Hosokawa, M., Houshmandyar, S., Howard, N., Howell, E., Hoyt, D., Hu, W., Hu, Y., Hu, Q., Huang, J., Huang, Y., Hughes, J., Human, T., Humphreys, D., Huynh, P., Hyatt, A., Ibanez, C., Ibarra, L., Icasas, R., Ida, K., Igochine, V., In, Y., Inoue, S., Isayama, A., Izacard, O., Izzo, V., Jackson, A., Jacobsen, G., Jaervinen, A., Jalalvand, A., Janhunen, J., Jardin, S., Jarleblad, H., Jeon, Y., Ji, H., Jian, X., Joffrin, E., Johansen, A., Johnson, C., Johnson, T., Jones, C., Joseph, I., Jubas, D., Junge, B., Kalb, W., Kalling, R., Kamath, C., Kang, J., Kaplan, D., Kaptanoglu, A., Kasdorf, S., Kates-Harbeck, J., Kazantzidis, P., Kellman, 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Abstract

DIII-D physics research addresses critical challenges for the operation of ITER and the next generation of fusion energy devices. This is done through a focus on innovations to provide solutions for high performance long pulse operation, coupled with fundamental plasma physics understanding and model validation, to drive scenario development by integrating high performance core and boundary plasmas. Substantial increases in off-axis current drive efficiency from an innovative top launch system for EC power, and in pressure broadening for Alfven eigenmode control from a co-/counter-I p steerable off-axis neutral beam, all improve the prospects for optimization of future long pulse/steady state high performance tokamak operation. Fundamental studies into the modes that drive the evolution of the pedestal pressure profile and electron vs ion heat flux validate predictive models of pedestal recovery after ELMs. Understanding the physics mechanisms of ELM control and density pumpout by 3D magnetic perturbation fields leads to confident predictions for ITER and future devices. Validated modeling of high-Z shattered pellet injection for disruption mitigation, runaway electron dissipation, and techniques for disruption prediction and avoidance including machine learning, give confidence in handling disruptivity for future devices. For the non-nuclear phase of ITER, two actuators are identified to lower the L-H threshold power in hydrogen plasmas. With this physics understanding and suite of capabilities, a high poloidal beta optimized-core scenario with an internal transport barrier that projects nearly to Q = 10 in ITER at ∼8 MA was coupled to a detached divertor, and a near super H-mode optimized-pedestal scenario with co-I p beam injection was coupled to a radiative divertor. The hybrid core scenario was achieved directly, without the need for anomalous current diffusion, using off-axis current drive actuators. Also, a controller to assess proximity to stability limit

Published
2022

48. Warmth and competence perceptions of key protagonists are associated with containment measures during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from 35 countries

Author

Friehs, M, Kotzur, P, Kraus, C, Schemmerling, M, Herzig, J, Stanciu, A, Dilly, S, Hellert, L, Hübner, D, Rückwardt, A, Ulizcay, V, Christ, O, Brambilla, M, De Keersmaecker, J, Durante, F, Gale, J, Grigoryev, D, Igou, E, Javakhishvili, N, Kienmoser, D, Nicolas, G, Oldmeadow, J, Rohmer, O, Sætrevik, B, Barbedor, J, Bastias, F, Bjørkheim, S, Bolatov, A, Duran, N, Findor, A, Götz, F, Graf, S, Hakobjanyan, A, Halkias, G, Hancheva, C, Hřebíčková, M, Hruška, M, Husnu, S, Kadirov, K, Khachatryan, N, Macedo, F, Makashvili, A, Martínez-Muñoz, M, Mercadante, E, Mesesan Schmitz, L, Michael, A, Mullabaeva, N, Neto, F, Neto, J, Ozturk, M, Paschenko, S, Pietraszkiewicz, A, Psaltis, C, Qiu, Y, Rupar, M, Samekin, A, Schmid, K, Sczesny, S, Sun, Y, Svedholm-Häkkinen, A, Szymkow, A, Teye-Kwadjo, E, Torres, C, Vieira, L, Yahiiaiev, I, Yzerbyt, V, Friehs, Maria-Therese, Kotzur, Patrick F, Kraus, Christine, Schemmerling, Moritz, Herzig, Jessica A, Stanciu, Adrian, Dilly, Sebastian, Hellert, Lisa, Hübner, Doreen, Rückwardt, Anja, Ulizcay, Veruschka, Christ, Oliver, Brambilla, Marco, De Keersmaecker, Jonas, Durante, Federica, Gale, Jessica, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Igou, Eric R, Javakhishvili, Nino, Kienmoser, Doris, Nicolas, Gandalf, Oldmeadow, Julian, Rohmer, Odile, Sætrevik, Bjørn, Barbedor, Julien, Bastias, Franco, Bjørkheim, Sebastian B, Bolatov, Aidos, Duran, Nazire, Findor, Andrej, Götz, Friedrich, Graf, Sylvie, Hakobjanyan, Anna, Halkias, Georgios, Hancheva, Camellia, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hruška, Matej, Husnu, Shenel, Kadirov, Kamoliddin, Khachatryan, Narine, Macedo, Francisco G, Makashvili, Ana, Martínez-Muñoz, Maylin, Mercadante, Eric, Mesesan Schmitz, Luiza, Michael, Andreas, Mullabaeva, Nozima, Neto, Félix, Neto, Joana, Ozturk, Merve, Paschenko, Svitlana, Pietraszkiewicz, Agnieszka, Psaltis, Charis, Qiu, Yuting, Rupar, Mirjana, Samekin, Adil, Schmid, Katharina, Sczesny, Sabine, Sun, Yiwen, Svedholm-Häkkinen, Annika M, Szymkow, Aleksandra, Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch, Torres, Claudio V, Vieira, Luc, Yahiiaiev, Illia, Yzerbyt, Vincent, Friehs, M, Kotzur, P, Kraus, C, Schemmerling, M, Herzig, J, Stanciu, A, Dilly, S, Hellert, L, Hübner, D, Rückwardt, A, Ulizcay, V, Christ, O, Brambilla, M, De Keersmaecker, J, Durante, F, Gale, J, Grigoryev, D, Igou, E, Javakhishvili, N, Kienmoser, D, Nicolas, G, Oldmeadow, J, Rohmer, O, Sætrevik, B, Barbedor, J, Bastias, F, Bjørkheim, S, Bolatov, A, Duran, N, Findor, A, Götz, F, Graf, S, Hakobjanyan, A, Halkias, G, Hancheva, C, Hřebíčková, M, Hruška, M, Husnu, S, Kadirov, K, Khachatryan, N, Macedo, F, Makashvili, A, Martínez-Muñoz, M, Mercadante, E, Mesesan Schmitz, L, Michael, A, Mullabaeva, N, Neto, F, Neto, J, Ozturk, M, Paschenko, S, Pietraszkiewicz, A, Psaltis, C, Qiu, Y, Rupar, M, Samekin, A, Schmid, K, Sczesny, S, Sun, Y, Svedholm-Häkkinen, A, Szymkow, A, Teye-Kwadjo, E, Torres, C, Vieira, L, Yahiiaiev, I, Yzerbyt, V, Friehs, Maria-Therese, Kotzur, Patrick F, Kraus, Christine, Schemmerling, Moritz, Herzig, Jessica A, Stanciu, Adrian, Dilly, Sebastian, Hellert, Lisa, Hübner, Doreen, Rückwardt, Anja, Ulizcay, Veruschka, Christ, Oliver, Brambilla, Marco, De Keersmaecker, Jonas, Durante, Federica, Gale, Jessica, Grigoryev, Dmitry, Igou, Eric R, Javakhishvili, Nino, Kienmoser, Doris, Nicolas, Gandalf, Oldmeadow, Julian, Rohmer, Odile, Sætrevik, Bjørn, Barbedor, Julien, Bastias, Franco, Bjørkheim, Sebastian B, Bolatov, Aidos, Duran, Nazire, Findor, Andrej, Götz, Friedrich, Graf, Sylvie, Hakobjanyan, Anna, Halkias, Georgios, Hancheva, Camellia, Hřebíčková, Martina, Hruška, Matej, Husnu, Shenel, Kadirov, Kamoliddin, Khachatryan, Narine, Macedo, Francisco G, Makashvili, Ana, Martínez-Muñoz, Maylin, Mercadante, Eric, Mesesan Schmitz, Luiza, Michael, Andreas, Mullabaeva, Nozima, Neto, Félix, Neto, Joana, Ozturk, Merve, Paschenko, Svitlana, Pietraszkiewicz, Agnieszka, Psaltis, Charis, Qiu, Yuting, Rupar, Mirjana, Samekin, Adil, Schmid, Katharina, Sczesny, Sabine, Sun, Yiwen, Svedholm-Häkkinen, Annika M, Szymkow, Aleksandra, Teye-Kwadjo, Enoch, Torres, Claudio V, Vieira, Luc, Yahiiaiev, Illia, and Yzerbyt, Vincent

Abstract

It is crucial to understand why people comply with measures to contain viruses and their effects during pandemics. We provide evidence from 35 countries (Ntotal = 12,553) from 6 continents during the COVID-19 pandemic (between 2021 and 2022) obtained via cross-sectional surveys that the social perception of key protagonists on two basic dimensions—warmth and competence—plays a crucial role in shaping pandemic-related behaviors. Firstly, when asked in an open question format, heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were universally identified as key protagonists across countries. Secondly, multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses revealed that warmth and competence perceptions of these and other protagonists differed significantly within and between countries. Thirdly, internal meta-analyses showed that warmth and competence perceptions of heads of state, physicians, and protest movements were associated with support and opposition intentions, containment and prevention behaviors, as well as vaccination uptake. Our results have important implications for designing effective interventions to motivate desirable health outcomes and coping with future health crises and other global challenges.

Published
2022

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