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1. Primordial aqueous alteration recorded in water-soluble organic molecules from the carbonaceous asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Author

Takano, Yoshinori, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Dworkin, Jason P., Koga, Toshiki, Sasaki, Kazunori, Sato, Hajime, Oba, Yasuhiro, Ogawa, Nanako O., Yoshimura, Toshihiro, Hamase, Kenji, Ohkouchi, Naohiko, Parker, Eric T., Aponte, José C., Glavin, Daniel P., Furukawa, Yoshihiro, Aoki, Junken, Kano, Kuniyuki, Nomura, Shin-ichiro M., Orthous-Daunay, Francois-Regis, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Nakamura, Tomoki, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Yabuta, Hikaru, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yada, Toru, Nishimura, Masahiro, Nakato, Aiko, Miyazaki, Akiko, Yogata, Kasumi, Abe, Masanao, Okada, Tatsuaki, Usui, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Nakazawa, Satoru, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Tsuda, Yuichi, and Tachibana, Shogo

Published
2024
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9. Soluble organic matter Molecular atlas of Ryugu reveals cold hydrothermalism on C-type asteroid parent body

Author

Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Hertkorn, Norbert, Harir, Mourad, Moritz, Franco, Lucio, Marianna, Bonal, Lydie, Quirico, Eric, Takano, Yoshinori, Dworkin, Jason P., Naraoka, Hiroshi, Tachibana, Shogo, Nakamura, Tomoki, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Yabuta, Hikaru, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yada, Toru, Nishimura, Masahiro, Nakato, Aiko, Miyazaki, Akiko, Yogata, Kasumi, Abe, Masanao, Usui, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Nakazawa, Satoru, Okada, Tatsuaki, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, and Tsuda, Yuichi

Published
2023
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11. Chemical evolution of primordial salts and organic sulfur molecules in the asteroid 162173 Ryugu

Author

Yoshimura, Toshihiro, Takano, Yoshinori, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Koga, Toshiki, Araoka, Daisuke, Ogawa, Nanako O., Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Hertkorn, Norbert, Oba, Yasuhiro, Dworkin, Jason P., Aponte, José C., Yoshikawa, Takaaki, Tanaka, Satoru, Ohkouchi, Naohiko, Hashiguchi, Minako, McLain, Hannah, Parker, Eric T., Sakai, Saburo, Yamaguchi, Mihoko, Suzuki, Takahiro, Yokoyama, Tetsuya, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Nakamura, Tomoki, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Yabuta, Hikaru, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yada, Toru, Nishimura, Masahiro, Nakato, Aiko, Miyazaki, Akiko, Yogata, Kasumi, Abe, Masanao, Okada, Tatsuaki, Usui, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Nakazawa, Satoru, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Tsuda, Yuichi, and Tachibana, Shogo

Published
2023
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13. The spatial distribution of soluble organic matter and their relationship to minerals in the asteroid (162173) Ryugu

Author

Hashiguchi, Minako, Aoki, Dan, Fukushima, Kazuhiko, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Takano, Yoshinori, Dworkin, Jason P., Dworkin, Karin E., Aponte, José C., Elsila, Jamie E., Eiler, John M., Furukawa, Yoshihiro, Furusho, Aogu, Glavin, Daniel P., Graham, Heather V., Hamase, Kenji, Hertkorn, Norbert, Isa, Junko, Koga, Toshiki, McLain, Hannah L., Mita, Hajime, Oba, Yasuhiro, Ogawa, Nanako O., Ohkouchi, Naohiko, Orthous-Daunay, Francois-Regis, Parker, Eric T., Ruf, Alexander, Sakai, Saburo, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Sugahara, Haruna, Thissen, Roland, Vuitton, Véronique, Wolters, Cédric, Yoshimura, Toshihiro, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Nakamura, Tomoki, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Yabuta, Hikaru, Sakamoto, Kanako, Tachibana, Shogo, Yada, Toru, Nishimura, Masahiro, Nakato, Aiko, Miyazaki, Akiko, Yogata, Kasumi, Abe, Masanao, Usui, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Nakazawa, Satoru, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, and Tsuda, Yuichi

Published
2023
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15. Enantioselective three-dimensional high-performance liquid chromatographic determination of amino acids in the Hayabusa2 returned samples from the asteroid Ryugu

Author

Furusho, Aogu, Ishii, Chiharu, Akita, Takeyuki, Oyaide, Mai, Mita, Masashi, Naraoka, Hiroshi, Takano, Yoshinori, Dworkin, Jason P., Oba, Yasuhiro, Koga, Toshiki, Fukushima, Kazuhiko, Aoki, Dan, Hashiguchi, Minako, Mita, Hajime, Chikaraishi, Yoshito, Ohkouchi, Naohiko, Ogawa, Nanako O., Sakai, Saburo, Glavin, Daniel P., Elsila, Jamie E., Parker, Eric T., Aponte, José C., McLain, Hannah L., Orthous-Daunay, Francois-Regis, Vuitton, Véronique, Thissen, Roland, Wolters, Cédric, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Ruf, Alexander, Isa, Junko, Hertkorn, Norbert, Eiler, John M., Yoshimura, Toshihiro, Sugahara, Haruna, Graham, Heather V., Furukawa, Yoshihiro, Araoka, Daisuke, Tanaka, Satoru, Yoshikawa, Takaaki, Kabashima, Fumie, Sasaki, Kazunori, Sato, Hajime, Yamazaki, Tomoya, Onose, Morihiko, Morita, Mayu, Kimura, Yuki, Kano, Kuniyuki, Aoki, Junken, Fujishima, Kosuke, Nomura, Shin-ichiro, Tachibana, Shogo, Nakamura, Tomoki, Noguchi, Takaaki, Okazaki, Ryuji, Yabuta, Hikaru, Yurimoto, Hisayoshi, Sakamoto, Kanako, Yada, Toru, Nishimura, Masahiro, Nakato, Aiko, Miyazaki, Akiko, Yogata, Kasumi, Abe, Masanao, Usui, Tomohiro, Yoshikawa, Makoto, Saiki, Takanao, Tanaka, Satoshi, Terui, Fuyuto, Nakazawa, Satoru, Okada, Tatsuaki, Watanabe, Sei-ichiro, Tsuda, Yuichi, and Hamase, Kenji

Published
2024
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16. The impact and recovery of asteroid 2018 LA

Author

Jenniskens, Peter, Gabadirwe, Mohutsiwa, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Proyer, Alexander, Moses, Oliver, Kohout, Tomas, Franchi, Fulvio, Gibson, Roger L., Kowalski, Richard, Christensen, Eric J., Gibbs, Alex R., Heinze, Aren, Denneau, Larry, Farnocchia, Davide, Chodas, Paul W., Gray, William, Micheli, Marco, Moskovitz, Nick, Onken, Christopher A., Wolf, Christian, Devillepoix, Hadrien A. R., Ye, Quanzhi, Robertson, Darrel K., Brown, Peter, Lyytinen, Esko, Moilanen, Jarmo, Albers, Jim, Cooper, Tim, Assink, Jelle, Evers, Läslo, Lahtinen, Panu, Seitshiro, Lesedi, Laubenstein, Matthias, Wantlo, Nggie, Moleje, Phemo, Maritinkole, Joseph, Suhonen, Heikki, Zolensky, Michael E., Ashwal, Lewis, Hiroi, Takahiro, Sears, Derek W., Sehlke, Alexander, Maturilli, Alessandro, Sanborn, Matthew E., Huyskens, Magdalena H., Dey, Supratim, Ziegler, Karen, Busemann, Henner, Riebe, My E. I., Meier, Matthias M. M., Welten, Kees C., Caffee, Marc W., Zhou, Qin, Li, Qiu-Li, Li, Xian-Hua, Liu, Yu, Tang, Guo-Qiang, McLain, Hannah L., Dworkin, Jason P., Glavin, Daniel P., Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Sabbah, Hassan, Joblin, Christine, Granvik, Mikael, Mosarwa, Babutsi, and Botepe, Koketso

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics, Astrophysics - Instrumentation and Methods for Astrophysics, Physics - Geophysics
Abstract

The June 2, 2018, impact of asteroid 2018 LA over Botswana is only the second asteroid detected in space prior to impacting over land. Here, we report on the successful recovery of meteorites. Additional astrometric data refine the approach orbit and define the spin period and shape of the asteroid. Video observations of the fireball constrain the asteroid's position in its orbit and were used to triangulate the location of the fireball's main flare over the Central Kalahari Game Reserve. 23 meteorites were recovered. A consortium study of eight of these classifies Motopi Pan as a HED polymict breccia derived from howardite, cumulate and basaltic eucrite, and diogenite lithologies. Before impact, 2018 LA was a solid rock of about 156 cm diameter with high bulk density about 2.85 g/cm3, a relatively low albedo pV about 0.25, no significant opposition effect on the asteroid brightness, and an impact kinetic energy of about 0.2 kt. The orbit of 2018 LA is consistent with an origin at Vesta (or its Vestoids) and delivery into an Earth-impacting orbit via the nu_6 resonance. The impact that ejected 2018 LA in an orbit towards Earth occurred 22.8 +/- 3.8 Ma ago. Zircons record a concordant U-Pb age of 4563 +/- 11 Ma and a consistent 207Pb/206Pb age of 4563 +/- 6 Ma. A much younger Pb-Pb phosphate resetting age of 4234 +/- 41 Ma was found. From this impact chronology, we discuss what is the possible source crater of Motopi Pan and the age of Vesta's Veneneia impact basin., Comment: Meteoritics & Planetary Science (2021)

Published
2021
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17. The Sari\c{c}i\c{c}ek howardite fall in Turkey: Source crater of HED meteorites on Vesta and impact risk of Vestoids

Author

Unsalan, Ozan, Jenniskens, Peter, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Kaygisiz, Ersin, Albers, Jim, Clark, David L., Granvik, Mikael, Demirkol, Iskender, Erdogan, Ibrahim Y., Bengu, Aydin S., Özel, Mehmet E., Terzioglu, Zahide, GI, Nayeob, Brown, Peter, Yalcinkaya, Esref, Temel, Tuğba, Prabhu, Dinesh K., Robertson, Darrel K., Boslough, Mark, Ostrowski, Daniel R., Kimberley, Jamie, ER, Selman, Rowland, Douglas J., Bryson, Kathryn L., Altunayar-Unsalan, Cisem, Ranguelov, Bogdan, Karamanov, Alexander, Tatchev, Dragomir, Kocahan, Özlem, Oshtrakh, Michael I., Maksimova, Alevtina A., Karabanalov, Maxim S., Verosub, Kenneth L., Levin, Emily, Uysal, Ibrahim, Hoffmann, Viktor, Hiroi, Takahiro, Reddy, Vishnu, Ildiz, Gulce O., Bolukbasi, Olcay, Zolensky, Michael E., Hochleitner, Rupert, Kaliwoda, Melanie, Öngen, Sinan, Fausto, Rui, Nogueira, Bernardo A., Chukin, Andrey V., Karashanova, Daniela, Semionkin, Vladimir A., Ş, Mehmet Ye Şilta, Glotch, Timothy, Yilmaz, Ayberk, Friedrich, Jon M., Sanborn, Matthew E., Huyskens, Magdalena, Ziegler, Karen, Williams, Curtis D., Schönbächler, Maria, Bauer, Kerstin, Meier, Matthias M. M., Maden, Colin, Busemann, Henner, Welten, Kees C., Caffee, Marc W., Laubenstein, Matthias, Zhou, Qin, Li, Qiu-Li, Li, Xian- Hua, Liu, Yu, Tang, Guo-Qiang, Sears, Derek W. G., McLain, Hannah L., Dworkin, Jason P., Elsila, Jamie E., Glavin, Daniel P., Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Ruf, Alexander, Corre, Lucille Le, and Schmedemann, Nico

Subjects
Astrophysics - Earth and Planetary Astrophysics
Abstract

The Sari\c{c}i\c{c}ek howardite meteorite shower consisting of 343 documented stones occurred on 2 September 2015 in Turkey and is the first documented howardite fall. Cosmogenic isotopes show that Sari\c{c}i\c{c}ek experienced a complex cosmic ray exposure history, exposed during ~12-14 Ma in a regolith near the surface of a parent asteroid, and that an ca.1 m sized meteoroid was launched by an impact 22 +/- 2 Ma ago to Earth (as did one third of all HED meteorites). SIMS dating of zircon and baddeleyite yielded 4550.4 +/- 2.5 Ma and 4553 +/- 8.8 Ma crystallization ages for the basaltic magma clasts. The apatite U-Pb age of 4525 +/- 17 Ma, K-Ar age of ~3.9 Ga, and the U,Th-He ages of 1.8 +/- 0.7 and 2.6 +/- 0.3 Ga are interpreted to represent thermal metamorphic and impact-related resetting ages, respectively. Petrographic, geochemical and O-, Cr- and Ti- isotopic studies confirm that Sari\c{c}i\c{c}ek belongs to the normal clan of HED meteorites. Petrographic observations and analysis of organic material indicate a small portion of carbonaceous chondrite material in the Sari\c{c}i\c{c}ek regolith and organic contamination of the meteorite after a few days on soil. Video observations of the fall show an atmospheric entry at 17.3 +/- 0.8 kms-1 from NW, fragmentations at 37, 33, 31 and 27 km altitude, and provide a pre-atmospheric orbit that is the first dynamical link between the normal HED meteorite clan and the inner Main Belt. Spectral data indicate the similarity of Sari\c{c}i\c{c}ek with the Vesta asteroid family spectra, a group of asteroids stretching to delivery resonances, which includes (4) Vesta. Dynamical modeling of meteoroid delivery to Earth shows that the disruption of a ca.1 km sized Vesta family asteroid or a ~10 km sized impact crater on Vesta is required to provide sufficient meteoroids <4 m in size to account for the influx of meteorites from this HED clan.

Published
2021
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19. Asthma-protective agents in dust from traditional farm environments

Author

Marques dos Santos, Mauricius, Pivniouk, Vadim, Rankl, Bettina, Walker, Alesia, Pagani, Giulia, Hertkorn, Norbert, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Müller, Christoph, Bracher, Franz, Merl-Pham, Juliane, Hauck, Stefanie M., Schloter, Michael, Michael, Ashley N., Anderson, Dayna, Honeker, Linnea, Gozdz, Justyna, Pivniouk, Oksana, Ober, Carole, Holbreich, Mark, Martinez, Fernando D., Snyder, Shane A., von Mutius, Erika, and Vercelli, Donata

Published
2023
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21. The fall, recovery, classification, and initial characterization of the Hamburg, Michigan H4 chondrite.

Author

Heck, Philipp R, Greer, Jennika, Boesenberg, Joseph S, Bouvier, Audrey, Caffee, Marc W, Cassata, William S, Corrigan, Catherine, Davis, Andrew M, Davis, Donald W, Fries, Marc, Hankey, Mike, Jenniskens, Peter, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Sheu, Shannon, Trappitsch, Reto, Velbel, Michael, Weller, Brandon, Welten, Kees, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Sanborn, Matthew E, Ziegler, Karen, Rowland, Douglas, Verosub, Kenneth L, Zhou, Qin, Liu, Yu, Tang, Guoqiang, Li, Qiuli, Li, Xianhua, and Zajacz, Zoltan

Subjects
Astronomical and Space Sciences, Geochemistry, Geology, Geochemistry & Geophysics
Abstract

The Hamburg meteorite fell on January 16, 2018, near Hamburg, Michigan, after a fireball event widely observed in the U.S. Midwest and in Ontario, Canada. Several fragments fell onto frozen surfaces of lakes and, thanks to weather radar data, were recovered days after the fall. The studied rock fragments show no or little signs of terrestrial weathering. Here, we present the initial results from an international consortium study to describe the fall, characterize the meteorite, and probe the collision history of Hamburg. About 1 kg of recovered meteorites was initially reported. Petrology, mineral chemistry, trace element and organic chemistry, and O and Cr isotopic compositions are characteristic of H4 chondrites. Cosmic ray exposure ages based on cosmogenic 3He, 21Ne, and 38Ar are ~12 Ma, and roughly agree with each other. Noble gas data as well as the cosmogenic 10Be concentration point to a small 40-60 cm diameter meteoroid. An 40Ar-39Ar age of 4532 ± 24 Ma indicates no major impact event occurring later in its evolutionary history, consistent with data of other H4 chondrites. Microanalyses of phosphates with LA-ICPMS give an average Pb-Pb age of 4549 ± 36 Ma. This is in good agreement with the average SIMS Pb-Pb phosphate age of 4535.3 ± 9.5 Ma and U-Pb Concordia age of 4535 ± 10 Ma. The weighted average age of 4541.6 ± 9.5 Ma reflects the metamorphic phosphate crystallization age after parent body formation in the early solar system.

Published
2020

23. Optimization of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance based Metabolomics workflows for human large cohort analysis

Author

Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe (Prof. Dr.), Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe (Prof. Dr.);Strittmatter, Nicole (Prof. Dr.), Haslauer, Kristina Elisa, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe (Prof. Dr.), Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe (Prof. Dr.);Strittmatter, Nicole (Prof. Dr.), and Haslauer, Kristina Elisa

Abstract

The human organism has a complex metabolome, which is defined as the totality of all metabolites of an organism or tissue. Since the metabolome is directly associated with the observable phenotype, the systematic study of the metabolome contains a potentially high information content. In order to make this information usable, all steps of analysis must be optimal. The aim of this work was to systematically investigate the preanalytics and data processing and to develop improved methods., Der menschliche Organismus verfügt über ein komplexes Metabolom, das als die Gesamtheit aller Metaboliten eines Organismus oder Gewebes definiert ist. Da das Metabolom in direktem Zusammenhang mit dem beobachtbaren Phänotyp steht, enthält die systematische Untersuchung des Metaboloms einen potenziell hohen Informationsgehalt. Um diese Informationen nutzbar zu machen, müssen alle Analyseschritte optimal sein. Ziel dieser Arbeit war es, die Präanalytik und Datenverarbeitung systematisch zu untersuchen und verbesserte Methoden zu entwickeln.

Published
2024

24. Kapillarelektrophorese

Author

Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Scriba, Gerhard K. E., Kurreck, Jens, editor, Engels, Joachim W., editor, and Lottspeich, Friedrich, editor

Published
2022
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32. Yellowstone Hot Springs are Organic Chemodiversity Hot Spots.

Author

Gonsior, Michael, Hertkorn, Norbert, Hinman, Nancy, Dvorski, Sabine E-M, Harir, Mourad, Cooper, William J, and Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe

Abstract

Yellowstone National Park hydrothermal springs were investigated according to their organic geochemistry with a special focus on the Yellowstone hot spring dissolved organic matter (YDOM) that was solid-phase extracted. Here we show that YDOM has a unique chemodiversity that has not yet been observed anywhere else in aquatic surface environments and that Yellowstone hot springs are organic chemodiversity hot spots. Four main geochemically classified hot spring types (alkaline-chloride, mixed alkaline-chloride, acid-chloride-sulfate and travertine-precipitating) exhibited distinct organic molecular signatures that correlated remarkably well with the known inorganic geochemistry and manifested themselves in excitation emission matrix fluorescence, nuclear magnetic resonance, and ultrahigh resolution mass spectra. YDOM contained thousands of molecular formulas unique to Yellowstone of which 80% contained sulfur, even in low hydrogen sulfide containing alkaline-chloride springs. This unique YDOM reflects the extreme organic geochemistry present in the hydrothermal features of Yellowstone National Park.

Published
2018

33. Transitory microbial habitat in the hyperarid Atacama Desert

Author

Schulze-Makuch, Dirk, Wagner, Dirk, Kounaves, Samuel P, Mangelsdorf, Kai, Devine, Kevin G, de Vera, Jean-Pierre, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Grossart, Hans-Peter, Parro, Victor, Kaupenjohann, Martin, Galy, Albert, Schneider, Beate, Airo, Alessandro, Frösler, Jan, Davila, Alfonso F, Arens, Felix L, Cáceres, Luis, Cornejo, Francisco Solís, Carrizo, Daniel, Dartnell, Lewis, DiRuggiero, Jocelyne, Flury, Markus, Ganzert, Lars, Gessner, Mark O, Grathwohl, Peter, Guan, Lisa, Heinz, Jacob, Hess, Matthias, Keppler, Frank, Maus, Deborah, McKay, Christopher P, Meckenstock, Rainer U, Montgomery, Wren, Oberlin, Elizabeth A, Probst, Alexander J, Sáenz, Johan S, Sattler, Tobias, Schirmack, Janosch, Sephton, Mark A, Schloter, Michael, Uhl, Jenny, Valenzuela, Bernardita, Vestergaard, Gisle, Wörmer, Lars, and Zamorano, Pedro

Subjects
Bacteria, Biodiversity, Desert Climate, Ecosystem, Soil, Soil Microbiology, South America, habitat, aridity, microbial activity, biomarker, Mars
Abstract

Traces of life are nearly ubiquitous on Earth. However, a central unresolved question is whether these traces always indicate an active microbial community or whether, in extreme environments, such as hyperarid deserts, they instead reflect just dormant or dead cells. Although microbial biomass and diversity decrease with increasing aridity in the Atacama Desert, we provide multiple lines of evidence for the presence of an at times metabolically active, microbial community in one of the driest places on Earth. We base this observation on four major lines of evidence: (i) a physico-chemical characterization of the soil habitability after an exceptional rain event, (ii) identified biomolecules indicative of potentially active cells [e.g., presence of ATP, phospholipid fatty acids (PLFAs), metabolites, and enzymatic activity], (iii) measurements of in situ replication rates of genomes of uncultivated bacteria reconstructed from selected samples, and (iv) microbial community patterns specific to soil parameters and depths. We infer that the microbial populations have undergone selection and adaptation in response to their specific soil microenvironment and in particular to the degree of aridity. Collectively, our results highlight that even the hyperarid Atacama Desert can provide a habitable environment for microorganisms that allows them to become metabolically active following an episodic increase in moisture and that once it decreases, so does the activity of the microbiota. These results have implications for the prospect of life on other planets such as Mars, which has transitioned from an earlier wetter environment to today's extreme hyperaridity.

Published
2018

34. Microbial regulation of hexokinase 2 links mitochondrial metabolism and cell death in colitis

Author

Hinrichsen, Finn, Hamm, Jacob, Westermann, Magdalena, Schröder, Lena, Shima, Kensuke, Mishra, Neha, Walker, Alesia, Sommer, Nina, Klischies, Kenneth, Prasse, Daniela, Zimmermann, Johannes, Kaiser, Sina, Bordoni, Dora, Fazio, Antonella, Marinos, Georgios, Laue, Georg, Imm, Simon, Tremaroli, Valentina, Basic, Marijana, Häsler, Robert, Schmitz, Ruth A., Krautwald, Stefan, Wolf, Andrea, Stecher, Bärbel, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Kaleta, Christoph, Rupp, Jan, Bäckhed, Fredrik, Rosenstiel, Philip, and Sommer, Felix

Published
2021
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35. Molecular Diversity and Amino Acid Evolution in Simulated Carbonaceous Chondrite Parent Bodies

Author

Garcia, Adeline, primary, Yan, Yingfei, additional, Meinert, Cornelia, additional, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, additional, Vinogradoff, Vassilissa, additional, Viennet, Jean-Christophe, additional, Remusat, Laurent, additional, Bernard, Sylvain, additional, Righezza, Michel, additional, Le Sergeant d’Hendecourt, Louis, additional, and Danger, Grégoire, additional

Published
2024
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36. Increased levels of a mycophenolic acid metabolite in patients with kidney failure negatively affect cardiomyocyte health

Author

Harlacher, Eva, primary, Schulte, Corinna, additional, Vondenhoff, Sonja, additional, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, additional, Diederich, Philippe, additional, Hemmers, Christian, additional, Moellmann, Julia, additional, Wollenhaupt, Julia, additional, Veltrop, Rogier, additional, Biessen, Erik, additional, Lehrke, Michael, additional, Peters, Björn, additional, Schlieper, Georg, additional, Kuppe, Christoph, additional, Floege, Jürgen, additional, Jankowski, Vera, additional, Marx, Nikolaus, additional, Jankowski, Joachim, additional, and Noels, Heidi, additional

Published
2024
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41. Impact of Dietary Resistant Starch on the Human Gut Microbiome, Metaproteome, and Metabolome.

Author

Maier, Tanja V, Lucio, Marianna, Lee, Lang Ho, VerBerkmoes, Nathan C, Brislawn, Colin J, Bernhardt, Jörg, Lamendella, Regina, McDermott, Jason E, Bergeron, Nathalie, Heinzmann, Silke S, Morton, James T, González, Antonio, Ackermann, Gail, Knight, Rob, Riedel, Katharina, Krauss, Ronald M, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, and Jansson, Janet K

Subjects
Humans, Bacteria, Starch, Proteome, DNA, Bacterial, DNA, Ribosomal, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Diet, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Proteomics, Metabolomics, Metabolome, Microbiota, Gastrointestinal Microbiome, gut microbiome, human microbiome, multiomics, resistant starch, Nutrition, 1.1 Normal biological development and functioning, Oral and gastrointestinal, Metabolic and endocrine, Microbiology
Abstract

Diet can influence the composition of the human microbiome, and yet relatively few dietary ingredients have been systematically investigated with respect to their impact on the functional potential of the microbiome. Dietary resistant starch (RS) has been shown to have health benefits, but we lack a mechanistic understanding of the metabolic processes that occur in the gut during digestion of RS. Here, we collected samples during a dietary crossover study with diets containing large or small amounts of RS. We determined the impact of RS on the gut microbiome and metabolic pathways in the gut, using a combination of "omics" approaches, including 16S rRNA gene sequencing, metaproteomics, and metabolomics. This multiomics approach captured changes in the abundance of specific bacterial species, proteins, and metabolites after a diet high in resistant starch (HRS), providing key insights into the influence of dietary interventions on the gut microbiome. The combined data showed that a high-RS diet caused an increase in the ratio of Firmicutes to Bacteroidetes, including increases in relative abundances of some specific members of the Firmicutes and concurrent increases in enzymatic pathways and metabolites involved in lipid metabolism in the gut.IMPORTANCE This work was undertaken to obtain a mechanistic understanding of the complex interplay between diet and the microorganisms residing in the intestine. Although it is known that gut microbes play a key role in digestion of the food that we consume, the specific contributions of different microorganisms are not well understood. In addition, the metabolic pathways and resultant products of metabolism during digestion are highly complex. To address these knowledge gaps, we used a combination of molecular approaches to determine the identities of the microorganisms in the gut during digestion of dietary starch as well as the metabolic pathways that they carry out. Together, these data provide a more complete picture of the function of the gut microbiome in digestion, including links between an RS diet and lipid metabolism and novel linkages between specific gut microbes and their metabolites and proteins produced in the gut.

Published
2017

42. Previously unknown class of metalorganic compounds revealed in meteorites

Author

Ruf, Alexander, Kanawati, Basem, Hertkorn, Norbert, Yin, Qing-Zhu, Moritz, Franco, Harir, Mourad, Lucio, Marianna, Michalke, Bernhard, Wimpenny, Joshua, Shilobreeva, Svetlana, Bronsky, Basil, Saraykin, Vladimir, Gabelica, Zelimir, Gougeon, Régis D, Quirico, Eric, Ralew, Stefan, Jakubowski, Tomasz, Haack, Henning, Gonsior, Michael, Jenniskens, Peter, Hinman, Nancy W, and Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe

Subjects
Earth Sciences, Physical Sciences, Space Sciences, Geology, metalorganic chemistry, meteorites, astrochemistry, Fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, organic evolution
Abstract

The rich diversity and complexity of organic matter found in meteorites is rapidly expanding our knowledge and understanding of extreme environments from which the early solar system emerged and evolved. Here, we report the discovery of a hitherto unknown chemical class, dihydroxymagnesium carboxylates [(OH)2MgO2CR]-, in meteoritic soluble organic matter. High collision energies, which are required for fragmentation, suggest substantial thermal stability of these Mg-metalorganics (CHOMg compounds). This was corroborated by their higher abundance in thermally processed meteorites. CHOMg compounds were found to be present in a set of 61 meteorites of diverse petrological classes. The appearance of this CHOMg chemical class extends the previously investigated, diverse set of CHNOS molecules. A connection between the evolution of organic compounds and minerals is made, as Mg released from minerals gets trapped into organic compounds. These CHOMg metalorganic compounds and their relation to thermal processing in meteorites might shed new light on our understanding of carbon speciation at a molecular level in meteorite parent bodies.

Published
2017

43. The old, unique C1 chondrite Flensburg – Insight into the first processes of aqueous alteration, brecciation, and the diversity of water-bearing parent bodies and lithologies

Author

Bischoff, Addi, Alexander, Conel M. O'D., Barrat, Jean-Alix, Burkhardt, Christoph, Busemann, Henner, Degering, Detlev, Di Rocco, Tommaso, Fischer, Meike, Fockenberg, Thomas, Foustoukos, Dionysis I., Gattacceca, Jérôme, Godinho, Jose R.A., Harries, Dennis, Heinlein, Dieter, Hellmann, Jan L., Hertkorn, Norbert, Holm, Anja, Jull, A.J. Timothy, Kerraouch, Imene, King, Ashley J., Kleine, Thorsten, Koll, Dominik, Lachner, Johannes, Ludwig, Thomas, Merchel, Silke, Mertens, Cornelia A.K., Morino, Précillia, Neumann, Wladimir, Pack, Andreas, Patzek, Markus, Pavetich, Stefan, Reitze, Maximilian P., Rüfenacht, Miriam, Rugel, Georg, Schmidt, Charlotte, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Schönbächler, Maria, Trieloff, Mario, Wallner, Anton, Wimmer, Karl, and Wölfer, Elias

Published
2021
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46. Emerging investigator series: preferential adsorption and coprecipitation of permafrost organic matter with poorly crystalline iron minerals.

Author

Voggenreiter, Eva, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Arrigo, Laurel Thomas, Bryce, Casey, Kappler, Andreas, and Joshi, Prachi

Abstract

Future permafrost thaw will likely lead to substantial release of greenhouse gases due to thawing of previously unavailable organic carbon (OC). Accurate predictions of this release are limited by poor knowledge of the bioavailability of mobilized OC during thaw. Organic carbon bioavailability decreases due to adsorption to, or coprecipitation with, poorly crystalline ferric iron (Fe(III)) (oxyhydr)oxide minerals but the maximum binding extent and binding selectivity of permafrost OC to these minerals is unknown. We therefore utilized water-extractable organic matter (WEOM) from soils across a permafrost thaw gradient to quantify adsorption and coprecipitation processes with poorly crystalline Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides. We found that the maximum adsorption capacity of WEOM from intact and partly thawed permafrost soils was similar (204 and 226 mg C g-1 ferrihydrite, respectively) but decreased to 81 mg C g-1 ferrihydrite for WEOM from the fully thawed site. In comparison, coprecipitation of WEOM from intact and partly thawed soils with Fe immobilized up to 925 and 1532 mg C g-1 Fe respectively due to formation of precipitated Fe(III)-OC phases. Analysis of the OC composition before and after adsorption/coprecipitation revealed that high molecular weight, oxygen-rich, carboxylic- and aromatic-rich OC was preferentially bound to Fe(III) minerals relative to low molecular weight, aliphatic-rich compounds which may be more bioavailable. This selective binding effect was stronger after adsorption than coprecipitation. Our results suggest that OC binding by Fe(III) (oxyhydr)oxides sharply decreases under fully thawed conditions and that small, aliphatic OC molecules that may be readily bioavailable are less protected across all thaw stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Alkaloids from the Sponge Stylissa carteri Present Prospective Scaffolds for the Inhibition of Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 (HIV-1).

Author

O'Rourke, Aubrie, Kremb, Stephan, Bader, Theresa Maria, Helfer, Markus, Schmitt-Kopplin, Philippe, Gerwick, William H, Brack-Werner, Ruth, and Voolstra, Christian R

Subjects
Animals, Humans, Porifera, HIV-1, HIV Infections, Alkaloids, Anti-HIV Agents, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Virus Replication, Cell Survival, Mass Spectrometry, HIV Reverse Transcriptase, Secondary Metabolism, Red Sea, Stylissa carteri, marine bioprospecting, reverse transcriptase, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Physical Chemistry (incl. Structural), Pharmacology and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Medicinal & Biomolecular Chemistry
Abstract

The sponge Stylissa carteri is known to produce a number of secondary metabolites displaying anti-fouling, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer activity. However, the anti-viral potential of metabolites produced by S. carteri has not been extensively explored. In this study, an S. carteri extract was HPLC fractionated and a cell based assay was used to evaluate the effects of HPLC fractions on parameters of Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV-1) infection and cell viability. Candidate HIV-1 inhibitory fractions were then analyzed for the presence of potential HIV-1 inhibitory compounds by mass spectrometry, leading to the identification of three previously characterized compounds, i.e., debromohymenialdisine (DBH), hymenialdisine (HD), and oroidin. Commercially available purified versions of these molecules were re-tested to assess their antiviral potential in greater detail. Specifically, DBH and HD exhibit a 30%-40% inhibition of HIV-1 at 3.1 μM and 13 μM, respectively; however, both exhibited cytotoxicity. Conversely, oroidin displayed a 50% inhibition of viral replication at 50 μM with no associated toxicity. Additional experimentation using a biochemical assay revealed that oroidin inhibited the activity of the HIV-1 Reverse Transcriptase up to 90% at 25 μM. Taken together, the chemical search space was narrowed and previously isolated compounds with an unexplored anti-viral potential were found. Our results support exploration of marine natural products for anti-viral drug discovery.

Published
2016

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