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The effects of Problem Solving (Taymans & Parese, 1998) are compared across small diversion and prison samples tot men and women. A second program, Pathfinders (Hansen, 1993), was compared to the Problem Solving program among incarcerated women offenders to determine whether its focus upon empowerment and relationships enhanced the effects of the more generic program. Problem Solving participants in three of the four settings achieved significantly fewer correctional misconducts than comparisons. These reductions were found for both men and women. No effects were detected on measures pertaining to conflict and work. Pathfinders did not augment the effects of Problem Solving for incarcerated women offenders, but it did significantly reduce their depression (CESD) scores over time. Problem Solving significantly reduced depression scores for all but the incarcerated women's group. KEYWORDS Cognitive behavioral, women offenders, men offenders, Pathfinders, Problem Solving, correctional rehabilitation

The authors report the development of the Religious Commitment Inventory--10 (RCI-10), used in 6 studies. Sample sizes were 155, 132, and 150 college students; 240 Christian church-attending married adults; 468 undergraduates including (among others) Buddhists (n = 52), Muslims (n = 12), Hindus (n = 10), and nonreligious (n = 117); and 217 clients and 52 counselors in a secular or 1 of 6 religious counseling agencies. Scores on the RCI-10 had strong estimated internal consistency, 3-week and 5-month test--retest reliability, construct validity, and discriminant validity. Exploratory (Study 1) and confirmatory (Studies 4 and 6) factor analyses identified 2 highly correlated factors, suggesting a 1-factor structure as most parsimonious. Religious commitment predicted response to an imagined robbery (Study 2), marriage (Study 4), and counseling (Study 6).