9 results on '"Schmiedel Y"'
Search Results
2. Accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adult patients: a retrospective cohort study.
- Author
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Kaswala, C, Schmiedel, Y, Kundu, D, George, MM, Dayanand, D, Devasagayam, E, S, AM, Kumar, SS, Michael, JS, Ninan, MM, Chacko, G, Zachariah, A, Sathyendra, S, Hansdak, SG, Iyadurai, R, Christopher, DJ, Gupta, R, Karthik, R, Abraham, OC, Varghese, GM, Kaswala, C, Schmiedel, Y, Kundu, D, George, MM, Dayanand, D, Devasagayam, E, S, AM, Kumar, SS, Michael, JS, Ninan, MM, Chacko, G, Zachariah, A, Sathyendra, S, Hansdak, SG, Iyadurai, R, Christopher, DJ, Gupta, R, Karthik, R, Abraham, OC, and Varghese, GM
- Abstract
OBJECTIVES: The value of the "trace" result in Xpert Ultra for diagnosing active tuberculosis (TB) remains unclear. Our study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) over Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) and mycobacterial culture when compared with a composite reference standard (CRS). METHODS: A retrospective single-center observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Over three months, patients (aged ≥15 years) data on Xpert Ultra tests and mycobacterial culture of pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples were extracted from their electronic medical records. Patients were defined as TB cases based on the CRS criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of diagnostic tests were calculated by comparing them to the CRS. RESULTS: Xpert Ultra was more sensitive (87.8%) than Xpert (72.1%) and culture (44.1%). The specificity of Xpert Ultra was lower (98.1%) than those of Xpert (100%) and culture (100%). The sensitivity (92%) and specificity (100%) of Xpert Ultra were highest when performed on pus samples. CONCLUSIONS: Xpert Ultra with the trace category is superior to the conventional Xpert, and mycobacterial culture in identifying TB.
- Published
- 2022
3. Common invasive fungal diseases: an overview of invasive candidiasis, aspergillosis, cryptococcosis, and Pneumocystis pneumonia
- Author
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Schmiedel, Y, primary and Zimmerli, S, additional
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Prevalence of infectious diseases, immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases and chronic medical conditions among Ukrainian refugees in Germany - A cross sectional study from the German Network University Medicine (NUM).
- Author
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Brinkmann F, Friedrichs A, Behrens GM, Behrens P, Berner R, Caliebe A, Denkinger CM, Giesbrecht K, Gussew A, Hoffmann AT, Hojenski L, Hovardovska O, Dopfer-Jablonka A, Kaasch AJ, Kobbe R, Kraus M, Lindner A, Maier C, Mitrov L, Nauck M, de Miranda SN, Scherer M, Schmiedel Y, Stahl D, Timmesfeld N, Toepfner N, Vehreschild J, Wohlgemuth WA, Petersmann A, and Vehreschild MJGT
- Subjects
- Adolescent, Adult, Child, Female, Humans, Male, Cross-Sectional Studies, Germany epidemiology, Prevalence, Universities, Communicable Diseases epidemiology, Eastern European People, Refugees, Tuberculosis epidemiology, Tuberculosis prevention & control, Vaccine-Preventable Diseases
- Abstract
Background: Vulnerability to infectious diseases in refugees is dependent on country of origin, flight routes, and conditions. Information on specific medical needs of different groups of refugees is lacking. We assessed the prevalence of infectious diseases, immunity to vaccine-preventable diseases, and chronic medical conditions in children, adolescents, and adult refugees from Ukraine who arrived in Germany in 2022., Methods: Using different media, we recruited Ukrainian refugees at 13 sites between 9-12/2022. An antigen test for acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus type 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection, serologies for a range of vaccine-preventable diseases, as well as interferon gamma release assays (IGRAs) for tuberculosis (TB), and SARS-CoV-2 were performed. We assessed personal and family history of chronic medical conditions, infectious diseases, vaccination status, and conditions during migration., Results: Overall, 1793 refugees (1401 adults and 392 children/adolescents) were included. Most participants were females (n = 1307; 72·3%) and from Eastern or Southern Ukraine. TB IGRA was positive in 13% (n = 184) of the adults and in 2% (n = 7) of the children. Serology-based immunological response was insufficient in approximately 21% (360/1793) of the participants for measles, 32% (572/1793) for diphtheria, and 74% (1289/1793) for hepatitis B., Conclusions: We show evidence of low serological response to vaccine-preventable infections and increased LTBI prevalence in Ukrainian refugees. These findings should be integrated into guidelines for screening and treatment of infectious diseases in migrants and refugees in Germany and Europe. Furthermore, low immunity for vaccine-preventable diseases in Ukrainians independent of their refugee status, calls for tailor-made communication efforts., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors have no conflicts of interest., (Copyright © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. Accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra for the diagnosis of tuberculosis in adult patients: a retrospective cohort study.
- Author
-
Kaswala C, Schmiedel Y, Kundu D, George MM, Dayanand D, Devasagayam E, S AM, Kumar SS, Michael JS, Ninan MM, Chacko G, Zachariah A, Sathyendra S, Hansdak SG, Iyadurai R, Christopher DJ, Gupta R, Karthik R, Abraham OC, and Varghese GM
- Subjects
- Adult, Humans, Retrospective Studies, Rifampin pharmacology, Sensitivity and Specificity, Sputum microbiology, Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics, Tuberculosis diagnosis
- Abstract
Objectives: The value of the "trace" result in Xpert Ultra for diagnosing active tuberculosis (TB) remains unclear. Our study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of Xpert MTB/RIF Ultra (Xpert Ultra) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) over Xpert MTB/RIF (Xpert) (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, USA) and mycobacterial culture when compared with a composite reference standard (CRS)., Methods: A retrospective single-center observational study was conducted in a tertiary care hospital in South India. Over three months, patients (aged ≥15 years) data on Xpert Ultra tests and mycobacterial culture of pulmonary and extrapulmonary samples were extracted from their electronic medical records. Patients were defined as TB cases based on the CRS criteria. Sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values of diagnostic tests were calculated by comparing them to the CRS., Results: Xpert Ultra was more sensitive (87.8%) than Xpert (72.1%) and culture (44.1%). The specificity of Xpert Ultra was lower (98.1%) than those of Xpert (100%) and culture (100%). The sensitivity (92%) and specificity (100%) of Xpert Ultra were highest when performed on pus samples., Conclusions: Xpert Ultra with the trace category is superior to the conventional Xpert, and mycobacterial culture in identifying TB., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest The authors have no competing interests to declare., (Copyright © 2022 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd.. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
6. [Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus : 15 years of molecular epidemiology in Western Switzerland].
- Author
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Blanc DS, Grandbastien B, Bally F, Lienhard R, Tritten ML, Clerc O, Fracheboud D, Pfister S, Chuard C, Burr M, Schmiedel Y, Liassine N, Jost G, Togni G, Di Lorenzo V, Jayol A, Prod'hom G, Greub G, and Senn L
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, Anti-Bacterial Agents therapeutic use, Humans, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Molecular Epidemiology, Switzerland epidemiology, Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus genetics, Staphylococcal Infections drug therapy, Staphylococcal Infections epidemiology
- Abstract
Since the introduction of antibiotics, successive waves of Staphylococcus aureus clones occurred, each one having characteristic susceptibility pattern to antibiotics and virulence factors. We report here the results of a molecular epidemiological surveillance of methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in French-speaking Switzerland between 2006 and 2020 showing the emergence and disappearance of clones known for their international dissemination, and the sporadic appearance of other international clones. Since 2012, a marked decrease in the incidence of cases attributable to the biology of the clones and to the control measures taken in the hospitals has been observed. These results highlight the importance of continuous surveillance in order to better assess the burden of this multi-resistant pathogen in our region., Competing Interests: Les auteurs n’ont déclaré aucun conflit d’intérêts en relation avec cet article.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Providing care to patients in contact isolation: is the systematic use of gloves still indicated?
- Author
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Bellini C, Eder M, Senn L, Sommerstein R, Vuichard-Gysin D, Schmiedel Y, Schlegel M, Harbarth S, and Troillet N
- Subjects
- Gloves, Protective, Guideline Adherence, Health Personnel, Humans, Infection Control, Cross Infection prevention & control, Hand Hygiene
- Abstract
This article reviews the available evidence on the effectiveness of gloves in preventing infection during care provided to patients under contact precautions, and analyses the risks and benefits of their systematic use. Although hand hygiene with alcohol-based handrub was shown to be effective in preventing nosocomial infections, many publications put the effectiveness and usefulness of gloves into perspective. Instead, literature and various unpublished experiences point towards reduced hand hygiene compliance and increased risk of spreading pathogens with routine glove use. Therefore, hospitals should emphasise hand hygiene in their healthcare staff and, instead of the routine use of gloves when caring for patients under contact precautions, limit their use to the indications of standard precautions, i.e., mainly for contact with body fluids. Wide and easy access to alcohol-based handrub and continual teaching are essential. If such conditions are met and adherence to hand hygiene is excellent and regularly assessed, the routine use of gloves for patients under contact precautions seems no longer indicated.
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. Autochthonous Case of Pulmonary Histoplasmosis, Switzerland.
- Author
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Schmiedel Y, Büchi AE, Berezowska S, Pöllinger A, Mühlethaler K, and Funke-Chambour M
- Subjects
- Europe, Histoplasma, Humans, Male, Switzerland, Histoplasmosis, Lung Diseases, Fungal
- Abstract
In Europe, pulmonary histoplasmosis is rarely diagnosed except in travelers. We report a probable autochthonous case of severe chronic pulmonary histoplasmosis in an immunocompetent man in Switzerland without travel history outside of Europe. Diagnosis was achieved by histopathology, fungal culture, and serology, but the source of the infection remains speculative.
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ Regulatory T Cells and Cytokine Responses in Human Schistosomiasis before and after Treatment with Praziquantel.
- Author
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Schmiedel Y, Mombo-Ngoma G, Labuda LA, Janse JJ, de Gier B, Adegnika AA, Issifou S, Kremsner PG, Smits HH, and Yazdanbakhsh M
- Subjects
- Adolescent, CD4 Antigens immunology, Child, Cohort Studies, Female, Forkhead Transcription Factors immunology, Humans, Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit immunology, Longitudinal Studies, Male, Peptide Fragments immunology, Schistosomiasis haematobia immunology, Schistosomiasis haematobia metabolism, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory immunology, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory metabolism, Anthelmintics therapeutic use, Cytokines metabolism, Gene Expression Regulation physiology, Praziquantel therapeutic use, Schistosomiasis haematobia drug therapy, T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory classification
- Abstract
Background: Chronic schistosomiasis is associated with T cell hypo-responsiveness and immunoregulatory mechanisms, including induction of regulatory T cells (Tregs). However, little is known about Treg functional capacity during human Schistosoma haematobium infection., Methodology: CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+ cells were characterized by flow cytometry and their function assessed by analysing total and Treg-depleted PBMC responses to schistosomal adult worm antigen (AWA), soluable egg antigen (SEA) and Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) in S. haematobium-infected Gabonese children before and 6 weeks after anthelmintic treatment. Cytokines responses (IFN-γ, IL-5, IL-10, IL-13, IL-17 and TNF) were integrated using Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Proliferation was measured by CFSE., Principal Findings: S. haematobium infection was associated with increased Treg frequencies, which decreased post-treatment. Cytokine responses clustered into two principal components reflecting regulatory and Th2-polarized (PC1) and pro-inflammatory and Th1-polarized (PC2) cytokine responses; both components increased post-treatment. Treg depletion resulted in increased PC1 and PC2 at both time-points. Proliferation on the other hand, showed no significant difference from pre- to post-treatment. Treg depletion resulted mostly in increased proliferative responses at the pre-treatment time-point only., Conclusions: Schistosoma-associated CD4+CD25hiFOXP3+Tregs exert a suppressive effect on both proliferation and cytokine production. Although Treg frequency decreases after praziquantel treatment, their suppressive capacity remains unaltered when considering cytokine production whereas their influence on proliferation weakens with treatment.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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