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4. AllergoOncology: Danger signals in Allergology and Oncology. A European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Position Paper

Author

Bergmann, C, Poli, A, Agache, I, Bianchini, R, Bax, H J, Castells, M, Crescioli, S, Dombrowicz, D, Ferastraoaru, D, Fiebiger, E, Gould, H J, Hartmann, K, Izquierdo, E, Jordakieva, G, Josephs, D H, Jutel, M, Levi-Schaffer, F, de Las Vecillas, L, Lotze, M T, Osborn, G, Pascal, M, Redegeld, F, Rosenstreich, D, Roth-Walter, F, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Shamji, M, Steveling, E H, Turner, M C, Untersmayr, E, Jensen-Jarolim, E, Karagiannis, S N, Bergmann, C, Poli, A, Agache, I, Bianchini, R, Bax, H J, Castells, M, Crescioli, S, Dombrowicz, D, Ferastraoaru, D, Fiebiger, E, Gould, H J, Hartmann, K, Izquierdo, E, Jordakieva, G, Josephs, D H, Jutel, M, Levi-Schaffer, F, de Las Vecillas, L, Lotze, M T, Osborn, G, Pascal, M, Redegeld, F, Rosenstreich, D, Roth-Walter, F, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Shamji, M, Steveling, E H, Turner, M C, Untersmayr, E, Jensen-Jarolim, E, and Karagiannis, S N

Abstract

The immune system interacts with many nominal ‘danger’ signals, endogenous danger-associated (DAMP), exogenous pathogen (PAMP) and allergen (AAMP)-associated molecular patterns. The immune context under which these are received can promote or prevent immune activating or inflammatory mechanisms and may orchestrate diverse immune responses in allergy and cancer. Each can act either by favouring a respective pathology or by supporting the immune response to confer protective effects, depending on acuity or chronicity. In this Position Paper under the collective term danger signals or DAMPs, PAMPs and AAMPs, we consider their diverse roles in allergy and cancer and the connection between these in AllergoOncology. We focus on their interactions with different immune cells of the innate and adaptive immune system and how these promote immune responses with juxtaposing clinical outcomes in allergy and cancer. While danger signals present potential targets to overcome inflammatory responses in allergy, these may be reconsidered in relation to a history of allergy, chronic inflammation and autoimmunity linked to the risk of developing cancer, and with regard to clinical responses to anti-cancer immune and targeted therapies. Cross-disciplinary insights in AllergoOncology derived from dissecting clinical phenotypes of common danger signal pathways may improve allergy and cancer clinical outcomes.

Published
2022

5. AllergoOncology: Danger signals in Allergology and Oncology. A European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) Position Paper

Author

Afd Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Bergmann, C, Poli, A, Agache, I, Bianchini, R, Bax, H J, Castells, M, Crescioli, S, Dombrowicz, D, Ferastraoaru, D, Fiebiger, E, Gould, H J, Hartmann, K, Izquierdo, E, Jordakieva, G, Josephs, D H, Jutel, M, Levi-Schaffer, F, de Las Vecillas, L, Lotze, M T, Osborn, G, Pascal, M, Redegeld, F, Rosenstreich, D, Roth-Walter, F, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Shamji, M, Steveling, E H, Turner, M C, Untersmayr, E, Jensen-Jarolim, E, Karagiannis, S N, Afd Pharmacology, Pharmacology, Bergmann, C, Poli, A, Agache, I, Bianchini, R, Bax, H J, Castells, M, Crescioli, S, Dombrowicz, D, Ferastraoaru, D, Fiebiger, E, Gould, H J, Hartmann, K, Izquierdo, E, Jordakieva, G, Josephs, D H, Jutel, M, Levi-Schaffer, F, de Las Vecillas, L, Lotze, M T, Osborn, G, Pascal, M, Redegeld, F, Rosenstreich, D, Roth-Walter, F, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Shamji, M, Steveling, E H, Turner, M C, Untersmayr, E, Jensen-Jarolim, E, and Karagiannis, S N

Published
2022

9. Immunology of COVID‐19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives – a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)

Author

European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Research Foundation - Flanders, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Fondazione Telethon, Ministero della Salute, Comunidad de Madrid, German Research Foundation, European Commission, Sokolowska, Milena [0000-0001-9710-6685], Agache, Ioana [0000-0001-7994-364X], Akdis, Cezmi A. [0000-0001-8020-019X], Akdis, Mubeccel [0000-0003-0554-9943], Barcik, Weronika [0000-0001-8580-9690], Brough, Helen [0000-0001-7203-0813], Eiwegger, Thomas [0000-0002-2914-7829], Eliaszewicz, Andrzej [0000-0002-8980-1474], Feleszko, Wojciech [0000-0001-6613-2012], Gómez-Casado, C. [0000-0002-7707-6367], Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin [0000-0002-8830-058X], Janda, Jozef [0000-0001-9958-5683], Jiménez Saiz, Rodrigo [0000-0002-0606-3251], Knol, Edward [0000-0001-7368-9820], Krohn, Kortekaas [0000-0003-3649-1131], Kothari, Akash [0000-0003-1980-161X], Moniuszko, Marcin [0000-0001-7183-3120], Morita, Hideaki [0000-0003-0928-8322], Nadeau, Kari C. [0000-0002-2146-2955], Ozdemir, Cevdet [0000-0002-9284-4520], Pali-Schöll, Isabella [0000-0003-2089-6011], Palomares, O. [0000-0003-4516-0369], Papaleo, Francesco [0000-0002-6326-0657], Prunicki, Mary [0000-0002-5511-8896], Schmidt-Weber, C. B. [0000-0002-3203-8084], Schwarze, Jürgen [0000-0002-6899-748X], Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien [0000-0002-0228-5375], Veen, Willem van de [0000-0001-9951-6688], Untersmayr, Eva [0000-0002-1963-499X], Sokolowska, Milena, Lukasik, Z., Agache, Ioana, Akdis, Cezmi A., Akdis, D., Akdis, Mubeccel, Barcik, Weronika, Brough, Helen, Eiwegger, Thomas, Eliaszewicz, Andrzej, Eyerich, Stephanie, Feleszko, Wojciech, Gómez-Casado, C., Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin, Janda, Jozef, Jiménez Saiz, Rodrigo, Jutel, Marek, Knol, Edward, Krohn, Kortekaas, Kothari, Akash, Makowska, J., Moniuszko, Marcin, Morita, Hideaki, O’Mahony, L., Nadeau, Kari C., Ozdemir, Cevdet, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palomares, O., Papaleo, Francesco, Prunicki, Mary, Schmidt-Weber, C. B., Sediva, A., Schwarze, Jürgen, Shamji, M. H., Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien, Veen, Willem van de, Untersmayr, Eva, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Research Foundation - Flanders, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Fondazione Telethon, Ministero della Salute, Comunidad de Madrid, German Research Foundation, European Commission, Sokolowska, Milena [0000-0001-9710-6685], Agache, Ioana [0000-0001-7994-364X], Akdis, Cezmi A. [0000-0001-8020-019X], Akdis, Mubeccel [0000-0003-0554-9943], Barcik, Weronika [0000-0001-8580-9690], Brough, Helen [0000-0001-7203-0813], Eiwegger, Thomas [0000-0002-2914-7829], Eliaszewicz, Andrzej [0000-0002-8980-1474], Feleszko, Wojciech [0000-0001-6613-2012], Gómez-Casado, C. [0000-0002-7707-6367], Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin [0000-0002-8830-058X], Janda, Jozef [0000-0001-9958-5683], Jiménez Saiz, Rodrigo [0000-0002-0606-3251], Knol, Edward [0000-0001-7368-9820], Krohn, Kortekaas [0000-0003-3649-1131], Kothari, Akash [0000-0003-1980-161X], Moniuszko, Marcin [0000-0001-7183-3120], Morita, Hideaki [0000-0003-0928-8322], Nadeau, Kari C. [0000-0002-2146-2955], Ozdemir, Cevdet [0000-0002-9284-4520], Pali-Schöll, Isabella [0000-0003-2089-6011], Palomares, O. [0000-0003-4516-0369], Papaleo, Francesco [0000-0002-6326-0657], Prunicki, Mary [0000-0002-5511-8896], Schmidt-Weber, C. B. [0000-0002-3203-8084], Schwarze, Jürgen [0000-0002-6899-748X], Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien [0000-0002-0228-5375], Veen, Willem van de [0000-0001-9951-6688], Untersmayr, Eva [0000-0002-1963-499X], Sokolowska, Milena, Lukasik, Z., Agache, Ioana, Akdis, Cezmi A., Akdis, D., Akdis, Mubeccel, Barcik, Weronika, Brough, Helen, Eiwegger, Thomas, Eliaszewicz, Andrzej, Eyerich, Stephanie, Feleszko, Wojciech, Gómez-Casado, C., Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin, Janda, Jozef, Jiménez Saiz, Rodrigo, Jutel, Marek, Knol, Edward, Krohn, Kortekaas, Kothari, Akash, Makowska, J., Moniuszko, Marcin, Morita, Hideaki, O’Mahony, L., Nadeau, Kari C., Ozdemir, Cevdet, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palomares, O., Papaleo, Francesco, Prunicki, Mary, Schmidt-Weber, C. B., Sediva, A., Schwarze, Jürgen, Shamji, M. H., Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien, Veen, Willem van de, and Untersmayr, Eva

Abstract

With the worldwide spread of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multi‐organ disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and the SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender and age in development of COVID‐19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID‐19 studies.

Published
2020

11. Global Allergy Forum and Second Davos Declaration 2013 Allergy: Barriers to cure – challenges and actions to be taken

Author

Ring, J., Akdis, C., Lauener, R., Schäppi, G., Traidl-Hoffmann, C., Akdis, M., Ammann, W., Behrendt, H., Bieber, T., Biedermann, T., Bienenstock, J., Blaser, K., Braun-Fahrländer, C., Brockow, K., Buters, J., Crameri, R., Darsow, U., Denburg, J. A., Eyerich, K., Frei, R., Galli, S. J., Gutermuth, J., Holt, P., Koren, H., Leung, D., Müller, U., Muraro, A., Ollert, M., OʼMahony, L., Pawankar, R., Platts-Mills, T., Rhyner, C., Rosenwasser, L. J., Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., Schmidt-Weber, C. B., Schmutz, W., Simon, D., Simon, H. U., Sofiev, M., van Hage, M., and van Ree, R.

Published
2014
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19. Immunology of COVID-19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives - a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)

Author

CTI Research, CTI, MS Dermatologie/Allergologie, Infection & Immunity, Sokolowska, M, Lukasik, Z, Agache, I, Akdis, C A, Akdis, D, Akdis, M, Barcik, W, Brough, H, Eiwegger, T, Eliaszewicz, A, Eyerich, S, Feleszko, W, Gomez Casado, C, Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K, Janda, J, Jiménez-Saiz, R, Jutel, M, Knol, E, Kortekaas Krohn, I, Kothari, A, Makowska, J, Moniuszko, M, Morita, H, O'Mahony, L, Nadeau, K, Ozdemir, C, Pali-Schöll, I, Palomares, O, Papaleo, F, Prunicki, M, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Sediva, A, Schwarze, J, Shamji, M H, Tramper-Stranders, G, van, W, de Veen, R., Untersmayr, E, CTI Research, CTI, MS Dermatologie/Allergologie, Infection & Immunity, Sokolowska, M, Lukasik, Z, Agache, I, Akdis, C A, Akdis, D, Akdis, M, Barcik, W, Brough, H, Eiwegger, T, Eliaszewicz, A, Eyerich, S, Feleszko, W, Gomez Casado, C, Hoffmann-Sommergruber, K, Janda, J, Jiménez-Saiz, R, Jutel, M, Knol, E, Kortekaas Krohn, I, Kothari, A, Makowska, J, Moniuszko, M, Morita, H, O'Mahony, L, Nadeau, K, Ozdemir, C, Pali-Schöll, I, Palomares, O, Papaleo, F, Prunicki, M, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Sediva, A, Schwarze, J, Shamji, M H, Tramper-Stranders, G, van, W, de Veen, R., and Untersmayr, E

Published
2020

23. IL ‐4 receptor α blockade prevents sensitization and alters acute and long‐lasting effects of allergen‐specific immunotherapy of murine allergic asthma

Author

Russkamp, D., primary, Aguilar‐Pimentel, A., additional, Alessandrini, F., additional, Gailus‐Durner, V., additional, Fuchs, H., additional, Ohnmacht, C., additional, Chaker, A., additional, Angelis, M. H., additional, Ollert, M., additional, Schmidt‐Weber, C. B., additional, and Blank, S., additional

Published
2019
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24. State‐of‐the‐art in marketed adjuvants and formulations in Allergen Immunotherapy: a position paper of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)

Author

Jensen‐Jarolim, E; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-5765, Bachmann, M F; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-2099, Bonini, S, Jacobsen, L, Jutel, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6974-5700, Klimek, L, Mahler, V; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-1811, Mösges, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-810X, Moingeon, P, O'Hehir, R E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-7595, Palomares, O; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-0369, Pfaar, O; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-9639, Renz, H; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-7215, Rhyner, C; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-3923, Roth‐Walter, F; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-9228, Rudenko, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6065-9451, Savolainen, J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-7443, Schmidt‐Weber, C B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-8084, Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5085-5179, Kündig, T; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-8766, Jensen‐Jarolim, E; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4019-5765, Bachmann, M F; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4370-2099, Bonini, S, Jacobsen, L, Jutel, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6974-5700, Klimek, L, Mahler, V; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6471-1811, Mösges, R; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1928-810X, Moingeon, P, O'Hehir, R E; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3489-7595, Palomares, O; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4516-0369, Pfaar, O; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4374-9639, Renz, H; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0602-7215, Rhyner, C; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-3923, Roth‐Walter, F; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5005-9228, Rudenko, M; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6065-9451, Savolainen, J; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2161-7443, Schmidt‐Weber, C B; https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3203-8084, Traidl-Hoffmann, Claudia; https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5085-5179, and Kündig, T; https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3863-8766

Abstract

Since the introduction of allergen immunotherapy (AIT) over 100 years ago, focus has been on standardization of allergen extracts, with reliable molecular composition of allergens receiving the highest attention. While adjuvants play a major role in European AIT, they have been less well studied. In this Position Paper we summarize current unmet needs of adjuvants in AIT citing current evidence. Four adjuvants are used in products marketed in Europe: aluminium hydroxide (Al(OH)3) is the most frequently used adjuvant, with microcrystalline tyrosine (MCT), monophosphoryl lipid A (MPLA) and calcium phosphate (CaP) used less frequently. Recent studies on humans, and using mouse models, have characterized in part the mechanisms of action of adjuvants on pre‐existing immune responses. AIT differs from prophylactic vaccines that provoke immunity to infectious agents, as in allergy the patient is pre‐sensitized to the allergen. The intended mode of action of adjuvants is to simultaneously enhance the immunogenicity of the allergen, while precipitating the allergen at the injection site to reduce the risk of anaphylaxis. Contrasting immune effects are seen with different adjuvants. Aluminium hydroxide initially boosts Th2 responses, while the other adjuvants utilised in AIT redirect the Th2 immune response toward Th1 immunity. After varying lengths of time, each of the adjuvants supports tolerance. Further studies of the mechanisms of action of adjuvants may advise shorter treatment periods than the current three‐to‐five‐year regimens, enhancing patient adherence. Improved lead compounds from the adjuvant pipeline are under development and are explored for their capacity to fill this unmet need.

Published
2019

26. Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma:An EAACI position paper

Author

Jakwerth, C. A., Shamji, M. H., Kappen, J. H., Akdis, M., Jensen-Jarolim, E., Knol, E. F., Kleine-Tebbe, J., Bohle, B., Chaker, A. M., Till, S. J., Valenta, R., Poulsen, L. K., Calderon, M. A., Demoly, P., Pfaar, O., Jacobsen, L., Durham, S. R., Schmidt-Weber, C. B., Jakwerth, C. A., Shamji, M. H., Kappen, J. H., Akdis, M., Jensen-Jarolim, E., Knol, E. F., Kleine-Tebbe, J., Bohle, B., Chaker, A. M., Till, S. J., Valenta, R., Poulsen, L. K., Calderon, M. A., Demoly, P., Pfaar, O., Jacobsen, L., Durham, S. R., and Schmidt-Weber, C. B.

Abstract

Die Allergen-Immuntherapie (AIT) ist eine wirksame Behandlungsmethode der allergischen Rhinokonjunktivitis (AR) mit variierendem Therapieansprechen. Prädiktive, validierte Biomarker sind notwendig, um die Wirksamkeit und die klinische Versorgung der Patienten zu verbessern. Eine EAACI-Task-Force kategorisierte potenzielle Biomarker aus klinischen Studien an AR-Patienten: 1. IgE (tIgE, sIgE und sIgE/Gesamt-IgE-Quotient); 2. IgG-Subklassen (sIgG1, sIgG4 und sIgE/IgG4-Quotient); 3. Inhibitorische Aktivität auf IgE im Serum (IgE-FAB und IgE-BF); 4. Basophilenaktivierung; 5. Zytokine und Chemokine; 6. Zelluläre Marker (Tregs, Bregs und DCs); 7. In-vivo-Biomarker. Nach aktueller Datenlage sind sIgE/Gesamt-IgE-Quotient und IgE-FAB vielversprechende Kandidaten für Surrogat-Biomarker. Spezifisches IgG4 wird als potenzieller Compliance-Biomarker empfohlen. Zytokine und die zelluläre Immunreaktion geben einen Einblick in die Mechanismen der AIT, jedoch zunächst noch ohne diagnostische Aussagekraft., Background: Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) with or without asthma. It is important to note that due to the complex interaction between patient, allergy triggers, symptomatology and vaccines used for AIT, some patients do not respond optimally to the treatment. Furthermore, there are no validated or generally accepted candidate biomarkers that are predictive of the clinical response to AIT. Clinical management of patients receiving AIT and efficacy in randomized controlled trials for drug development could be enhanced by predictive biomarkers. Method: The EAACI taskforce reviewed all candidate biomarkers used in clinical trials of AR patients with and without asthma in a literature review. Biomarkers were grouped into seven domains: (i) IgE (total IgE, specific IgE, and sIgE/Total IgE ratio), (ii) IgG-subclasses (sIgG1, sIgG4 including SIgE/ IgG4 ratio), (iii) Serum inhibitory activity for IgE (IgE-FAB and IgE-BF), (iv) Basophil activation, (v) Cytokines and Chemokines, (vi) Cellular markers (T regulatory cells, B regulatory cells, and dendritic cells) and (vii) In vivo biomarkers (including provocation tests). Results: All biomarkers were reviewed in the light of their potential advantages as well as their respective drawbacks. Unmet needs and specific recommendations on all seven domains were addressed. Conclusions: It is recommended to explore the use of allergen-specific IgG4 as a biomarker for compliance. sIgE/tIgE and IgE-FAB are considered as potential surrogate candidate biomarkers. Cytokine/chemokines and cellular reponses provided insight into the mechanisms of AIT. More studies for confirmation and interpretation of the possible association with the clinical response to AIT are needed.

Published
2018

27. EAACI Guidelines on Allergen Immunotherapy: Allergic rhinoconjunctivitis

Author

Roberts, G., primary, Pfaar, O., additional, Akdis, C. A., additional, Ansotegui, I. J., additional, Durham, S. R., additional, Gerth van Wijk, R., additional, Halken, S., additional, Larenas‐Linnemann, D., additional, Pawankar, R., additional, Pitsios, C., additional, Sheikh, A., additional, Worm, M., additional, Arasi, S., additional, Calderon, M. A., additional, Cingi, C., additional, Dhami, S., additional, Fauquert, J. L., additional, Hamelmann, E., additional, Hellings, P., additional, Jacobsen, L., additional, Knol, E. F., additional, Lin, S. Y., additional, Maggina, P., additional, Mösges, R., additional, Oude Elberink, J. N. G., additional, Pajno, G. B., additional, Pastorello, E. A., additional, Penagos, M., additional, Rotiroti, G., additional, Schmidt‐Weber, C. B., additional, Timmermans, F., additional, Tsilochristou, O., additional, Varga, E.‐M., additional, Wilkinson, J. N., additional, Williams, A., additional, Zhang, L., additional, Agache, I., additional, Angier, E., additional, Fernandez‐Rivas, M., additional, Jutel, M., additional, Lau, S., additional, van Ree, R., additional, Ryan, D., additional, Sturm, G. J., additional, and Muraro, A., additional

Published
2017
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28. Biomarkers for monitoring clinical efficacy of allergen immunotherapy for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis and allergic asthma: an EAACI Position Paper

Author

Shamji, M. H., primary, Kappen, J. H., additional, Akdis, M., additional, Jensen-Jarolim, E., additional, Knol, E. F., additional, Kleine-Tebbe, J., additional, Bohle, B., additional, Chaker, A. M., additional, Till, S. J., additional, Valenta, R., additional, Poulsen, L. K., additional, Calderon, M. A., additional, Demoly, P., additional, Pfaar, O., additional, Jacobsen, L., additional, Durham, S. R., additional, and Schmidt-Weber, C. B., additional

Published
2017
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29. Biomarkers for Monitoring Clinical Efficacy of Allergen Immunotherapy for Allergic Rhinoconjunctivitis and Allergic Asthma:an EAACI Position Paper

Author

Shamji, M H, Kappen, J H, Akdis, M, Jensen-Jarolim, E, Knol, E F, Kleine-Tebbe, J, Bohle, B, Chaker, A M, Till, S J, Valenta, R, Poulsen, L K, Calderon, M A, Demoly, P, Pfaar, O, Durham, L Jacobsen S R, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Shamji, M H, Kappen, J H, Akdis, M, Jensen-Jarolim, E, Knol, E F, Kleine-Tebbe, J, Bohle, B, Chaker, A M, Till, S J, Valenta, R, Poulsen, L K, Calderon, M A, Demoly, P, Pfaar, O, Durham, L Jacobsen S R, and Schmidt-Weber, C B

Abstract

Allergen immunotherapy (AIT) is an effective treatment for allergic rhinoconjunctivitis (AR) with or without asthma (1-12). AIT has disease modifying properties and confers long-term clinical benefit after cessation of treatment (6, 7, 13-17). AIT is routinely used in daily practice and can be administered either subcutaneously (SCIT) or sublingually (SLIT) (3-12). Although AIT is effective, the degree of remission strongly varies depending on the complex interaction between patient, allergy, symptomatology and vaccines used for AIT (3-9). Clinical management of patients receiving AIT and efficacy in randomised controlled trials for drug development could be significantly enhanced if there were means to identify those who are most likely to respond, when to stop treatment, how to predict relapse and when to perform booster AIT. Furthermore, biomarkers in AIT can play a central role in personalized medicine (18). This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Published
2017

30. Differentiation and functional analysis of human T(H)17 cells

Author

Bürgler, S, Ouaked, N, Bassin, C, Basinski, T M, Mantel, P Y, Siegmund, K, Meyer, N, Akdis, C A, Schmidt-Weber, C B, University of Zurich, and Schmidt-Weber, C B

Subjects
2403 Immunology, 10183 Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research, 2723 Immunology and Allergy, 610 Medicine & health
Published
2009

31. Application of recombinant antigen 5 allergens from seven allergy-relevant Hymenoptera species in diagnostics

Author

Schiener, M., primary, Eberlein, B., additional, Moreno-Aguilar, C., additional, Pietsch, G., additional, Serrano, P., additional, McIntyre, M., additional, Schwarze, L., additional, Russkamp, D., additional, Biedermann, T., additional, Spillner, E., additional, Darsow, U., additional, Ollert, M., additional, Schmidt-Weber, C. B., additional, and Blank, S., additional

Published
2016
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32. Sebocytes contribute to skin inflammation by promoting the differentiation of T helper 17 cells.

Author

Mattii, M., Lovászi, M., Garzorz, N., Atenhan, A., Quaranta, M., Lauffer, F., Konstantinow, A., Küpper, M., Zouboulis, C. C., Kemeny, L., Eyerich, K., Schmidt‐Weber, C. B., Törőcsik, D., and Eyerich, S.

Subjects
SKIN inflammation, T cells, INFLAMMATION, IMMUNOFLUORESCENCE, CHEMOKINES
Abstract

Summary: Background: The main function of sebocytes is considered to be the production of lipids to moisturize the skin. However, it recently became apparent that sebocytes release chemokines and cytokines and respond to proinflammatory stimuli as well as the presence of bacteria. Objectives: To analyse the functional communication between human sebocytes and T cells. Methods: Immunofluorescence stainings for CD4 and interleukin (IL)‐17 were performed on acne sections and healthy skin. Migration assays and T‐cell‐stimulation cultures were performed with supernatants derived from unstimulated or prestimulated SZ95 sebocytes. Dendritic cells were generated in the presence of SZ95 supernatant and subsequently used in mixed leucocyte reactions. Results: We showed that CD4+ IL‐17+ T cells accumulate around the pilosebaceous unit and are in close contact with sebocytes in acne lesions. By using SZ95 sebocyte supernatant, we demonstrate a chemotactic effect of sebocytes on neutrophils, monocytes and T cells in a CXCL8‐dependent manner. Furthermore, sebocyte supernatant induces the differentiation of CD4+ CD45RA+ naive T cells into T helper (Th)17 cells via the secretion of IL‐6, transforming growth factor‐β and, most importantly, IL‐1β. No direct effects of sebocytes on the function of CD4+ CD45RO+ memory T cells were detected. Moreover, sebocytes functionally interact with Propionibacterium acnes in the maturation of dendritic cells, leading to antigen‐presenting cells that preferentially prime Th17 cells. Conclusions: Our study provides evidence that human sebocytes actively participate in inflammatory processes in the skin by recruiting and communicating with immune cells. This interaction leads to the generation of Th17 cells, which might contribute to the pathogenesis not only of acne vulgaris, but also of several inflammatory skin diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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33. Perspectives in allergen immunotherapy: 2017 and beyond.

Author

Pfaar, O., Bonini, S., Cardona, V., Demoly, P., Jakob, T., Jutel, M., Kleine‐Tebbe, J., Klimek, L., Klysner, S., Kopp, M. V., Kuna, P., Larché, M., Muraro, A., Schmidt‐Weber, C. B., Shamji, M. H., Simonsen, K., Somoza, C., Valovirta, E., Zieglmayer, P., and Zuberbier, T.

Subjects
ALLERGENS, IMMUNOTHERAPY, VACCINES, ALLERGY in children, ALLERGY treatment, CONFERENCES & conventions
Abstract

The Future of the Allergists and Specific Immunotherapy ( FASIT) workshop provides a regular platform for global experts from academia, allergy clinics, regulatory authorities and industry to review developments in the field of allergen immunotherapy ( AIT). The most recent meeting, held in February 2017, had two main themes: advances in AIT and hot topics in AIT from the regulatory point of view. The first theme covered opportunities for personalized AIT, advances in adjuvants and delivery systems, and the development of new molecules and future vaccines for AIT. Key topics in the second part of the meeting were the effects of the enactment of European Directive 2001/83 on the availability of allergens for therapy and diagnosis across the EU, the challenges of conducting Phase 3 studies in the field, the future role of allergen exposure chambers in AIT studies and specific considerations in performing AIT studies in the paediatric population. Finally, the group highlighted the forthcoming EAACI guidelines and their particular importance for the standardization of practice in the treatment of allergies. This review presents a comprehensive insight into those panel discussions and highlights unmet needs and also possible solutions to them for the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2018
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34. Immune responses in healthy and allergic individuals are characterized by a fine balance between allergen-specific T regulatory 1 and T helper 2 cells

Author

Akdis, M, Verhagen, J, Taylor, A, Karamloo, F, Karagiannidis, C, Crameri, R, Thunberg, Sarah, Deniz, G, Valenta, R, Fiebig, H, Kegel, C, Disch, R, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Blaser, K, Akdis, C A, Akdis, M, Verhagen, J, Taylor, A, Karamloo, F, Karagiannidis, C, Crameri, R, Thunberg, Sarah, Deniz, G, Valenta, R, Fiebig, H, Kegel, C, Disch, R, Schmidt-Weber, C B, Blaser, K, and Akdis, C A

Abstract

The mechanisms by which immune responses to nonpathogenic environmental antigens lead to either allergy or nonharmful immunity are unknown. Single allergen-specific T cells constitute a very small fraction of the whole CD4(+) T cell repertoire and can be isolated from the peripheral blood of humans according to their cytokine profile. Freshly purified interferon-gamma-, interleukin (IL)-4-, and IL-10-producing allergen-specific CD4(+) T cells display characteristics of T helper cell (Th)1-, Th2, and T regulatory (Tr)1-like cells, respectively. Tr1 cells consistently represent the dominant subset specific for common environmental allergens in healthy individuals; in contrast, there is a high frequency of allergen-specific IL-4-secreting T cells in allergic individuals. Tr1 cells use multiple suppressive mechanisms, IL-10 and TGF-beta as secreted cytokines, and cytotoxic T lymphocyte antigen 4 and programmed death 1 as surface molecules. Healthy and allergic individuals exhibit all three allergen-specific subsets in different proportions, indicating that a change in the dominant subset may lead to allergy development or recovery. Accordingly, blocking the suppressor activity of Tr1 cells or increasing Th2 cell frequency enhances allergen-specific Th2 cell activation ex vivo. These results indicate that the balance between allergen-specific Tr1 cells and Th2 cells may be decisive in the development of allergy., QC 20170420

Published
2004
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35. Joint Symposium DGAKI/EAACI Imunology Section: Immunology of Allergic Reactions

Author

Maurer, M., primary, Martin, S. F., additional, Schmidt-Weber, C. B., additional, Bohle, B., additional, Kinaciyan, T., additional, Radakovics, A., additional, Jahn-Schmid, B., additional, Ebner, C., additional, Hartmann, S., additional, Schnöller, C., additional, Rausch, S., additional, Pillai, S., additional, Avagyan, A., additional, Hamelmann, E., additional, and Lucius, R., additional

Published
2007
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38. Poster-Abstracts

Author

Akdis, M., primary, Trautmann, A., additional, Klunker, S., additional, Daigle, I., additional, Kücüksezer, U. C., additional, Deglmann, W., additional, Disch, R., additional, Blaser, K., additional, Akdis, C. A., additional, Forschner, K., additional, Zuberbier, T., additional, Worm, M., additional, Gutermuth, J., additional, Huss-Marp, J., additional, Eberlein-König, B., additional, Breuer, K., additional, Mair, S., additional, Darsow, U., additional, Ansel, A., additional, Krämer, U., additional, Mayer, E., additional, Gertis, K., additional, Ring, J., additional, Behrendt, H., additional, Jappe, U., additional, Farrar, M., additional, Ingham, E., additional, Holland, K., additional, Karamloo, F., additional, Schmid-Grendelmeier, P., additional, Kussebi, F., additional, Manhart, C., additional, Soldatova, L., additional, Hously-Markovic, Z., additional, Spangfort, M. D., additional, Kunzmann, S., additional, Schmidt-Weber, C. B., additional, Mahler, V., additional, Gutgesell, C., additional, Fuchs, Th., additional, Kraft, D., additional, Valenta, R., additional, Münch, D., additional, Borelli, S., additional, Fukrop, R., additional, Reese, I., additional, Hipler, U.-Ch., additional, Weissenbacher, S., additional, Engst, R., additional, Rakoski, J., additional, Ollert, M., additional, Wilkening, R., additional, Soost, S., additional, Klinger, R., additional, and Wuske, T., additional

Published
2002
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43. Nasal Cytokine Patterns in Patients with Asthma

Author

Bahmer, T., Watz, H., Pedersen, F., Kirsten, A., Waschki, B., Mutius, E., Hansen, G., Kopp, M. V., Rabe, K. F., Fuchs, O., Weckmann, M., Koenig, I. R., Thiele, D., Chaker, A., Jackwerth, C. A., Schmidt-Weber, C. B., and Ulrich Zissler

47. 皮脂腺细胞通过促进辅助性T细胞17的分化从而引起皮肤炎症.

Author

Mattii, M., Lovászi, M., Garzorz, N., Atenhan, A., Quaranta, M., Lauffer, F., Konstantinow, A., Küpper, M., Zouboulis, C. C., Kemeny, L., Eyerich, K., Schmidt‐Weber, C. B., Törőcsik, D., and Eyerich, S.

Abstract

Copyright of British Journal of Dermatology is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2018
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48. Immunmonitoring der AIT: von Mechanismen zu Biomarkern.

Author

Chaker, Adam M., Zissler, Ulrich M., Jakwerth, Constanze, Hajdu, Zuzana, and Schmidt-Weber, C. B.

Subjects
ALLERGY treatment, ALLERGENS, BIOMARKERS, CYTOKINES, IMMUNOTHERAPY, PATIENT monitoring, IMMUNOCOMPROMISED patients
Published
2017

49. Immunology of COVID‐19: mechanisms, clinical outcome, diagnostics and perspectives – a report of the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI)

Author

Wojciech Feleszko, Isabella Pali-Schöll, Weronika Barcik, Jozef Janda, Hideaki Morita, Rodrigo Jiménez-Saiz, Gerdien A. Tramper-Stranders, Willem van de Veen, Kari C. Nadeau, Marcin Moniuszko, Akash Kothari, Oscar Palomares, Cezmi A. Akdis, Cristina Gomez-Casado, Karin Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Stefanie Eyerich, Inge Kortekaas Krohn, Joanna Makowska, Mohamed H. Shamji, Carsten B. Schmidt-Weber, Anna Sediva, Helen A. Brough, Mary Prunicki, Zuzanna Lukasik, Eva Untersmayr, Francesco Papaleo, Milena Sokolowska, Mübeccel Akdis, Ioana Agache, Cevdet Ozdemir, Andrzej Eljaszewicz, Thomas Eiwegger, Edward F. Knol, Deniz Akdis, Marek Jutel, Jürgen Schwarze, Liam O'Mahony, European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Swiss National Science Foundation, Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (España), Research Foundation - Flanders, Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Fondazione Telethon, Ministero della Salute, Comunidad de Madrid, German Research Foundation, European Commission, Sokolowska, Milena, Agache, Ioana, Akdis, Cezmi A., Akdis, Mubeccel, Barcik, Weronika, Brough, Helen, Eiwegger, Thomas, Eliaszewicz, Andrzej, Feleszko, Wojciech, Gómez-Casado, C., Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin, Janda, Jozef, Jiménez Saiz, Rodrigo, Knol, Edward, Krohn, Kortekaas, Kothari, Akash, Moniuszko, Marcin, Morita, Hideaki, Nadeau, Kari C., Ozdemir, Cevdet, Pali-Schöll, Isabella, Palomares, O., Papaleo, Francesco, Prunicki, Mary, Schmidt-Weber, C. B., Schwarze, Jürgen, Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien, Veen, Willem van de, Untersmayr, Eva, Dermatology, Sokolowska, Milena [0000-0001-9710-6685], Agache, Ioana [0000-0001-7994-364X], Akdis, Cezmi A. [0000-0001-8020-019X], Akdis, Mubeccel [0000-0003-0554-9943], Barcik, Weronika [0000-0001-8580-9690], Brough, Helen [0000-0001-7203-0813], Eiwegger, Thomas [0000-0002-2914-7829], Eliaszewicz, Andrzej [0000-0002-8980-1474], Feleszko, Wojciech [0000-0001-6613-2012], Gómez-Casado, C. [0000-0002-7707-6367], Hoffmann-Sommergruber, Karin [0000-0002-8830-058X], Janda, Jozef [0000-0001-9958-5683], Jiménez Saiz, Rodrigo [0000-0002-0606-3251], Knol, Edward [0000-0001-7368-9820], Krohn, Kortekaas [0000-0003-3649-1131], Kothari, Akash [0000-0003-1980-161X], Moniuszko, Marcin [0000-0001-7183-3120], Morita, Hideaki [0000-0003-0928-8322], Nadeau, Kari C. [0000-0002-2146-2955], Ozdemir, Cevdet [0000-0002-9284-4520], Pali-Schöll, Isabella [0000-0003-2089-6011], Palomares, O. [0000-0003-4516-0369], Papaleo, Francesco [0000-0002-6326-0657], Prunicki, Mary [0000-0002-5511-8896], Schmidt-Weber, C. B. [0000-0002-3203-8084], Schwarze, Jürgen [0000-0002-6899-748X], Tramper-Stranders, Gerdien [0000-0002-0228-5375], Veen, Willem van de [0000-0001-9951-6688], and Untersmayr, Eva [0000-0002-1963-499X]

Subjects
medicine.medical_specialty, Allergy, Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), Immunology, Pneumonia, Viral, Eaaci Position Paper, SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors, Disease, medicine.disease_cause, COVID‐19 treatment, 03 medical and health sciences, Betacoronavirus, COVID‐19 prevention, 0302 clinical medicine, Immune system, COVID-19 Testing, Pandemic, medicine, Immunology and Allergy, Humans, Intensive care medicine, Pandemics, Coronavirus, SARS, business.industry, Clinical Laboratory Techniques, SARS-CoV-2, Academies and Institutes, COVID‐19 comorbidity, COVID-19, biochemical phenomena, metabolism, and nutrition, Acquired immune system, medicine.disease, 3. Good health, 030228 respiratory system, COVID‐19 immunity, COVID‐19 multi‐morbidity, business, Coronavirus Infections, 030215 immunology
Abstract

With the worldwide spread of the novel Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus‐2 (SARS‐CoV‐2) resulting in declaration of a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) on March 11, 2020, the SARS‐CoV‐2‐induced Coronavirus disease‐19 (COVID‐19) has become one of the main challenges of our times. The high infection rate and the severe disease course led to major safety and social restriction measures worldwide. There is an urgent need of unbiased expert knowledge guiding the development of efficient treatment and prevention strategies. This report summarizes current immunological data on mechanisms associated with the SARS‐CoV‐2 infection and COVID‐19 development and progression to the most severe forms. We characterize the differences between adequate innate and adaptive immune response in mild disease and the deep immune dysfunction in the severe multi‐organ disease. The similarities of the human immune response to SARS‐CoV‐2 and the SARS‐CoV and MERS‐CoV are underlined. We also summarize known and potential SARS‐CoV‐2 receptors on epithelial barriers, immune cells, endothelium and clinically involved organs such as lung, gut, kidney, cardiovascular and neuronal system. Finally, we discuss the known and potential mechanisms underlying the involvement of comorbidities, gender and age in development of COVID‐19. Consequently, we highlight the knowledge gaps and urgent research requirements to provide a quick roadmap for ongoing and needed COVID‐19 studies., The authors would like to thank the European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) for the financial support to the sections, interest groups and working groups enabling the development of this paper. The research of SM is supported by a SNSF grant 310039_189334; JSR is funded by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad (IJCI-2016-27619); KKI is supported by the FWO Post doc mandate 12W2219N; BW and PF were supported by funding from the Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia, Fondazione Telethon (project GGP19103), and Ricerca Finalizzata Giovani Ricercatori 2016 - Ministero Salute Italia (project GR-2016-02362413); GCC is supported by a postdoctoral contract cofounded by the competitive Program “Attracting Talent,” Community of Madrid, Spain; the research of SWCB was funded by DFG (398577603), “ADAPT” EIT Health is a body of the EU receiving support from H2020 and BMBF “ESCAPE” 01KI20169A; the research of UE is supported by the H2020 grant 768641 and by the BMF grant 19056.

Published
2020
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50. Nasal secretions trace epithelial type 2 response to allergen-specific immunotherapy.

Author

Jakwerth CA, Zissler UM, Oelsner M, Pechtold L, Zur Bonsen L, Plaschke M, Kau J, Davidovic M, Mootz M, Haller B, Chaker AM, and Schmidt-Weber CB

Abstract

Background: Allergen-specific immunotherapy (AIT) is a disease-modifying therapy and is effective to reduce the symptoms of grass pollen-allergy. The airway epithelium of these patients releases inflammatory mediators including type-2 cytokines, which are associated with cellular processes involved in the symptomatic response of the affected tissue. Aim of the study was to identify epithelial biomarkers indicating AIT progress., Methods: In an exploratory, observational allergy cohort, we longitudinally phenotyped 56 grass pollen-allergic patients undergoing AIT for over three years and 18 controls using nasal secretions at critical time windows during therapy to assess peak-season responses along the course of therapy. Type-2 cytokine protein levels were analyzed using the high-sensitivity multiplex electrochemiluminescence mesoscale technique., Results: The type-2 cytokines CCL26 and POSTN oscillated seasonally, in contrast to TSLP and IL-33. However, only POSTN was reduced over the three-year AIT progression. In addition to POSTN, IL-24 and IL-37 levels were continuously reduced during AIT, while IFN-g and CCL27 were increased. Compared to healthy individuals, AIT did not restore healthy secretion levels but rather induced a novel homeostasis CONCLUSION: Nasal secretions trace the epithelial response during different phases of AIT. We demonstrate that AIT only partially controls the epithelial type 2 cytokine CCL26, which also adapts to seasonal changes, while POSTN and IL-24 are potential indicators of therapy success. Therefore, nasal secretions represent a promising, non-invasive tool for monitoring seasonal progress of AIT.

Published
2024
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