145 results on '"Schmidt-Dannert C"'
Search Results
2. High-level expression of the thermoalkalophilic lipase from Bacillus thermocatenulatus in Escherichia coli
- Author
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Rúa, M. L., Atomi, H., Schmidt-Dannert, C., and Schmid, R. D.
- Published
- 1998
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3. Overexpression of lipase A and B of Geotrichum candidum in Pichia pastoris: High-level production and some properties of functional expressed lipase B
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Catoni, E., Schmidt-Dannert, C., Brocca, S., and Schmid, R.D.
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- 1997
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4. Conversion of Bacillus thermocatenulatus lipase into an efficient phospholipase with increased activity towards long-chain fatty acyl substrates by directed evolution and rational design
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Kauffmann, I. and Schmidt-Dannert, C.
- Published
- 2001
5. Spatial organization of multi-enzyme biocatalytic cascades
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Quin, M. B., primary, Wallin, K. K., additional, Zhang, G., additional, and Schmidt-Dannert, C., additional
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- 2017
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6. Structural and functional characterization of a chitin-active 15.5 kDa lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase domain from a modular chitinase from Jonesia denitrificans
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Mekasha, S., primary, Forsberg, Z., additional, Dalhus, B., additional, Choudhary, S., additional, Schmidt-Dannert, C., additional, Vaaje-Kolstad, G., additional, and Eijsink, V., additional
- Published
- 2015
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7. The 'LipoYeasts' project: using the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in combination with specific bacterial genes for the bioconversion of lipids, fats and oils into high-value products
- Author
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Sabirova, Julia, Haddouche, R, Van Bogaert, Inge, Mulaa, F, Verstraete, Willy, Timmis, KN, Schmidt-Dannert, C, Nicaud, JM, Soetaert, Wim, Dept Biosci & Bioengn, Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), MICrobiologie de l'ALImentation au Service de la Santé (MICALIS), Institut National de la Recherche Agronomique (INRA)-AgroParisTech, Dept Biochem, University of Nairobi (UoN), Environm Microbiol Lab, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Dept Biochem Mol Biol & Biophys, University of Minnesota [Twin Cities], University of Minnesota System-University of Minnesota System, European Commission [213068], Universiteit Gent = Ghent University [Belgium] (UGENT), University of Minnesota [Twin Cities] (UMN), and Gesellschaft für biotechnologische Forschung (GBF), Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, >Germany.
- Subjects
[SDV.SA]Life Sciences [q-bio]/Agricultural sciences ,Technology and Engineering ,Bacteria ,ALCANIVORAX-BORKUMENSIS ,IDENTIFICATION ,POLYHYDROXYALKANOATE ,DIRECTED EVOLUTION ,Yarrowia ,GENOME SEQUENCE ,Lipid Metabolism ,CAROTENOBIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS ,Bacterial Proteins ,CAROTENOID BIOSYNTHETIC PATHWAYS ,ACID ,GAMMA-DECALACTONE ,BETA-OXIDATION ,Genetic Engineering ,Biotransformation ,ACCUMULATION - Abstract
The oleochemical industry is currently still dominated by conventional chemistry, with biotechnology only starting to play a more prominent role, primarily with respect to the biosurfactants or lipases, e. g. as detergents, or for biofuel production. A major bottleneck for all further biotechnological applications is the problem of the initial mobilization of cheap and vastly available lipid and oil substrates, which are then to be transformed into high-value biotechnological, nutritional or pharmacological products. Under the EU-sponsored LipoYeasts project we are developing the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica into a versatile and high-throughput microbial factory that, by use of specific enzymatic pathways from hydrocarbonoclastic bacteria, efficiently mobilizes lipids by directing its versatile lipid metabolism towards the production of industrially valuable lipid-derived compounds like wax esters (WE), isoprenoid-derived compounds (carotenoids, polyenic carotenoid ester), polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs) and free hydroxylated fatty acids (HFAs). Different lipid stocks (petroleum, alkane, vegetable oil, fatty acid) and combinations thereof are being assessed as substrates in combination with different mutant and recombinant strains of Y. lipolytica, in order to modulate the composition and yields of the produced added-value products.
- Published
- 2011
8. Functional overexpression of a 1647 bp synthetic gene coding for C. rugosa lipase LIP1, a major industrial lipase
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BROCCA, STEFANIA, LOTTI, MARINA, ALBERGHINA, LILIA, Schmidt Dannert, C, Schmid, R., Brocca, S, Schmidt Dannert, C, Lotti, M, Alberghina, L, and Schmid, R
- Subjects
lipase ,BIO/10 - BIOCHIMICA - Published
- 1998
9. Thermoalkalophilic lipase of Bacillus thermocatenulatus large-scale production, purification and properties: aggregation behaviour and its effect on activity
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Ml, Rúa, Schmidt-Dannert C, Wahl S, Sprauer A, and Rd, Schmid
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Detergents ,Temperature ,Gene Expression ,Bacillus ,Cholic Acids ,Cholic Acid ,Lipase ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Recombinant Proteins ,Substrate Specificity ,Molecular Weight ,Enzyme Stability ,Fermentation ,Chromatography, Gel ,Escherichia coli ,Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ,Cloning, Molecular ,Triglycerides ,Triolein - Abstract
Escherichia coli BL321 was transformed with the expression plasmid pCYTEXP1 carrying the BTL2 gene from Bacillus thermocatenulatus under the control of the strong temperature-inducible lambda pL promoter and was cultivated in a 100 1 bioreactor. The mature lipase was produced in large quantities (54,000 U g-1 wet cells) and further purified to homogeneity by a two-step purification protocol (hydrophobic chromatography and gel filtration chromatography). The pure enzyme was characterized and its physicochemical properties compared to those of the BTL2 lipase which had previously been weakly expressed in E. coli under the control of its native promoter on pUC18, yielding 600 U g-1 wet cells. The specific activity of the overexpressed enzyme was approx. 5-fold higher than that of the weakly expressed enzyme. The two proteins showed the same pI and N-terminal sequence and had very similar thermostability, pH stability, optimum pH and temperature activity, and substrate specificity. Both enzymes were extremely stable in the presence of several organic solvents and detergents. With trioleylglycerol as a substrate, the overexpressed lipase cleaves each of the three ester bonds. The purified BTL2 lipase shows a strong tendency to aggregate. Direct evidence for changes in the aggregation state was obtained by gel filtration chromatography. The effect of aggregation on lipase activity was strongly dependent on both substrate and temperature during the assay. Under certain conditions, a direct relationship was found between the molecular mass of the lipase aggregates and the increase in activity upon the addition of 1% (w/v) sodium cholate.
- Published
- 1997
10. The ‘LipoYeasts’ project: using the oleaginous yeast Yarrowia lipolytica in combination with specific bacterial genes for the bioconversion of lipids, fats and oils into high-value products
- Author
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Sabirova, Julia S., primary, Haddouche, R., additional, Van Bogaert, I. N., additional, Mulaa, F., additional, Verstraete, W., additional, Timmis, K. N., additional, Schmidt-Dannert, C., additional, Nicaud, J. M., additional, and Soetaert, W., additional
- Published
- 2010
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11. Structure of FPT bound to DATFP-DH-GPP
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Hovlid, M.L., primary, Edelstein, R.L., additional, Henry, O., additional, Ochocki, J., additional, DeGraw, A., additional, Lenevich, S., additional, Talbot, T., additional, Young, V., additional, Hruza, A.W., additional, Lopez-Gallego, F., additional, Labello, N.P., additional, Strickland, C.L., additional, Schmidt-Dannert, C., additional, and Distefano, M.D., additional
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- 2009
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12. Probing the structural plasticity of an archaeal primordial cobaltochelatase CbiXS
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Pisarchik, A., primary, Petri, R., additional, and Schmidt-Dannert, C., additional
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- 2007
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13. Functional overexpression of a 1647 bp synthetic gene coding for C. rugosa lipase LIP1, a major industrial lipase
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Brocca, S, Schmidt Dannert, C, Lotti, M, Alberghina, L, Schmid, R, BROCCA, STEFANIA, LOTTI, MARINA, ALBERGHINA, LILIA, Schmid, R., Brocca, S, Schmidt Dannert, C, Lotti, M, Alberghina, L, Schmid, R, BROCCA, STEFANIA, LOTTI, MARINA, ALBERGHINA, LILIA, and Schmid, R.
- Published
- 1998
14. Purification and Reconstitution of an Integral Membrane Protein, the Photoreaction Center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides, Using Synthetic Sugar Esters
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Peters, H., primary, Schmidt-Dannert, C., additional, Cao, L., additional, Bornscheuer, U.T., additional, and Schmid, R.D., additional
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- 2000
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15. P450 monooxygenase in biotechnology
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Schwaneberg, U, primary, Sprauer, A, additional, Schmidt-Dannert, C, additional, and Schmid, R.D, additional
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- 1999
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16. Bacillus thermocatenulatus lipase: a thermoalkalophilic lipase with interesting properties
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Schmidt-Dannert, C., primary, Rúa, M. L., additional, Wahl, S., additional, and Schmid, R. D., additional
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- 1997
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17. Improved properties of bovine erythrocyte acetylcholinesterase, isolated by papain cleavage
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Schmidt-Dannert, C., primary, Kalisz, H.M., additional, Šafařík, I., additional, and Schmid, R.D., additional
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- 1994
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18. The photoreaction center of Rhodobacter sphaeroides: a 'biosensor protein' for the determination of photosystem-II herbicides?
- Author
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Peters, H., Schmidt-Dannert, C., and Schmid, R. D.
- Published
- 1997
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19. Functional expression of Rhizopus oryzae lipase in Pichia pastoris: high-level production and some properties
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Minning, S., Schmidt-Dannert, C., and Schmid, R. D.
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- 1998
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20. Thermoalkalophilic lipase of Bacillus thermocatenulatus Large-scale production, purification and properties: aggregation behaviour and its effect on activity
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Rua, M. L., Schmidt-Dannert, C., Wahl, S., Sprauer, A., and Schmid, R. D.
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- 1997
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21. Design, total synthesis, and functional overexpression of the Candida rugosa lip1 gene coding for a major industrial lipase
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Brocca, S., Schmidt-Dannert, C., MARINA LOTTI, Alberghina, L., and Schmid, R. D.
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Glycosylation ,Chemical Phenomena ,Chemistry, Physical ,Gene Transfer Techniques ,Gene Expression ,Lipase ,Saccharomyces cerevisiae ,Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ,Pichia ,Recombinant Proteins ,Isoenzymes ,Mutagenesis, Site-Directed ,Industry ,Amino Acid Sequence ,Research Article ,Candida - Abstract
The dimorphic yeast Candida rugosa has an unusual codon usage that hampers the functional expression of genes derived from this yeast in a conventional heterologous host. Commercial samples of C. rugosa lipase (CRL) are widely used in industry, but contain several different isoforms encoded by the lip gene family, among which the isoform encoded by the gene lip1 is the most prominent. In a first laborious attempt, the lip1 gene was systematically modified by site-directed mutagenesis to gain functional expression in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. As alternative approach, the gene (1647 bp) was completely synthesized with an optimized nucleotide sequence in terms of heterologous expression in yeast and simplified genetic manipulation. The synthetic gene was functionally expressed in both hosts S. cerevisiae and Pichia pastoris, and the effect of heterologous leader sequences on expression and secretion was investigated. In particular, using P. pastoris cells, the synthetic gene was functionally overexpressed, allowing for the first time to produce recombinant Lipl of high purity at a level of 150 U/mL culture medium. The physicochemical and catalytic properties of the recombinant lipase were compared with those of a commercial, nonrecombinant C. rugosa lipase preparation containing lipase isoforms.
22. Biosynthesis of plant-specific stilbene polyketides in metabolically engineered Escherichia coli
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Schmidt-Dannert Claudia, Lee Pyung C, and Watts Kevin T
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Biotechnology ,TP248.13-248.65 - Abstract
Abstract Background Phenylpropanoids are the precursors to a range of important plant metabolites such as the cell wall constituent lignin and the secondary metabolites belonging to the flavonoid/stilbene class of compounds. The latter class of plant natural products has been shown to function in a wide range of biological activities. During the last few years an increasing number of health benefits have been associated with these compounds. In particular, they demonstrate potent antioxidant activity and the ability to selectively inhibit certain tyrosine kinases. Biosynthesis of many medicinally important plant secondary metabolites, including stilbenes, is frequently not very well understood and under tight spatial and temporal control, limiting their availability from plant sources. As an alternative, we sought to develop an approach for the biosynthesis of diverse stilbenes by engineered recombinant microbial cells. Results A pathway for stilbene biosynthesis was constructed in Escherichia coli with 4-coumaroyl CoA ligase 1 4CL1) from Arabidopsis thaliana and stilbene synthase (STS) cloned from Arachis hypogaea. E. coli cultures expressing these enzymes together converted the phenylpropionic acid precursor 4-coumaric acid, added to the growth medium, to the stilbene resveratrol (>100 mg/L). Caffeic acid, added in the same way, resulted in the production of the expected dihydroxylated stilbene, piceatannol (>10 mg/L). Ferulic acid, however, was not converted to the expected stilbene product, isorhapontigenin. Substitution of 4CL1 with a homologous enzyme, 4CL4, with a preference for ferulic acid over 4-coumaric acid, had no effect on the conversion of ferulic acid. Accumulation of tri- and tetraketide lactones from ferulic acid, regardless of the CoA-ligase expressed in E. coli, suggests that STS cannot properly accommodate and fold the tetraketide intermediate to the corresponding stilbene structure. Conclusion Phenylpropionic acids, such as 4-coumaric acid and caffeic acid, can be efficiently converted to stilbene compounds by recombinant E. coli cells expressing plant biosynthetic genes. Optimization of precursor conversion and cyclization of the bulky ferulic acid precursor by host metabolic engineering and protein engineering may afford the synthesis of even more structurally diverse stilbene compounds.
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- 2006
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23. Directed evolution of industrial enzymes
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Schmidt-Dannert, C. and Arnold, F. H.
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- 1999
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24. Engineering novel carotenoids in microorganisms
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Schmidt-Dannert, C
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- 2000
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25. Engineering Bacillus subtilis for the formation of a durable living biocomposite material.
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Kang SY, Pokhrel A, Bratsch S, Benson JJ, Seo SO, Quin MB, Aksan A, and Schmidt-Dannert C
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- Biomineralization, Composite Resins, Flagella genetics, Silicon Dioxide, Spores, Bacterial genetics, Bacillus subtilis genetics, Bacillus subtilis metabolism, Biocompatible Materials chemistry, Genetic Engineering methods
- Abstract
Engineered living materials (ELMs) are a fast-growing area of research that combine approaches in synthetic biology and material science. Here, we engineer B. subtilis to become a living component of a silica material composed of self-assembling protein scaffolds for functionalization and cross-linking of cells. B. subtilis is engineered to display SpyTags on polar flagella for cell attachment to SpyCatcher modified secreted scaffolds. We engineer endospore limited B. subtilis cells to become a structural component of the material with spores for long-term storage of genetic programming. Silica biomineralization peptides are screened and scaffolds designed for silica polymerization to fabricate biocomposite materials with enhanced mechanical properties. We show that the resulting ELM can be regenerated from a piece of cell containing silica material and that new functions can be incorporated by co-cultivation of engineered B. subtilis strains. We believe that this work will serve as a framework for the future design of resilient ELMs., (© 2021. The Author(s).)
- Published
- 2021
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26. Solid-Phase Assembly of Multienzyme Systems into Artificial Cellulosomes.
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Zeballos N, Diamanti E, Benítez-Mateos AI, Schmidt-Dannert C, and López-Gallego F
- Abstract
We herein describe a bioinspired solid-phase assembly of a multienzyme system scaffolded on an artificial cellulosome. An alcohol dehydrogenase and an ω-transaminase were fused to cohesin and dockerin domains to drive their sequential and ordered coimmobilization on agarose porous microbeads. The resulting immobilized scaffolded enzymatic cellulosome was characterized through quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation and confocal laser scanning microscopy to demonstrate that both enzymes interact with each other and physically colocalize within the microbeads. Finally, the assembled multifunctional heterogeneous biocatalyst was tested for the one-pot conversion of alcohols into amines. By using the physically colocalized enzymatic system confined into porous microbeads, the yield of the corresponding amine was 1.3 and 10 times higher than the spatially segregated immobilized system and the free enzymes, respectively. This work establishes the basis of a new concept to organize multienzyme systems at the nanoscale within solid and porous immobilization carriers.
- Published
- 2021
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27. Ethanolamine bacterial microcompartments: from structure, function studies to bioengineering applications.
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Pokhrel A, Kang SY, and Schmidt-Dannert C
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- Bacteria genetics, Bioengineering, Organelles, Bacterial Proteins, Ethanolamine
- Abstract
Two decades of structural and functional studies have revealed functions, structures and diversity of bacterial microcompartments. The protein-based organelles encapsulate diverse metabolic pathways in semipermeable, icosahedral or pseudo-icosahedral shells. One of the first discovered and characterized microcompartments are those involved in ethanolamine degradation. This review will summarize their function and assembly along with shared and unique characteristics with other microcompartment types. The modularity and self-assembling properties of their shell proteins make them valuable targets for bioengineering. Advances and prospects for shell protein engineering in vivo and in vitro for synthetic biology and biotechnology applications will be discussed., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2021
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28. Molecular Identification and Antimicrobial Activity of Foliar Endophytic Fungi on the Brazilian Pepper Tree (Schinus terebinthifolius) Reveal New Species of Diaporthe.
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Dos Santos GD, Gomes RR, Gonçalves R, Fornari G, Maia BHLNS, Schmidt-Dannert C, Gaascht F, Glienke C, Schneider GX, Colombo IR, Degenhardt-Goldbach J, Pietsch JLM, Costa-Ribeiro MCV, and Vicente VA
- Subjects
- Ascomycota, Endophytes genetics, Escherichia coli, Fungi, Microbial Sensitivity Tests, Phylogeny, Staphylococcus aureus, Anacardiaceae, Anti-Infective Agents pharmacology
- Abstract
The presence of endophytes promotes the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites. In this study, endophytic fungi were isolated from Schinus terebinthifolius to investigate their diversity and antimicrobial activity. A total of 272 endophytic fungi was obtained. These belonged to nine different genera: Alternaria, Colletotrichum, Diaporthe, Epicoccum, Fusarium, Pestalotiopsis, Phyllosticta, Xylaria, and Cryptococcus. Notably, Diaporthe foliorum was introduced as a new species, with accompanying morphological descriptions, illustrations, and a multigene phylogenetic analysis (using ITS, TEF1, TUB, HIS, and CAL). Among the 26 fungal morphotypes evaluated for antimicrobial activity, five strains had inhibitory effects against pathogenic microorganisms. Xylaria allantoidea CMRP1424 extracts showed antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Staphylococcus aureus. Diaporthe terebinthifolii CMRP1430 and CMRP1436 showed antimicrobial activity against E. coli, P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, and C. albicans. Meanwhile, D. foliorum CMRP1321 and D. malorum CMRP1438 extracts inhibited C. albicans alone. Three classes of chemical compounds were identified in D. foliorum CMRP1438 extracts: ferric chloride, potassium hydroxide, and vanillin-sulfuric acid. In conclusion, the endophytic isolates were able to produce bioactive agents with pharmaceutical potential as antibacterial and antifungal agents. As such, they may provide fresh leads in the search for new, biological sources of drug therapies., (© 2021. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, part of Springer Nature.)
- Published
- 2021
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29. A trimodular bacterial enzyme combining hydrolytic activity with oxidative glycosidic bond cleavage efficiently degrades chitin.
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Mekasha S, Tuveng TR, Askarian F, Choudhary S, Schmidt-Dannert C, Niebisch A, Modregger J, Vaaje-Kolstad G, and Eijsink VGH
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- Actinobacteria metabolism, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Catalysis, Cellulose metabolism, Chitin metabolism, Glycoside Hydrolases metabolism, Glycosides metabolism, Hydrolysis, Mixed Function Oxygenases metabolism, Oxidation-Reduction, Oxidative Stress physiology, Polysaccharides metabolism, Substrate Specificity, Actinobacteria enzymology, Chitinases metabolism
- Abstract
Findings from recent studies have indicated that enzymes containing more than one catalytic domain may be particularly powerful in the degradation of recalcitrant polysaccharides such as chitin and cellulose. Some known multicatalytic enzymes contain several glycoside hydrolase domains and one or more carbohydrate-binding modules (CBMs). Here, using bioinformatics and biochemical analyses, we identified an enzyme, Jd 1381 from the actinobacterium Jonesia denitrificans , that uniquely combines two different polysaccharide-degrading activities. We found that Jd 1381 contains an N-terminal family AA10 lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO), a family 5 chitin-binding domain (CBM5), and a family 18 chitinase (Chi18) domain. The full-length enzyme, which seems to be the only chitinase produced by J. denitrificans , degraded both α- and β-chitin. Both the chitinase and the LPMO activities of Jd 1381 were similar to those of other individual chitinases and LPMOs, and the overall efficiency of chitin degradation by full-length Jd 1381 depended on its chitinase and LPMO activities. Of note, the chitin-degrading activity of Jd 1381 was comparable with or exceeded the activities of combinations of well-known chitinases and an LPMO from Serratia marcescens Importantly, comparison of the chitinolytic efficiency of Jd 1381 with the efficiencies of combinations of truncated variants- Jd LPMO10 and Jd CBM5-Chi18 or Jd LPMO10-CBM5 and Jd Chi18-indicated that optimal Jd 1381 activity requires close spatial proximity of the LPMO10 and the Chi18 domains. The demonstration of intramolecular synergy between LPMOs and hydrolytic enzymes reported here opens new avenues toward the development of efficient catalysts for biomass conversion., Competing Interests: Conflict of interest—The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest with the contents of this article., (© 2020 Mekasha et al.)
- Published
- 2020
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30. Discovery of Antifungal and Biofilm Preventative Compounds from Mycelial Cultures of a Unique North American Hericium sp. Fungus.
- Author
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Song X, Gaascht F, Schmidt-Dannert C, and Salomon CE
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- Agaricales growth & development, Biofilms, Mycelium growth & development, Agaricales chemistry, Antifungal Agents chemistry, Antifungal Agents pharmacology, Candida albicans growth & development, Mycelium chemistry
- Abstract
Edible mushrooms are an important source of nutraceuticals and for the discovery of bioactive metabolites as pharmaceuticals. In this work, the OSMAC (One Strain, Many Active Compounds) approach was used to isolate two new compounds ( 1 and 2 ) along with seven known compounds ( 3 - 9 ) from a mycelial culture of a unique North American edible mushroom Hericium sp. The fruiting body was collected in Marine on St. Croix, Minnesota (USA), and mycelial cultures were grown on four different solid and liquid media. Extracts from the mycelial cultures were screened for antimicrobial activity and only the extract from the Cheerios substrate culture exhibited antifungal activity. Bioassay guided fractionation and HPLC analysis were used to isolate nine pure compounds and the structures of the known compounds were established by analysis of the NMR and mass spectrometry data and comparison to published reports. Compound 1 is a new erinacerin alkaloid and 2 is an aldehyde derivative of 4-hydroxy chroman. Four chlorinated orcinol derivatives ( 3 - 6 ), a pyran ( 7 ), erinaceolactone ( 8 ), and erinacine ( 9 ) were identified. Compound 4 showed antifungal activity against C. albicans and C. neoformans (MIC = 31.3-62.5 μg/mL, respectively). Compound 4 also inhibited biofilm formation of C. albicans and C. neoformans at 7.8 μg/mL. These results suggest that mycelial cultures of edible fungi may provide useful, bioactive compounds.
- Published
- 2020
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31. Developing a Protein Scaffolding System for Rapid Enzyme Immobilization and Optimization of Enzyme Functions for Biocatalysis.
- Author
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Zhang G, Johnston T, Quin MB, and Schmidt-Dannert C
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- Alcohol Dehydrogenase metabolism, Biocatalysis, Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel, Enzymes, Enzymes, Immobilized chemistry, Enzymes, Immobilized metabolism, Salmonella enterica enzymology, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Synthetic Biology methods
- Abstract
Immobilization of enzymes is required for most biocatalytic processes, but chemistries used in enzyme immobilization are limited and can be challenging. Genetically encoded protein-based biomaterials could provide easy-to-use immobilization platforms for biocatalysts. We recently developed a self-assembling protein scaffold that covalently immobilized SpyTagged enzymes by engineering the bacterial microcompartment protein EutM from Salmonella enterica with a SpyCatcher domain. We also identified a range of EutM homologues as robust protein nanostructures with diverse architectures and electrostatic surface properties. In this work, we created a modular immobilization platform with tunable surface properties by developing a toolbox of self-assembling, robust EutM-SpyCatcher scaffolds. Using an alcohol dehydrogenase as model biocatalyst, we show that the scaffolds improve enzyme activity and stability. This work provides a modular, easy-to-use immobilization system that can be tailored for the optimal function of biocatalysts of interest.
- Published
- 2019
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32. Ascomycete Aspergillus oryzae Is an Efficient Expression Host for Production of Basidiomycete Terpenes by Using Genomic DNA Sequences.
- Author
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Nagamine S, Liu C, Nishishita J, Kozaki T, Sogahata K, Sato Y, Minami A, Ozaki T, Schmidt-Dannert C, Maruyama JI, and Oikawa H
- Subjects
- Microorganisms, Genetically-Modified metabolism, Multigene Family, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases metabolism, Aspergillus oryzae metabolism, Basidiomycota genetics, Eurotiales metabolism, Genes, Fungal, Terpenes metabolism
- Abstract
Basidiomycete fungi are an attractive resource for biologically active natural products for use in pharmaceutically relevant compounds. Recently, genome projects on mushroom fungi have provided a great deal of biosynthetic gene cluster information. However, functional analyses of the gene clusters for natural products were largely unexplored because of the difficulty of cDNA preparation and lack of gene manipulation tools for basidiomycete fungi. To develop a versatile host for basidiomycete genes, we examined gene expression using genomic DNA sequences in the robust ascomycete host Aspergillus oryzae , which is frequently used for the production of metabolites from filamentous fungi. Exhaustive expression of 30 terpene synthase genes from the basidiomycetes Clitopilus pseudo-pinsitus and Stereum hirsutum showed two splicing patterns, i.e., completely spliced cDNAs giving terpenes (15 cases) and mostly spliced cDNAs, indicating that A. oryzae correctly spliced most introns at the predicted positions and lengths. The mostly spliced cDNAs were expressed after PCR-based removal of introns, resulting in the successful production of terpenes (14 cases). During this study, we observed relatively frequent mispredictions in the automated program. Hence, the complementary use of A. oryzae expression and automated prediction will be a powerful tool for genome mining. IMPORTANCE The recent large influx of genome sequences from basidiomycetes, which are prolific producers of bioactive natural products, may provide opportunities to develop novel drug candidates. The development of a reliable expression system is essential for the genome mining of natural products because of the lack of a tractable host for heterologous expression of basidiomycete genes. For this purpose, we applied the ascomycete Aspergillus oryzae system for the direct expression of fungal natural product biosynthetic genes from genomic DNA. Using this system, 29 sesquiterpene synthase genes and diterpene biosynthetic genes for bioactive pleuromutilin were successfully expressed. Together with the use of computational tools for intron prediction, this Aspergillus oryzae system represents a practical method for the production of basidiomycete natural products., (Copyright © 2019 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2019
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33. Expression of the Fusarium graminearum terpenome and involvement of the endoplasmic reticulum-derived toxisome.
- Author
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Flynn CM, Broz K, Jonkers W, Schmidt-Dannert C, and Kistler HC
- Subjects
- Carbon-Carbon Lyases genetics, Carbon-Carbon Lyases metabolism, Cyclohexenes metabolism, Fusarium genetics, Mycotoxins metabolism, Polyisoprenyl Phosphates metabolism, Cytoplasmic Vesicles metabolism, Endoplasmic Reticulum metabolism, Fusarium metabolism, Sesquiterpenes metabolism
- Abstract
The sesquiterpenoid deoxynivalenol (DON) is an important trichothecene mycotoxin produced by the cereal pathogen Fusarium graminearum. DON is synthesized in specialized subcellular structures called toxisomes. The first step in DON synthesis is catalyzed by the sesquiterpene synthase (STS), Tri5 (trichodiene synthase), resulting in the cyclization of farnesyl diphosphate (FPP) to produce the sesquiterpene trichodiene. Tri5 is one of eight putative STSs in the F. graminearum genome. To better understand the F. graminearum terpenome, the volatile and soluble fractions of fungal cultures were sampled. Stringent regulation of sesquiterpene accumulation was observed. When grown in trichothecene induction medium, the fungus produces trichothecenes as well as several volatile non-trichothecene related sesquiterpenes, whereas no volatile terpenes were detected when grown in non-inducing medium. Surprisingly, a Δtri5 deletion strain grown in inducing conditions not only ceased accumulation of trichothecenes, but also failed to produce the non-trichothecene related sesquiterpenes. To test whether Tri5 from F. graminearum may be a promiscuous STS directly producing all observed sesquiterpenes, Tri5 was cloned and expressed in E. coli and shown to produce primarily trichodiene in addition to minor, related cyclization products. Therefore, while Tri5 expression in F. graminearum is necessary for non-trichothecene sesquiterpene biosynthesis, direct catalysis by Tri5 does not explain the sesquiterpene deficient phenotype observed in the Δtri5 strain. To test whether Tri5 protein, separate from its enzymatic activity, may be required for non-trichothecene synthesis, the Tri5 locus was replaced with an enzymatically inactive, but structurally unaffected tri5
N225D S229T allele. This allele restores non-trichothecene synthesis but not trichothecene synthesis. The tri5N225D S229T allele also restores toxisome structure which is lacking in the Δtri5 deletion strain. Our results indicate that the Tri5 protein, but not its enzymatic activity, is also required for the synthesis of non-trichothecene related sesquiterpenes and the formation of toxisomes. Toxisomes thus not only may be important for DON synthesis, but also for the synthesis of other sesquiterpene mycotoxins such as culmorin by F. graminearum., (Published by Elsevier Inc.)- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Development of a synthetic cumate-inducible gene expression system for Bacillus.
- Author
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Seo SO and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Bacillus megaterium drug effects, Bacillus subtilis drug effects, Benzoates administration & dosage, Escherichia coli genetics, Gene Expression Profiling, Genetic Vectors, Green Fluorescent Proteins genetics, Microorganisms, Genetically-Modified, Plasmids genetics, Promoter Regions, Genetic, Pseudomonas putida genetics, Regulatory Sequences, Nucleic Acid, Bacillus megaterium genetics, Bacillus subtilis genetics, Benzoates pharmacology, Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial drug effects, Genetic Engineering methods
- Abstract
A novel inducible gene expression system using p-isopropyl benzoate (cumate) as an inducer was developed for the industrial production hosts, Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus megaterium. Cumate is non-toxic to the host, inexpensive, and carbon source-independent inducer which provides an economical option for large-scale production of valuable proteins and chemicals from Bacillus strains. The synthetic cumate-inducible system was constructed by combining the strong constitutive Bacillus promoter P
veg with regulatory elements of the Pseudomonas putida, CymR repressor, and its operator sequence CuO. The designed expression cassette containing a sfGFP reporter under the cumate-inducible promoter was assembled into a Bacillus-E. coli shuttle and gene expression investigated in the two Bacillus strains. Characterization of gene expression levels, expression kinetics, and dose-response to cumate inducer concentration confirmed high-level, but tightly controlled GFP reporter expression in tunable, cumate concentration-dependent manner. Unexpectedly, this expression system works equally well for Escherichia coli, resulting in a platform that can be used both in gram-positive and gram-negative expression host. Its tight regulation and controllable expression makes this system useful for metabolic engineering, synthetic biology studies as well industrial protein production.- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
35. Protein-based scaffolds for enzyme immobilization.
- Author
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Zhang G, Schmidt-Dannert S, Quin MB, and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Biocatalysis, Biotechnology methods, Models, Molecular, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Surface Properties, Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Enzymes, Immobilized chemistry, Salmonella enterica chemistry
- Abstract
Biocatalysis is emerging as an alternative approach to chemical synthesis of industrially relevant complex molecules. To obtain suitable yields of compounds in a cost-effective manner, biocatalytic reaction cascades must be efficient, robust, and self-sufficient. One approach is to immobilize biocatalysts on a solid support, stabilizing the enzymes and providing optimal microenvironments for reaction sequences. Protein-based scaffolds can be designed as immobilization platforms for biocatalysts, enabling the genetically encoded spatial organization of single enzymes and multistep enzyme cascades. Additionally, protein scaffolds are versatile, are easily adapted, and remain robust under different reaction conditions. In this chapter, we describe methods for the design and production of a self-assembling protein scaffold system for in vitro coimmobilization of biocatalytic cascade enzymes. We provide detailed methods for the characterization of the protein scaffolds, as well as approaches to load biocatalytic cargo enzymes and test activity of immobilized cascades. In addition, we also discuss methods for the development of a scaffold building block toolbox with different surface properties, which could be adapted for a diversity of biocatalysts requiring alternative microenvironments for function., (© 2019 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Preface.
- Author
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Schmidt-Dannert C and Quin MB
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Building a toolbox of protein scaffolds for future immobilization of biocatalysts.
- Author
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Schmidt-Dannert S, Zhang G, Johnston T, Quin MB, and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Biocatalysis, Escherichia coli genetics, Phylogeny, Enzymes, Immobilized genetics, Escherichia coli Proteins genetics
- Abstract
Biological materials that are genetically encoded and can self-assemble offer great potential as immobilization platforms in industrial biocatalysis. Protein-based scaffolds can be used for the spatial organization of enzymes, to stabilize the catalysts and provide optimal microenvironments for reaction sequences. In our previous work, we created a protein scaffold for enzyme localization by engineering the bacterial microcompartment shell protein EutM from Salmonella enterica. Here, we sought to expand this work by developing a toolbox of EutM proteins with different properties, with the potential to be used for future immobilization of enzymes. We describe the bioinformatic identification of hundreds of homologs of EutM from diverse microorganisms. We specifically select 13 EutM homologs from extremophiles for characterization, based on phylogenetic analyses. We synthesize genes encoding the novel proteins, clone and express them in E. coli, and purify the proteins. In vitro characterization shows that the proteins self-assemble into robust nano- and micron-scale architectures including protein nanotubes, filaments, and scaffolds. We explore the self-assembly characteristics from a sequence-based approach and create a synthetic biology platform for the coexpression of different EutM homologs as hybrid scaffolds with integrated enzyme attachment points. This work represents a step towards our goal of generating a modular toolbox for the rapid production of self-assembling protein-based materials for enzyme immobilization.
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Sesquiterpene Synthase-3-Hydroxy-3-Methylglutaryl Coenzyme A Synthase Fusion Protein Responsible for Hirsutene Biosynthesis in Stereum hirsutum.
- Author
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Flynn CM and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Cloning, Molecular, Gene Expression Regulation, Enzymologic, Genome, Fungal, Multigene Family, Phylogeny, Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes, Recombinant Fusion Proteins metabolism, Acyl Coenzyme A genetics, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases genetics, Basidiomycota enzymology, Basidiomycota genetics, Sesquiterpenes metabolism
- Abstract
The wood-rotting mushroom Stereum hirsutum is a known producer of a large number of namesake hirsutenoids, many with important bioactivities. Hirsutenoids form a structurally diverse and distinct class of sesquiterpenoids. No genes involved in hirsutenoid biosynthesis have yet been identified or their enzymes characterized. Here, we describe the cloning and functional characterization of a hirsutene synthase as an unexpected fusion protein of a sesquiterpene synthase (STS) with a C-terminal 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme A (3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA) synthase (HMGS) domain. Both the full-length fusion protein and truncated STS domain are highly product-specific 1,11-cyclizing STS enzymes with kinetic properties typical of STSs. Complementation studies in Saccharomyces cerevisiae confirmed that the HMGS domain is also functional in vivo Phylogenetic analysis shows that the hirsutene synthase domain does not form a clade with other previously characterized sesquiterpene synthases from Basidiomycota. Comparative gene structure analysis of this hirsutene synthase with characterized fungal enzymes reveals a significantly higher intron density, suggesting that this enzyme may be acquired by horizontal gene transfer. In contrast, the HMGS domain is clearly related to other fungal homologs. This STS-HMGS fusion protein is part of a biosynthetic gene cluster that includes P450s and oxidases that are expressed and could be cloned from cDNA. Finally, this unusual fusion of a terpene synthase to an HMGS domain, which is not generally recognized as a key regulatory enzyme of the mevalonate isoprenoid precursor pathway, led to the identification of additional HMGS duplications in many fungal genomes, including the localization of HMGSs in other predicted sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic gene clusters. IMPORTANCE Hirsutenoids represent a structurally diverse class of bioactive sesquiterpenoids isolated from fungi. Identification of their biosynthetic pathways will provide access to this chemodiversity for the discovery and synthesis of molecules with new bioactivities. The identification and successful cloning of the previously elusive hirsutene synthase from the S. hirsutum provide important insights and strategies for biosynthetic gene discovery in Basidiomycota. The finding of a terpene synthase-HMGS fusion, the discovery of other sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic gene clusters with dedicated HMGS genes, and HMGS gene duplications in fungal genomes give new importance to the role of HMGS as a key regulatory enzyme in isoprenoid and sterol biosynthesis that should be exploited for metabolic engineering., (Copyright © 2018 American Society for Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. The future of biologically inspired next-generation factories for chemicals.
- Author
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Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Biotechnology trends, Green Chemistry Technology trends, Humans, Industrial Microbiology trends, Biotechnology methods, Green Chemistry Technology methods, Industrial Microbiology methods
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Construction of a BioBrick™ compatible vector system for Rhodococcus.
- Author
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Ellinger J and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology, DNA Restriction Enzymes chemistry, DNA Restriction Enzymes metabolism, Escherichia coli genetics, Escherichia coli metabolism, Gene Expression, Genes, Reporter, Genetic Vectors chemistry, Green Fluorescent Proteins genetics, Green Fluorescent Proteins metabolism, Kanamycin pharmacology, Lac Repressors metabolism, Plasmids chemistry, Promoter Regions, Genetic drug effects, Rhodococcus drug effects, Rhodococcus metabolism, Genetic Engineering methods, Genetic Vectors metabolism, Lac Repressors genetics, Plasmids metabolism, Rhodococcus genetics
- Abstract
Throughout the past decade, the field of synthetic biology has grown rapidly. By using assembly platforms such as BioBricks™, scientists can quickly and easily build gene circuits or multi-step pathways. One limitation, however, is that most of these parts were designed and characterized with Escherichia coli as the target chassis. As a consequence, there exists a lack of standardized and well characterized or BioBrick™ compatible plasmid backbones that replicate in other potential non-model chassis organisms. The Gram-positive bacteria of the genus Rhodococcus represent an interesting chassis for biotechnological applications due to their tremendous metabolic capabilities. In this report we describe our progress toward developing a BioBrick™ compatible plasmid system for Rhodococcus. We demonstrate its utility for heterologous protein expression through flow cytometric analysis of the lac promoter in the oleaginous strain Rhodococcus opacus PD630., (Copyright © 2017 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Encapsulation of multiple cargo proteins within recombinant Eut nanocompartments.
- Author
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Quin MB, Perdue SA, Hsu SY, and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Escherichia coli genetics, Escherichia coli metabolism, Escherichia coli Proteins metabolism, Nanoparticles metabolism
- Abstract
Spatial organization via encapsulation of enzymes within recombinant nanocompartments may increase efficiency in multienzyme cascades. Previously, we reported the encapsulation of single cargo proteins within nanocompartments in the heterologous host Escherichia coli. This was achieved by coexpression of the Salmonella enterica LT2 ethanolamine utilization bacterial microcompartment shell proteins EutS or EutSMNLK, with a signal sequence EutC1-19 cargo protein fusion. Optimization of this system, leading to the targeting of more than one cargo protein, requires an understanding of the encapsulation mechanism. In this work, we report that the signal sequence EutC1-19 targets cargo to the interior of nanocompartments via a hydrophobic interaction with a helix on shell protein EutS. We confirm that EutC1-19 does not interact with other Eut BMC shell proteins, EutMNLK. Furthermore, we show that a second signal sequence EutE1-21 interacts specifically with the same helix on EutS. Both signal sequences appear to compete for the same EutS helix to simultaneously colocalize two cargo proteins to the interior of recombinant nanocompartments. This work offers the first insights into signal sequence-shell protein interactions required for cargo sequestration within Eut BMCs. It also provides a basis for the future engineering of Eut nanocompartments as a platform for the potential colocalization of multienzyme cascades for synthetic biology applications.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. A roadmap for biocatalysis - functional and spatial orchestration of enzyme cascades.
- Author
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Schmidt-Dannert C and Lopez-Gallego F
- Subjects
- Metabolic Networks and Pathways, Organic Chemicals chemical synthesis, Biocatalysis, Biotechnology methods, Enzymes metabolism, Organic Chemicals metabolism
- Abstract
Advances in biological engineering and systems biology have provided new approaches and tools for the industrialization of biology. In the next decade, advanced biocatalytic systems will increasingly be used for the production of chemicals that cannot be made by current processes and/or where the use of enzyme catalysts is more resource efficient with a much reduced environmental impact. We expect that in the future, manufacture of chemicals and materials will utilize both biocatalytic and chemical synthesis synergistically. The realization of such advanced biomanufacturing processes currently faces a number of major challenges. Ready-to-deploy portfolios of biocatalysts for design to production must be created from biological diverse sources and through protein engineering. Robust and efficient multi-step enzymatic reaction cascades must be developed that can operate simultaneously in one-pot. For this to happen, bio-orthogonal strategies for spatial and temporal control of biocatalyst activities must be developed. Promising approaches and technologies are emerging that will eventually lead to the design of in vitro biocatalytic systems that mimic the metabolic pathways and networks of cellular systems which will be discussed in this roadmap., (© 2016 The Authors. Microbial Biotechnology published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd and Society for Applied Microbiology.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Genome of Diaporthe sp. provides insights into the potential inter-phylum transfer of a fungal sesquiterpenoid biosynthetic pathway.
- Author
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de Sena Filho JG, Quin MB, Spakowicz DJ, Shaw JJ, Kucera K, Dunican B, Strobel SA, and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Antineoplastic Agents metabolism, Ascomycota isolation & purification, Computational Biology, Endophytes genetics, Endophytes isolation & purification, Endophytes metabolism, Evolution, Molecular, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Sequence Homology, Ascomycota genetics, Ascomycota metabolism, Biosynthetic Pathways, Gene Transfer, Horizontal, Genome, Fungal, Sesquiterpenes metabolism
- Abstract
Fungi have highly active secondary metabolic pathways which enable them to produce a wealth of sesquiterpenoids that are bioactive. One example is Δ6-protoilludene, the precursor to the cytotoxic illudins, which are pharmaceutically relevant as anticancer therapeutics. To date, this valuable sesquiterpene has only been identified in members of the fungal division Basidiomycota. To explore the untapped potential of fungi belonging to the division Ascomycota in producing Δ6-protoilludene, we isolated a fungal endophyte Diaporthe sp. BR109 and show that it produces a diversity of terpenoids including Δ6-protoilludene. Using a genome sequencing and mining approach 17 putative novel sesquiterpene synthases were identified in Diaporthe sp. BR109. A phylogenetic approach was used to predict which gene encodes Δ6-protoilludene synthase, which was then confirmed experimentally. These analyses reveal that the sesquiterpene synthase and its putative sesquiterpene scaffold modifying cytochrome P450(s) may have been acquired by inter-phylum horizontal gene transfer from Basidiomycota to Ascomycota. Bioinformatic analyses indicate that inter-phylum transfer of these minimal sequiterpenoid secondary metabolic pathways may have occurred in other fungi. This work provides insights into the evolution of fungal sesquiterpenoid secondary metabolic pathways in the production of pharmaceutically relevant bioactive natural products., (Copyright © 2016 British Mycological Society. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Engineering formation of multiple recombinant Eut protein nanocompartments in E. coli.
- Author
-
Held M, Kolb A, Perdue S, Hsu SY, Bloch SE, Quin MB, and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Escherichia coli ultrastructure, Ethanolamine pharmacology, Genetic Engineering, Metabolic Networks and Pathways drug effects, Microscopy, Electron, Transmission, Microscopy, Fluorescence, Plasmids genetics, Plasmids metabolism, Protein Structure, Tertiary, Recombinant Proteins biosynthesis, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Salmonella enterica metabolism, Time-Lapse Imaging, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Escherichia coli metabolism
- Abstract
Compartmentalization of designed metabolic pathways within protein based nanocompartments has the potential to increase reaction efficiency in multi-step biosynthetic reactions. We previously demonstrated proof-of-concept of this aim by targeting a functional enzyme to single cellular protein nanocompartments, which were formed upon recombinant expression of the Salmonella enterica LT2 ethanolamine utilization bacterial microcompartment shell proteins EutS or EutSMNLK in Escherichia coli. To optimize this system, increasing overall encapsulated enzyme reaction efficiency, factor(s) required for the production of more than one nanocompartment per cell must be identified. In this work we report that the cupin domain protein EutQ is required for assembly of more than one nanocompartment per cell. Overexpression of EutQ results in multiple nanocompartment assembly in our recombinant system. EutQ specifically interacts with the shell protein EutM in vitro via electrostatic interactions with the putative cytosolic face of EutM. These findings lead to the theory that EutQ could facilitate multiple nanocompartment biogenesis by serving as an assembly hub for shell proteins. This work offers insights into the biogenesis of Eut bacterial microcompartments, and also provides an improved platform for the production of protein based nanocompartments for targeted encapsulation of enzyme pathways.
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Biocatalytic portfolio of Basidiomycota.
- Author
-
Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Basidiomycota genetics, Biocatalysis, Genes, Fungal, Oxidation-Reduction, Basidiomycota metabolism
- Abstract
Basidiomycota fungi have received little attention for applications in biocatalysis and biotechnology and remain greatly understudied despite their importance for carbon recycling, ecosystem functioning and medicinal properties. The steady influx of genome data has facilitated detailed studies aimed at understanding the evolution and function of fungal lignocellulose degradation. These studies and recent explorations into the secondary metabolomes have uncovered large portfolios of enzymes useful for biocatalysis and biosynthesis. This review will provide an overview of the biocatalytic repertoires of Basidiomycota characterized to date with the hope of motivation more research into the chemical toolkits of this diverse group of fungi., (Copyright © 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. Structural and functional characterization of a small chitin-active lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase domain of a multi-modular chitinase from Jonesia denitrificans.
- Author
-
Mekasha S, Forsberg Z, Dalhus B, Bacik JP, Choudhary S, Schmidt-Dannert C, Vaaje-Kolstad G, and Eijsink VG
- Subjects
- Bacterial Proteins chemistry, Bacterial Proteins genetics, Binding Sites, Catalytic Domain, Cellulose chemistry, Chitin chemistry, Chitinases chemistry, Conserved Sequence, Crystallography, X-Ray, Hydrolysis, Mixed Function Oxygenases chemistry, Mixed Function Oxygenases genetics, Molecular Weight, Peptide Fragments chemistry, Peptide Fragments genetics, Peptide Fragments metabolism, Phylogeny, Protein Conformation, Protein Subunits chemistry, Protein Subunits metabolism, Recombinant Proteins chemistry, Recombinant Proteins genetics, Recombinant Proteins metabolism, Structural Homology, Protein, Substrate Specificity, Actinobacteria enzymology, Bacterial Proteins metabolism, Cellulose metabolism, Chitin metabolism, Chitinases metabolism, Mixed Function Oxygenases metabolism, Models, Molecular
- Abstract
Lytic polysaccharide monooxygenases (LPMOs) boost enzymatic depolymerization of recalcitrant polysaccharides, such as chitin and cellulose. We have studied a chitin-active LPMO domain (JdLPMO10A) that is considerably smaller (15.5 kDa) than all structurally characterized LPMOs so far and that is part of a modular protein containing a GH18 chitinase. The 1.55 Å resolution structure revealed deletions of interacting loops that protrude from the core β-sandwich scaffold in larger LPMO10s. Despite these deletions, the enzyme is active on alpha- and beta-chitin, and the chitin-binding surface previously described for larger LPMOs is fully conserved. JdLPMO10A may represent a minimal scaffold needed to catalyse the powerful LPMO reaction., (© 2015 Federation of European Biochemical Societies.)
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Moonlighting Metals: Insights into Regulation of Cyclization Pathways in Fungal Δ(6) -Protoilludene Sesquiterpene Synthases.
- Author
-
Quin MB, Michel SN, and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Alkyl and Aryl Transferases chemistry, Cyclization, Metals chemistry, Polycyclic Sesquiterpenes, Sesquiterpenes chemistry, Alkyl and Aryl Transferases metabolism, Basidiomycota enzymology, Metals metabolism, Sesquiterpenes metabolism
- Abstract
Fungal 1,11 cyclizing sesquiterpene synthases are product specific under typical reaction conditions. However, in vivo expression of certain Δ(6)-protoilludene synthases results in dual 1,11 and 1,10 cyclization. To determine the factors regulating this mechanistic variation, in-depth in vitro characterization of Δ(6)-protoilludene synthases was conducted. Divalent metal ions determine cyclization specificity and this product variability. Promiscuity in metal binding is mediated by secondary metal-binding sites away from the conserved D(D/E)XX(D/E) motif in sesquiterpene synthases. Phylogenetic analysis revealed a divergent evolution of Basidiomycota trans-humulyl cation producing sesquiterpene synthases, results that indicate a wider diversity in function than previously predicted. This study provides key insights into the function and evolution of 1,11 cyclizing fungal sesquiterpene synthases., (© 2015 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Biosynthesis of terpenoid natural products in fungi.
- Author
-
Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Amino Acid Sequence, Biological Products chemistry, Chemistry, Pharmaceutical methods, Enzymes chemistry, Gene Deletion, Genetic Engineering methods, Industrial Microbiology methods, Molecular Sequence Data, Multigene Family, Phylogeny, Sequence Homology, Amino Acid, Fungi metabolism, Terpenes chemistry
- Abstract
Tens of thousands of terpenoid natural products have been isolated from plants and microbial sources. Higher fungi (Ascomycota and Basidiomycota) are known to produce an array of well-known terpenoid natural products, including mycotoxins, antibiotics, antitumor compounds, and phytohormones. Except for a few well-studied fungal biosynthetic pathways, the majority of genes and biosynthetic pathways responsible for the biosynthesis of a small number of these secondary metabolites have only been discovered and characterized in the past 5-10 years. This chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the current knowledge on fungal terpenoid biosynthesis from biochemical, genetic, and genomic viewpoints. Enzymes involved in synthesizing, transferring, and cyclizing the prenyl chains that form the hydrocarbon scaffolds of fungal terpenoid natural products are systematically discussed. Genomic information and functional evidence suggest differences between the terpenome of the two major fungal phyla--the Ascomycota and Basidiomycota--which will be illustrated for each group of terpenoid natural products.
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. NextGen microbial natural products discovery.
- Author
-
Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Bacteria genetics, Bacteria isolation & purification, Drug Discovery, Fungi genetics, Fungi metabolism, Bacteria metabolism, Biological Products metabolism, Fungi isolation & purification, High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. Construction of a chimeric biosynthetic pathway for the de novo biosynthesis of rosmarinic acid in Escherichia coli.
- Author
-
Bloch SE and Schmidt-Dannert C
- Subjects
- Caffeic Acids chemistry, Caffeic Acids metabolism, Cinnamates chemistry, Coumaric Acids chemistry, Coumaric Acids metabolism, Depsides chemistry, Escherichia coli enzymology, Escherichia coli Proteins metabolism, Metabolic Engineering, Plant Proteins genetics, Plant Proteins metabolism, Plants enzymology, Plants metabolism, Plasmids genetics, Plasmids metabolism, Rosmarinic Acid, Cinnamates metabolism, Depsides metabolism, Escherichia coli metabolism
- Abstract
Hydroxycinnamic acid esters (HCEs) are widely-distributed phenylpropanoid-derived plant natural products. Rosmarinic acid (RA), the most well-known HCE, shows promise as a treatment for cancer and neurological disorders. In contrast to extraction from plant material or plant cell culture, microbial production of HCEs could be a sustainable, controlled means of production. Through the overexpression of a six-enzyme chimeric bacterial and plant pathway, we show the de novo biosynthesis of RA, and the related HCE isorinic acid (IA), in Escherichia coli. Probing the pathway through precursor supplementation showed several potential pathway bottlenecks. We demonstrated HCE biosynthesis using three plant rosmarinic acid synthase (RAS) orthologues, which exhibited different levels of HCE biosynthesis but produced the same ratio of IA to RA. This work serves as a proof-of-concept for a microbial production platform for HCEs by using a modular biosynthetic approach to access diverse natural and non-natural HCEs., (© 2014 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.)
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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