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1. Zu den Bildern dieser Ausgabe

Author

Brunner, Markus, primary, Eichler, Lutz, additional, Knasmüller, Florian, additional, König, Julia, additional, Niendorf, Johanna, additional, Schmidt, Johanna M., additional, Uhlig, Tom D., additional, and Winter, Sebastian, additional

Published
2024
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2. Editorial

Author

Brunner, Markus, primary, Eichler, Lutz, additional, Knasmüller, Florian, additional, König, Julia, additional, Niendorf, Johanna, additional, Schmidt, Johanna M., additional, Uhlig, Tom D., additional, and Winter, Sebastian, additional

Published
2024
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3. Mental Health of Trans and Gender Diverse People in Aotearoa/New Zealand: A Review of the Social Determinants of Inequities

Author

Tan, Kyle K.H., Schmidt, Johanna M., Ellis, Sonja J., and Veale, Jaimie F.

Subjects
Maori (New Zealand people) -- Research -- Health aspects, Transgender people -- Research -- Health aspects, Online searching -- Research -- Health aspects, Mental health -- Research -- Health aspects, Databases, Psychology and mental health
Abstract

The effects of health inequities on transgender (or trans) and gender diverse populations have been well documented internationally. Studies that compared the mental health of trans and gender diverse populations to cisgender populations found significant inequities for mental health problems. There has been very little research on this topic, however, from Aotearoa/New Zealand. We conducted database search in the PsycINFO, as well as manual searches for published grey literature in Aotearoa/New Zealand to identify theoretical and empirical literature on social determinants of health and related frameworks to explain the effects of social environments on health inequities experienced by trans and gender diverse people. We also complement international studies by considering Maori and Pacific trans and gender diverse identities and the ramifications of colonisation on the mental health and wellbeing of these populations. Keywords: Transgender, Gender Diverse, Mental Health, Social Determinants of Health., Scope of Research This review examines mental health and wellbeing, and the social determinants that lead to mental health problems among transgender and gender diverse (TGD) people in Aotearoa/New Zealand. [...]

Published
2019

4. Editorial.

Author

Brunner, Markus, Eichler, Lutz, Knasmüller, Florian, König, Julia, Niendorf, Johanna, Schmidt, Johanna M., Uhlig, Tom D., and Winter, Sebastian

Published
2023
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5. 'It's how the world around you treats you for being trans': mental health and wellbeing of transgender people in Aotearoa New Zealand.

Author

Tan, Kyle K. H., Schmidt, Johanna M., Ellis, Sonja J., Veale, Jaimie F., and Byrne, Jack L.

Subjects
*WELL-being, *GENDER affirming care, *HEALTH services accessibility, *SOCIAL support, *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology), *SELF-perception, *MENTAL health, *SOCIAL stigma, *GOODNESS-of-fit tests, *MEDICAL care, *QUALITATIVE research, *GENDER identity, *SURVEYS, *PSYCHOSOCIAL factors, *MINORITY stress, *DESCRIPTIVE statistics, *CLINICAL competence, *THEMATIC analysis, *DATA analysis software, *TRANSGENDER people, *MENTAL health services, *SECONDARY analysis, *MEDICAL needs assessment
Abstract

Globally, transgender people have been described as a highly marginalised population due to cisgenderism that delegitimises their gender identities and expressions. Despite robust evidence from many countries noting the association of discrimination and stigma for being transgender with heightened mental health risks, qualitative research that examines the nuances of mental health indicators using health equity frameworks has been scant both in Aotearoa/New Zealand and overseas. Using an inductive thematic approach, this paper analysed 222 open-text responses in the mental health section of the 2018 Counting Ourselves: Aotearoa New Zealand, Trans and Non-binary Health Survey. Our findings showed four overarching themes: gender-affirming healthcare, mental healthcare services and accessibility, gender minority stress, and self-affirmation and social support. Participants' narratives described pervasive gender minority stress experiences in gender-affirming and mental healthcare services, including unmet healthcare needs, lack of competency in healthcare delivery, and pathologisation of their genders. In social settings, our participants commonly reported discrimination and violence, although they also reported that self-affirmation strategies and social support offset the impacts of gender minority stress on their mental health. The current findings indicate the importance of exploring mental health outcomes for transgender people in relation to cisgenderism and resultant gender minority stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2022
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6. Insecure, unpredictable, hoping to survive: Four cases of Māori people living precariously in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand

Author

Neilson, David, Schmidt, Johanna M., Tauri, Juan Marcellus, Neilson, David, Schmidt, Johanna M., and Tauri, Juan Marcellus

Abstract

A conceptualisation of precarity is introduced and adopted. A critique of contemporary conceptualisations of precarity is presented, drawing especially on Stuart Hall’s interpretation of articulation and Marx’s concept of relative surplus population. Much of the literature on precarity focusses on the neoliberal mode of contemporary capitalism originating in the late 1970s. However, there is limited literature which explores precarity as a way of life. A precarious way of life is characterised by interacting forms of precarity which embed insecurity, instability, and unpredictability in the everyday lives of real people. An account of the Māori experience of precarity since the pre-colonial era to the present-day is presented. Māori are the indigenous people of Aotearoa New Zealand who were colonised by the British Empire in the 1800s. The main research questions addressed in my thesis are: What forms of precarity are present in the everyday context? How do forms of precarity relate to each other? How do forms of precarity relate to being Māori? What kinds of support do those living with precarity gain from social structures, institutions, and social actors? What is the role of culture in the way Māori experience and mediate precarity? An analysis of semi-structured in-depth engagements with Māori people living precariously in Hamilton, Aotearoa New Zealand in 2016, based on four case studies, shows the character and significance of forms, sources, and effects of precarity in everyday life. As historical processes continue to overdetermine experiences of social structures and institutions in the present, in a contemporary capitalist context precarity arises from a wide range of interacting sources, forms, and effects of precarity. Among the different kinds of actors and organisations which comprise the support systems constructed to mediate precarity in the everyday context, cultural practices and resources can play a significant role for people who are culturally c

Published
2021

7. Mental health of transgender people in Aotearoa/New Zealand: Inequities, minority stress, and protective factors

Author

Veale, Jaimie, Schmidt, Johanna M., Ellis, Sonja J., Veale, Jaimie, Schmidt, Johanna M., and Ellis, Sonja J.

Abstract

In 2018, the Counting Ourselves: Aotearoa/New Zealand Trans and Non-Binary Health Survey recruited a total of 1,178 transgender people aged 14 or older (Mage = 29.5) who lived in Aotearoa/New Zealand. This comprehensive survey included mental health measures from Aotearoa/New Zealand population-based surveys, as well as questions specific to experiences of being a transgender person, which were either adopted from overseas transgender surveys or developed in consultation with the project’s community advisory group. The study recruited participants using various recruitment techniques, such as advertising on social media (e.g., Facebook), making connections with transgender community organisations, and reaching out to the network of academic researchers and health professionals working in the field of transgender health. This thesis comprises two review studies and three empirical studies that report findings from the Counting Ourselves survey. Informed by the health equity perspective of LGBTQ-affirmative psychology, these studies fill in the literature gap related to transgender people in Aotearoa/New Zealand by (1) critically reviewing existing literature on Gender minority stress theory, and putting forward a framework that aligns with the understanding of cisgenderism as a marginalising prejudice for transgender people; (2) drawing on existing transgender research in Aotearoa/New Zealand to provide an overview of the social determinants of mental health for transgender people in Aotearoa/New Zealand; (3) examining the extent of mental health inequities affecting transgender people relative to the Aotearoa/New Zealand general population across all age groups; (4) exploring the predictive power of transgender-specific enacted stigma and protective factors on mental health outcomes of transgender people; and (5) using an inductive thematic analysis to analyse qualitative comments from an open-ended question to understand the nuances of mental health indicators affe

Published
2021

9. Cohort Profile: Growing Up in New Zealand

Author

Morton, Susan M B, Atatoa Carr, Polly E, Grant, Cameron C, Robinson, Elizabeth M, Bandara, Dinusha K, Bird, Amy, Ivory, Vivienne C, Kingi, Te Kani R, Liang, Renee, Marks, Emma J, Perese, Lana M, Peterson, Elizabeth R, Pryor, Jan E, Reese, Elaine, Schmidt, Johanna M, Waldie, Karen E, and Wall, Clare

Published
2013
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13. MUTATIONS IN BNC2 LEAD TO AUTOSOMAL-DOMINANT LOWER URINARY TRACT OBSTRUCTION (LUTO)

Author

Kolvenbach, Caroline M., Frese, Sandra K., Dworschak, Gabriel C., Japp, Anna, Schmidt, Johanna M., Zaniew, Martin, Newman, William, Beaman, Glenda, Stuart, Helen, Woolf, Adrian S., Cervellione, Raimondo, Roesch, Wolfgang, Weber, Stefanie, Merz, Waldtraut, Hildebrandt, Friedhelm, Feldkoetter, Markus, Hoppe, Bernd, Thiele, Holger, Altmueller, Lanine, Berg, Christoph, Ludwig, Michael, Grote, Philipp, Renner, Heiko, Odermatt, Benjamin, Hilger, Alina C., Kolvenbach, Caroline M., Frese, Sandra K., Dworschak, Gabriel C., Japp, Anna, Schmidt, Johanna M., Zaniew, Martin, Newman, William, Beaman, Glenda, Stuart, Helen, Woolf, Adrian S., Cervellione, Raimondo, Roesch, Wolfgang, Weber, Stefanie, Merz, Waldtraut, Hildebrandt, Friedhelm, Feldkoetter, Markus, Hoppe, Bernd, Thiele, Holger, Altmueller, Lanine, Berg, Christoph, Ludwig, Michael, Grote, Philipp, Renner, Heiko, Odermatt, Benjamin, and Hilger, Alina C.

Published
2018

14. Mutations in six nephrosis genes delineate a pathogenic pathway amenable to treatment

Author

Ashraf, Shazia, primary, Kudo, Hiroki, additional, Rao, Jia, additional, Kikuchi, Atsuo, additional, Widmeier, Eugen, additional, Lawson, Jennifer A., additional, Tan, Weizhen, additional, Hermle, Tobias, additional, Warejko, Jillian K., additional, Shril, Shirlee, additional, Airik, Merlin, additional, Jobst-Schwan, Tilman, additional, Lovric, Svjetlana, additional, Braun, Daniela A., additional, Gee, Heon Yung, additional, Schapiro, David, additional, Majmundar, Amar J., additional, Sadowski, Carolin E., additional, Pabst, Werner L., additional, Daga, Ankana, additional, van der Ven, Amelie T., additional, Schmidt, Johanna M., additional, Low, Boon Chuan, additional, Gupta, Anjali Bansal, additional, Tripathi, Brajendra K., additional, Wong, Jenny, additional, Campbell, Kirk, additional, Metcalfe, Kay, additional, Schanze, Denny, additional, Niihori, Tetsuya, additional, Kaito, Hiroshi, additional, Nozu, Kandai, additional, Tsukaguchi, Hiroyasu, additional, Tanaka, Ryojiro, additional, Hamahira, Kiyoshi, additional, Kobayashi, Yasuko, additional, Takizawa, Takumi, additional, Funayama, Ryo, additional, Nakayama, Keiko, additional, Aoki, Yoko, additional, Kumagai, Naonori, additional, Iijima, Kazumoto, additional, Fehrenbach, Henry, additional, Kari, Jameela A., additional, El Desoky, Sherif, additional, Jalalah, Sawsan, additional, Bogdanovic, Radovan, additional, Stajić, Nataša, additional, Zappel, Hildegard, additional, Rakhmetova, Assel, additional, Wassmer, Sharon-Rose, additional, Jungraithmayr, Therese, additional, Strehlau, Juergen, additional, Kumar, Aravind Selvin, additional, Bagga, Arvind, additional, Soliman, Neveen A., additional, Mane, Shrikant M., additional, Kaufman, Lewis, additional, Lowy, Douglas R., additional, Jairajpuri, Mohamad A., additional, Lifton, Richard P., additional, Pei, York, additional, Zenker, Martin, additional, Kure, Shigeo, additional, and Hildebrandt, Friedhelm, additional

Published
2018
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15. ISL1 is a major susceptibility gene for classic bladder exstrophy and a regulator of urinary tract development

Author

Zhang, Rong, Knapp, Michael, Suzuki, Kentaro, Kajioka, Daiki, Schmidt, Johanna M., Winkler, Jonas, Yilmaz, Oeznur, Pleschka, Michael, Cao, Jia, Kockum, Christina Clementson, Barker, Gillian, Holmdahl, Gundela, Beaman, Glenda, Keene, David, Woolf, Adrian S., Cervellione, Raimondo M., Cheng, Wei, Wilkins, Simon, Gearhart, John P., Sirchia, Fabio, Di Grazia, Massimo, Ebert, Anne-Karolin, Roesch, Wolfgang, Ellinger, Joerg, Jenetzky, Ekkehart, Zwink, Nadine, Feitz, Wout F., Marcelis, Carlo, Schumacher, Johannes, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Hibberd, Martin Lloyd, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Barth, Sandra, Boyadjiev, Simeon A., Brusco, Alfredo, Ludwig, Michael, Newman, William, Nordenskjold, Agneta, Yamada, Gen, Odermatt, Benjamin, Reutter, Heiko, Zhang, Rong, Knapp, Michael, Suzuki, Kentaro, Kajioka, Daiki, Schmidt, Johanna M., Winkler, Jonas, Yilmaz, Oeznur, Pleschka, Michael, Cao, Jia, Kockum, Christina Clementson, Barker, Gillian, Holmdahl, Gundela, Beaman, Glenda, Keene, David, Woolf, Adrian S., Cervellione, Raimondo M., Cheng, Wei, Wilkins, Simon, Gearhart, John P., Sirchia, Fabio, Di Grazia, Massimo, Ebert, Anne-Karolin, Roesch, Wolfgang, Ellinger, Joerg, Jenetzky, Ekkehart, Zwink, Nadine, Feitz, Wout F., Marcelis, Carlo, Schumacher, Johannes, Martinon-Torres, Federico, Hibberd, Martin Lloyd, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, Barth, Sandra, Boyadjiev, Simeon A., Brusco, Alfredo, Ludwig, Michael, Newman, William, Nordenskjold, Agneta, Yamada, Gen, Odermatt, Benjamin, and Reutter, Heiko

Abstract

Previously genome-wide association methods in patients with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) found association with ISL1, a master control gene expressed in pericloacal mesenchyme. This study sought to further explore the genetics in a larger set of patients following-up on the most promising genomic regions previously reported. Genotypes of 12 markers obtained from 268 CBE patients of Australian, British, German Italian, Spanish and Swedish origin and 1,354 ethnically matched controls and from 92 CBE case-parent trios from North America were analysed. Only marker rs6874700 at the ISL1 locus showed association (p = 2.22 x 10(-08)). A meta-analysis of rs6874700 of our previous and present study showed a p value of 9.2 x 10(-19). Developmental biology models were used to clarify the location of ISL1 activity in the forming urinary tract. Genetic lineage analysis of Isl1-expressing cells by the lineage tracer mouse model showed Isl1-expressing cells in the urinary tract of mouse embryos at E10.5 and distributed in the bladder at E15.5. Expression of isl1 in zebrafish larvae staged 48 hpf was detected in a small region of the developing pronephros. Our study supports ISL1 as a major susceptibility gene for CBE and as a regulator of urinary tract development.

Published
2017
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17. ISL1 is a major susceptibility gene for classic bladder exstrophy and a regulator of urinary tract development

Author

Zhang, Rong, primary, Knapp, Michael, additional, Suzuki, Kentaro, additional, Kajioka, Daiki, additional, Schmidt, Johanna M., additional, Winkler, Jonas, additional, Yilmaz, Öznur, additional, Pleschka, Michael, additional, Cao, Jia, additional, Kockum, Christina Clementson, additional, Barker, Gillian, additional, Holmdahl, Gundela, additional, Beaman, Glenda, additional, Keene, David, additional, Woolf, Adrian S., additional, Cervellione, Raimondo M., additional, Cheng, Wei, additional, Wilkins, Simon, additional, Gearhart, John P., additional, Sirchia, Fabio, additional, Di Grazia, Massimo, additional, Ebert, Anne-Karolin, additional, Rösch, Wolfgang, additional, Ellinger, Jörg, additional, Jenetzky, Ekkehart, additional, Zwink, Nadine, additional, Feitz, Wout F., additional, Marcelis, Carlo, additional, Schumacher, Johannes, additional, Martinón-Torres, Federico, additional, Hibberd, Martin Lloyd, additional, Khor, Chiea Chuen, additional, Heilmann-Heimbach, Stefanie, additional, Barth, Sandra, additional, Boyadjiev, Simeon A., additional, Brusco, Alfredo, additional, Ludwig, Michael, additional, Newman, William, additional, Nordenskjöld, Agneta, additional, Yamada, Gen, additional, Odermatt, Benjamin, additional, and Reutter, Heiko, additional

Published
2017
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18. Twist1 induces distinct cell states depending on TGFBR1-activation

Author

Dragoi, Diana, primary, Krattenmacher, Anja, additional, Mishra, Vivek K., additional, Schmidt, Johanna M., additional, Kloos, Uwe J., additional, Meixner, Lisa K., additional, Hauck, Stefanie M., additional, Buggenthin, Felix, additional, Schwartz, Dennis, additional, Marr, Carsten, additional, Johnsen, Steven A., additional, and Scheel, Christina H., additional

Published
2016
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19. Genome-wide Association Study and Meta-Analysis Identify ISL1 as Genome-wide Significant Susceptibility Gene for Bladder Exstrophy

Author

Draaken, Markus, primary, Knapp, Michael, additional, Pennimpede, Tracie, additional, Schmidt, Johanna M., additional, Ebert, Anne-Karolin, additional, Rösch, Wolfgang, additional, Stein, Raimund, additional, Utsch, Boris, additional, Hirsch, Karin, additional, Boemers, Thomas M., additional, Mangold, Elisabeth, additional, Heilmann, Stefanie, additional, Ludwig, Kerstin U., additional, Jenetzky, Ekkehart, additional, Zwink, Nadine, additional, Moebus, Susanne, additional, Herrmann, Bernhard G., additional, Mattheisen, Manuel, additional, Nöthen, Markus M., additional, Ludwig, Michael, additional, and Reutter, Heiko, additional

Published
2015
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20. Stem-Cell-like Properties and Epithelial Plasticity Arise as Stable Traits after Transient Twist1 Activation

Author

Schmidt, Johanna M., primary, Panzilius, Elena, additional, Bartsch, Harald S., additional, Irmler, Martin, additional, Beckers, Johannes, additional, Kari, Vijayalakshmi, additional, Linnemann, Jelena R., additional, Dragoi, Diana, additional, Hirschi, Benjamin, additional, Kloos, Uwe J., additional, Sass, Steffen, additional, Theis, Fabian, additional, Kahlert, Steffen, additional, Johnsen, Steven A., additional, Sotlar, Karl, additional, and Scheel, Christina H., additional

Published
2015
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22. Cohort profile: growing up in New Zealand

Author

Morton, Susan, Atatoa Carr, Polly E, Grant, Cameron, Robinson, Elizabeth M, Bandara, Dinusha K, Bird, Amy L, Ivory, Viivienne C, Kingi, Te Kani R, Liang, Renee, Marks, Emma J, Perese, Lana J, Peterson, Elilzabeth R, Pryor, Jan E, Reese, Elaine, Schmidt, Johanna M, Waldie, Karen E, Wall, Clare, Morton, Susan, Atatoa Carr, Polly E, Grant, Cameron, Robinson, Elizabeth M, Bandara, Dinusha K, Bird, Amy L, Ivory, Viivienne C, Kingi, Te Kani R, Liang, Renee, Marks, Emma J, Perese, Lana J, Peterson, Elilzabeth R, Pryor, Jan E, Reese, Elaine, Schmidt, Johanna M, Waldie, Karen E, and Wall, Clare

Published
2012

23. ISL1 is a major susceptibility gene for classic bladder exstrophy and a regulator of urinary tract development

Author

Fabio Sirchia, Adrian S. Woolf, Jonas Winkler, Chiea Chuen Khor, Simon Wilkins, Benjamin Odermatt, Johanna M. Schmidt, Wolfgang Rösch, Johannes Schumacher, Ekkehart Jenetzky, Öznur Yilmaz, Heiko Reutter, Christina Clementson Kockum, Michael Ludwig, Simeon A. Boyadjiev, Gillian Barker, David Keene, Federico Martinón-Torres, Anne K. Ebert, Jia Cao, Daiki Kajioka, William G. Newman, Rong Zhang, Sandra Barth, Jörg Ellinger, Nadine Zwink, Michael Knapp, John P. Gearhart, Michael Pleschka, Carlo Marcelis, Glenda M. Beaman, Stefanie Heilmann-Heimbach, Kentaro Suzuki, Gen Yamada, Agneta Nordenskjöld, Wout F.J. Feitz, Alfredo Brusco, Gundela Holmdahl, Raimondo M. Cervellione, Wei Cheng, Massimo Di Grazia, Martin L. Hibberd, Zhang, Rong, Knapp, Michael, Suzuki, Kentaro, Kajioka, Daiki, Schmidt, Johanna M., Winkler, Jona, Yilmaz, Öznur, Pleschka, Michael, Cao, Jia, Kockum, Christina Clementson, Barker, Gillian, Holmdahl, Gundela, Beaman, Glenda, Keene, David, Woolf, Adrian S., Cervellione, Raimondo M., Cheng, Wei, Wilkins, Simon, Gearhart, John P., Sirchia, Fabio, DI GRAZIA, Massimo, Ebert, Anne Karolin, Rösch, Wolfgang, Ellinger, Jörg, Jenetzky, Ekkehart, Zwink, Nadine, Feitz, Wout F., Marcelis, Carlo, Schumacher, Johanne, Martinón Torres, Federico, Hibberd, Martin Lloyd, Khor, Chiea Chuen, Heilmann Heimbach, Stefanie, Barth, Sandra, Boyadjiev, Simeon A., Brusco, Alfredo, Ludwig, Michael, Newman, William, Nordenskjöld, Agneta, Yamada, Gen, Odermatt, Benjamin, and Reutter, Heiko

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Pathology, Mesenchyme, Urinary system, Organogenesis, LIM-Homeodomain Proteins, Locus (genetics), 030105 genetics & heredity, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, bladder extrophy, Article, Pronephros, Mesoderm, 03 medical and health sciences, Mice, BEEC, bladder extrophy, urinary tract development, ISL1, Genotype, medicine, Animals, Humans, Protein Isoforms, Genetic Predisposition to Disease, BEEC, Urinary Tract, Gene, Zebrafish, Genetics, Multidisciplinary, Bladder Exstrophy, Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental, ISL1, medicine.disease, Embryo, Mammalian, urinary tract development, Bladder exstrophy, 030104 developmental biology, medicine.anatomical_structure, Reconstructive and regenerative medicine Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences [Radboudumc 10], Larva, Medical genetics, Female, Transcription Factors, Rare cancers Radboud Institute for Health Sciences [Radboudumc 9]
Abstract

Previously genome-wide association methods in patients with classic bladder exstrophy (CBE) found association with ISL1, a master control gene expressed in pericloacal mesenchyme. This study sought to further explore the genetics in a larger set of patients following-up on the most promising genomic regions previously reported. Genotypes of 12 markers obtained from 268 CBE patients of Australian, British, German Italian, Spanish and Swedish origin and 1,354 ethnically matched controls and from 92 CBE case-parent trios from North America were analysed. Only marker rs6874700 at the ISL1 locus showed association (p = 2.22 × 10−08). A meta-analysis of rs6874700 of our previous and present study showed a p value of 9.2 × 10−19. Developmental biology models were used to clarify the location of ISL1 activity in the forming urinary tract. Genetic lineage analysis of Isl1-expressing cells by the lineage tracer mouse model showed Isl1-expressing cells in the urinary tract of mouse embryos at E10.5 and distributed in the bladder at E15.5. Expression of isl1 in zebrafish larvae staged 48 hpf was detected in a small region of the developing pronephros. Our study supports ISL1 as a major susceptibility gene for CBE and as a regulator of urinary tract development.

Published
2017
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24. Gender Minority Stress: A Critical Review.

Author

Tan KKH, Treharne GJ, Ellis SJ, Schmidt JM, and Veale JF

Subjects
Female, Humans, Male, Psychological Theory, Transgender Persons psychology, Minority Groups psychology, Sexual and Gender Minorities psychology, Stress, Psychological
Abstract

Past studies that compare cisgender to transgender (or trans) and gender diverse people have found a higher prevalence of mental health problems among the latter groups. This article uses Testa's gender minority stress framework, which is an expansion of minority stress theory, to assess minority stressors that are specific to the experiences of trans and gender diverse people. The concept of cisnormativity, an ideology that positions cisgender identities as a norm, is used in relation to the gender minority stress framework to describe the marginalizing nature of social environments for trans and gender diverse people. This article provides a critical review that integrates and expands on past theoretical perspectives on gender minority stressors and protective factors. Specifically, this article demonstrates the relevance of cultural and ethnic backgrounds to complement the application of intersectionality in research on health disparities experienced by trans and gender diverse people.

Published
2020
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