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A COVID-19 traz repercussões macroestruturais ao status econômico, social e laboral que podem impactar o funcionamento conjugal e familiar. Neste artigo, enfocamos os recursos e riscos familiares durante a pandemia da COVID-19. Por meio de uma revisão narrativa da literatura, que incluiu estudos nacionais e internacionais, abordamos (a) conjugalidade, (b) coparentalidade, (c) parentalidade e (d) implicações para a prática da terapia de casal e família nesse contexto. Terapeutas de casal e família devem atuar no sentido de promover a coesão, flexibilidade e comunicação. Destaca-se a importância da atribuição de significados à pandemia e às experiências vivenciadas, assim como da esperança na superação dos desafios, enquanto se encorajam divisões de tarefas domésticas mais igualitárias. Discutimos a relevância de investir em estratégias que otimizem processos protetivos das relações familiares. The COVID-19 pandemic brings up macro-structural repercussions in economic, social, and work status, which may impact family and marital functioning. In the current paper, we focus on family resources and risks during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through a narrative review of the literature, considering Brazilian as well as international studies, we present (a) marital relations, (b) coparental relations, (c) parental relations, and (d) implications for the practice of marital and family therapy in this scenario. Family and couple therapists may work to strengthen aspects such as cohesion, flexibility, and communication. The importance of attributing meaning to the pandemic and the lived experiences as well as maintaining hope in the face of challenges are emphasized, whereas the establishment of a more equal division of household labor is encouraged. We discuss the relevance of enhancing strategies to optimize resources that promote healthy family relationships.

Resumo A doença causada pelo novo coronavírus (COVID-19) tem sido considerada uma grave crise sob o ponto de vista epidemiológico e, também, psicológico. Além das perdas em massa em curto espaço de tempo, as dificuldades para realização de rituais de despedida entre pessoas na iminência da morte e seus familiares, bem como de rituais funerários, podem dificultar a experiência de luto. O objetivo deste estudo é sistematizar conhecimentos sobre os processos de terminalidade, morte e luto no contexto da pandemia de COVID-19. Por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura, foram sumarizadas experiências relatadas em diferentes países durante a pandemia. Apresentam-se características das demandas psicológicas emergentes e implicações para a prática profissional do psicólogo. Considerando que expressões de afeto, condolências e espiritualidade sofrem alterações nesse cenário, discute-se a importância de potencializar formas alternativas e respeitosas para ritualização dos processos vividos, o que parece essencial para ressignificar perdas e enfrentar desafios durante e após a vigência da pandemia. Abstract The disease caused by the new coronavirus (COVID-19) has been regarded as a serious crisis from both an epidemiological and a psychological point of view. In addition to the mass loss of life in a short space of time, the difficulties involved in the performance of farewell rituals between people on the verge of death and their families, not to mention funeral rituals, may exacerbate the grieving experience. The aim of this study is to systematize knowledge about the processes of terminality, death and grief in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Through narrative review of the literature, experiences reported in different countries during the pandemic were summarized. Characteristics of the emerging psychological demands and implications for the psychologist's professional practice are presented. Considering that expressions of affection, condolence and spirituality undergo changes in this scenario, the importance of enhancing alternative and respectful ways to ritualize the processes experienced is discussed, which appears to be essential for the reframing of loss and to face the challenges presented during and after the pandemic.

Resumo A pandemia do novo coronavírus (COVID-19) é a maior emergência de saúde pública que a comunidade internacional enfrenta em décadas. Além das preocupações quanto à saúde física, traz também preocupações quanto ao sofrimento psicológico que pode ser experienciado pela população geral e pelos profissionais da saúde envolvidos.O objetivo do presente estudo foi sistematizar conhecimentos sobre implicações na saúde mental e intervenções psicológicas diante da pandemia do novo coronavírus. Realizou-se revisão da literatura técnico-científica produzida em diferentes países, na perspectiva de sumarizar desenvolvimentos recentes ligados à COVID-19. Apresentam-se resultados sobre implicações da pandemia na saúde mental, identificação de grupos prioritários e orientações sobre intervenções psicológicas, considerando particularidades da população geral e dos profissionais da saúde. Por fim, discutem-se potencialidades e desafios para a prática dos psicólogos no contexto brasileiro durante a pandemia. Abstract The new coronavirus pandemic (COVID-19) is the greatest public health emergency facing the international community in decades. Aside from the concerns related to physical health, it also brings up concerns related to the psychological distress that the general population and health professionals may experience. The aim of the current study was to systematize knowledge on the impacts of the new coronavirus pandemic on mental health, as well as on psychological interventions related to the disease. A review of the technical-scientific literature from different countries was carried out in order to summarize recent developments linked to the COVID-19. The results presented refer to the impacts of the pandemic on mental health, identification of priority groups, and guidance on psychological interventions, also considering the particularities of the general population and health professionals. Finally, we discuss both the potential and the challenges of practicing psychology in Brazil during the pandemic.

A pandemia de Covid-19 potencializou o já emergente processo de intensificação das conexões virtuais. Para terapeutas de casal e família, essa grave crise de saúde pública acarretou mudanças na forma de atender clientes e interagir com colegas, exigindo a rápida transição da modalidade presencial para a modalidade remota, em muitos casos. O presente estudo sistematizou conhecimentos sobre terapia on-line com casais e famílias, trazendo considerações para a prática e a formação profissional diante da pandemia. Por meio de revisão narrativa da literatura, foram sumarizados resultados de estudos empíricos, bem como recomendações sobre aspectos técnicos, éticos e formativos. Destacaram-se, em particular, potencialidades e desafios para a utilização de tecnologias da informação e da comunicação na prática clínica com casais e famílias, incluindo indicações e contraindicações, recursos mais apropriados e seguros, relação terapêutica on-line, capacitação e supervisão. Entende-se que a Covid-19 representa uma oportunidade para revisão e reflexão da prática clínica e da formação profissional de terapeutas de casal e família no Brasil, país em que as intervenções on-line permaneciam relativamente pouco exploradas até a pandemia. The Covid-19 pandemic has boosted the already emerging process of virtual connections. For couple and family therapists, this major public health crisis has led to changes in the way of treating clients and interacting with colleagues, requiring rapid transition from face-to-face to remote mode, in many cases. This study systematized knowledge about online therapy with couples and families, bringing considerations for practice and professional training in the face of the pandemic. By conducting a narrative literature review, we summarized results from empirical studies, as well as recommendations on technical, ethical, and formative aspects. Specifically, we highlighted both the potential and the challenges of using information and communication technologies in clinical practice with couples and families, including indications and contraindications, more appropriate and safer resources, online therapeutic relationship, training, and supervision. Covid-19 represents an opportunity for reviewing and analyzing the clinical practice and professional training of couples and family therapists in Brazil, a country in which online interventions remained relatively little explored until the pandemic. La pandemia de Covid-19 potenció el proceso ya emergente de conexiones virtuales. Para terapeutas de parejas y familias, esa grave emergencia de salud pública acarreó cambios en la forma de atender a clientes e interactuar con colegas, exigiendo la rápida transición de la modalidad presencial para la modalidad remota, en muchos casos. El presente estudio sistematizó conocimientos sobre terapia de parejas y familias on line, trayendo consideraciones para la práctica y la formación profesional en la pandemia. Por medio de revisión narrativa de la literatura, fueron obtenidos resultados de estudios empíricos, así como recomendaciones sobre aspectos técnicos, éticos y formativos. Se destacaron, en particular, potencialidades y desafíos para usar tecnologías de la información y de la comunicación en la práctica clínica con parejas y familias, incluyendo indicaciones y contraindicaciones, recursos más apropiados y seguros, relación terapéutica on line, capacitación y supervisión. Se entiende que el Covid-19 representa una oportunidad para la revisión y reflexión de la práctica clínica y de la formación profesional de terapeutas de parejas y familias en Brasil, donde las intervenciones on line permanecían relativamente poco exploradas hasta la pandemia.

The high heterogeneity of meat and meat products can influence the sensory perception of the consumers, being necessary to measure the real impact of these non-controllable variables on the dynamic sensory properties of the smoked bacon during tasting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking and fat content on the dynamic sensory perception of bacon by Brazilian consumers. For this, four different samples were prepared, varying the fat content (from “low” to “high”) and the type of smoking shown on the product label (natural and artificial). Thirty-five habitual smoked bacon consumers evaluated the dynamic sensory properties of the product using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method. The results were submitted to univariate (bandplot by attribute) and multivariate analyzes (Principal Component Analysis) to study both the dominance rate and its duration, respectively. The main attributes modified during tasting were "salty," "fatty," and "succulent," thus showing that the dynamic sensory perception of smoked bacon was modified by the type of smoking and the fat content of the sample. The high heterogeneity of meat and meat products can influence the sensory perception of the consumers, being necessary to measure the real impact of these non-controllable variables on the dynamic sensory properties of the smoked bacon during tasting. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of smoking and fat content on the dynamic sensory perception of bacon by Brazilian consumers. For this, four different samples were prepared, varying the fat content (from “low” to “high”) and the type of smoking shown on the product label (natural and artificial). Thirty-five habitual smoked bacon consumers evaluated the dynamic sensory properties of the product using the Temporal Dominance of Sensations (TDS) method. The results were submitted to univariate (bandplot by attribute) and multivariate analyzes (Principal Component Analysis) to study both the dominance rate and its duration, respectively. The main attributes modified during tasting were "salty," "fatty,"and "succulent," thus showing that the dynamic sensory perception of smoked bacon was modified by the type of smoking and the fat content of the sample.

Resumo: O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar a relação entre táticas de resolução de conflitos conjugais e parentais, reportadas por mães e pais de famílias com crianças de 4 a 6 anos. Trata-se de uma amostra comunitária de famílias provenientes do sul do Brasil, composta por 300 participantes (150 mulheres e 150 homens), que compunham casais heterossexuais, os quais responderam individualmente aos seguintes instrumentos: Questionário Sociodemográfico, Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) e Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC). Por meio de análises estatísticas que envolveram um conjunto de MANOVAS, constatou-se que as táticas de resolução de conflitos parentais de Disciplina Não Violenta, Agressão Psicológica e Punição Corporal, combinadas, diferiram com êxito os grupos de mães e pais, no que se refere à prática de Negociação, Agressão Psicológica e Violência Física, na relação conjugal. Os resultados remetem ao efeito spillover, indicando que a tensão das interações conflitivas conjugais transborda para a relação parental Resumen: El objetivo del presente estudio fue investigar la relación entre tácticas de resolución de conflictos conyugales y parentales, reportadas por las madres y por los padres, en familias con niños de 4 a 6 años. Se trata de una muestra comunitária de familias provenientes del sur de Brasil, compuesta por 300 participantes (150 mujeres y 150 hombres), de parejas heterosexuales que respondieron individualmente a los siguientes instrumentos: Cuestionario Sociodemográfico, Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) y Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC). Por medio de análisis estadísticos que involucran un conjunto de MANOVAS, se constató que las tácticas de resolución de conflictos parentales de Disciplina No Violenta, Agresión Psicológica y Punición Corporal combinadas distinguieron con éxito los grupos de madres y padres, en lo que se refiere a la práctica de Negociación, Agresión Psicológica y Violencia Física, en la relación conyugal. Los resultados remiten al efecto spillover, indicando que la tensión de las interacciones conflictivas de la pareja transborda la relación parental. Abstract: The current study aimed at investigating the relationship between marital and parental conflict resolution tactics, as reported by mothers and fathers of families with children aged from 4 to 6 years old. A community-based sample from South Brazil of 300 participants (150 women and 150 men), constituting heterosexual couples, answered the following instruments: Sociodemographic Questionnaire, Revised Conflict Tactics Scales (CTS2) and Parent-Child Conflict Tactics Scales (CTSPC). Through statistical analysis involving a set of MANOVAS, it was found that the combined parental conflict resolution tactics of Non-Violent Discipline, Psychological Aggression and Corporal Punishment successfully differed the groups of mothers and fathers regarding the practices of Negotiation, Psychological Aggression and Physical Violence in marital relationship. The results refer to the spillover effect, indicating that the tension of the couple’s conflictive interactions overflows to the parental relationship.

The objective of this study was to analyze the scientific production on relations between parental involvement and child’s temperament. A systematic review of the literature was conducted through the search of articles published in indexed scientific journals between 2007 and 2016, in PsycINFO, PePSIC, and SciELO databases. Thirteen quantitative studies met the designated criteria. Most of them investigated nuclear families, in which both parents lived with a child of up to three years of age. The results were diverse due to the variety of objectives, samples investigated, instruments applied, as well as the types of statistical analysis performed. Most studies revealed correlations between involvement and temperament, although the dimensions that correlated in some situations, were different for mother and father. We observed the fathers’ tendency to become more involved with children with difficult temperament, possibly in the sense of helping the mother to deal with the challenges of raising children in these cases. Nevertheless, there was a predominance of studies that indicated the easier the child’s temperament the greater parental involvement. These results encourage future research on parental involvement and children’s temperament, especially with families with different configurations and in the Brazilian context, where studies on the subject were not found. Keywords: involvement; temperament; family relations; parent-child relations. O objetivo do estudo foi analisar a produção científica sobre as relações entre envolvimento parental e temperamento de crianças. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura, por meio de buscas de artigos publicados em periódicos científicos indexados, entre os anos de 2007 e 2016, nas bases de dados PsycINFO, PePSIC e SciELO. Treze estudos quantitativos preencheram os critérios delimitados. A maioria investigou famílias nucleares, em que ambos os genitores residiam com o filho de até três anos de idade. Os resultados foram diversificados face à variedade dos objetivos, das amostras investigadas, dos instrumentos aplicados, bem como dos tipos de análises estatísticas realizadas. A maior parte dos estudos revelou correlações entre envolvimento e temperamento, embora as dimensões que se correlacionaram, em algumas situações, foram diferentes para mãe e pai. Evidenciou-se a tendência do pai se envolver mais com crianças com temperamento difícil, possivelmente no sentido de auxiliar a mãe a lidar com os desafios atinentes à criação dos filhos nesses casos. Ainda assim, houve predominância de estudos que indicaram maior envolvimento parental, quanto mais fácil o temperamento da criança. Esses resultados encorajam a realização de pesquisas futuras sobre envolvimento parental e temperamento de crianças, sobretudo junto a famílias com diferentes configurações e no contexto brasileiro, onde não foram encontrados estudos sobre a temática. Palavras-chave: envolvimento; temperamento; relações familiares; relações pai-criança.

Coparenting emerges across the transition to parenthood and refers to the way individuals coordinate, support each other in their parental roles and share responsibility in childrearing. Despite the increase in research on coparenting, relatively few studies have focused on non- North American or non-European families, which has hindered practice and policy targeting diverse countries. Likewise, qualitative research on coparenting is relatively rare, yet critical to shed light on details and complexities not well captured by other methods, including insights into sociocultural factors linked to coparenting in distinct contexts. Moreover, a qualitative longitudinal approach is particularly well suited to examine important life course transitions and turning points, such as the transition to parenthood. To address these gaps, we investigated coparenting across the transition to parenthood in South-Brazilian families, using a qualitative, longitudinal, multiple case study. Semi-structured, face-to-face interviews were conducted with 12 first-time mother and fathers (six nuclear families altogether), at 6, 12, and 18 months postpartum (36 interviews altogether). In two families only the father was employed, with the mother caring for the child; in two families both parents were employed, and they hired a nanny to care for the child in their home; and, in two families both parents were employed, and the child started attending daycare at the end of maternity leave. Through the two articles that comprise the current doctoral dissertation, we explored three components of Feinberg’s (2003) coparenting framework: division of labor (how parents divide childcare tasks and household chores, as well as their satisfaction with this division); agreement/disagreement (e.g., regarding children’s emotional needs and discipline); and, support/undermining (appreciation and cooperation, or criticism and competition). The first article is focused on the division of labor, whereas the second is focused on agreement/disagreement and support/undermining. Deductive thematic analysis revealed similarities and singularities between families. As presented in the first article, we found weaker sharing of household chores over time, against greater sharing of childcare tasks during the first few days postpartum, followed by a downward tendency in the fathers’ contributions during the first few months postpartum. This more unequal division of labor remained stable over time only for families who had chosen maternal care, changing after the end of maternity leave for families who had chosen nanny care and daycare. Parental satisfaction regarding the division of labor remained relatively high over time only for families who had chosen nanny care, which suggests that counting on a domestic worker since the beginning of the transition to parenthood contributed to preventing parental feelings of overload or unfairness across the transition to parenthood. Findings were discussed in the 10 light of the role that instrumental and social support, as well as the prevailing Brazilian gender norms, may play in the division of labor for new parents. With respect to the second article, our findings showed that agreement among parents remained relatively stable during the first year, whereas disagreements concerning discipline demanded more parental negotiation as infants advanced toward toddlerhood. Support and undermining coexisted in the same families, although mothers and fathers expressed undermining differently. Aspects of the ecological context, such as family of origin, instrumental and social support, as well as labor market, also appeared to influence coparenting agreement/disagreement and support/ undermining. Following each article, we presented strengths, limitations, suggestions for future research, as well as implications for practice (e.g., counseling) and policy (e.g., childcare arrangements and parental leave).

The aim of this research was to study and analyze interventions meant to promote positive parenting practices, emphasizing parents of children in normative development situations. An integrative review was carried out in PsycINFO, SciELO and PePSIC databases, considering pre-established descriptors – positive parenting practices, intervention, training – for publications from 2005 to 2015. The selected sample consisted of 12 articles. Interventions emphasized mainly promoting positive parenting in low socioeconomic status families, considering especially mothers as participants. The modalities developed were: groups of parents, home visits and exclusive family attendance in health services. In general, interventions showed satisfactory results with respect to the proposed objectives. Brazilian works on the subject were not identified within the investigative databases. The analysis of the international scenario on interventions promoting positive parenting practices suggests a lack of investment in family health promotion.Keywords: positive parenting practices, intervention, training, parent child relations, family relations. O objetivo deste estudo foi conhecer e analisar as intervenções voltadas a promover práticas parentais positivas junto a pais de crianças, em situações de desenvolvimento normativo. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão integrativa, mediante buscas nas bases PsycINFO, SciELO e PePSIC, considerando descritores preestabelecidos – práticas parentais positivas, intervenção, treinamento – e publicações entre os anos de 2005 e 2015. A partir dos critérios estabelecidos, encontrou-se 12 artigos. Constatou-se que as intervenções enfatizaram principalmente a promoção de práticas parentais positivas em famílias de status socioeconômico baixo, com predomínio da mãe como participante. As modalidades desenvolvidas foram: grupos com pais, visitas domiciliares e atendimento exclusivo à família em serviço de saúde. De maneira geral, as intervenções apresentaram resultados satisfatórios em relação aos objetivos propostos. Não foram identificados estudos brasileiros sobre a temática. A análise do cenário internacional a respeito das intervenções com foco na parentalidade positiva sugere a falta de investimento na promoção de saúde familiar.Palavras-chave: práticas parentais positivas, intervenção, treinamento, relações pais-criança, relações familiares.